CN114231802A - Rare earth aluminum alloy bar for forging aluminum alloy hub and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Rare earth aluminum alloy bar for forging aluminum alloy hub and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- WMOHXRDWCVHXGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [La].[Ce] Chemical compound [La].[Ce] WMOHXRDWCVHXGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910001122 Mischmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- -1 aluminum lanthanum cerium Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018084 Al-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910018131 Al-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021364 Al-Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910018182 Al—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910018192 Al—Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910018461 Al—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910018575 Al—Ti Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QQHSIRTYSFLSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Al].[Cr] QQHSIRTYSFLSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910020785 La—Ce Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910001094 6061 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 11
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 10
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013456 study Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a rare earth aluminum alloy bar for forging an aluminum alloy hub, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.6-0.8% of Si, 0.15-0.25% of Fe, 0.2-0.3% of Cu, 0.06-0.10% of Mn, 0.8-1.2% of Mg, 0.2-0.3% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.05% of Zn, 0.02-0.06% of Ti, 0.05-0.20% of LaCe misch metal and the balance of Al. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the rare earth aluminum alloy bar for forging the aluminum alloy hub. The invention adds a certain proportion of mixed lanthanum-cerium rare earth elements into the aluminum alloy, so that the alloy structure of the rare earth aluminum alloy bar is improved, and the strength and the plasticity are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aluminum alloy materials and manufacturing thereof, and particularly relates to a 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy bar for forging an aluminum alloy hub and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The 6061 aluminum alloy is a high-quality aluminum alloy product produced by a heat treatment pre-stretching process, and comprises the chemical components (unit:%) of 0.15-0.4% of copper Cu, 0.15% of manganese Mn, 0.8-1.2% of magnesium Mg, 0.25% of zinc Zn, 0.04-0.35% of chromium Cr, 0.15% of titanium Ti, 0.4-0.8% of silicon Si, 0.7% of iron Fe and the balance of aluminum Al. The blanks used for forging the hubs are all from aluminum alloy cast rods produced by semi-continuous casting. Along with the technological progress of China and the combination of production, study and research, the production quality of the aluminum alloy cast rod is greatly improved, but compared with the advanced level in foreign countries, the quality of the aluminum alloy cast rod has a larger gap, and the outstanding problems are that the uniformity and the stability of the performance are low, and the structure crystal grain is larger. The main defects of the aluminum alloy during forging are cracks, underfilling, folding, streamline disorder, coarse grains and the like. The shape of the forging is generally complex, so that the deformation characteristic of the aluminum alloy is difficult to grasp, meanwhile, the whole forging process is invisible, factors which are difficult to control and a plurality of defects exist, and the cause of some defects is difficult to explain clearly. But the excellent casting quality is the premise of ensuring the quality of subsequent deep processing products and improving the quality of aluminum alloy products. Therefore, the need for an effective way to modify 6061 alloy has been a challenge to overcome.
At present, compared with the foreign semi-continuous casting bar (the average grain size is about 70-80 mu m), the casting bar for forging the aluminum alloy products in China generally has thicker grains which are about 100 mu m. The large crystal grains cause a series of problems of reduction of the plastic forming capability of the cast rod, reduction of the extrusion speed, increase of the extrusion force, reduction of the service life of a die, long production period, increase of the cost and the like. For example, a set of extrusion dies for extruding the 6061 profile abroad can extrude about 100 tons of profiles, while the extrusion dies need to be replaced due to the structural control problem and the composition control problem of the original 6061 extrusion casting ingot blank in China and the extrusion of less than 20 tons of profiles. 6061 forged hub because original blank crystalline grain is thick and uneven, causes that the hub stress that later stage forged is too big, and the rejection rate is too high, and some hub life-span is short.
The refined grain structure has good influence on the hardness, plasticity, corrosion resistance, fatigue limit, fracture toughness and appearance of the forging, so how to control the grain size of the forging is an important subject of forging research work. The grain size of the original blank directly influences the quality of the final forging, and besides strictly controlling the production process and the impurity content of the melt, grain refinement is also the key for obtaining the high-quality aluminum alloy blank. In order to obtain finer and more uniform grain structure, grain refining AlTiB is often added in the semi-continuous casting process, but the refining effect is poor because the quality of the current domestic AlTiB is unstable. The imported AlTiB has stable quality, but high price and limited refining effect, and is difficult to reach the grain size of foreign 6061 terminal materials. Therefore, high quality 6061 alloys are also heavily dependent on importation and are extremely passive in technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rare earth aluminum alloy bar for forging aluminum alloy hubs and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the rare earth aluminum alloy bar for forging the aluminum alloy hub comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0.6-0.8% of Si, 0.15-0.25% of Fe, 0.2-0.3% of Cu, 0.06-0.10% of Mn, 0.8-1.2% of Mg, 0.2-0.3% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.05% of Zn, 0.02-0.06% of Ti, 0.05-0.20% of LaCe misch metal and the balance of Al.
Further, the proportion of rare earth lanthanum and cerium is La: and (0.5-2) Ce is 1.
Furthermore, the ratio of magnesium to silicon is 1.35-1.55, the content of single impurity is less than or equal to 0.05%, and the total content of impurity is less than or equal to 0.15%.
The preparation method of the rare earth aluminum alloy bar for forging the aluminum alloy hub comprises the step of adding aluminum lanthanum cerium intermediate alloy in the alloying process.
Preferably, the step of preparing the aluminum lanthanum cerium intermediate alloy comprises the following steps:
placing aluminum metal in intermediate frequency induction furnace equipment for heating, and after the aluminum metal is completely melted, continuing to heat to 830-850 ℃ and keeping the temperature stable;
adding rare earth metal lanthanum cerium into the molten aluminum, preserving heat after the rare earth metal lanthanum cerium is completely melted, and degassing and deslagging after heat preservation;
and after degassing and deslagging, reducing the temperature of the melt to 750-800 ℃, keeping the temperature constant, standing, and pouring into a metal mold to obtain the ingot of the aluminum lanthanum cerium intermediate alloy.
Preferably, the ratio of rare earth metals lanthanum and cerium La: and (0.5-2) Ce is 1.
Preferably, in the aluminum-lanthanum-cerium intermediate alloy, the content of rare earth LaCe is calculated by weight percentage, the total amount of lanthanum and cerium is 10-20%, and the proportion of rare earth lanthanum and cerium is La: and (0.5-2) Ce is 1.
Preferably, the step of preparing the rare earth alloy cast rod comprises:
putting an aluminum ingot, heating to 720-750 ℃ and melting;
when the temperature of the aluminum liquid is 725 +/-25 ℃, uniformly scattering the slag removing agent into the furnace, fully stirring for 5-10 minutes, and removing floating slag on the surface of the aluminum liquid;
alloying when the temperature of the molten aluminum is 730-750 ℃, and refining by spraying argon at the temperature of the melt of 720-740 ℃, wherein the dosage of a spraying refining agent is 1-2 kg/ton of aluminum, and the refining time is 40-60 minutes;
casting the melt into a round bar by a semi-continuous casting machine when the temperature of the melt is 720-750 ℃, and adding an aluminum-titanium-boron wire into a flow channel by a wire feeder in the casting process to refine the crystal grains of the cast bar;
heating the obtained rare earth alloy cast rod to 570 +/-10 ℃, preserving the heat for 8-10 hours, and then, introducing the rare earth alloy cast rod into a cooling chamber for spray cooling to obtain a homogenized rare earth-containing 6061 cast rod.
Preferably, the wire feeding speed is 2 m/min-3 m/min, online refining is carried out in a launder, and argon with the argon content of more than 99.7 percent is introduced into the alloy liquid through an online degasser; and filtering by adopting a double-layer ceramic filter plate with the porosity of 30ppi and 50ppi, further purifying the melt, and finally obtaining the rare earth aluminum alloy cast rod.
Preferably, Mg and Zn are added in a pure metal form, Cu, Mn, Cr, Ti, Si and Fe are added in an intermediate alloy mode, finally, an aluminum lanthanum cerium intermediate alloy is added, and the mixture is stirred for 10-15 minutes to uniformly mix all components in the melt; selecting the intermediate alloy: Al-Si alloy, Al-Fe alloy, Al-Cu alloy, Al-Mn alloy, Al-Cr alloy, or Al-Ti alloy.
The invention has the technical effects that:
1. the invention successfully obtains the 6061 aluminum alloy bar with improved alloy structure and improved strength and plasticity by adding a certain proportion of mixed lanthanum-cerium (La and Ce) rare earth elements into the aluminum alloy and adopting a proper casting process and a proper heat treatment process.
2. On the basis of 6061 aluminum alloy specified in the national standard GB/T3191-2010, the addition range of Cr and Mn elements and the Mg/Si ratio are strictly controlled, and meanwhile, lanthanum and cerium rare earth elements mixed in a specific ratio are added.
Cr and Mn play a role in restraining the growth of crystal grains in the aluminum alloy.
The lanthanum-cerium-rare earth mixed in a specific proportion can cause larger component supercooling, and is beneficial to refining alpha-Al crystal grains. In addition, the addition of rare earth elements can reduce Mg2The Si phase size converts the needle-shaped harmful phase beta-AlFeSi into a granular alpha-AlFeSi phase, and reduces the cutting effect on the matrix. Meanwhile, the rare earth can also form various complex compounds (AlFeSi, AlFeSiREMg, AlSiRE and the like) with Fe, so that iron-rich phase impurities around the grain boundary are reduced, and the grain boundary is purified.
Through the action, the strength and the elongation of the 6061 semi-continuous cast rod are improved, and finally the 6061 cast rod has good surface quality, the tensile strength can reach more than 180MPa, and the elongation can reach more than 30%.
3. The invention improves the mechanical property of the alloy through process control and heat treatment process, so that the tensile strength of the 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy semi-continuous casting rod reaches more than 180MPa, the elongation reaches more than 30 percent, and the grain size reaches 72 mu m, thereby meeting the application of the alloy in the industry of forging aluminum alloy hubs.
Drawings
FIG. 1a is a metallographic structure of 6061 aluminum alloy in a comparative example of the present invention;
FIG. 1b is a metallographic structure of a semi-continuous cast 6061 aluminum alloy rod containing 0.05% LaCe according to example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 1c is a metallographic structure of a semi-continuous cast 6061 aluminum alloy rod containing 0.2% LaCe according to example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing tensile tests of cast bars in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description sufficiently illustrates specific embodiments of the invention to enable those skilled in the art to practice and reproduce it. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.
The preparation method of the rare earth aluminum alloy bar for forging the aluminum alloy hub comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: preparing an aluminum lanthanum cerium intermediate alloy;
step 11: placing aluminum metal (industrial pure aluminum) in intermediate frequency induction furnace equipment for heating, and after the aluminum metal is completely melted, continuing to heat to 830-850 ℃ and keeping the temperature stable;
step 12: adding a certain proportion of mixed rare earth metal lanthanum and cerium into the molten aluminum, preserving heat (preserving heat for half an hour) after the rare earth metal lanthanum and cerium are completely melted, and degassing and deslagging after heat preservation;
step 13: and after degassing and deslagging, reducing the temperature of the melt to 750-plus-800 ℃, keeping the temperature constant, standing for 5 minutes, and pouring into a metal mold to obtain the ingot casting ingot of the aluminum lanthanum cerium intermediate alloy.
In the aluminum lanthanum cerium intermediate alloy, the content of rare earth LaCe is calculated by weight percentage, the total amount of lanthanum cerium is 10-20%, the proportion of rare earth lanthanum cerium is La: and (0.5-2) Ce is 1.
Step 2: preparing a rare earth alloy cast rod;
step 21: putting an aluminum ingot, heating to 720-750 ℃ and melting;
step 22: when the temperature of the aluminum liquid is 725 +/-25 ℃, uniformly scattering a slag removing agent into the furnace, and fully stirring for 5-10 minutes, wherein the adding amount of the slag removing agent is 0.03% of the total amount of the alloy, and removing floating slag on the surface of the aluminum liquid;
step 23: alloying when the temperature of the aluminum liquid is 730-750 ℃;
mg and Zn are added in a pure metal form, Cu, Mn, Cr, Ti, Si and Fe are added in an intermediate alloy mode, finally, the aluminum lanthanum cerium intermediate alloy is added, and the mixture is stirred for 10-15 minutes to uniformly mix all the components in the melt. The smelting equipment is a gas furnace or an electric arc furnace.
The rare earth intermediate alloy is added before refining and after other alloys are added, so that the burning loss of rare earth elements is reduced as much as possible.
Step 24: refining the melt by argon powder spraying at the temperature of 720-740 ℃, wherein the refining time is 40-60 minutes;
the purity of the argon is more than 99.7 percent, and the dosage of a powder injection refining agent is 1-2 kg per ton of aluminum; skimming floating slag on the liquid surface after refining; and standing the refined melt for 20-30 minutes.
Step 25: and casting the melt into a phi 254mm round bar by a semi-continuous casting machine when the temperature of the melt is 720-750 ℃.
Adding an aluminum-titanium-boron wire into a flow groove through a wire feeder to refine the crystal grains of the cast rod in the casting process, wherein the wire feeding speed is 2-3 m/min; carrying out online refining in a launder, and introducing high-purity argon into the alloy liquid through an online degasser, wherein the content of the argon is more than 99.7%; and finally, filtering by adopting a double-layer ceramic filter plate with the porosity of 30ppi and 50ppi, further purifying the melt, and finally casting a ingot to obtain the rare earth aluminum alloy cast rod.
And step 3: and (6) homogenizing.
Heating the obtained rare earth alloy cast rod to 570 +/-10 ℃, preserving heat for 8-10 hours, and then entering a cooling chamber for spray cooling to obtain a homogenized rare earth-containing 6061 cast rod.
The 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy bar for forging the aluminum alloy hub comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0.6-0.8% of Si; 0.15-0.25% of Fe; 0.2-0.3% of Cu; 0.06-0.10% of Mn; 0.8-1.2% of Mg; 0.2-0.3% of Cr; zn is less than or equal to 0.05 percent; 0.02-0.06% of Ti; 0.05-0.20% of LaCe misch metal; the ratio of magnesium to silicon is 1.35-1.55; less than or equal to 0.05 percent of single impurity, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of total amount of impurity and the balance of Al.
Comparative example: preparing a 6061 aluminum alloy semi-continuous casting rod without rare earth.
Melting: putting an aluminum ingot into a furnace, heating to 720-750 ℃ and melting;
slagging: uniformly spreading the slag removing agent into the furnace at the temperature of 725 +/-25 ℃ and fully stirring for 5-10 minutes, wherein the adding amount of the slag removing agent is 0.03 percent of the total amount of the alloy, and removing floating slag on the surface of the aluminum liquid;
alloying: adding copper, silicon, manganese, iron, titanium, magnesium, chromium, zinc and the like when the temperature of the melt is 730-750 ℃, wherein the magnesium and the zinc are removed and added in a pure metal form, and the rest are added in an intermediate alloy mode, and the adding sequence of the intermediate alloy is not sequential; adding the alloy, and stirring for 10-15 minutes to uniformly mix all components in the melt;
refining: when the melt temperature is 720-740 ℃, high-purity argon is adopted for spraying powder and refining, wherein the content of argon is more than 99.7%; the refining time is 40-60 minutes, and the dosage of a powder injection refining agent is 1-2 kg/ton aluminum; skimming floating slag on the liquid surface after refining; standing the refined melt for 20-30 minutes;
casting: casting the melt into a phi 254mm round bar by a semi-continuous casting machine when the temperature of the melt is 720-750 ℃; adding an aluminum-titanium-boron wire into a flow groove through a wire feeder to refine the crystal grains of the cast rod in the casting process, wherein the wire feeding speed is 2-3 m/min; carrying out online refining in a launder, and introducing high-purity argon into the alloy liquid through an online degasser, wherein the content of the argon is more than 99.7%; finally, filtering by adopting 30ppi and 50ppi double-layer ceramic filter plates, further purifying the melt, and finally obtaining a cast rod;
homogenizing: heating the cast rod obtained in the previous step to 570 +/-10 ℃, preserving heat for 8-10 hours, and then entering a cooling chamber for spray cooling to obtain a homogenized cast rod containing rare earth 6061.
Example 1: a 6061 aluminum alloy semi-continuous casting bar containing 0.05 percent of LaCe is prepared.
Melting: putting an aluminum ingot into a furnace, heating to 720-750 ℃ and melting;
slagging: uniformly spreading a slag removing agent into the furnace at the temperature of 725 +/-25 ℃, fully stirring for 5-10 minutes, wherein the adding amount of the slag removing agent is 0.03 percent of the total amount of the alloy, and removing dross on the surface of the aluminum industry;
alloying: adding copper, silicon, manganese, iron, titanium, magnesium, chromium, zinc and lanthanum-cerium mixed rare earth when the melt temperature is 730-750 ℃, wherein the magnesium and the zinc of the elements are removed and added in a pure metal form, and the rest are added in an intermediate alloy mode, wherein the aluminum-lanthanum-cerium intermediate alloy is added at last, the weight of the lanthanum-cerium intermediate alloy accounts for 0.05% of the total weight, and the proportion of the lanthanum-cerium rare earth is 1:1, adding other intermediate alloys in a non-sequential order; adding the alloy, and stirring for 10-15 minutes to uniformly mix all components in the melt;
refining: when the melt temperature is 720-740 ℃, high-purity argon is adopted for spraying powder and refining, wherein the content of argon is more than 99.7%; the refining time is 40-60 minutes, and the dosage of a powder injection refining agent is 1-2 kg/ton aluminum; skimming floating slag on the liquid surface after refining; standing the refined melt for 20-30 minutes;
casting: casting the melt into a phi 254mm round bar by a semi-continuous casting machine when the temperature of the melt is 720-750 ℃; adding an aluminum-titanium-boron wire into a flow groove through a wire feeder to refine the crystal grains of the cast rod in the casting process, wherein the wire feeding speed is 2-3 m/min; carrying out online refining in a launder, and introducing high-purity argon into the alloy liquid through an online degasser, wherein the content of the argon is more than 99.7%; and finally, filtering by adopting 30ppi and 50ppi double-layer ceramic filter plates, further purifying the melt, and finally obtaining the cast rod.
Homogenizing: heating the cast rod obtained in the previous step to 570 +/-10 ℃, preserving heat for 8-10 hours, and then entering a cooling chamber for spray cooling to obtain a homogenized cast rod containing rare earth 6061.
Example 2: a 6061 aluminum alloy semi-continuous casting rod containing 0.2 percent of LaCe is prepared.
Melting: putting an aluminum ingot into a furnace, heating to 720-750 ℃ and melting;
slagging: uniformly spreading a slag removing agent into the furnace at the temperature of 725 +/-25 ℃, fully stirring for 5-10 minutes, wherein the adding amount of the slag removing agent is 0.03 percent of the total amount of the alloy, and removing dross on the surface of the aluminum industry;
alloying: adding mixed rare earth of copper, silicon, manganese, iron, titanium, magnesium, chromium and lanthanum and cerium when the melt temperature is 730-750 ℃, wherein the magnesium and the zinc of the elements are removed and added in a pure metal form, and the rest are added in an intermediate alloy mode, wherein the aluminum, lanthanum and cerium intermediate alloy is added at last, the weight of the lanthanum and cerium intermediate alloy accounts for 0.2 percent of the total weight, the ratio of the lanthanum to cerium rare earth is 1:1, and the adding sequence of other intermediate alloys is not sequential; adding the alloy, and stirring for 10-15 minutes to uniformly mix all components in the melt;
refining: when the melt temperature is 720-740 ℃, high-purity argon is adopted for spraying powder and refining, wherein the content of argon is more than 99.7%; the refining time is 40-60 minutes, and the dosage of a powder injection refining agent is 1-2 kg/ton aluminum; skimming floating slag on the liquid surface after refining; standing the refined melt for 20-30 minutes;
casting: casting the melt into a phi 254mm round bar by a semi-continuous casting machine when the temperature of the melt is 720-750 ℃; adding an aluminum-titanium-boron wire into a flow groove through a wire feeder to refine the crystal grains of the cast rod in the casting process, wherein the wire feeding speed is 2-3 m/min; carrying out online refining in a launder, and introducing high-purity argon into the alloy liquid through an online degasser, wherein the content of the argon is more than 99.7%; and finally, filtering by adopting 30ppi and 50ppi double-layer ceramic filter plates to further purify the melt, and finally obtaining the cast rod.
Homogenizing: heating the cast rod obtained in the previous step to 570 +/-10 ℃, preserving heat for 8-10 hours, and then entering a cooling chamber for spray cooling to obtain a homogenized cast rod containing rare earth 6061.
Samples were taken from the 6061 aluminum alloy semi-continuous cast rods obtained in examples 1 to 3, and after grinding, polishing and etching, the microstructure and grain size of the alloy were observed under an optical microscope.
FIG. 1a shows the metallographic structure of 6061 aluminum alloy in the comparative example of the present invention. FIG. 1b shows the metallographic structure of a semi-continuous cast 6061 aluminum alloy rod containing 0.05% LaCe according to example 1 of the present invention. FIG. 1c shows the metallographic structure of a semi-continuous cast 6061 aluminum alloy rod containing 0.2% LaCe according to example 2 of the present invention.
The grain size of 6061 without rare earth addition from fig. 1a is about 135 μm.
As can be seen from FIGS. 1b and 1c, the alloy structure has fewer black spots and smaller grain size after the rare earth is added. After adding 0.05% and 0.2% of lanthanum-cerium mixed rare earth with specific proportion, the grain size of the alloy respectively reaches 72 mu m and 73 mu m.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing tensile tests of the cast bars of examples 1 to 3 of the present invention.
As can be seen from the tensile test result of FIG. 2, the tensile strength and elongation of the 6061 aluminum alloy cast rod added with rare earth are obviously improved, wherein the tensile strength of the 6061 cast rod added with 0.05% of 1:1 lanthanum-cerium mixed rare earth can reach 201MPa, and the elongation reaches 30.9%.
The 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy semi-continuous cast rod with smooth surface and no macroscopic surface defect can be clearly seen through the comparison of the obtained 6061 aluminum alloy semi-continuous cast rod material objects.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and illustration, rather than of limitation. As the present invention may be embodied in several forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof, it should also be understood that the above-described embodiments are not limited by any of the details of the foregoing description, but rather should be construed broadly within its spirit and scope as defined in the appended claims, and therefore all changes and modifications that fall within the meets and bounds of the claims, or equivalences of such meets and bounds are therefore intended to be embraced by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The rare earth aluminum alloy bar for forging the aluminum alloy hub is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 0.6-0.8% of Si, 0.15-0.25% of Fe, 0.2-0.3% of Cu, 0.06-0.10% of Mn, 0.8-1.2% of Mg, 0.2-0.3% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.05% of Zn, 0.02-0.06% of Ti, 0.05-0.20% of LaCe misch metal and the balance of Al.
2. The rare earth aluminum alloy rod for forging aluminum alloy hubs according to claim 1, wherein the rare earth lanthanum cerium ratio is La: and (0.5-2) Ce is 1.
3. The rare earth aluminum alloy rod for forging aluminum alloy hubs according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of Mg to Si is 1.35 to 1.55, the content of individual impurities is 0.05% or less, and the total content of impurities is 0.15% or less.
4. The method for preparing a rare earth aluminum alloy rod for forging an aluminum alloy hub as recited in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an Al-La-Ce intermediate alloy is added during the alloying process.
5. The method of manufacturing a rare earth aluminum alloy rod for forging aluminum alloy hubs as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step of manufacturing the Al-La-Ce intermediate alloy comprises:
placing aluminum metal in intermediate frequency induction furnace equipment for heating, and after the aluminum metal is completely melted, continuing to heat to 830-850 ℃ and keeping the temperature stable;
adding rare earth metal lanthanum cerium into the molten aluminum, preserving heat after the rare earth metal lanthanum cerium is completely melted, and degassing and deslagging after heat preservation;
and after degassing and deslagging, reducing the temperature of the melt to 750-800 ℃, keeping the temperature constant, standing, and pouring into a metal mold to obtain the ingot of the aluminum lanthanum cerium intermediate alloy.
6. The method of manufacturing a rare earth aluminum alloy rod for forging aluminum alloy wheel hubs as claimed in claim 5, wherein the ratio La: and (0.5-2) Ce is 1.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the content of LaCe in the Al-La-Ce intermediate alloy is 10-20 wt%, the ratio of La: and (0.5-2) Ce is 1.
8. The method of making a rare earth aluminum alloy rod for a forged aluminum alloy hub of claim 4, wherein the step of making a rare earth alloy cast rod comprises:
putting an aluminum ingot, heating to 720-750 ℃ and melting;
when the temperature of the aluminum liquid is 725 +/-25 ℃, uniformly scattering the slag removing agent into the furnace, fully stirring for 5-10 minutes, and removing floating slag on the surface of the aluminum liquid;
alloying when the temperature of the molten aluminum is 730-750 ℃, and refining by spraying argon at the temperature of the melt of 720-740 ℃, wherein the dosage of a spraying refining agent is 1-2 kg/ton of aluminum, and the refining time is 40-60 minutes;
casting the melt into a round bar by a semi-continuous casting machine when the temperature of the melt is 720-750 ℃, and adding an aluminum-titanium-boron wire into a flow channel by a wire feeder in the casting process to refine the crystal grains of the cast bar;
heating the obtained rare earth alloy cast rod to 570 +/-10 ℃, preserving the heat for 8-10 hours, and then, introducing the rare earth alloy cast rod into a cooling chamber for spray cooling to obtain a homogenized rare earth-containing 6061 cast rod.
9. The method of manufacturing a rare earth aluminum alloy rod for forging an aluminum alloy hub according to claim 8, wherein the wire feeding speed is 2m/min to 3m/min, online refining is performed in a launder, and argon having an argon content of 99.7% or more is introduced into the alloy liquid by an online degasser; and filtering by adopting a double-layer ceramic filter plate with the porosity of 30ppi and 50ppi, further purifying the melt, and finally obtaining the rare earth aluminum alloy cast rod.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein Mg and Zn are added as pure metals, Cu, Mn, Cr, Ti, Si, Fe are added as master alloys, and finally the Al-La-Ce master alloy is added, and the mixture is stirred for 10-15 minutes to uniformly mix the components in the melt; selecting the intermediate alloy: Al-Si alloy, Al-Fe alloy, Al-Cu alloy, Al-Mn alloy, Al-Cr alloy, or Al-Ti alloy.
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