CN116179910A - High-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 229910018571 Al—Zn—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018191 Al—Fe—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/002—Extruding materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special extruding methods of sequences
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
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Abstract
A high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance and a preparation method thereof belong to the field of nonferrous metal materials and preparation thereof. The Al-Zn-Mg alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: zn is more than or equal to 5.5% and less than or equal to 7.9%, mg is more than or equal to 1.2% and less than or equal to 2.5%, cu is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.6%, zr is more than or equal to 0.05% and less than or equal to 0.25%, cr is more than or equal to 0.05% and less than or equal to 0.3%, mn is more than or equal to 0.05% and less than or equal to 0.10%, the balance is Al and other unavoidable impurities, and the mass percentage ratio of Zn to Mg is more than or equal to 3.4 and less than or equal to 5.3. Meanwhile, the preparation method is also disclosed: casting-homogenizing process-extrusion-solid solution and time-efficient process. The method combines the preparation method by optimizing and controlling the content ratio of the main alloy element and the micro alloy element, so that the Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent mechanical property, corrosion property and welding property is prepared, and the method has the advantages of simple preparation method, high yield, low energy consumption, low pollution and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nonferrous metals and preparation thereof, in particular to a high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance and a preparation method thereof, wherein the product has excellent mechanical property, corrosion property and welding property and is suitable for being used as a structural material of transportation equipment such as automobiles, railway vehicles, airplanes and the like.
Background
The Al-Zn-Mg alloy is a heat-treatable reinforced aluminum alloy, and is widely applied to the fields of high-speed rail, automobiles and aerospace due to the lower density, higher mechanical property, corrosion resistance and welding property. The elements Cu, zr, cr, mn and the like in the Al-Zn-Mg series alloy are main micro-alloy elements of the alloy. The Cu element can reduce the potential of the Al-Zn-Mg alloy grain boundary and improve the stress corrosion resistance, and the Cu element is beneficial to improving the mechanical property of the alloy. But the corrosion performance of the alloy decreases when the Cu content is more than 0.4wt.%. The microalloy elements Zr, cr and Mn are combined with Al to form a micro compound phase, so that recrystallization can be inhibited to obtain a fibrous structure and quenching sensitivity can be controlled. The Zr, cr and Mn elements may be added together or separately as microalloy elements. Zr should not exceed 0.2wt.% as a preferred alloying element. The Cr element content should be less than 0.3wt.%, and when the Cr content is large, coarse inter-crystalline insoluble phases are formed in the alloy, resulting in a decrease in the mechanical properties of the alloy. Although Cr has a smaller effect as a recrystallization-inhibiting element than Zr, the addition of Cr alone or in combination also has a recrystallization-inhibiting effect. The maximum addition amount of Mn element is 0.8wt.%, and the optimum addition amount of Mn is 0.05-0.4wt.%, when Mn is combined with Zr, mn+Zr content should be less than 0.4wt.%. The Fe and Si elements as unavoidable impurities of the Al-Zn-Mg alloy can be combined with Al to form an Al-Fe-Si compound phase, and since the compound phase easily becomes a crack starting point during the stress of the alloy, the Fe and Si contents in the Al-Zn-Mg alloy should be strictly controlled, wherein the Fe content should be less than 0.2wt.%, and the Si content should be less than 0.1wt.%.
In general, the strength or corrosion resistance of the Al-Zn-Mg alloy can be improved by a deformation mode and a heat treatment process, but the strength or corrosion resistance is difficult to be simultaneously improved, and the other performance is sacrificed. In addition, trace Cu can effectively improve the strength of the alloy in the process of producing the Al-Zn-Mg alloy, but Cu element can seriously influence the welding performance of the alloy.
The proportion of main elements and the types, contents and proportions of trace elements in the Al-Zn-Mg series alloy seriously affect the performance. The optimal design of alloy components is an important way to develop high-performance Al-Zn-Mg series alloy. Therefore, how to obtain high-performance Al-Zn-Mg alloy with higher mechanical property, corrosion resistance and welding property by blending the proportion of main element and trace element is a technical problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides the high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance and the preparation method thereof, and the product has excellent mechanical property, corrosion performance and welding performance. The microstructure state of the Al-Zn-Mg alloy is regulated and controlled by regulating and controlling the contents of main alloy elements and trace elements and adopting a specific preparation process, so that the Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance is obtained.
The high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance provided by the invention comprises main alloy elements Zn and Mg, and 1 or more than 2 of microalloy elements Cu, zr, cr, mn, ti, fe and Si, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities.
The high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance comprises the following components in percentage by mass: zn is more than or equal to 5.5% and less than or equal to 7.9%, mg is more than or equal to 1.2% and less than or equal to 2.5%, cu is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.6%, zr is more than or equal to 0.05% and less than or equal to 0.25%, cr is more than or equal to 0.05% and less than or equal to 0.3%, mn is more than or equal to 0.05% and less than or equal to 0.5%, ti is more than or equal to 0.02% and less than or equal to 0.10%, and the balance is Al and other unavoidable impurities.
Further, the content of single impurities is less than 0.05%, the total content of impurities is not more than 0.3%, the content of Fe is less than 0.2%, and the content of Si is less than 0.2%.
Further, the high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance is more than or equal to 3.4 percent and less than or equal to 5.3,0 percent of Zn/Mg and less than or equal to 0.9 percent of Zr+Cr+Mn.
The high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance has the yield strength of 450-550MPa, the tensile strength of 470-570MPa and the elongation of 15-23%.
The preparation method of the high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance comprises the following steps: the specific preparation method comprises the following steps of:
1. smelting: pure aluminum, pure zinc, pure magnesium, pure copper, al-10Cr, al-10Zr, al-10Mn and Al-5Ti-B are prepared as raw materials, wherein the mass purity of the aluminum is more than or equal to 99.98%, and the mass purity of the pure zinc, the pure magnesium and the pure copper is more than or equal to 99.98%. Under the protection atmosphere condition, pure aluminum is heated to 700-730 ℃ to form aluminum melt. Putting pure copper, al-10Cr, al-10Zr, al-5Ti-B and Al-10Mn into a melt, heating the solution to 730-750 ℃ to enable the alloy to be completely melted, and preserving the temperature for 5-8min under the stirring condition. Under the protection atmosphere condition, adding pure zinc and pure magnesium into the melt, stirring until the pure zinc and the pure magnesium are completely melted, and then degassing, deslagging and casting to obtain the cast ingot.
2. Homogenizing the cast ingot: heating the ingot to 460-520 ℃ at a heating rate of 3-20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 12-36 hours, and then discharging and air cooling to obtain the homogenized alloy.
3. Extruding: and removing oxidized skin on the surface of the homogenized alloy, and then performing extrusion treatment to obtain an extruded alloy blank. The extrusion ratio in the extrusion process is 10-40; the extrusion temperature is 460-540 ℃; the extrusion speed is 2mm/s-5mm/s; the cooling rate after extrusion is greater than 30 ℃/s.
4. And (3) solid solution and aging treatment: and carrying out solid solution and time-efficient treatment on the extruded alloy blank to obtain the high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance. The solution treatment process comprises the following steps: water quenching at room temperature at 450-485 deg.c for 0.5-3 hr; the aging process comprises the following steps: the temperature is 100-225 ℃, the heat preservation time is 10-72 hours, and the furnace is taken out for air cooling.
In the step 1, the protective atmosphere is an argon atmosphere.
In the step 1, the intermediate alloy and the pure metal are added into the melt in a bell jar pressing mode.
In the step 1, the stirring mode is mechanical stirring, and the degassing is to introduce argon atmosphere into the melt for 20-40min.
In the step 1, the casting temperature is 720-735 ℃ and the casting speed is 200-400 mm/min.
According to the invention, the content ratio of the main alloy element to the micro alloy element is optimally regulated, and the Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent mechanical property, corrosion property and welding property is prepared by a reasonable preparation method. The preparation method is simple, high in yield, low in energy consumption and small in pollution, is widely applied to industrial production, and can realize industrial batch production of the Al-Zn-Mg alloy.
Detailed Description
The following non-limiting examples will enable those of ordinary skill in the art to more fully understand the invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
The test methods described in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional; the reagents and materials, unless otherwise specified, are commercially available.
The percentages used in the examples below are mass percentages unless otherwise indicated.
A high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance is characterized in that: the alloy comprises Al, zn, mg, cu, zr, cr, mn, zr, ti, wherein the mass percentage of Zn is 5.5% -7.9%, the mass percentage of Mg is 1.2% -2.5%, the mass percentage ratio of Zn to Mg is 3.4-5.3%, the mass percentage of Cu is 0-0.6%, the mass percentage of Zr is 0.05% -0.25%, the mass percentage of Cr is 0.05% -0.3%, the mass percentage of Mn is 0.05% -2.5%, and the mass percentage of Ti is 0.02% -0.1%;
the preparation method of the high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance comprises the following steps,
(1) Smelting: pure aluminum, pure zinc, pure magnesium, pure copper, al-10Cr, al-10Zr, al-10Mn and Al-5Ti-B are prepared as raw materials, wherein the mass purity of the aluminum is more than or equal to 99.98%, and the mass purity of the pure zinc, the pure magnesium and the pure copper is more than or equal to 99.98%. Under the protection atmosphere condition, pure aluminum is heated to 700-730 ℃ to form aluminum melt. Putting pure copper, al-10Cr, al-10Zr, al-5Ti-B and Al-10Mn into a melt, heating the solution to 730-750 ℃ to enable the alloy to be completely melted, and preserving the temperature for 5-8min under the stirring condition. Under the protection atmosphere condition, adding pure zinc and pure magnesium into the melt, stirring until the pure zinc and the pure magnesium are completely melted, then utilizing argon gas to remove gas, removing gas for 20-40min, and finally deslagging and casting, wherein the casting temperature is 720-735 ℃ and the casting speed is 200-400 mm/min.
(2) Homogenizing the cast ingot: heating the ingot to 460-520 ℃ at a heating rate of 3-20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 12-36 hours, and then discharging and air cooling.
(3) Extruding: and removing oxidized skin on the surface of the homogenized alloy, and then performing extrusion treatment to obtain an extruded alloy blank. The extrusion ratio in the extrusion process is 10-40; the extrusion temperature is 460-540 ℃; the extrusion speed is 2mm/s-5mm/s; the cooling rate after extrusion is greater than 30 ℃/s.
(4) And (3) solid solution and aging treatment: and carrying out solution treatment and aging on the extruded alloy blank to obtain the high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance. The solution treatment process comprises the following steps: water quenching at room temperature at 450-485 deg.c for 0.5-3 hr; the aging process comprises the following steps: the temperature is 100-225 ℃, the heat preservation time is 10-72 hours, and the furnace is taken out for air cooling.
Example 1
The high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance comprises the following components in percentage by mass: zn:5.5%, mg:1.6%, cu:0.2%, zr:0.12%, cr:0.2%, mn:0.4%, ti:0.03%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities. The alloy preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) Smelting: pure aluminum, pure zinc, pure magnesium, pure copper, al-10Cr, al-10Zr, al-10Mn and Al-5Ti-B are prepared as raw materials, wherein the mass purity of the aluminum is more than or equal to 99.98%, and the mass purity of the pure zinc, the pure magnesium and the pure copper is more than or equal to 99.98%. Under the protection atmosphere condition, pure aluminum is placed and heated to 700 ℃ to form aluminum melt. Pure copper, al-10Cr, al-10Zr, al-5Ti-B and Al-10Mn are put into a melt, the temperature of the solution is raised to 730 ℃ to enable the alloy to be completely melted, and the alloy is kept for 6min under the stirring condition. Under the protection atmosphere condition, adding pure zinc and pure magnesium into the melt, stirring until the pure zinc and the pure magnesium are completely melted, then degassing by using argon for 30min, and finally deslagging and casting, wherein the casting temperature is 720 ℃ and the casting speed is 200mm/min.
(2) Homogenizing the cast ingot: heating the ingot to 460 ℃ at a heating rate of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 36 hours, and discharging and air cooling.
(3) Extruding: and removing oxidized skin on the surface of the homogenized alloy, and then performing extrusion treatment to obtain an extruded alloy blank. The extrusion ratio in the extrusion process is 20; the extrusion temperature is 460 ℃; the extrusion speed is 2mm/s; the cooling rate after extrusion is greater than 30 ℃/s.
(4) And (3) solid solution and aging treatment: and carrying out solution treatment and aging on the extruded alloy blank to obtain the high-strength weldable Al-Zn-Mg alloy. The solution treatment process comprises the following steps: the temperature is 450 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3 hours, and the water quenching is carried out at room temperature; the aging process comprises the following steps: and (5) at 205 ℃, keeping the temperature for 24 hours, discharging and air cooling.
And performing performance test on the high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance, wherein the yield strength of the high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance is 472MPa, the tensile strength is 495MPa, and the elongation is 18.5%.
Example 2
The high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance comprises the following components in percentage by mass: zn:6%, mg:1.8%, cu:0.3%, zr:0.2%, cr:0.2%, mn:0.5%, ti:0.03%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities. The alloy preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) Smelting: pure aluminum, pure zinc, pure magnesium, pure copper, al-10Cr, al-10Zr, al-10Mn and Al-5Ti-B are prepared as raw materials, wherein the mass purity of the aluminum is more than or equal to 99.98%, and the mass purity of the pure zinc, the pure magnesium and the pure copper is more than or equal to 99.98%. Under the protection atmosphere condition, pure aluminum is placed and heated to 730 ℃ to form aluminum melt. Pure copper, al-10Cr, al-10Zr, al-5Ti-B and Al-10Mn are put into a melt, the solution is heated to 750 ℃ to enable the alloy to be completely melted, and the alloy is kept for 5min under the stirring condition. Under the protection atmosphere condition, adding pure zinc and pure magnesium into the melt, stirring until the pure zinc and the pure magnesium are completely melted, then degassing by using argon for 20min, and finally deslagging and casting, wherein the casting temperature is 735 ℃ and the casting speed is 400mm/min.
(2) Homogenizing the cast ingot: heating the ingot to 520 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 24 hours, and discharging and air cooling.
(3) Extruding: and removing oxidized skin on the surface of the homogenized alloy, and then performing extrusion treatment to obtain an extruded alloy blank. The extrusion ratio in the extrusion process is 30; the extrusion temperature is 540 ℃; the extrusion speed is 5mm/s; the cooling rate after extrusion is greater than 30 ℃/s.
(4) And (3) solid solution and aging treatment: and carrying out solution treatment and aging on the extruded alloy blank to obtain the high-strength weldable Al-Zn-Mg alloy. The solution treatment process comprises the following steps: water quenching at the room temperature at 485 ℃ for 0.5 hour; the aging process comprises the following steps: the temperature is 225 ℃, the heat preservation time is 10 hours, and the furnace is taken out for air cooling.
And performing performance test on the high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance, wherein the yield strength of the high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance is 494MPa, the tensile strength is 515MPa, and the elongation is 17.6%.
Example 3
The high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance comprises the following components in percentage by mass: zn:6.3%, mg:1.9%, cu:0.2%, zr:0.15%, cr:0.2%, mn:0.4%, ti:0.03%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities. The alloy preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) Smelting: pure aluminum, pure zinc, pure magnesium, pure copper, al-10Cr, al-10Zr, al-10Mn and Al-5Ti-B are prepared as raw materials, wherein the mass purity of the aluminum is more than or equal to 99.98%, and the mass purity of the pure zinc, the pure magnesium and the pure copper is more than or equal to 99.98%. Pure aluminum was placed under protective atmosphere conditions and heated to 720 ℃ to form an aluminum melt. Pure copper, al-10Cr, al-10Zr, al-5Ti-B and Al-10Mn are put into a melt, the solution is heated to 750 ℃ to enable the alloy to be completely melted, and the temperature is kept for 6min under the stirring condition. Under the protection atmosphere condition, adding pure zinc and pure magnesium into the melt, stirring until the pure zinc and the pure magnesium are completely melted, then degassing by using argon for 40min, and finally deslagging and casting, wherein the casting temperature is 735 ℃ and the casting speed is 300mm/min.
(2) Homogenizing the cast ingot: heating the ingot to 500 ℃ at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min, preserving heat for 24 hours, and then discharging and air cooling.
(3) Extruding: and removing oxidized skin on the surface of the homogenized alloy, and then performing extrusion treatment to obtain an extruded alloy blank. The extrusion ratio in the extrusion process is 20; the extrusion temperature is 540 ℃; the extrusion speed is 3mm/s; the cooling rate after extrusion is greater than 30 ℃/s.
(4) And (3) solid solution and aging treatment: and carrying out solution treatment and aging on the extruded alloy blank to obtain the high-strength weldable Al-Zn-Mg alloy. The solution treatment process comprises the following steps: water quenching at room temperature at 465 deg.c for 1 hr; the aging process comprises the following steps: the temperature is 200 ℃, the heat preservation time is 36 hours, and the furnace is taken out for air cooling.
The high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance, which is obtained by the preparation method, is subjected to performance test, and the yield strength of the high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance is 505MPa, the tensile strength is 527MPa, and the elongation is 19.4 percent
Example 4
The high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance comprises the following components in percentage by mass: zn:7.5%, mg:2.3%, cu:0.2%, zr:0.15%, cr:0.2%, mn:0.4%, ti:0.03%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities. The alloy preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) Smelting: pure aluminum, pure zinc, pure magnesium, pure copper, al-10Cr, al-10Zr, al-10Mn and Al-5Ti-B are prepared as raw materials, wherein the mass purity of the aluminum is more than or equal to 99.98%, and the mass purity of the pure zinc, the pure magnesium and the pure copper is more than or equal to 99.98%. Pure aluminum was placed under protective atmosphere conditions and heated to 710 ℃ to form an aluminum melt. Putting pure copper, al-10Cr, al-10Zr, al-5Ti-B and Al-10Mn into a melt, heating the solution to 740 ℃ to enable the alloy to be completely melted, and preserving the temperature for 5-8min under the stirring condition. Under the protection atmosphere condition, adding pure zinc and pure magnesium into the melt, stirring until the pure zinc and the pure magnesium are completely melted, then degassing by using argon for 25min, and finally deslagging and casting, wherein the casting temperature is 730 ℃ and the casting speed is 250mm/min.
(2) Homogenizing the cast ingot: heating the ingot to 520 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 12 hours, and discharging and air cooling.
(3) Extruding: and removing oxidized skin on the surface of the homogenized alloy, and then performing extrusion treatment to obtain an extruded alloy blank. The extrusion ratio in the extrusion process is 20; the extrusion temperature is 500 ℃; the extrusion speed is 4mm/s; the cooling rate after extrusion is greater than 30 ℃/s.
(4) And (3) solid solution and aging treatment: and carrying out solution treatment and aging on the extruded alloy blank to obtain the high-strength weldable Al-Zn-Mg alloy. The solution treatment process comprises the following steps: the temperature is 475 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, and the water quenching is carried out at room temperature; the aging process comprises the following steps: the temperature is 155 ℃, the heat preservation time is 24 hours, and the furnace is taken out for air cooling.
And performing performance test on the high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance, wherein the yield strength of the high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance is 518MPa, the tensile strength is 539MPa, and the elongation is 21%.
Example 5
The high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance comprises the following components in percentage by mass: zn:7.9%, mg:2.5%, cu:0.15%, zr:0.15%, cr:0.25%, mn:0.3%, ti:0.03%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities. The procedure for preparing the alloy was the same as in example 1.
And performing performance test on the high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance, wherein the yield strength of the high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance is 526MPa, the tensile strength is 555MPa, and the elongation is 19.2%.
Example 6
The high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance comprises the following components in percentage by mass: zn:7.9%, mg:2.5%, zr:0.15%, cr:0.25%, mn:0.3%, ti:0.03%, the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities, differing from example 5 in the absence of copper element. The procedure for preparing the alloy was the same as in example 1.
And performing performance test on the high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance, wherein the yield strength of the high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance is 524MPa, the tensile strength is 552MPa, and the elongation is 16.8%.
The technical scheme of the invention is explained in the technical scheme, the protection scope of the invention cannot be limited by the technical scheme, and any changes and modifications to the technical scheme according to the technical substance of the invention belong to the protection scope of the technical scheme of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance is characterized by comprising, in percentage by mass, main alloy elements and micro alloy elements, wherein the main alloy elements are Al-Zn-Mg, the micro alloy elements comprise 1 or more than 2 of Cu, zr, cr, mn, ti, fe and Si, and the balance is Al and unavoidable impurities;
wherein, the mass ratio of the micro-alloy elements satisfies the condition (1), and the mass ratio of the main alloy elements satisfies the condition (2):
0＜Cu≤0.6％，0.05％＜Zr≤0.25％，0.05％＜Cr≤0.3％，
0.05％＜Mn≤0.5％，0.02％≤Ti≤0.10％，Fe＜0.2％，Si＜0.2％ (1)
zn is more than 5.5 percent and less than or equal to 7.9 percent, mg is more than 1.2 percent and less than or equal to 2.5 percent, and the balance is Al; (2).
2. The high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance according to claim 1, wherein Zn/Mg is more than or equal to 3.4 and less than or equal to 5.3,0 and Zr+Cr+Mn is more than or equal to 0.9%, the mass percentage of single impurity is less than 0.05%, and the total mass percentage of impurities is not more than 0.3%.
3. The high strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy having excellent combination property according to claim 1, wherein the yield strength of the high strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy having excellent combination property of the present invention is 450 to 550MPa, the tensile strength is 470 to 570MPa, and the elongation is 15 to 23%.
4. A method for producing the high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy having excellent overall properties as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising: casting-homogenizing process-extrusion-solid solution and time-efficient process; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, casting: the alloy components are proportioned according to the designed high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy components with excellent comprehensive performance, and the alloy cast ingot is obtained after the alloy components are heated to 730-750 ℃ and melted;
s2, ingot homogenization treatment: heating the ingot to 460-520 ℃ at a heating rate of 3-20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 12-36 hours, and then discharging and air cooling to obtain homogenized alloy;
s3, extruding: removing oxidized skin on the surface of the homogenized alloy ingot, and then performing extrusion treatment to obtain an extruded alloy blank;
s4, solid solution and aging treatment: and carrying out solid solution and time-efficient treatment on the extruded alloy blank to obtain the high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance.
5. The method for producing a high strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy having excellent comprehensive properties according to claim 4, wherein in step S1, the melting comprises the steps of:
preparing pure aluminum, pure zinc, pure magnesium, pure copper, al-10Cr, al-10Zr, al-10Mn and Al-5Ti-B as raw materials, wherein the mass purity of the aluminum is more than or equal to 99.98%, and the mass purity of the pure zinc, the pure magnesium and the pure copper is more than or equal to 99.98%;
under the protection atmosphere condition, placing pure aluminum into a furnace, and heating to 700-730 ℃ to form aluminum melt;
under the protective atmosphere condition, putting pure copper, al-10Cr, al-10Zr, al-5Ti-B and Al-10Mn into a melt, heating the solution to 730-750 ℃ to enable the alloy to be completely melted, and then preserving heat for 5-8min under the stirring condition;
under the protection atmosphere condition, adding pure zinc and pure magnesium into the melt, stirring until the pure zinc and the pure magnesium are completely melted, and then degassing and deslagging.
6. The method for preparing the high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive performance according to claim 5, wherein argon is adopted during degassing, and the time is 20-40min; the stirring mode is mechanical stirring.
7. The method for producing an Al-Zn-Mg alloy having excellent overall properties and high strength according to claim 4, wherein in said S1, the casting step is: and finally, shearing treatment is carried out at the casting temperature of 720-735 ℃ and the casting speed of 200-400 mm/min.
8. The method for producing an Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive properties and high strength according to claim 4, wherein the extrusion ratio in S3 is 10-40; the extrusion temperature is 460-540 ℃; the extrusion speed is 2mm/s-5mm/s; the cooling rate after extrusion is greater than 30 ℃/s.
9. The method for preparing the high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy having excellent comprehensive properties according to claim 4, wherein in S4, the solution treatment process is as follows: the temperature is 450-485 ℃, the heat preservation time is 0.5-3 hours, and the water quenching is carried out at room temperature.
10. The method for preparing the high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy with excellent comprehensive properties according to claim 4, wherein in the step S4, the aging process is as follows: the temperature is 100-225 ℃, the heat preservation time is 10-72 hours, and the furnace is taken out for air cooling.
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| CN116891965A (en) * | 2023-07-28 | 2023-10-17 | 东莞市东铝铝业有限公司 | Novel high-altitude anti-falling aluminum alloy material and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN109666829A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-04-23 | 中南大学 | A kind of high-strength casting aluminium lithium ormolu of low lithium content and preparation method thereof |
| US20200102631A1 (en) * | 2016-12-10 | 2020-04-02 | The Boeing Company | Mg-gd-y-zn-zr alloy and process for preparing the same |
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| CN107619976A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2018-01-23 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | A kind of Al Zn Mg alloys and preparation method thereof |
| CN109666829A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-04-23 | 中南大学 | A kind of high-strength casting aluminium lithium ormolu of low lithium content and preparation method thereof |
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