CN114687882B - Loop type gas-liquid coupling thermo-acoustic system - Google Patents
Loop type gas-liquid coupling thermo-acoustic system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114687882B CN114687882B CN202011598514.3A CN202011598514A CN114687882B CN 114687882 B CN114687882 B CN 114687882B CN 202011598514 A CN202011598514 A CN 202011598514A CN 114687882 B CN114687882 B CN 114687882B
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 29
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
- F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
- F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B23/00—Machines, plants or systems, with a single mode of operation not covered by groups F25B1/00 - F25B21/00, e.g. using selective radiation effect
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G2243/00—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes
- F02G2243/30—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes having their pistons and displacers each in separate cylinders
- F02G2243/50—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes having their pistons and displacers each in separate cylinders having resonance tubes
- F02G2243/54—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes having their pistons and displacers each in separate cylinders having resonance tubes thermo-acoustic
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
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- Electrostatic, Electromagnetic, Magneto- Strictive, And Variable-Resistance Transducers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of thermoacoustic, and discloses a loop type gas-liquid coupling thermoacoustic system which comprises a plurality of thermoacoustic units which are sequentially connected to form a loop, wherein a gas-liquid resonator is arranged on the loop in series, the gas-liquid resonator comprises a U-shaped pipe and a liquid vibrator arranged in the U-shaped pipe, and a bypass pipe is further connected to the U-shaped pipe. According to the loop type gas-liquid coupling thermo-acoustic system, gas and liquid are adopted as vibrators of the resonator, so that high mass inertial acoustic sense of the liquid vibrators and high compressible acoustic capacity of the gas vibrators are effectively utilized, acoustic oscillation is enhanced, and efficiency of the system is improved; and a bypass structure is additionally arranged on the U-shaped gas-liquid resonator, so that the limit of different system optimal volume scavenging amounts caused by different temperatures of a compression cavity and an expansion cavity of the system on efficiency improvement is effectively improved, and the efficiency of the system is further improved under the adjustment of the bypass structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of thermoacoustic, in particular to a loop type gas-liquid coupling thermoacoustic system.
Background
The thermo-acoustic technology is a novel energy conversion technology and has wide application space in the fields of solar power generation or refrigeration, waste heat recovery and utilization, natural gas liquefaction, cryogenic refrigeration and the like. Thermoacoustic effects are physical phenomena that cause acoustic self-oscillation in an elastic medium (typically a high-pressure inert gas) by heat. The thermo-acoustic heat engine comprises a thermo-acoustic engine and a thermo-acoustic refrigerator. The thermo-acoustic engine generates acoustic waves (a kind of mechanical energy) using external thermal energy based on thermo-acoustic effects. The thermoacoustic refrigerator pumps heat from a low temperature end to a high temperature end by utilizing external pressure fluctuation based on an acoustic refrigeration effect, and obtains a refrigeration or pump heating effect. The thermoacoustic heat engine is an external combustion type heat engine, can be driven by external low-grade heat energy, adopts inert gases such as helium, argon, nitrogen and the like as working media, and is environment-friendly and pollution-free. In addition, the thermoacoustic heat engine is a novel heat engine for realizing thermoacoustic conversion by utilizing thermoacoustic effect, can convert heat into mechanical energy or generate temperature difference by using the mechanical energy, generally consists of a heat exchanger, a thermoacoustic core conversion unit (plate stack/regenerator) and an empty tube section (a thermal buffer tube and a resonance tube), and has no mechanical moving parts, thus having the advantages of low processing cost, high reliability, low vibration, long service life, cleanness, no pollution and the like.
In recent years, modern industries such as space technology and information technology place higher demands on efficiency, life and reliability of refrigeration and power generation systems. However, the split Stirling refrigerator and the G-M refrigerator widely applied to the current refrigeration system have certain defects in reliability, service life, efficiency and the like due to the existence of moving parts, so that the further development of the split Stirling refrigerator and the G-M refrigerator is limited.
Most of the existing thermo-acoustic systems have higher starting temperature difference and lower thermo-acoustic conversion efficiency, the whole system is huge, the existing thermo-acoustic refrigeration systems often need to work under the condition of higher heating temperature, and compared with the traditional thermo-acoustic refrigeration systems, the existing thermo-acoustic systems have no advantages in efficiency, so that popularization and application of the thermo-acoustic systems are limited. Therefore, the improvement of the overall efficiency of the thermo-acoustic system is of great significance to the thermo-acoustic system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-efficiency loop type gas-liquid coupling thermo-acoustic system, which is used for solving the problem of lower overall efficiency of the traditional thermo-acoustic system.
The invention provides a high-efficiency loop type gas-liquid coupling thermo-acoustic system which comprises a plurality of thermo-acoustic units which are sequentially connected to form a loop, wherein a gas-liquid resonator is arranged on the loop in series, the gas-liquid resonator comprises a U-shaped pipe and a liquid vibrator arranged in the U-shaped pipe, and a bypass pipe is further connected to the U-shaped pipe.
According to the high-efficiency loop type gas-liquid coupling thermo-acoustic system provided by the invention, the bypass pipe is connected to the middle part of the U-shaped pipe.
According to the high-efficiency loop type gas-liquid coupling thermo-acoustic system provided by the invention, one end of the bypass pipe is connected with the U-shaped pipe, the other end of the bypass pipe is provided with the liquid storage section, and the section size of the liquid storage section is larger than that of one end, connected with the U-shaped pipe, of the bypass pipe.
According to the efficient loop type gas-liquid coupling thermo-acoustic system provided by the invention, the inside of the loop is respectively provided with the elastic blocking structures at the two sides of the liquid vibrator.
According to the high-efficiency loop-type gas-liquid coupling thermo-acoustic system provided by the invention, the elastic blocking structure comprises an elastic membrane or a floater.
According to the high-efficiency loop type gas-liquid coupling thermo-acoustic system provided by the invention, the U-shaped pipe is respectively provided with the buffer sections at the two sides of the liquid vibrator, and the section size of the buffer sections is larger than that of the corresponding parts of the U-shaped pipe and the liquid vibrator.
According to the efficient loop type gas-liquid coupling thermo-acoustic system provided by the invention, the gas-liquid resonators are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the thermo-acoustic units.
According to the high-efficiency loop-type gas-liquid coupled thermo-acoustic system provided by the invention, the thermo-acoustic unit comprises a thermo-acoustic engine.
According to the high-efficiency loop-type gas-liquid coupling thermo-acoustic system provided by the invention, the thermo-acoustic unit further comprises a thermo-acoustic refrigerator, and the thermo-acoustic refrigerator is connected to the loop by itself or is connected to the loop in series.
According to the high-efficiency loop-type gas-liquid coupled thermo-acoustic system provided by the invention, the thermo-acoustic unit further comprises a generator, and the generator is connected with the loop by side.
According to the high-efficiency loop type gas-liquid coupling thermo-acoustic system, gas and liquid are adopted as vibrators of the resonator, so that high-mass inertial acoustic sense of the liquid vibrators and high-compressibility acoustic capacity of the gas vibrators are effectively utilized, acoustic oscillation is enhanced, and efficiency of the system is improved; the bypass structure is additionally arranged on the U-shaped gas-liquid coupling resonator, so that the difference of the optimal scavenging amount of the system caused by different temperatures of the compression cavity and the expansion cavity of the system can be effectively improved, the problem that the optimal scavenging volumetric flow ratio and the phase requirement needed by the inlet and outlet of the thermoacoustic engine or the thermoacoustic refrigerator of the existing loop-type thermoacoustic system are not matched with those of the ideal thermoacoustic engine or refrigerator is solved, and the efficiency of the system is further improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an example application of a thermo-acoustic system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a gas-liquid resonator according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a gas-liquid resonator according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a thermo-acoustic system according to the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of still another application example of the thermo-acoustic system provided by the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1. An engine room temperature heat exchanger; 2. an engine regenerator; 3. a hot end heat exchanger of the engine; 4. a thermal buffer tube; 5. a refrigerator room temperature heat exchanger; 6. a refrigerator regenerator; 7. a cold end heat exchanger of the refrigerator; 8. a refrigerator pulse tube; 9. a connecting pipe; 10. a gas-liquid resonator; 101. a buffer section; 11. a liquid vibrator; 12. a bypass pipe; 121. a liquid storage section; 13. an elastic film; 14. a gas vibrator; 15. an engine main room temperature heat exchanger; 16. an engine regenerator; 17. a hot end heat exchanger of the engine; 18. an engine thermal buffer tube; 19. an engine sub-room temperature heat exchanger; 20. a connecting pipe; 21. a main room temperature heat exchanger of the refrigerator; 22. a refrigerator regenerator; 23. a cold end heat exchanger of the refrigerator; 24. a refrigerator thermal buffer tube; 25. a secondary room temperature heat exchanger of the refrigerator; 26. an inertial air reservoir; 27. a gas-liquid resonator; 28. an engine main room temperature heat exchanger; 29. an engine regenerator; 30. a hot end heat exchanger of the engine; 31. an engine thermal buffer tube; 32. an engine sub-room temperature heat exchanger; 33. a linear motor; 34. a gas-liquid resonator.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The efficient loop-type gas-liquid coupled thermo-acoustic system of the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 1-5.
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a high-efficiency loop-type gas-liquid coupled thermo-acoustic system, which includes a plurality of thermo-acoustic units sequentially connected to form a loop, and a gas-liquid resonator 10 is serially connected to the loop. Referring to fig. 2, the gas-liquid resonator 10 includes a U-shaped tube and a liquid vibrator 11 provided inside the U-shaped tube, and a bypass tube 12 is further connected to the U-shaped tube. The bypass pipe 12 communicates with the U-shaped pipe. The U-shaped tube is internally provided with a gas vibrator. The U-shaped pipe is communicated with the inside of the loop.
The high-efficiency loop type gas-liquid coupling thermo-acoustic system provided by the embodiment adopts the gas and the liquid as the vibrators of the resonator, effectively utilizes the high mass inertia acoustic sense of the liquid vibrators and the high compressibility acoustic capacity of the gas vibrators, strengthens the acoustic oscillation, and improves the efficiency of the system; the bypass structure is additionally arranged on the U-shaped gas-liquid coupling resonator, so that the difference of the optimal scavenging amount of the system caused by different temperatures of the compression cavity and the expansion cavity of the system can be effectively improved, the problem that the optimal scavenging volumetric flow ratio and the phase requirement needed by the inlet and outlet of the thermoacoustic engine or the thermoacoustic refrigerator of the existing loop-type thermoacoustic system are not matched with those of the ideal thermoacoustic engine or refrigerator is solved, and the efficiency of the system is further improved. The two side spaces separated by the liquid vibrator 11 on the loop are a compression cavity and an expansion cavity respectively.
Further to the above embodiment, referring to fig. 2, the bypass pipe 12 is connected to the middle portion of the U-shaped pipe. I.e. the U-shaped pipe is symmetrical with respect to the by-pass pipe 12.
Further, referring to fig. 2 and3, one end of the bypass pipe 12 is connected to the U-shaped pipe, and the other end is provided with the liquid storage section 121, and the cross-sectional size of the liquid storage section 121 is larger than that of the end of the bypass pipe 12 connected to the U-shaped pipe. I.e. the cross-sectional size of the reservoir 121 is larger than the cross-sectional size of the rest of the bypass tube 12. The liquid storage capacity of the bypass pipe 12 can be improved, and the improvement effect of the problem that the optimal scavenging volumetric flow proportion and the phase requirement needed by the compression cavity and the expansion cavity of the system are not matched is ensured. Further, the end of the bypass pipe 12 opposite to the end connected to the U-shaped pipe is closed.
Further, with reference to fig. 2 and 3, on the basis of the above embodiment, the loop is internally provided with elastic blocking structures on both sides of the liquid vibrator 11, respectively. The two-sided elastic blocking structure limits the liquid vibrator 11 between the two-sided elastic blocking structures for suppressing the acoustic dc phenomenon and preventing liquid from splashing to affect the system performance.
Further to the above embodiments, the elastic blocking structure comprises an elastic membrane 13 or a float.
Further, referring to fig. 3, buffer sections 101 are respectively disposed on two sides of the liquid vibrator 11 in the U-shaped tube, and the cross-sectional dimension of the buffer sections 101 is larger than the cross-sectional dimension of the corresponding position of the U-shaped tube and the liquid vibrator. I.e. the cross-sectional dimensions of the buffer section 101 on the U-shaped tube are larger than the cross-sectional dimensions of the other parts. The buffer section 101 may be provided to buffer the turbulence of the liquid surface. The buffer section 101 is provided above the liquid surface of the liquid vibrator 11.
Further, referring to fig. 1, the gas-liquid resonators 10 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the thermo-acoustic units on the basis of the above-described embodiments. I.e. the number of gas-liquid resonators 10 arranged on the loop is the same as the number of thermo-acoustic units. Each thermo-acoustic unit is connected to a gas-liquid resonator 10.
Further, on the basis of the above embodiment, the thermo-acoustic unit includes a thermo-acoustic engine. Multiple thermo-acoustic units are connected to form a loop to facilitate system performance.
Further, the thermoacoustic unit further includes a thermoacoustic refrigerator, and the thermoacoustic refrigerator is connected to the loop by itself or connected to the loop in series.
Further, on the basis of the above embodiment, the thermo-acoustic unit further comprises a generator, which is connected to the loop.
The instant thermo-acoustic unit may comprise a thermo-acoustic engine and an implement structure connected in series or by-connected to the loop; the implement may include a thermo-acoustic refrigerator or a generator. The system can adopt the form of bypass connection or direct connection refrigerator and bypass connection generator, and is widely applicable to the generator and refrigerator systems driven by loop type thermoacoustic.
Referring to fig. 1, a direct-connection four-stage loop traveling wave thermo-acoustic refrigeration system is provided in this embodiment. The system comprises four basic units, each comprising in turn a thermo-acoustic engine, a thermo-acoustic refrigerator and a gas-liquid resonator 10. When the thermo-acoustic refrigerator is connected in series with the loop, the thermo-acoustic engine consists of an engine room temperature heat exchanger 1, an engine heat regenerator 2 and an engine hot end heat exchanger 3; the thermoacoustic refrigerator consists of a refrigerator chamber temperature heat exchanger 5, a refrigerator heat regenerator 6, a refrigerator cold end heat exchanger 7 and a refrigerator pulse tube 8; the thermo-acoustic engine is connected to the thermo-acoustic refrigerator directly through the thermal buffer tube 4. The basic units are connected by a connecting pipe 9 to form a loop. Referring to fig. 2, the gas-liquid resonator is composed of a liquid vibrator 11, a bypass pipe 12, an elastic membrane 13, and a gas vibrator 14. The elastic rubber film is used for inhibiting the sound direct current phenomenon and preventing liquid from splashing to influence the performance of the machine, but the elastic rubber film is not limited to the elastic rubber film, and modes such as a floater, a pipe diameter sectional area expanding to buffer the liquid level turbulence phenomenon and the like can be adopted.
Particularly, the system is additionally provided with the bypass pipe 12 in the U-shaped gas-liquid coupling resonator, so that the problem of mismatching of the optimal scavenging volumetric flow proportion and the phase required by the inlet and the outlet of the thermoacoustic engine or the refrigerator due to uneven temperature of the expansion cavity and the compression cavity is solved, and the efficiency of the system is improved. The specific explanation is as follows: in the system operation process, the liquid working medium separates the two ends of the U-shaped gas-liquid coupling resonator into a compression cavity and an expansion cavity, the temperature T 1 of the expansion cavity is higher than the temperature T 2 of the compression cavity, so that the gas density rho 1 of the expansion cavity is lower than the gas density rho 2 of the compression cavity, the mass flow rate at the two ends of the resonator is certain, and the mass conservation law is adopted: ρ 1V1＝ρ2V2,ρ1＜ρ2, the available expansion chamber volume V 1 is larger than the compression chamber volume V 2. Therefore, in order to avoid the mismatch of the optimal scavenging volume flow ratio and the phase required by the inlet and the outlet of the thermoacoustic engine or the thermoacoustic refrigerator and the ideal thermoacoustic engine or the refrigerator, the bypass pipe 12 is additionally arranged in the middle of the U-shaped pipe for adjustment, and the efficiency of the system can be effectively improved.
The working principle of the system is as follows: the engine high-temperature heat exchanger 3 of the thermo-acoustic engine is heated by an external heat source, the engine room-temperature heat exchanger 1 is cooled by room-temperature cooling water, so that a temperature gradient exists in the engine heat regenerator 2, a time-average energy effect is generated between the acoustic oscillation formed by the compressible gas working medium in the engine heat regenerator 2 and the solid filling material due to thermal interaction, when the axial temperature gradient exceeds a critical value, self-excitation thermo-acoustic oscillation starts, acoustic power generated by the thermo-acoustic engine is transmitted to the thermo-acoustic refrigerator to generate a refrigeration effect, and the residual acoustic power is transmitted to the next basic unit through the bypass type gas-liquid coupling resonator to form circulation. Particularly, in the direct-connection four-stage loop traveling wave thermo-acoustic refrigeration system provided by the embodiment, the thermo-acoustic engine is directly connected with the thermo-acoustic refrigerator, the middle resonance tube is omitted, and the structure is more compact. The thermoacoustic engine generates acoustic power to directly drive the thermoacoustic refrigerator, and then the acoustic power is fed back to the next unit through the resonance mechanism, so that loss of the acoustic power in the resonance tube can be reduced, and the thermal refrigeration coefficient of the system is improved.
Besides the above structural flow directly connecting the refrigerator in the loop, the refrigerator can also be connected by the side of the refrigerator in the loop. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a bypass-type three-stage loop thermo-acoustic refrigeration system according to the present embodiment. The system has the same function as the direct-connection four-stage loop traveling wave thermo-acoustic refrigerating system, and comprises three basic units which are connected in sequence. Each basic unit sequentially comprises a thermo-acoustic engine, a thermo-acoustic refrigerator and a bypass type gas-liquid coupling resonator. When the thermoacoustic refrigerator is connected to the loop, the thermoacoustic engine consists of an engine main room temperature heat exchanger 15, an engine heat regenerator 16, an engine hot end heat exchanger 17, an engine heat buffer tube 18 and an engine secondary room temperature heat exchanger 19; the thermoacoustic refrigerator consists of a refrigerator main room temperature heat exchanger 21, a refrigerator heat regenerator 22, a refrigerator cold end heat exchanger 23, a refrigerator heat buffer tube 24, a refrigerator secondary room temperature heat exchanger 25 and an inertial gas reservoir 26; wherein the thermo-acoustic refrigerator is bypass at the thermo-acoustic engine outlet through a connecting pipe 20. The gas-liquid resonator 27 is composed of a liquid vibrator, a bypass pipe, an elastic membrane and gas; the structure is identical to that shown in fig. 2. The elastic rubber film is used for inhibiting the sound direct current phenomenon and preventing liquid from splashing to influence the performance of the machine, but the elastic rubber film is not limited to the elastic rubber film, and modes such as a floater, a pipe diameter sectional area expanding to buffer the liquid level turbulence phenomenon and the like can be adopted.
Particularly, the system is provided with the bypass pipe in the U-shaped gas-liquid coupling resonator, so that the phenomenon of mismatching of the optimal scavenging volumetric flow ratio and the phase of the expansion cavity and the compression cavity is improved, and the efficiency of the system is improved. The specific explanation is as follows: in the system operation process, the liquid working medium separates the two ends of the U-shaped gas-liquid coupling resonator into a compression cavity and an expansion cavity, the temperature T 1 of the expansion cavity is higher than the temperature T 2 of the compression cavity, so that the gas density rho 1 of the expansion cavity is lower than the gas density rho 2 of the compression cavity, the mass flow rate at the two ends of the resonator is certain, and the mass conservation law is adopted: ρ 1V1＝ρ2V2,ρ1＜ρ2, the available expansion chamber volume V 1 is larger than the compression chamber volume V 2. Therefore, in order to avoid mismatching of the optimal scavenging volume flow ratio and the phase required by the inlet and the outlet of the thermoacoustic engine or the thermoacoustic refrigerator and the ideal thermoacoustic engine or the refrigerator, a bypass pipe is additionally arranged in the middle of the U-shaped pipe for adjustment, and the efficiency of the system can be effectively improved.
The working principle of the system is as follows: the engine hot end heat exchanger 17 of the thermo-acoustic engine is heated by an external heat source, the engine main room temperature heat exchanger 15 and the engine secondary room temperature heat exchanger 19 are cooled by room temperature cooling water, so that a temperature difference exists in the engine heat regenerator 16, a time-average energy effect is generated between the sound oscillation formed by the compressible gas working medium in the engine heat regenerator 16 and the solid filling material due to thermal interaction, when the axial temperature gradient exceeds a critical value, self-excited thermo-acoustic oscillation starts, the sound work generated by the thermo-acoustic engine is transferred to the thermo-acoustic refrigerator to generate a refrigerating effect, and the residual sound work is transferred to the next basic unit through the bypass type gas-liquid coupling resonator to form circulation.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a three-stage loop thermoacoustic power generation system according to the present embodiment. The system comprises three basic units connected in sequence, each of which comprises in sequence a thermo-acoustic engine, a linear motor and a gas-liquid resonator 34. The generator is connected to the loop by the side, and the thermo-acoustic engine is composed of an engine main room temperature heat exchanger 28, an engine regenerator 29, an engine hot end heat exchanger 30, an engine thermal buffer tube 31 and an engine sub room temperature heat exchanger 32. The gas-liquid resonator 34 is composed of a liquid vibrator, a bypass pipe, an elastic membrane and a gas, and the specific structure is shown in fig. 2. The elastic rubber film is used for inhibiting the sound direct current phenomenon and preventing liquid from splashing to influence the performance of the machine, but the elastic rubber film is not limited to the elastic rubber film, and modes such as a floater, a pipe diameter sectional area expanding to buffer the liquid level turbulence phenomenon and the like can be adopted. In addition, the system adds the bypass pipe in the U-shaped gas-liquid coupling resonator, improves the phenomenon of mismatching of the optimal scavenging volumetric flow ratio and the phase of the expansion cavity and the compression cavity, and improves the efficiency of the system. The linear motor 33 is connected by itself between the thermo-acoustic engine and the by-pass gas-liquid coupled resonator 34.
The working principle of the system is as follows: the engine hot side heat exchanger 30 is heated by a heat source, and the engine main room temperature heat exchanger 28 and the engine sub room temperature heat exchanger 32 are cooled by room temperature cooling water, so that a temperature difference exists in the engine regenerator 29. When the axial temperature gradient exceeds a critical value, self-excitation thermoacoustic oscillation starts, the acoustic power generated by the thermoacoustic engine directly drives the linear motor 33 to generate power, and the rest acoustic power is transmitted to the next basic unit through the bypass type gas-liquid resonator 34 to form a cycle. In particular, the linear motor adopts bypass connection type, has wider impedance matching property with the engine, and is widely applicable to high-temperature heat sources and medium-low-temperature heat sources.
On the basis of the embodiment, most of the existing thermo-acoustic systems at present adopt gas resonators, and because the density of the gas working medium is smaller, the acoustic sense is smaller, so that the working frequency and the pressure ratio of the system are higher, and the efficiency of the system is lower. Specifically, from the viewpoint of electroacoustic analogy, the operating frequency of the system isAmplitude of pressure fluctuation P/>In direct proportion, where L is sound sensation and C is sound volume. For conventional gas resonators,/>Wherein L g is gas sound sense, ρ g is gas density, L g is resonator length, and A is resonator sectional area.
Because the density of the gas working medium is lower, the sound feeling of the gas resonator is smaller, and then the working frequency of the system is higher, the sound power loss is larger, and the operation efficiency is lower. In the gas-liquid coupling type thermo-acoustic system, the liquid working medium has higher density and larger acoustic inertia compared with the gas working medium, so that the efficiency of the system is improved, the starting temperature and the frequency are reduced, but the liquid working medium divides the two ends of the gas-liquid coupling resonator into a compression cavity and an expansion cavity, the two cavities have different internal gas densities caused by different temperatures, different pressures are generated, and the optimal scavenging volumetric flow ratio and phase required by an inlet and an outlet of an ideal thermo-acoustic engine or a thermo-acoustic refrigerator in actual operation are not matched, so that the system efficiency is reduced, and further development of the system is limited.
The improvement of the overall efficiency of the thermoacoustic system has important significance for the thermoacoustic power generation or refrigeration system. Aiming at the problems, the invention adopts the gas-liquid coupled resonator to replace the traditional gas resonator tube, and fully utilizes the high mass inertial acoustic sense of the liquid vibrator and the high compressibility acoustic capacity of the gas vibrator to form a gas-liquid coupled thermo-acoustic driving refrigerating system, thereby strengthening acoustic oscillation, reducing working frequency and reducing acoustic power loss. Meanwhile, by additionally arranging the bypass structure on the U-shaped gas-liquid coupling resonator, the problem that the optimal scavenging volumetric flow ratio and the phase requirement of an inlet and an outlet of a thermoacoustic engine or a refrigerating machine are not matched due to different temperatures of a compression cavity and an expansion cavity of the system can be effectively solved, and further the system can obtain higher efficiency. The system can take the form of a bypass or direct connection refrigerator and a bypass generator. Thus, the embodiments of the present invention are broadly applicable to loop thermoacoustic driven generator, chiller systems.
In the embodiment, the original gas resonance mechanism is changed into a bypass type gas-liquid coupling resonator, and a bypass pipe is additionally arranged in the middle of a U-shaped pipe, so that the condition that the efficiency of the system is reduced due to mismatching of the optimal scavenging volumetric flow ratio required by the inlet and outlet of a thermoacoustic engine or a refrigerator and the phase requirement caused by different temperatures of a compression cavity and an expansion cavity in the actual operation of the system is avoided. The proposed embodiments are widely applicable to loop-type thermo-acoustic driven generators, loop-type thermo-acoustic driven chiller systems. The gas in the bypass type gas-liquid coupling resonator can adopt various inert gases such as helium, nitrogen, argon and the like, and is environment-friendly and pollution-free. The system can adopt the structural forms of fig. 1, 4 and 5, wherein the number of the loop system loop is N, and N thermo-acoustic units with the same structure are connected end to end through a bypass type gas-liquid coupling resonator to form a loop structure, and N=a positive integer in the range of 1-10. The refrigerator is directly connected with the engine in a bypass or series connection mode, a phase modulator between the engine and the refrigerator is omitted, and sound power loss is reduced. The linear generator adopts bypass connection, has wider matching property with the engine, and is suitable for high-temperature and medium-temperature heat sources.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The loop type gas-liquid coupling thermo-acoustic system is characterized by comprising a plurality of thermo-acoustic units which are sequentially connected to form a loop, wherein a gas-liquid resonator is arranged on the loop in series, the gas-liquid resonator comprises a U-shaped pipe and a liquid vibrator arranged in the U-shaped pipe, and a bypass pipe is further communicated with the U-shaped pipe; the bypass pipe is connected to the middle part of the U-shaped pipe, and the opposite end of one end of the bypass pipe connected with the U-shaped pipe is closed.
2. The loop-type gas-liquid coupled thermo-acoustic system according to claim 1, wherein one end of the bypass pipe is connected to the U-shaped pipe, and a liquid storage section is provided at the other end of the bypass pipe, and the cross-sectional dimension of the liquid storage section is larger than the cross-sectional dimension of the end of the bypass pipe connected to the U-shaped pipe.
3. The loop-type gas-liquid coupled thermo-acoustic system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the loop is internally provided with elastic blocking structures at both sides of the liquid vibrator, respectively.
4. The loop-type gas-liquid coupled thermo-acoustic system according to claim 3, wherein the elastic blocking structure comprises an elastic membrane or a float.
5. The loop-type gas-liquid coupling thermo-acoustic system according to claim 3, wherein the U-shaped tube is provided with buffer sections on both sides of the liquid vibrator, and the cross-sectional dimension of the buffer sections is larger than that of the corresponding parts of the U-shaped tube and the liquid vibrator.
6. The loop-type gas-liquid coupled thermo-acoustic system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the gas-liquid resonators are provided in one-to-one correspondence with the thermo-acoustic units.
7. The loop-type gas-liquid coupled thermo-acoustic system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the thermo-acoustic unit comprises a thermo-acoustic engine.
8. The loop-type gas-liquid coupled thermo-acoustic system according to claim 7, wherein the thermo-acoustic unit further comprises a thermo-acoustic refrigerator that is either bypass the loop or in series with the loop.
9. The loop-type gas-liquid coupled thermo-acoustic system according to claim 7, wherein the thermo-acoustic unit further comprises a generator that is bypassed to the loop.
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| CN203883658U (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2014-10-15 | 浙江大学 | Thermoacoustic three-phase AC power generating system driven by dual-temperature heat source |
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| CN101260871A (en) * | 2008-04-09 | 2008-09-10 | 浙江大学 | Gas-liquid two-phase working substance coupled vibrations type thermo-acoustic engine |
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