CN116231296A - Complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna unit and array thereof - Google Patents

Complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna unit and array thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116231296A
CN116231296A CN202310274103.6A CN202310274103A CN116231296A CN 116231296 A CN116231296 A CN 116231296A CN 202310274103 A CN202310274103 A CN 202310274103A CN 116231296 A CN116231296 A CN 116231296A
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heart
shaped
circularly polarized
antenna
complementary
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郭庆新
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Communication University of China
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Communication University of China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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Abstract

The invention discloses a complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna unit and an array thereof, wherein the antenna unit comprises: the antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a heart-shaped patch, a ground surface with a heart-shaped gap and a microstrip line for feeding; the heart-shaped patch is connected with the microstrip line for feeding and is arranged on one side of the medium substrate, and the ground with the heart-shaped gap is arranged on the other side of the medium substrate; the array comprises: n complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna units, the antenna units are sequentially rotated by 90 degrees on the structure and are arranged, the amplitude of the input signal of each antenna unit is equal, and a phase difference of 90 degrees exists between adjacent ports when the phases are sequentially rotated. The invention adopts a heart-shaped complementary structure, the geometric perturbation is realized through the natural depression of the center tip of the heart-shaped structure, the ultra-wide axial ratio bandwidth can be realized by adopting single-point feed to the antenna unit, and the wider working bandwidth can be realized by using multi-point feed to the antenna array.

Description

Complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna unit and array thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna unit and an array thereof.
Background
In the fields of modern wireless communication, satellite communication, radar systems, navigation systems and the like, circular polarized antennas are widely applied due to the advantages of multipath fading resistance, system sensitivity and capacity improvement and the like. Circularly polarized antennas with broadband or ultra-broadband, good polarization performance and light size have been the focus of antenna research. The microstrip circular polarization antenna unit or array can adopt single-point feed and double-point feed schemes to realize signal input, when the unit antenna adopts single-point feed, the metal patch structure is subjected to geometric perturbation in the modes of angle cutting, surface slotting, tuning branches and the like on the radiation patch, and the microstrip circular polarization antenna unit or array has the advantages that a power distributor, a phase shift network and a power distributor are not required to be externally added, but has the remarkable defects of narrow bandwidth and poor polarization characteristic; the multipoint feeding scheme needs to be realized by an additional feeding network, and has the advantages of improving standing-wave ratio bandwidth, axial ratio bandwidth and the like, and has the disadvantages of complex feeding network and larger size.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna unit and an array thereof, wherein a heart-shaped complementary structure is adopted, geometric perturbation is realized through a natural depression of a center point of the heart-shaped structure, the antenna unit can realize ultra-wide axial ratio bandwidth by adopting single-point feed, and the multi-point feed is used for the antenna array, so that wider working bandwidth can be realized.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna unit, comprising: the antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a heart-shaped patch, a ground surface with a heart-shaped gap and a microstrip line for feeding; the heart-shaped patch is connected with the microstrip line for feeding and is arranged on one side of the medium substrate, and the ground with the heart-shaped gap is arranged on the other side of the medium substrate.
Preferably, the unit antenna radiates bidirectionally and is perpendicular to one side of the heart-shaped patch, and electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna are circularly polarized in a left-hand way; the electromagnetic wave of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna at the side of the ground perpendicular to the heart-shaped gap is right-hand circular polarization.
A complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna array, comprising: n complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna units, the antenna units are sequentially rotated by 90 degrees on the structure and are arranged, the amplitude of the input signal of each antenna unit is equal, and a phase difference of 90 degrees exists between adjacent ports when the phases are sequentially rotated.
Preferably, the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna is left-hand circularly polarized at one side perpendicular to the heart-shaped patch; right-hand circular polarization is arranged on one side of the ground vertical to the heart-shaped gap.
Preferably, a reflecting floor is placed at a certain distance from one side of the heart-shaped gap of the antenna, and electromagnetic waves generated by the antenna are circularly polarized in a left-hand direction and radiated in a unidirectional way to one side perpendicular to the heart-shaped patch.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the antenna unit can realize ultra-wide axial ratio bandwidth by adopting single-point feed and can realize wider working bandwidth by adopting the heart-shaped complementary structure and adopting the multipoint feed for the antenna array.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna element of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of reflection coefficients of a complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna element according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an axial ratio schematic diagram of a complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna element of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a gain diagram of a complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna element according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a radiation pattern of a complementary cardioid ultra wideband circularly polarized antenna element of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a dual radiation complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circularly polarized array according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is an axial ratio schematic diagram of a dual radiation complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circularly polarized array according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a gain schematic of a dual radiation complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circularly polarized array of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a radiation pattern of a dual radiation complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circularly polarized array of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a unidirectional radiation complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circularly polarized array according to the present invention.
FIG. 11 is an axial ratio schematic of a unidirectional radiation complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circularly polarized array of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a gain schematic of a unidirectional radiation complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circularly polarized array of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a radiation pattern of a unidirectional radiation complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circularly polarized array of the present invention.
Detailed Description
A complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna element as shown in fig. 1, comprising: the microstrip patch comprises a dielectric substrate 1, a heart-shaped patch 2, a microstrip feeder 3 and a ground 4 provided with a heart-shaped gap; the upper half part of the antenna in the figure 1 is a perspective view, a heart-shaped patch 2 and a microstrip feeder 3 are connected together and are all arranged on one surface of the upper side of a dielectric plate 1, a ground 4 with a heart-shaped gap is arranged on one surface of the lower side of the dielectric plate 1, and specific dimensions are marked on the lower half part of the antenna in the figure 1; the specific dimensions of the radiation patch and the floor are determined according to the working frequency, and the structural dimensions adopted in the embodiment are as follows: l=40 mm, p x ＝25.3mm,P y ＝127mm,t＝0.5mm,W f ＝1.5mm,P f ＝9.5mm,P sx ＝19mm,P sy = 12.53mm; the heart line equation for heart patches and heart gaps is determined by equation (1):
Figure BDA0004135583770000021
where coefficients a and b determine the heart size and the depth of the cusp, θ ε [0,2π ], in this example: the heart patch chooses a=8mm, b=1.65, and the heart slit chooses a=13mm, b=1.65.
Fig. 2 shows the reflection coefficient |s of the complementary heart-shaped broadband circularly polarized antenna unit of embodiment 1 11 As can be seen from the figure, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is very wide, |s 11 |<The lowest frequency of-10 dB is 2.4GHz, and the highest frequency is greater than 12GHz.
FIG. 3 is an axial ratio parameter of the complementary heart-shaped broadband circularly polarized antenna unit of this embodiment 1, and it can be seen from the figure that the electromagnetic wave emitted by the antenna is a left-hand circularly polarized wave perpendicular to one side of the heart-shaped patch, and the axial ratio AR<The frequency range of the 3dB bandwidth coverage is 2.34-6.24GHz; electromagnetic waves emitted by the antenna are right-hand circularly polarized waves perpendicular to one side of the heart-shaped gap, and the axial ratio AR<The bandwidth of 3dB covers 2.34-6.55GHz. S 11 |<-10dB and AR<The working frequency ranges which are all satisfied by 3dB are 2.34-6.24GHz, namely the circularly polarized working frequency band of the ultra-wideband is realized.
Fig. 4 is a gain curve of the complementary heart-shaped broadband circularly polarized antenna unit of this embodiment 1, and it can be seen from the graph that the maximum gain of the circularly polarized waves with two handedness is about 4dBi, and the gain is between 1dBi and 4dBi in the frequency range of 2.2-6.2 GHz; the cross polarization ratio is greater than 15dB over the frequency range of 2.4-6.5, where the cross polarization ratio is the difference between the gains of two circularly polarized opposite handedness in the same direction.
Fig. 5 is a radiation pattern of the complementary cardioid broadband circularly polarized antenna unit of this embodiment 1, which respectively shows three frequencies of 2.5GHz,4GHz and 6GHz, and it can be seen from the figure that, in the direction of one side (+z axis) of the cardioid patch, the radiated electromagnetic wave is a left-hand circularly polarized wave, and in the direction of one side (-z axis) of the cardioid slot, the radiated electromagnetic wave is a right-hand circularly polarized wave, and the radiation pattern is stable in the operating frequency band.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a dual-radiation complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circularly polarized array according to embodiment 2 of the present invention, wherein the complementary heart-shaped wideband circularly polarized antenna elements are sequentially rotated by 90 degrees to form a 2×2 array; the input ports of the four units are respectively provided with P 1 ，P 2 ，P 3 ，P 4 And (3) representing. When signals are added, the input signals of each antenna unit have equal amplitude and phase rotation in sequence, and a phase difference of 90 degrees exists between adjacent ports, namely, P is assumed 1 The phase of the input signal of the port is 0 DEG, P 2 ，P 3 And P 4 The phase of the ports is-90, -180, and-270 degrees.
Fig. 7 shows the axial ratio of the dual-radiation complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circular polarization array in embodiment 2 of the present invention, and it can be seen from the results that the axial ratio of the left-hand circular polarization and the right-hand circular polarization are substantially coincident in the 2-8GHz frequency band, and are both less than 1dB, and the circular polarization performance is excellent.
FIG. 8 is the gain of a dual radiation complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circularly polarized array according to example 2 of the present invention; as can be seen from the figure, the maximum gain of the two circularly polarized waves with the rotation directions is improved to about 9dBi, and the gain is between 6dBi and 9dBi in the frequency range of 3-7.5 GHz; the cross polarization ratio is greater than 30dB in the frequency range of 2-8GHz, and even greater than 50dB in the frequency range of 3.8-6.3 GHz; the gain and cross polarization ratio performance are both greatly improved compared to the antenna elements.
Fig. 9 is a radiation pattern of a complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circular polarization array with bidirectional radiation according to embodiment 2 of the present invention, three frequencies of 3GHz,5GHz and 7GHz are respectively drawn, and it can be seen from the figure that electromagnetic waves radiated in the direction of one side of the heart-shaped patch are left-hand circular polarized waves, while electromagnetic waves radiated in the direction of one side of the heart-shaped slit are right-hand circular polarized waves, and the radiation pattern is stable in the working frequency band.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a unidirectional radiation complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circular polarization array according to embodiment 3 of the present invention, wherein a metal counter plate is added on one side of the bidirectional radiation complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circular polarization array near the heart-shaped gap; the metal reflecting plate reflects the right-hand circularly polarized wave propagating along the-z direction, the reflected electromagnetic wave propagates along the +z direction, and the rotation direction is reversed to be the left-hand circularly polarized wave; by selecting a distance S 1 The two left-hand circularly polarized waves may be superimposed to increase the gain of the antenna.
Fig. 11 shows the axial ratio of the unidirectional radiation complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circular polarization array in embodiment 3 of the present invention, and from the results, it can be seen that the axial ratio of the left-hand circular polarization and the right-hand circular polarization are substantially coincident in the 2-8GHz frequency band, and are both less than 1dB, and the circular polarization performance is excellent.
FIG. 12 is the gain of the unidirectional radiation complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circularly polarized array of example 3 of the present invention; as can be seen from the figure, the maximum gain of the antenna is further increased to about 13dBi, with a gain greater than 7.5dBi in the frequency range of 2-7.2 GHz; the cross polarization ratio is greater than 50dB in the frequency range of 3-7.5 GHz; gain and cross polarization ratio performance are further improved compared with a bidirectional radiation complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circular polarization array.
Fig. 13 is a radiation pattern of a unidirectional radiation complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circular polarization array according to embodiment 3 of the present invention, which respectively shows three frequencies of 3GHz,5GHz and 7GHz, and it can be seen from the figure that the antenna radiates electromagnetic waves along +z direction, mainly left-hand circular polarized waves, and the radiation pattern is stable in the working frequency band.

Claims (5)

1. A complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna element, comprising: the antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a heart-shaped patch, a ground surface with a heart-shaped gap and a microstrip line for feeding; the heart-shaped patch is connected with the microstrip line for feeding and is arranged on one side of the medium substrate, and the ground with the heart-shaped gap is arranged on the other side of the medium substrate.
2. The complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna element of claim 1, wherein the element antenna radiates bi-directionally, perpendicular to one side of the heart-shaped patch, and the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna is left-hand circularly polarized; the electromagnetic wave of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna at the side of the ground perpendicular to the heart-shaped gap is right-hand circular polarization.
3. A complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna array, comprising: n complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna units, the antenna units are sequentially rotated by 90 degrees on the structure and are arranged, the amplitude of the input signal of each antenna unit is equal, and a phase difference of 90 degrees exists between adjacent ports when the phases are sequentially rotated.
4. The array of complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circularly polarized antennas of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antennas are left-hand circularly polarized on a side perpendicular to the heart-shaped patch; right-hand circular polarization is arranged on one side of the ground vertical to the heart-shaped gap.
5. The array of complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circularly polarized antennas of claim 1, wherein a reflective floor is placed at a distance from the heart-shaped slot side of the antenna, and electromagnetic waves generated by the antenna are left-hand circularly polarized and radiated unidirectionally to the side perpendicular to the heart-shaped patch.
CN202310274103.6A 2023-03-21 2023-03-21 Complementary heart-shaped ultra-wideband circularly polarized antenna unit and array thereof Pending CN116231296A (en)

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