CN114393309B - Welding material and method for preparing titanium-steel gradient structure by compounding laser and electric arc - Google Patents

Welding material and method for preparing titanium-steel gradient structure by compounding laser and electric arc Download PDF

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CN114393309B
CN114393309B CN202210025485.4A CN202210025485A CN114393309B CN 114393309 B CN114393309 B CN 114393309B CN 202210025485 A CN202210025485 A CN 202210025485A CN 114393309 B CN114393309 B CN 114393309B
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powder
welding
layer
titanium
steel
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CN114393309A (en
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褚巧玲
李毅
曹齐鲁
张敏
李继红
赵鹏康
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Baoji Jucheng Titanium Industry Co ltd
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Baoji Jucheng Titanium Industry Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
    • B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
    • B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
    • B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
    • B23K35/0266—Rods, electrodes, wires flux-cored
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/302—Cu as the principal constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
    • B23K2103/24—Ferrous alloys and titanium or alloys thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a welding material for preparing a titanium-steel gradient structure by compounding laser and electric arc, which comprises near-steel layer laser cladding powder, near-titanium layer laser cladding powder and copper-based welding wires for electric arc welding; the welding material is specially used for solving the cracking problem caused by metallurgical incompatibility in the preparation process of the titanium-steel structure. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the welding material for preparing the titanium-steel gradient structure by combining the laser and the electric arc, and a preparation method of the titanium-steel gradient structure by combining the laser and the electric arc.

Description

Welding material and method for preparing titanium-steel gradient structure by compounding laser and electric arc
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal materials, and particularly relates to a welding material for preparing a titanium-steel gradient structure by compounding laser and electric arc, and also relates to a preparation method of the welding material for preparing the titanium-steel gradient structure by compounding laser and electric arc and a preparation method of the titanium-steel gradient structure by compounding laser and electric arc.
Background
The heterogeneous structure of titanium and steel has the excellent corrosion resistance of titanium and the high strength of steel, and is an ideal choice in petrochemical industry. However, in the process of preparing the titanium-steel structure, the reaction of Ti and Fe is unavoidable, so that brittle intermetallic compounds are generated, and the performance of the titanium-steel composite structure is affected. Therefore, development of a transition layer welding material is a precondition for preparing a titanium-steel gradient structure.
The transition layer weld material forms a strong titanium-steel gradient joint by inhibiting or preventing reaction between Ti and Fe. However, the study finds that the single transition layer material has certain limitations in preparing the titanium-steel gradient structure, such as being incapable of fundamentally blocking the diffusion paths of Ti and Fe elements. In addition, the preparation of the titanium-steel gradient structure is generally carried out by adopting an arc welding method, and the method has the advantages of flexible operation, high efficiency and the like. However, when a single arc welding is adopted to prepare the titanium-steel gradient structure, the heat input is relatively high during the arc welding, so that the matrix is more melted, and the performance of the whole structure is affected.
In summary, in order to obtain the high-quality titanium-steel gradient structure, various welding materials are adopted from the start of welding materials and welding processes, and various welding processes are matched, so that the respective advantages are fully exerted, and the performance of the titanium-steel gradient structure is comprehensively regulated and controlled.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a welding material for preparing a titanium-steel gradient structure by combining laser and electric arc, which is specially used for solving the cracking problem caused by metallurgical incompatibility in the preparation process of the titanium-steel structure.
The second object of the invention is to provide a method for preparing the welding material for the titanium-steel gradient structure by combining laser and electric arc.
The third object of the invention is to provide a preparation method for preparing the titanium-steel gradient structure by combining laser and electric arc.
The first technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the welding material for the titanium-steel gradient structure is prepared by compounding laser and electric arc, and comprises near-steel layer laser cladding powder, near-titanium layer laser cladding powder and copper-based welding wires for electric arc welding;
Wherein, the near steel layer laser cladding powder comprises the following components by mass percent: 60.0-70.0% of Ni powder, 20.0-30.0% of Cu powder and 10.0-20.0% of Fe powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
The near-titanium layer laser cladding powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40.0-60.0% of V powder, 20.0-30.0% of Nb powder, 10.0-20.0% of Ag powder, 10.0-20.0% of B powder, and 100% of the sum of the components in percentage by mass;
The copper-based welding wire for arc welding comprises medicinal powder and welding skin, wherein the medicinal powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20.0-30.0% of Nb powder, 10.0-20.0% of Co powder, 10.0-20.0% of Ag powder, 5.0-10.0% of Mo powder, 5.0-10.0% of B powder, 5.0-10.0% of Si powder, 5.0-10.0% of Mn powder and the balance of Cu powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
The purity of the near-steel layer laser cladding powder and the near-titanium layer laser cladding powder is more than or equal to 99.9 percent.
The granularity of the powder used for the copper-based welding wire for arc welding is 100-200 meshes.
The welding skin of the copper-based welding wire for arc welding is a red copper belt, the thickness is 0.4mm, and the width is 7mm.
The powder filling rate of the copper-based welding wire for arc welding is controlled to be 20-25wt%.
The second technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the preparation method for preparing the welding material for the titanium-steel gradient structure by compounding laser and electric arc comprises the following steps:
(1) The preparation method of the near steel layer laser cladding powder comprises the following steps:
step 1: respectively weighing 60.0-70.0% of Ni powder, 20.0-30.0% of Cu powder and 10.0-20.0% of Fe powder according to mass percentages, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
Step 2: mixing the alloy powders of the raw materials in the step 1, vacuum smelting, and pulverizing by adopting an air atomization method; in the step 2, vacuum smelting equipment is adopted, N 2 is used as atomizing gas, the atomizing pressure is 6MPa, and the superheat degree of a melt is kept between 100 ℃ and 150 ℃ in the atomizing process;
Step 3: carrying out granularity screening on the atomized alloy powder to ensure that the screened alloy powder is in a certain granularity range; in the step 3, the particle size range of the screened alloy powder is 25-53 mu m, namely 270-500 meshes; the fluidity requirement of the sieved alloy powder is 25-40 s/100g;
Step 4: vacuum packaging the prepared powder for later use;
(2) The preparation method of the near-titanium layer laser cladding powder comprises the following specific steps:
Step 1: the composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40.0-60.0% of V powder, 20.0-30.0% of Nb powder, 10.0-20.0% of Ag powder, 10.0-20.0% of B powder, and 100% of the sum of the components in percentage by mass;
Step 2: mixing the alloy powders of the raw materials in the step 1, vacuum smelting, and pulverizing by adopting an air atomization method; in the step 2, vacuum smelting equipment is adopted, N 2 is used as atomizing gas, the atomizing pressure is 6MPa, and the superheat degree of a melt is kept between 100 ℃ and 150 ℃ in the atomizing process;
Step 3: carrying out granularity screening on the atomized alloy powder to ensure that the screened alloy powder is in a certain granularity range; in the step 3, the particle size range of the screened alloy powder is 25-53 mu m, namely 270-500 meshes; the fluidity requirement of the sieved alloy powder is 25-40 s/100g;
Step 4: vacuum packaging the prepared powder for later use;
(3) The preparation method of the copper-based welding wire for arc welding comprises the following specific steps:
Step 1: respectively weighing 20.0-30.0% of Nb powder, 10.0-20.0% of Co powder, 10.0-20.0% of Ag powder, 5.0-10.0% of Mo powder, 5.0-10.0% of B powder, 5.0-10.0% of Si powder, 5.0-10.0% of Mn powder and the balance of Cu powder according to the mass percentage, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
Step 2: heating the powder weighed in the step 1 in a vacuum heating furnace at 200-250 ℃ for 1-3 hours to remove crystal water in the powder; placing the dried medicinal powder into a powder mixer for full mixing for 2-6 hours;
Step 3: removing grease on the surface of the copper strip by adopting alcohol, wrapping the medicinal powder prepared in the step 2 in the copper strip by using flux-cored wire drawing equipment, wherein the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6mm;
step 4: after the first procedure is finished, the aperture of the die is sequentially reduced, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 mm is obtained;
Step 5: after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for standby.
The third technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the preparation method for preparing the titanium-steel gradient structure by compounding laser and electric arc is that the welding material for preparing the titanium-steel gradient structure by compounding the laser and the electric arc is adopted to prepare the titanium-steel gradient structure by compounding the laser and the electric arc on a steel substrate, and the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Firstly, overlaying a steel matrix, selecting an ER50-6 welding wire, wherein the welding current is 180-200A, the thickness of the overlaying layer is 5-7 mm, and the interlayer temperature is below 100 ℃ so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the overlaying layer;
(2) Then, the preparation of the transition layer is completed by a three-step method: the method comprises the steps of firstly, adopting the near steel layer laser cladding powder to carry out laser cladding, wherein the laser power is 3kW, and the cladding layer thickness is 0.5-1 mm; secondly, overlaying the laser cladding layer by adopting the copper-based welding wire for arc welding, wherein the thickness of the overlaying layer is 1-2 mm; thirdly, carrying out laser cladding on the surfacing layer by adopting the near-titanium layer laser cladding powder, wherein the laser power is 3kW, and the cladding layer thickness is 0.5-1 mm;
(3) And finally, arc surfacing is carried out on the laser cladding layer by adopting ERTi-1 welding wires to prepare a titanium layer, wherein the welding current is 150-200A, the thickness of the surfacing layer is 5-7 mm, and the interlayer temperature is controlled below 50 ℃.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The invention adopts a laser cladding and arc surfacing composite process to prepare the titanium-steel gradient structure, and fully utilizes the advantages (high laser cladding precision and high arc surfacing efficiency) between the two processes, thereby obtaining the high-quality titanium-steel gradient structure.
(2) And (3) carrying out laser cladding of a near steel layer on the steel substrate, wherein Ni and Cu are mainly used as powder. The Ni element mainly plays a role in connecting a bottom steel matrix, and the Cu element mainly plays a role in connecting an upper copper-based surfacing welding seam. And (3) performing laser cladding of a near-titanium layer on the copper-based surfacing welding seam, wherein the powder mainly comprises V, nb and Ag. Wherein, V and Nb mainly play a role in connecting a copper-based surfacing welding seam and the titanium welding seam, and Ag mainly plays a role in improving the plasticity and toughness of the welding seam.
(3) The laser cladding powder and the welding wire for arc surfacing, disclosed by the invention, can be added with various alloy elements, and can comprehensively regulate and control the plasticity and toughness of the gradient layer.
(4) According to the invention, laser cladding is respectively carried out on the upper side and the lower side of the copper-based arc surfacing layer, so that metallurgical reaction between Fe below and Ti above can be effectively blocked.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a gradient structure of a titanium-steel prepared by a laser and electric arc composite method adopted in the invention.
Fig. 2 is a microstructure of a near steel layer laser cladding layer in a titanium-steel gradient structure prepared using example 2.
Fig. 3 is a microstructure of a copper-based overlay in a titanium-steel gradient structure prepared using example 2.
Fig. 4 is a microstructure of a near-titanium laser cladding layer in a titanium-steel gradient structure prepared using example 2.
Fig. 5 is a drawing showing the morphology of the tensile fracture scanning electron microscope of the titanium-steel gradient structure prepared in example 2.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
The invention provides a welding material for preparing a titanium-steel gradient structure by compounding laser and electric arc, which comprises near-steel layer laser cladding powder, near-titanium layer laser cladding powder and copper-based welding wires for electric arc welding;
Wherein, the near steel layer laser cladding powder comprises the following components by mass percent: 60.0-70.0% of Ni powder, 20.0-30.0% of Cu powder and 10.0-20.0% of Fe powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
The near-titanium layer laser cladding powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40.0-60.0% of V powder, 20.0-30.0% of Nb powder, 10.0-20.0% of Ag powder, 10.0-20.0% of B powder, and 100% of the sum of the components in percentage by mass;
The copper-based welding wire for arc welding comprises medicinal powder and welding skin, wherein the medicinal powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20.0-30.0% of Nb powder, 10.0-20.0% of Co powder, 10.0-20.0% of Ag powder, 5.0-10.0% of Mo powder, 5.0-10.0% of B powder, 5.0-10.0% of Si powder, 5.0-10.0% of Mn powder and the balance of Cu powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
The purity of the near-steel layer laser cladding powder and the near-titanium layer laser cladding powder is more than or equal to 99.9 percent.
The granularity of the powder used for the copper-based welding wire for arc welding is 100-200 meshes.
The welding skin of the copper-based welding wire for arc welding is a red copper belt, the thickness is 0.4mm, and the width is 7mm.
The powder filling rate of the copper-based welding wire for arc welding is controlled to be 20-25wt%.
(1) The main components of the laser cladding alloy powder have the following functions:
1) The laser cladding powder of the near steel layer comprises the following constituent elements of Ni, cu and Fe: the Ni element is a main component, and the weldability between Ni and Fe and between Ni and Cu is good, so that the effect of connecting the bottom steel matrix and the middle copper-based flux-cored wire overlaying layer can be achieved; the Cu element has the effects of improving the combination of the laser cladding layer and the intermediate copper-based flux-cored wire overlaying layer and reducing the melting point of the laser cladding layer; the addition of Fe element can realize gradual element transition process from the bottom Fe matrix to the middle copper-based flux-cored wire overlay welding layer, and avoid stress concentration caused by severe transition phenomenon of elements.
2) The laser cladding powder of the near-titanium layer comprises the following elements of V, nb, ag, B: v is the main element, and the binary phase diagram of V-Ti shows that V and Ti can be infinitely dissolved, so that the metallurgical combination between the upper titanium surfacing welding seam and the laser cladding layer can be ensured by taking V as the main element. The Nb element and Ti can be infinitely solid-dissolved, so that the bonding strength between the laser cladding layer and the titanium weld joint can be further improved. During the surfacing of the titanium layer, the welding seam inevitably has the penetration of Cu element, and according to an Ag-Cu-Ti ternary phase diagram, eutectic structures with good plastic toughness can be generated by the three elements, so that the addition of Ag is mainly used for generating ternary eutectic, and the generation of Cu-Ti intermetallic compounds between the laser cladding layer and the titanium layer is reduced. The addition of the element B can improve the wettability of the titanium weld joint when welding on the laser cladding layer.
(2) The main alloy components of the copper-based flux-cored wire for arc welding have the following functions:
The flux-cored wire comprises the following components: the welding wire is mainly composed of Cu element, cu and bottom steel welding seam (ER 50-6) do not generate brittle phase according to a Cu-Fe binary phase diagram, and copper and steel fusion welding joint can obtain better performance according to the prior literature. Therefore, the transition layer welding wire of the invention adopts Cu element as the main component. In addition, cu element also exists in the near-steel layer laser cladding layer, and the near-steel layer laser cladding layer and the copper-based flux-cored wire can just form better combination.
The Nb element is added into the copper-based flux-cored wire, so that on one hand, the toughness of a welding line of the copper-based transition layer is improved, and on the other hand, the copper-based flux-cored wire forms better metallurgical bonding with the near-titanium layer laser cladding layer, because a certain amount of Nb element exists in the near-titanium layer laser cladding layer. In order to further improve the toughness of the copper-based weld joint, co and Mo alloy elements are added, and the addition of Co and Mo can fully ensure the antioxidation capability of the molten pool at high temperature, so that the strength of the molten pool is improved. The strength improvement effect of Mo is remarkable, and the strength of the welding seam can be effectively improved by adding a small amount of Mo.
The invention also adds Ag element, ag can form ternary continuous eutectic structure with Cu in the copper-based transition layer and Ti in the titanium layer, the structure has good toughness, and the coarse and brittle structure of Cu-Ti generated between Cu and Ti can be effectively reduced, thereby improving the cracking resistance of the welding seam of the transition layer.
In order to reduce the melting point of the arc welding copper-based weld joint and reduce the fusion ratio between the welding copper-based weld joint and two sides, B, si elements are added into the welding wire. The two elements can also fully improve the wettability of the copper-based weld joint for arc welding and the laser cladding layer of the bottom near steel layer.
In addition, a small amount of Mn element is added, mn plays a certain role in improving the strength of the welding seam, and in addition, mn also has deoxidization and desulfurization effects, so that the generation of oxide and sulfide defects in the welding seam of the transition layer is reduced.
The invention also provides a preparation method for preparing the welding material for the titanium-steel gradient structure by compounding laser and electric arc, which comprises the following steps:
(1) The preparation method of the near steel layer laser cladding powder comprises the following steps:
step 1: respectively weighing 60.0-70.0% of Ni powder, 20.0-30.0% of Cu powder and 10.0-20.0% of Fe powder according to mass percentages, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
Step 2: mixing the alloy powders of the raw materials in the step 1, vacuum smelting, and pulverizing by adopting an air atomization method; in the step 2, vacuum smelting equipment is adopted, N 2 is used as atomizing gas, the atomizing pressure is 6MPa, and the superheat degree of a melt is kept between 100 ℃ and 150 ℃ in the atomizing process;
Step 3: carrying out granularity screening on the atomized alloy powder to ensure that the screened alloy powder is in a certain granularity range; in the step 3, the particle size range of the screened alloy powder is 25-53 mu m, namely 270-500 meshes; the fluidity requirement of the sieved alloy powder is 25-40 s/100g;
Step 4: vacuum packaging the prepared powder for later use;
(2) The preparation method of the near-titanium layer laser cladding powder comprises the following specific steps:
Step 1: the composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40.0-60.0% of V powder, 20.0-30.0% of Nb powder, 10.0-20.0% of Ag powder, 10.0-20.0% of B powder, and 100% of the sum of the components in percentage by mass;
Step 2: mixing the alloy powders of the raw materials in the step 1, vacuum smelting, and pulverizing by adopting an air atomization method; in the step 2, vacuum smelting equipment is adopted, N 2 is used as atomizing gas, the atomizing pressure is 6MPa, and the superheat degree of a melt is kept between 100 ℃ and 150 ℃ in the atomizing process;
Step 3: carrying out granularity screening on the atomized alloy powder to ensure that the screened alloy powder is in a certain granularity range; in the step 3, the particle size range of the screened alloy powder is 25-53 mu m, namely 270-500 meshes; the fluidity requirement of the sieved alloy powder is 25-40 s/100g;
Step 4: vacuum packaging the prepared powder for later use;
(3) The preparation method of the copper-based welding wire for arc welding comprises the following specific steps:
Step 1: respectively weighing 20.0-30.0% of Nb powder, 10.0-20.0% of Co powder, 10.0-20.0% of Ag powder, 5.0-10.0% of Mo powder, 5.0-10.0% of B powder, 5.0-10.0% of Si powder, 5.0-10.0% of Mn powder and the balance of Cu powder according to the mass percentage, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
Step 2: heating the powder weighed in the step 1 in a vacuum heating furnace at 200-250 ℃ for 1-3 hours to remove crystal water in the powder; placing the dried medicinal powder into a powder mixer for full mixing for 2-6 hours;
Step 3: removing grease on the surface of the copper strip by adopting alcohol, wrapping the medicinal powder prepared in the step 2 in the copper strip by using flux-cored wire drawing equipment, wherein the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6mm;
step 4: after the first procedure is finished, the aperture of the die is sequentially reduced, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 mm is obtained;
Step 5: after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for standby.
The invention also provides a preparation method for preparing the titanium-steel gradient structure by combining the laser and the electric arc, which comprises the following specific steps of:
(1) Firstly, overlaying a steel matrix, selecting an ER50-6 welding wire, wherein the welding current is 180-200A, the thickness of the overlaying layer is 5-7 mm, and the interlayer temperature is below 100 ℃ so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the overlaying layer;
(2) Then, the preparation of the transition layer is completed by a three-step method: firstly, carrying out laser cladding by adopting near-steel layer laser cladding powder, wherein the laser power is 3kW, and the cladding layer thickness is 0.5-1 mm; secondly, performing surfacing welding on the laser cladding layer by adopting a copper-based welding wire for arc welding, wherein the thickness of the surfacing layer is 1-2 mm; thirdly, laser cladding powder of a near titanium layer is adopted to carry out laser cladding on the surfacing layer, the laser power is 3kW, and the cladding layer thickness is 0.5-1 mm;
(3) And finally, arc surfacing is carried out on the laser cladding layer by adopting ERTi-1 welding wires to prepare a titanium layer, wherein the welding current is 150-200A, the thickness of the surfacing layer is 5-7 mm, and the interlayer temperature is controlled below 50 ℃.
Example 1
The preparation method of the near steel layer laser cladding powder comprises the following specific steps:
Step 1: respectively weighing 60.0% of Ni powder, 30.0% of Cu powder and 10.0% of Fe powder according to the mass percentage, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%
Step 2: mixing the alloy powders of the raw materials in the step 1, vacuum smelting, and pulverizing by adopting an air atomization method;
step3: and (3) carrying out granularity screening on the atomized alloy powder, so that the screened alloy powder is in a certain granularity range.
Step 4: and (5) vacuum packaging the prepared powder for later use.
In the step 2, vacuum melting equipment is adopted, N 2 is used as atomizing gas, the atomizing pressure is 6MPa, and the superheat degree of a melt is kept between 100 ℃ and 150 ℃ in the atomizing process.
In the step 3, the particle size range of the sieved alloy powder is 25-53 mu m, namely 270-500 meshes.
The fluidity of the sieved alloy powder is required to be 25-40 s/100g.
The preparation method of the near-titanium layer laser cladding powder comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: the composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass: v powder 40.0%, nb powder 30.0%, ag powder 10.0%, B powder 20.0%, the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
Step 2: mixing the alloy powders of the raw materials in the step 1, vacuum smelting, and pulverizing by adopting an air atomization method;
step3: and (3) carrying out granularity screening on the atomized alloy powder, so that the screened alloy powder is in a certain granularity range.
Step 4: and (5) vacuum packaging the prepared powder for later use.
In the step 2, vacuum melting equipment is adopted, N 2 is used as atomizing gas, the atomizing pressure is 6MPa, and the superheat degree of a melt is kept between 100 ℃ and 150 ℃ in the atomizing process.
In the step 3, the particle size range of the sieved alloy powder is 25-53 mu m, namely 270-500 meshes.
The fluidity of the sieved alloy powder is required to be 25-40 s/100g.
The preparation method of the copper-based welding wire for arc welding comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: 20.0 percent of Nb powder, 10.0 percent of Co powder, 10.0 percent of Ag powder, 5.0 percent of Mo powder, 5.0 percent of B powder, 5.0 percent of Si powder, 5.0 percent of Mn powder and the balance of Cu powder are respectively weighed according to the mass percentage, and the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.
Step 2: heating the powder weighed in the step 1 in a vacuum heating furnace at 200 ℃ for 1h to remove crystal water in the powder; placing the dried medicinal powder into a powder mixer for full mixing for 2 hours;
Step 3: removing grease on the surface of the copper strip by adopting alcohol, wrapping the medicinal powder prepared in the step 2 in the copper strip by using flux-cored wire drawing equipment, wherein the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6mm;
step 4: and after the first procedure is finished, the aperture of the die is sequentially reduced, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 mm is obtained.
Step 5: after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for standby.
The laser and electric arc composite preparation method of the titanium-steel gradient structure comprises the following specific steps (as shown in figure 1):
(1) Firstly, overlaying a steel matrix, selecting an ER50-6 welding wire, wherein the welding current is 180-200A, the thickness of an overlaying layer is 5mm, and the interlayer temperature is 70 ℃ so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the overlaying layer;
(2) Then, the preparation of the transition layer is completed by a three-step method: firstly, carrying out laser cladding by adopting near-steel layer laser cladding powder, wherein the laser power is 3kW, and the cladding layer thickness is 0.5mm; secondly, performing surfacing welding on the laser cladding layer by adopting a copper-based welding wire, wherein the thickness of the surfacing layer is 1mm; thirdly, laser cladding powder of a near titanium layer is adopted to carry out laser cladding on the surfacing layer, the laser power is 3kW, and the cladding layer thickness is 0.5mm;
(3) And finally, arc surfacing is carried out on the laser cladding layer by adopting ERTi-1 welding wires to prepare a titanium layer, the welding current is 150-200A, the thickness of the surfacing layer is 5mm, and the interlayer temperature is controlled at 50 ℃.
The tensile strength of the titanium-steel ladder structure was tested to be 451MPa.
Example 2
The preparation method of the near steel layer laser cladding powder comprises the following specific steps:
Step 1: respectively weighing 70.0% of Ni powder, 20.0% of Cu powder and 10.0% of Fe powder according to the mass percentage, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
step 2: mixing the alloy powders of the raw materials in the step 1, vacuum smelting, and pulverizing by adopting an air atomization method;
step3: and (3) carrying out granularity screening on the atomized alloy powder, so that the screened alloy powder is in a certain granularity range.
Step 4: and (5) vacuum packaging the prepared powder for later use.
In the step 2, vacuum melting equipment is adopted, N 2 is used as atomizing gas, the atomizing pressure is 6MPa, and the superheat degree of a melt is kept between 100 ℃ and 150 ℃ in the atomizing process.
In the step 3, the particle size range of the sieved alloy powder is 25-53 mu m, namely 270-500 meshes.
The fluidity of the sieved alloy powder is required to be 25-40 s/100g.
The preparation method of the near-titanium layer laser cladding powder comprises the following specific steps:
Step 1: the composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass: v powder 60.0%, nb powder 20.0%, ag powder 10.0%, B powder 10.0%, the sum of the mass percentages of the components being 100%.
Step 2: mixing the alloy powders of the raw materials in the step 1, vacuum smelting, and pulverizing by adopting an air atomization method;
step3: and (3) carrying out granularity screening on the atomized alloy powder, so that the screened alloy powder is in a certain granularity range.
Step 4: and (5) vacuum packaging the prepared powder for later use.
In the step 2, vacuum melting equipment is adopted, N 2 is used as atomizing gas, the atomizing pressure is 6MPa, and the superheat degree of a melt is kept between 100 ℃ and 150 ℃ in the atomizing process.
In the step 3, the particle size range of the sieved alloy powder is 25-53 mu m, namely 270-500 meshes.
The fluidity of the sieved alloy powder is required to be 25-40 s/100g.
The preparation method of the copper-based welding wire for arc welding comprises the following specific steps:
Step 1: 30.0 percent of Nb powder, 20.0 percent of Co powder, 20.0 percent of Ag powder, 10.0 percent of Mo powder, 10.0 percent of B powder, 5.0 percent of Si powder and 5.0 percent of Mn powder are respectively weighed according to the mass percentage, and the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.
Step 2: heating the powder weighed in the step 1 in a vacuum heating furnace at 250 ℃ for 3 hours to remove crystal water in the powder; placing the dried medicinal powder into a powder mixer for full mixing for 6 hours;
Step 3: removing grease on the surface of the copper strip by adopting alcohol, wrapping the medicinal powder prepared in the step 2 in the copper strip by using flux-cored wire drawing equipment, wherein the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6mm;
step 4: and after the first procedure is finished, the aperture of the die is sequentially reduced, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 mm is obtained.
Step 5: after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for standby.
The laser and electric arc composite preparation method of the titanium-steel gradient structure comprises the following specific steps (as shown in figure 1):
(1) Firstly, overlaying a steel matrix, selecting an ER50-6 welding wire, wherein the welding current is 180-200A, the thickness of an overlaying layer is 7mm, and the interlayer temperature is 60 ℃ so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the overlaying layer;
(2) Then, the preparation of the transition layer is completed by a three-step method: firstly, carrying out laser cladding by adopting near-steel layer laser cladding powder, wherein the laser power is 3kW, and the cladding layer thickness is 1mm; secondly, performing surfacing welding on the laser cladding layer by adopting a copper-based welding wire, wherein the thickness of the surfacing layer is 2mm; thirdly, laser cladding powder of a near titanium layer is adopted to carry out laser cladding on the surfacing layer, the laser power is 3kW, and the cladding layer thickness is 1mm;
(3) And finally, arc surfacing is carried out on the laser cladding layer by adopting ERTi-1 welding wires to prepare a titanium layer, the welding current is 150-200A, the thickness of the surfacing layer is 7mm, and the interlayer temperature is controlled at 20 ℃.
The tensile strength of the titanium-steel gradient structure is 470MPa through testing.
Fig. 2 is a microstructure of a near steel layer laser cladding layer in a titanium-steel gradient structure prepared using example 2. It can be seen from the figure that the laser cladding layer is mainly composed of cellular dendrite austenite structure due to the higher cooling rate of laser cladding, and the directionality of the cellular dendrite is stronger.
Fig. 3 is a microstructure of a copper-based overlay in a titanium-steel gradient structure prepared using example 2. As can be seen from the figure, the copper-based flux-cored wire transition layer is present with a certain amount of lath Cu-Ti compounds. No defects were found in the weld.
Fig. 4 is a microstructure of a near-titanium laser cladding layer in a titanium-steel gradient structure prepared using example 2. It can be seen from the figure that the laser cladding layer of the near-titanium layer is mainly formed by cellular dendrites, which is mainly caused by the relatively high cooling rate of the laser cladding process. The side laser cladding layer has uniform tissue distribution, and no defects such as air holes, cracks and the like are found.
Fig. 5 is a drawing showing the morphology of the tensile fracture scanning electron microscope of the titanium-steel gradient structure prepared in example 2. In the stretching process of the titanium-steel gradient structure, the fracture position is at the copper-based transition layer weld joint, and as can be seen from the figure, certain cleavage morphology exists on the fracture surface, and the cleavage morphology mainly consists of Cu-Ti compounds in combination with an EDS result.
Example 3
The preparation method of the near steel layer laser cladding powder comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: respectively weighing 60.0% of Ni powder, 20.0% of Cu powder and 20.0% of Fe powder according to the mass percentage, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
step 2: mixing the alloy powders of the raw materials in the step 1, vacuum smelting, and pulverizing by adopting an air atomization method;
step3: and (3) carrying out granularity screening on the atomized alloy powder, so that the screened alloy powder is in a certain granularity range.
Step 4: and (5) vacuum packaging the prepared powder for later use.
In the step 2, vacuum melting equipment is adopted, N 2 is used as atomizing gas, the atomizing pressure is 6MPa, and the superheat degree of a melt is kept between 100 ℃ and 150 ℃ in the atomizing process.
In the step 3, the particle size range of the sieved alloy powder is 25-53 mu m, namely 270-500 meshes.
The fluidity of the sieved alloy powder is required to be 25-40 s/100g.
The preparation method of the near-titanium layer laser cladding powder comprises the following specific steps:
Step 1: the composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50.0% of V powder, 25.0% of Nb powder, 12.0% of Ag powder, 13.0% of B powder, and 100% of the sum of the components in percentage by mass.
Step 2: mixing the alloy powders of the raw materials in the step 1, vacuum smelting, and pulverizing by adopting an air atomization method;
step3: and (3) carrying out granularity screening on the atomized alloy powder, so that the screened alloy powder is in a certain granularity range.
Step 4: and (5) vacuum packaging the prepared powder for later use.
In the step 2, vacuum melting equipment is adopted, N 2 is used as atomizing gas, the atomizing pressure is 6MPa, and the superheat degree of a melt is kept between 100 ℃ and 150 ℃ in the atomizing process.
In the step 3, the particle size range of the sieved alloy powder is 25-53 mu m, namely 270-500 meshes.
The fluidity of the sieved alloy powder is required to be 25-40 s/100g.
The preparation method of the copper-based welding wire for arc welding comprises the following specific steps:
Step 1: according to the mass percentage, respectively weighing 25.0 percent of Nb powder, 15.0 percent of Co powder, 15.0 percent of Ag powder, 6.0 percent of Mo powder, 6.0 percent of B powder, 10.0 percent of Si powder, 10.0 percent of Mn powder and the balance of Cu powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.
Step 2: heating the powder weighed in the step 1 in a vacuum heating furnace at 220 ℃ for 2 hours to remove crystal water in the powder; placing the dried medicinal powder into a powder mixer for full mixing for 3 hours;
Step 3: removing grease on the surface of the copper strip by adopting alcohol, wrapping the medicinal powder prepared in the step 2 in the copper strip by using flux-cored wire drawing equipment, wherein the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6mm;
step 4: and after the first procedure is finished, the aperture of the die is sequentially reduced, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 mm is obtained.
Step 5: after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for standby.
The laser and electric arc composite preparation method of the titanium-steel gradient structure comprises the following specific steps (as shown in figure 1):
(1) Firstly, overlaying a steel matrix, selecting an ER50-6 welding wire, wherein the welding current is 180-200A, the thickness of the overlaying layer is 6mm, and the interlayer temperature is 50 ℃ so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the overlaying layer;
(2) Then, the preparation of the transition layer is completed by a three-step method: firstly, carrying out laser cladding by adopting near-steel layer laser cladding powder, wherein the laser power is 3kW, and the cladding layer thickness is 0.7mm; secondly, performing surfacing welding on the laser cladding layer by adopting a copper-based welding wire, wherein the thickness of the surfacing layer is 1.5mm; thirdly, laser cladding powder of a near titanium layer is adopted to carry out laser cladding on the surfacing layer, the laser power is 3kW, and the cladding layer thickness is 0.7mm;
(3) And finally, arc surfacing is carried out on the laser cladding layer by adopting ERTi-1 welding wires to prepare a titanium layer, the welding current is 150-200A, the thickness of the surfacing layer is 6mm, and the interlayer temperature is controlled at 30 ℃.
The tensile strength of the titanium-steel gradient structure is 433MPa through test.
Example 4
The preparation method of the near steel layer laser cladding powder comprises the following specific steps:
Step 1: respectively weighing 66.0% of Ni powder, 22.0% of Cu powder and 12.0% of Fe powder according to the mass percentage, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
step 2: mixing the alloy powders of the raw materials in the step 1, vacuum smelting, and pulverizing by adopting an air atomization method;
step3: and (3) carrying out granularity screening on the atomized alloy powder, so that the screened alloy powder is in a certain granularity range.
Step 4: and (5) vacuum packaging the prepared powder for later use.
In the step 2, vacuum melting equipment is adopted, N 2 is used as atomizing gas, the atomizing pressure is 6MPa, and the superheat degree of a melt is kept between 100 ℃ and 150 ℃ in the atomizing process.
In the step 3, the particle size range of the sieved alloy powder is 25-53 mu m, namely 270-500 meshes.
The fluidity of the sieved alloy powder is required to be 25-40 s/100g.
The preparation method of the near-titanium layer laser cladding powder comprises the following specific steps:
Step 1: the composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 44.0% of V powder, 21.0% of Nb powder, 20.0% of Ag powder, 15.0% of B powder, and 100% of the sum of the components in percentage by mass.
Step 2: mixing the alloy powders of the raw materials in the step 1, vacuum smelting, and pulverizing by adopting an air atomization method;
step3: and (3) carrying out granularity screening on the atomized alloy powder, so that the screened alloy powder is in a certain granularity range.
Step 4: and (5) vacuum packaging the prepared powder for later use.
In the step 2, vacuum melting equipment is adopted, N 2 is used as atomizing gas, the atomizing pressure is 6MPa, and the superheat degree of a melt is kept between 100 ℃ and 150 ℃ in the atomizing process.
In the step 3, the particle size range of the sieved alloy powder is 25-53 mu m, namely 270-500 meshes.
The fluidity of the sieved alloy powder is required to be 25-40 s/100g.
The preparation method of the copper-based welding wire for arc welding comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: 26.0 percent of Nb powder, 11.0 percent of Co powder, 19.0 percent of Ag powder, 9.0 percent of Mo powder, 7.0 percent of B powder, 6.0 percent of Si powder, 9.0 percent of Mn powder and the balance of Cu powder are respectively weighed according to the mass percentage, and the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.
Step 2: heating the powder weighed in the step 1 in a vacuum heating furnace at 210 ℃ for 2.3 hours to remove crystal water in the powder; placing the dried medicinal powder into a powder mixer for full mixing for 4 hours;
Step 3: removing grease on the surface of the copper strip by adopting alcohol, wrapping the medicinal powder prepared in the step 2 in the copper strip by using flux-cored wire drawing equipment, wherein the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6mm;
step 4: and after the first procedure is finished, the aperture of the die is sequentially reduced, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 mm is obtained.
Step 5: after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for standby.
The laser and electric arc composite preparation method of the titanium-steel gradient structure comprises the following specific steps (as shown in figure 1):
(1) Firstly, overlaying a steel matrix, selecting an ER50-6 welding wire, wherein the welding current is 180-200A, the thickness of an overlaying layer is 5.3mm, and the interlayer temperature is 60 ℃ so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the overlaying layer;
(2) Then, the preparation of the transition layer is completed by a three-step method: firstly, carrying out laser cladding by adopting near-steel layer laser cladding powder, wherein the laser power is 3kW, and the cladding layer thickness is 0.8mm; secondly, performing surfacing welding on the laser cladding layer by adopting a copper-based welding wire, wherein the thickness of the surfacing layer is 1.8mm; thirdly, laser cladding powder of a near titanium layer is adopted to carry out laser cladding on the surfacing layer, the laser power is 3kW, and the cladding layer thickness is 0.7mm;
(3) And finally, arc surfacing is carried out on the laser cladding layer by adopting ERTi-1 welding wires to prepare a titanium layer, the welding current is 150-200A, the thickness of the surfacing layer is 5.3mm, and the interlayer temperature is controlled at 25 ℃.
The tensile strength of the titanium-steel ladder structure was 477MPa.
In examples 1 to 4, the purity of the near-steel layer laser cladding powder and the near-titanium layer laser cladding powder are all more than or equal to 99.9 percent. The granularity of the powder used for the copper-based welding wire for arc welding is 100-200 meshes. The welding skin of the copper-based welding wire for arc welding is a red copper belt, the thickness is 0.4mm, and the width is 7mm. The powder filling rate of the copper-based welding wire for arc welding in examples 1-2 was controlled to 20wt.%. The powder filling rate of the copper-based welding wire for arc welding in example 3 was controlled to 25wt.%. The powder filling rate of the copper-based welding wire for arc welding in example 4 was controlled at 22wt.%.

Claims (6)

1. The welding material for the titanium-steel gradient structure is prepared by compounding laser and electric arc and is characterized by comprising near-steel layer laser cladding powder, near-titanium layer laser cladding powder and copper-based welding wires for electric arc welding;
Wherein, the near steel layer laser cladding powder comprises the following components by mass percent: 60.0-70.0% of Ni powder, 20.0-30.0% of Cu powder and 10.0-20.0% of Fe powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
The near-titanium layer laser cladding powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40.0-60.0% of V powder, 20.0-30.0% of Nb powder, 10.0-20.0% of Ag powder, 10.0-20.0% of B powder, and 100% of the sum of the components in percentage by mass;
The copper-based welding wire for arc welding comprises medicinal powder and welding skin, wherein the medicinal powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20.0-30.0% of Nb powder, 10.0-20.0% of Co powder, 10.0-20.0% of Ag powder, 5.0-10.0% of Mo powder, 5.0-10.0% of B powder, 5.0-10.0% of Si powder, 5.0-10.0% of Mn powder and the balance of Cu powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
the welding skin of the copper-based welding wire for arc welding is a red copper strip; controlling the powder filling rate of the copper-based welding wire for arc welding to be 20-25wt%;
And respectively carrying out laser cladding on the upper side and the lower side of a copper-based arc overlaying layer formed by adopting a copper-based welding wire for arc welding, wherein materials used for carrying out laser cladding on the upper side and the lower side are near-steel layer laser cladding powder and near-titanium layer laser cladding powder respectively.
2. The welding material for preparing the titanium-steel gradient structure by combining laser and electric arc according to claim 1, wherein the purity of the near-steel layer laser cladding powder and the near-titanium layer laser cladding powder is more than or equal to 99.9%.
3. The welding material for preparing the titanium-steel gradient structure by combining laser and electric arc according to claim 1, wherein the granularity of the powder used for the copper-based welding wire for electric arc welding is 100-200 meshes.
4. The welding material for preparing the titanium-steel gradient structure by combining laser and electric arc according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the welding skin is 0.4mm and the width is 7mm.
5. The preparation method for preparing the welding material for the titanium-steel gradient structure by compounding laser and electric arc is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) The preparation method of the near steel layer laser cladding powder comprises the following steps:
step 1: respectively weighing 60.0-70.0% of Ni powder, 20.0-30.0% of Cu powder and 10.0-20.0% of Fe powder according to mass percentages, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
Step 2: mixing the alloy powders of the raw materials in the step 1, vacuum smelting, and pulverizing by adopting an air atomization method; in the step 2, vacuum smelting equipment is adopted, N 2 is used as atomizing gas, the atomizing pressure is 6MPa, and the superheat degree of a melt is kept between 100 ℃ and 150 ℃ in the atomizing process;
Step 3: carrying out granularity screening on the atomized alloy powder to ensure that the screened alloy powder is in a certain granularity range; in the step 3, the particle size range of the screened alloy powder is 25-53 mu m, namely 270-500 meshes; the fluidity requirement of the sieved alloy powder is 25-40 s/100g;
Step 4: vacuum packaging the prepared powder for later use;
(2) The preparation method of the near-titanium layer laser cladding powder comprises the following specific steps:
Step 1: the composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40.0-60.0% of V powder, 20.0-30.0% of Nb powder, 10.0-20.0% of Ag powder, 10.0-20.0% of B powder, and 100% of the sum of the components in percentage by mass;
Step 2: mixing the alloy powders of the raw materials in the step 1, vacuum smelting, and pulverizing by adopting an air atomization method; in the step 2, vacuum smelting equipment is adopted, N 2 is used as atomizing gas, the atomizing pressure is 6MPa, and the superheat degree of a melt is kept between 100 ℃ and 150 ℃ in the atomizing process;
Step 3: carrying out granularity screening on the atomized alloy powder to ensure that the screened alloy powder is in a certain granularity range; in the step 3, the particle size range of the screened alloy powder is 25-53 mu m, namely 270-500 meshes; the fluidity requirement of the sieved alloy powder is 25-40 s/100g;
Step 4: vacuum packaging the prepared powder for later use;
(3) The preparation method of the copper-based welding wire for arc welding comprises the following specific steps:
Step 1: respectively weighing 20.0-30.0% of Nb powder, 10.0-20.0% of Co powder, 10.0-20.0% of Ag powder, 5.0-10.0% of Mo powder, 5.0-10.0% of B powder, 5.0-10.0% of Si powder, 5.0-10.0% of Mn powder and the balance of Cu powder according to the mass percentage, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
Step 2: heating the powder weighed in the step 1 in a vacuum heating furnace at 200-250 ℃ for 1-3 hours to remove crystal water in the powder; placing the dried medicinal powder into a powder mixer for full mixing for 2-6 hours;
Step 3: removing grease on the surface of the copper strip by adopting alcohol, wrapping the medicinal powder prepared in the step 2 in the copper strip by using flux-cored wire drawing equipment, wherein the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6mm;
controlling the powder filling rate of the copper-based welding wire for arc welding to be 20-25wt%;
Step 4: after the first drawing process is finished, the aperture of the die is sequentially reduced, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 mm is obtained;
Step 5: after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for standby.
6. A method for preparing a titanium-steel gradient structure by combining laser and electric arc, which is characterized in that the welding material for preparing the titanium-steel gradient structure by combining laser and electric arc is used for preparing the titanium-steel gradient structure by combining laser and electric arc on a steel substrate, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Firstly, overlaying a steel matrix, selecting an ER50-6 welding wire, wherein the welding current is 180-200A, the thickness of the overlaying layer is 5-7 mm, and the interlayer temperature is below 100 ℃ so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the overlaying layer;
(2) Then, the preparation of the transition layer is completed by a three-step method: the method comprises the steps of firstly, adopting the near steel layer laser cladding powder to carry out laser cladding, wherein the laser power is 3kW, and the cladding layer thickness is 0.5-1 mm; secondly, overlaying the laser cladding layer by adopting the copper-based welding wire for arc welding, wherein the thickness of the overlaying layer is 1-2 mm; thirdly, carrying out laser cladding on the surfacing layer by adopting the near-titanium layer laser cladding powder, wherein the laser power is 3kW, and the cladding layer thickness is 0.5-1 mm;
(3) And finally, arc surfacing is carried out on the laser cladding layer by adopting ERTi-1 welding wires to prepare a titanium layer, wherein the welding current is 150-200A, the thickness of the surfacing layer is 5-7 mm, and the interlayer temperature is controlled below 50 ℃.
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