CN115812715A - Composition for improving stress resistance of tobacco - Google Patents
Composition for improving stress resistance of tobacco Download PDFInfo
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- CN115812715A CN115812715A CN202211495409.6A CN202211495409A CN115812715A CN 115812715 A CN115812715 A CN 115812715A CN 202211495409 A CN202211495409 A CN 202211495409A CN 115812715 A CN115812715 A CN 115812715A
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- QMGVPVSNSZLJIA-FVWCLLPLSA-N strychnine Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC(N([C@H]2[C@H]1[C@H]1C3)C=4C5=CC=CC=4)=O)CC=C1CN1[C@@H]3[C@]25CC1 QMGVPVSNSZLJIA-FVWCLLPLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a composition for improving the stress resistance of tobacco, which comprises 500-2000 mu mol of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 40-70mmol of spermidine and 5-8g of betaine per liter of the composition, and the balance of traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution; the traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution is prepared by steaming and extracting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of nux vomica, 30-50 parts of cabo, 1-5 parts of pepper, 10-20 parts of tea seed cake, 7-10 parts of pyrethrum, 5-15 parts of ailanthus leaf and 18-25 parts of fibraurea stem; also discloses a preparation method. The invention adopts 5-aminolevulinic acid, spermidine and betaine to improve the drought resistance of the tobacco; meanwhile, biological control of pests is realized by adopting various traditional Chinese medicinal materials, the application is convenient, and the yield and the quality of the tobacco leaves are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco growth regulators, and particularly relates to a composition for improving stress resistance of tobacco and a preparation method thereof.
Background
China is the first major tobacco leaf producing country in the world, and the tobacco industry has a unique position in national economy. From the tobacco planting situation in recent years, the planting area and the yield present a basically stable production situation. Currently, the total yield of Chinese tobacco leaves accounts for about 41.5% of the total world yield, and flue-cured tobacco leaves account for about 59.9% of the total world yield.
Drought, one of the major forms of stress suffered during the growth and development of plants, causes losses to crops that are about half of those caused by all abiotic stresses, second only to those caused by pests and diseases during biotic stresses.
Most tobacco planting areas in China are limited by geographical positions and climatic environments and are in a state of water resource shortage. Tobacco can not grow normally due to water stress, and diseases and insect pests can be caused at the same time of drought, so that the yield and the quality of tobacco leaves are severely restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composition for improving the stress resistance of tobacco and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a composition for improving stress resistance of tobacco comprises 5-aminolevulinic acid 500-2000 μmol, spermidine 40-70mmol, betaine 5-8g, and Chinese medicinal extractive solution in balance;
the traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution is prepared by steaming and extracting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of nux vomica, 30-50 parts of cabo, 1-5 parts of pepper, 10-20 parts of tea seed cake, 7-10 parts of pyrethrum, 5-15 parts of ailanthus leaf and 18-25 parts of fibraurea stem.
Preferably, each liter of the composition comprises 800-1000 mu mol of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 50-60mmol of spermidine and 6-7g of betaine, and the balance is traditional Chinese medicine extract.
Further, the traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution is prepared by steaming and extracting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12-14 parts of nux vomica, 40-45 parts of tobacco stems, 2-3 parts of pepper, 15-17 parts of tea seed cakes, 8-9 parts of pyrethrum, 8-12 parts of ailanthus leaves and 20-22 parts of fibraurea stems.
The preparation method of the composition for improving the stress resistance of the tobacco comprises the following steps:
s1, putting Chinese medicinal materials such as nux vomica, cabo, pepper, tea seed cake, pyrethrum, ailanthus altissima swingle leaves and fibraurea stem into a container, mashing, adding water with the mass of 5-8 times of that of the Chinese medicinal materials, and soaking for 2-5 hours; boiling for 2-4 hr; filtering to obtain Chinese medicinal extractive solution;
and S2, adding the 5-aminolevulinic acid, spermidine and betaine into the traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution, uniformly stirring and filling.
The method for improving the stress resistance of the tobacco uses the composition and water in a ratio of 1: mixing at a ratio of 80-120, and spraying; spraying 1 liter of the composition per mu of land.
The invention adopts 5-aminolevulinic acid, spermidine and betaine to improve the drought resistance of the tobacco; the 5-aminolevulinic acid can participate in the regulation of the growth and development process of plants, such as the regulation and control of chlorophyll synthesis, the improvement of the stability of photosynthetic pigments and photosystem II, the promotion of photosynthesis, the contribution to the physiological functions of plant tissue differentiation, dark reaction inhibition, stomata expansion and the like; the growth of plants under salt stress, drought and low-temperature stress can be promoted, and meanwhile, the photosynthetic pigment content of leaves is increased and the photosynthesis efficiency is improved by improving the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of osmoregulation substances, so that the stress resistance is enhanced; spermidine can remove active oxygen, promote the water conductivity of the plant root system and the accumulation of osmotic adjusting substances of leaves, enhance the activity of antioxidant enzyme and the respiration rate of the root system, and further improve the drought resistance of tobacco; the betaine has the structure and the function of stabilizing biomacromolecules under osmotic stress conditions, and can reduce the damage of osmotic dehydration to cell membranes, enzymes and protein structures and functions under adverse conditions, thereby improving the resistance of plants to various stress factors; the combined action of the three components greatly improves the drought resistance of the tobacco; meanwhile, the traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution provided by the invention can realize the prevention and control of tobacco plant diseases and insect pests in drought, and the strychnine contained in the nux vomica can kill the insect pests; the nicotine in the tobacco stems can prevent and control pests such as aphids, red spiders, thrips and the like; the pricklyash peel can prevent and control aphid, leaf Chan, scale insect, etc.; the tea seed cake contains saponin and alkaloid, mainly kills pests by contact and has the function of stomach element; pyrethrum has strong contact poisoning effect and weak stomach poisoning effect on pests; the ailanthus leaves can prevent aphids and the like; the fibraurea recisa pierre has better control effect on stinkbug, scale insects, yellow melon, prodenia litura, armyworm and the like; the mixed use of various traditional Chinese medicinal materials can greatly improve the insecticidal effect, simultaneously realize the biological control of pests and improve the quality of tobacco leaves.
According to the method, various traditional Chinese medicine raw materials are crushed, effective ingredients of the traditional Chinese medicine are extracted to the maximum extent, the insecticidal effect is improved, three plant regulators which can act synergistically are added, the drought resistance of tobacco is improved, the application is convenient, and the yield and the quality of tobacco leaves are improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
A composition for improving stress resistance of tobacco comprises 500 μmol of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 40mmol of spermidine and 5g of betaine per liter of composition, and the balance of Chinese medicinal extractive solution;
the traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution is prepared by steaming and extracting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of nux vomica, 50 parts of tobacco stems, 5 parts of pepper, 10 parts of tea seed cakes, 7 parts of pyrethrum, 5 parts of ailanthus leaves and 25 parts of fibraurea stems.
The preparation method of the composition for improving the stress resistance of the tobacco comprises the following steps:
s1, putting Chinese medicinal materials such as nux vomica, cabo, pepper, tea seed cake, pyrethrum, ailanthus altissima swingle leaves and fibraurea stem into a container, mashing, adding water with the mass 5 times of that of the Chinese medicinal materials, and soaking for 2 hours; boiling for 2 hours; filtering to obtain Chinese medicinal extractive solution;
and S2, adding the 5-aminolevulinic acid, spermidine and betaine into the traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution, uniformly stirring and filling.
Example 2
A composition for improving stress resistance of tobacco comprises 2000 μmol of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 70mmol of spermidine and 8g of betaine per liter of composition, and the balance of Chinese medicinal extractive solution;
the traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution is prepared by steaming and extracting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of nux vomica, 30 parts of tobacco stems, 1 part of pepper, 20 parts of tea seed cakes, 10 parts of pyrethrum, 15 parts of ailanthus leaves and 18 parts of fibraurea stems.
The preparation method of the composition for improving the stress resistance of the tobacco comprises the following steps:
s1, putting traditional Chinese medicinal materials such as nux vomica, tobacco stems, pepper, tea seed cakes, pyrethrum, ailanthus altissima swingle leaves and fibraurea stem into a container, mashing, adding water with the mass of 8 times of that of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and soaking for 5 hours; boiling for 4 hours; filtering to obtain Chinese medicinal extractive solution;
and S2, adding the 5-aminolevulinic acid, spermidine and betaine into the traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution, uniformly stirring and filling.
Example 3
A composition for improving stress resistance of tobacco comprises 800 μmol of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 50mmol of spermidine and 6g of betaine per liter of composition, and the balance of Chinese medicinal extractive solution;
the traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution is prepared by steaming and extracting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of nux vomica, 40 parts of tobacco stems, 2 parts of pepper, 15 parts of tea seed cakes, 8 parts of pyrethrum, 12 parts of ailanthus leaves and 20 parts of fibraurea stems.
The preparation method of the composition for improving the stress resistance of the tobacco comprises the following steps:
s1, putting traditional Chinese medicinal materials such as nux vomica, tobacco stems, pepper, tea seed cakes, pyrethrum, ailanthus altissima swingle leaves and fibraurea stem into a container, mashing, adding water with the mass 6 times of that of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and soaking for 4 hours; boiling for 3 hours; filtering to obtain Chinese medicinal extractive solution;
and S2, adding the 5-aminolevulinic acid, spermidine and betaine into the traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution, uniformly stirring and filling.
Example 4
A composition for improving stress resistance of tobacco comprises 1000 μmol of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 60mmol of spermidine and 7g of betaine per liter of composition, and the balance of Chinese medicinal extractive solution;
the traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution is prepared by steaming and extracting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 14 parts of nux vomica, 45 parts of tobacco stems, 3 parts of pepper, 17 parts of tea seed cakes, 9 parts of pyrethrum, 8 parts of ailanthus leaves and 22 parts of fibraurea stems.
The preparation method of the composition for improving the stress resistance of the tobacco comprises the following steps:
s1, putting traditional Chinese medicinal materials such as nux vomica, tobacco stems, pepper, tea seed cakes, pyrethrum, ailanthus altissima swingle leaves and fibraurea stem into a container, mashing, adding water 7 times of the mass of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and soaking for 3 hours; boiling for 2.5 hours; filtering to obtain Chinese medicinal extractive solution;
and S2, adding the 5-aminolevulinic acid, spermidine and betaine into the traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution, uniformly stirring and filling.
Example 5
A composition for improving stress resistance of tobacco comprises 1500 μmol of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 55mmol of spermidine and 6g of betaine per liter of composition, and the balance of Chinese medicinal extractive solution;
the traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution is prepared by steaming and extracting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 13 parts of nux vomica, 35 parts of cabo, 4 parts of pepper, 13 parts of tea seed cake, 8 parts of pyrethrum, 10 parts of ailanthus leaf and 19 parts of fibraurea stem.
The preparation method of the composition for improving the stress resistance of the tobacco comprises the following steps:
s1, putting traditional Chinese medicinal materials such as nux vomica, tobacco stems, pepper, tea seed cakes, pyrethrum, ailanthus altissima swingle leaves and fibraurea stem into a container, mashing, adding water with the mass 5 times of that of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and soaking for 3.5 hours; boiling for 3.5 hours; filtering to obtain Chinese medicinal extractive solution;
and S2, adding the 5-aminolevulinic acid, spermidine and betaine into the traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution, uniformly stirring and filling.
Example 6
A composition for improving stress resistance of tobacco comprises 1800 μmol of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 65mmol of spermidine and 8g of betaine per liter of composition, and the balance of Chinese medicinal extractive solution;
the traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution is prepared by steaming and extracting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 11 parts of nux vomica, 43 parts of tobacco stems, 3 parts of pepper, 16 parts of tea seed cakes, 10 parts of pyrethrum, 9 parts of ailanthus leaves and 21 parts of fibraurea stems.
The preparation method of the composition for improving the stress resistance of the tobacco comprises the following steps:
s1, putting traditional Chinese medicinal materials such as nux vomica, tobacco stems, pepper, tea seed cakes, pyrethrum, ailanthus altissima swingle leaves and fibraurea stem into a container, mashing, adding water with the mass 6.5 times of that of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and soaking for 4.5 hours; boiling for 3 hours; filtering to obtain Chinese medicinal extractive solution;
and S2, adding the 5-aminolevulinic acid, spermidine and betaine into the traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution, uniformly stirring and filling.
Comparative example 1
A composition for improving the stress resistance of tobacco contains 1800 mu mol of 5-aminolevulinic acid and 65mmol of spermidine per liter of composition.
Comparative example 2
A composition for improving stress resistance of tobacco comprises 200 μmol of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 30mmol of spermidine and 4g of betaine per liter of composition, and the balance of Chinese medicinal extractive solution;
the traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution is prepared by steaming and extracting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 11 parts of nux vomica, 43 parts of tobacco stems, 3 parts of pepper and 16 parts of tea seed cakes.
The preparation method of the composition for improving the stress resistance of the tobacco comprises the following steps:
s1, putting traditional Chinese medicinal materials such as nux vomica, tobacco stems, pepper, tea seed cakes and the like into a container, mashing the materials, adding water with the mass 6.5 times that of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and soaking the materials for 4.5 hours; boiling for 3 hours; filtering to obtain Chinese medicinal extractive solution;
and S2, adding the 5-aminolevulinic acid, spermidine and betaine into the traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution, uniformly stirring and filling.
To further verify the effect of the compositions of the present invention, the following experiments were used:
the test of tobacco test field of Puan town of Jiange county of Guangyuan city, sichuan province in 6-7 months in 2022 was carried out, the test variety was the tobacco variety 09011 specific to Guangyuan tobacco district, and polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) was purchased from Solebao biology GmbH. A total of 8 treatments (composition of examples 1-6 and composition of control 1-2, respectively) were set up using a fully randomized block trial, with 24 cells in each treatment in triplicate. The row spacing is about 110cm, the plant spacing is about 60cm, and 45 tobacco plants are planted in each cell. The fertility of the selected test field is moderate, the pH of the test soil is 7.05-7.3, the alkaline nitrogen in the soil is 128.34-135mg/kg, the organic matter is 32.28-34g/kg, the quick-acting potassium is 159.82-164mg/kg, and the quick-acting phosphorus is 49.59-45mg/kg;
the experimental process comprises the following steps: checking the soil, wherein the surface soil is monotonous below 6m, and the soil is not remoistened on the ground in the morning and is watered; at this time, watering was not performed, and the amount of one of the compositions of examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 2 was 1 liter per acre of land; the compositions of examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were each mixed with water in a ratio of 1; spraying the paint once every three days; spraying for 5 times; sampling agronomic characters, SOD, POD, CAT activity, proline content, soluble protein and root activity, and MDA content for determination; and simultaneously detecting the number of pests.
The results of the experiments are shown in the following table:
TABLE 1 influence of agronomic traits of examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-2 on flue-cured tobacco under drought stress
As can be seen from Table 1, the tobacco traits of the compositions of spray examples 1-6 were significantly higher than those of the tobacco of comparative examples 1, 2 under drought stress; can play a role in drought resistance and improve the quality and the yield of the tobacco.
Table 2 effects of examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-2 on root vigor and related enzyme activities of flue-cured tobacco under drought stress
As can be seen from Table 2, the content of the soluble protein in examples 1-6 was significantly increased by 20-40% as compared with that in comparative examples 1 and 2, indicating that the compositions of examples 1-6 have significant effect on increasing the soluble protein under drought stress. The root activity, POD content, SOD content, CAT content and NR content of the flue-cured tobacco are all improved under the regulation of the compositions of the embodiments 1 to 6; in summary, the compositions of examples 1-6 have significant effect on increasing the antioxidant enzyme content of flue-cured tobacco under drought stress, wherein the soluble protein content, root activity of flue-cured tobacco, POD content and CAT content are the highest in example 3, so the treatment is the best treatment.
Investigating the occurrence condition of tobacco diseases according to the national standard of GB/23222-2008 ' tobacco pest grading and investigation method ', ' investigating the incidence of diseases and plant diseases in each cell according to the local disease occurrence characteristics, beginning to investigate at the initial stage of disease occurrence, investigating every 5d, and continuously investigating for more than 4 times;
the results of the investigation are shown in table 3 below:
TABLE 3 Effect of examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-2 on the incidence of pest and disease damage in flue-cured tobacco
As can be seen from Table 3, the incidence rates of Alternaria alternate, aphids and oriental tobacco budworms in the experimental groups to which the compositions of examples 1-6 of the present invention were applied were all lower than those in the control groups of examples 1 and 2, and the insect pest control effect was significant.
In conclusion, the invention can improve the drought resistance of the tobacco, prevent and treat plant diseases and insect pests and improve the quality and the yield of the tobacco.
Claims (5)
1. A composition for improving the stress resistance of tobacco is characterized in that,
each liter of the composition comprises 500-2000 mu mol of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 40-70mmol of spermidine and 5-8g of betaine, and the balance is traditional Chinese medicine extract;
the traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution is prepared by steaming and extracting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of nux vomica, 30-50 parts of cabo, 1-5 parts of pepper, 10-20 parts of tea seed cake, 7-10 parts of pyrethrum, 5-15 parts of ailanthus leaf and 18-25 parts of fibraurea stem.
2. The composition for improving tobacco stress resistance according to claim 1, wherein each liter of the composition comprises 800-1000 μmol of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 50-60mmol of spermidine and 6-7g of betaine, and the balance is traditional Chinese medicine extract.
3. The composition for improving the stress resistance of tobacco according to claim 2, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution is prepared by steaming and extracting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12-14 parts of nux vomica, 40-45 parts of cabo, 2-3 parts of pepper, 15-17 parts of tea seed cake, 8-9 parts of pyrethrum, 8-12 parts of ailanthus leaf and 20-22 parts of fibraurea stem.
4. The preparation method of the composition for improving the stress resistance of the tobacco as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, putting traditional Chinese medicinal materials such as nux vomica, tobacco stems, pepper, tea seed cakes, pyrethrum, ailanthus altissima swingle leaves and fibraurea stem into a container, mashing, adding water with the mass of 5-8 times of that of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and soaking for 2-5 hours; boiling for 2-4 hr; filtering to obtain Chinese medicinal extractive solution;
and S2, adding the 5-aminolevulinic acid, spermidine and betaine into the traditional Chinese medicine extracting solution, uniformly stirring and filling.
5. The use method of the composition for improving the stress resistance of tobacco as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, is characterized in that the composition and water are mixed in a ratio of 1: mixing at a ratio of 80-120, and spraying; spraying 1 liter of the composition per mu of land.
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