CN1136786C - Fresh feed for salmon - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides fresh feed for salmons for the technical field of feed, which is mainly characterized in that the fresh feed for salmons comprises the following components by composition proportion of percentage: 40 to 60% of fresh wild fish, 20 to 40% of bean cake, 10 to 18% of secondary powder, 4 to 10% of soybean oil, 0.5 to 1.5% of vitamin, 0 to 1% of mineral substance and 0 to 25.5% of fish powder. Compared with the existing fresh feed for salmons, the present invention has the advantages of comprehensive nutrition, high palatability, accelerated growth, rich source, reduced fish disease, etc.

Description

Fresh feed for salmon

The invention belongs to field of feed, is a kind of fresh feed for salmon.

Three civilian trouts belong to cold water fishes, and suitable living in the water of lower temperature is to having relatively high expectations of water environment.The water temperature of optimum growth is 12 ℃-18 ℃, and is pure and fresh in water quality, can survive in the moving water that dissolved oxygen enriches.It is fast that three civilian trouts have a growth, and the bait utilization height such as easily fishes at advantage.In the fish that China cultures, three civilian trouts are the high food fish of a kind of nutritive value, and fish body inner cholesterol content is extremely low, high protein, and low heat value contains abundant omega-3 fatty acid and cephalin, lecithin.Omega-3 fatty acid can reduce the cholesterol level in the blood of human body, effectively prevents and treats cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, is brain tonic and antisenility cistanche food.

Three civilian trouts are at the early-stage in the breed of China, and the feed formula of rainbow trout (three civilian trouts) has been delivered in " agricultural science and technology and information " 97 years (4) and (6).Its prescription is as follows: imported fish meal 40%, bean powder 40%, inferior powder 14%, soya-bean oil 5%, vitamin 1%.By the nursing of a period of time, find that there is following technical disadvantages in its prescription: one, fat content is on the low side; Two, palatability relatively poor (it is not positive to show that the feeding macrura reevesii is robbed food); Three, the fish food back speed of growth is slower; Four, efficiency of feed utilization (residual feed is more at the bottom of feeding after-bay at every turn) on the low side.

Because salmon trout flying fish class belongs to cold water fish, in the water body that suitable growth is lower in water temperature, water quality is pure and fresh, flow, it safeguards existence and the desired nutritional that is used to grow mainly obtains by the picked-up man-made feeds, the particularity of its living environment requires mixed feed will contain higher fat, earns a bare living under low temperature environment and grows the energy needed source guaranteeing.The inventor is through viewing test, think after the analysis: the salmon trout belongs to predacious fish, the sense of taste is responsive especially to having or not fresh fish in the feed, though through behind the domestication, still do not change its wild feeding habits characteristics fully, lower to the feed appetite that do not contain wild fishes, though the protein content in the feed meet the requirements, can for the digestion of fish body, absorb, utilize less.Therefore, fish ingests behind this feed, and it is slower to grow, and disease easily takes place.And the feed cost height, cause production cost higher.

The three civilian trout feeds that the purpose of this invention is to provide that a kind of comprehensive nutrition, palatability are strong, tachyauxesis, source are abundant, reduce fish disease.

The technical staff is in production practices, repeatedly change forage compounding, summed up the fresh feed prescription that is fit to three civilian trout growths at last, fill a prescription following proportioning of its fresh feed adopts percentage by weight: bright wild fish 40-60%, soya-bean cake 20-40%, inferior powder 10-18%, soybean oil 4-10%, vitamin 0.5-1.5%, mineral matter 0-1%, fish meal 0-25.5%.Fresh feed optimization formula ratio range: bright wild fish 40-55%, soya-bean cake 25-30%, inferior powder 10-15%, soybean lecithin oil 4-18%, fish are used vitamin 1%, mineral matter 1%, fish meal 0-25.5%.

The fresh feed prescription of this invention has following advantage: (1) good palatability (it is fierce to rob food when showing the fish food, and feeding time obviously shortens).(2) fat content is higher, and the essential amino acids content appropriateness through feeding after a while, has reduced the incidence of fish disease.(3) fast growth of fish (form the finished product fish more than 3 kilograms, required time has only 15 months, and the marketable fish of same specification is formed in other places, and required time is 3-5).(4) manufacture craft is simple (after required raw material is got ready in the prescription, replaces large-scale material fodder machine with small meat mincer, presses requirement processing according to each feeding volume scene.Reduced complicated pellet and added technology).(5) efficiency of feed utilization height (after throwing something and feeding, the pond base does not originally have the feed residual at every turn) (6) feed cost is low (has replaced expensive fish meal with the assorted wild fish of cheap aquatic foods.1500 yuan/ton of bright wild fisheses, 4800 yuan/ton of fish meal).

The feed formula that development makes new advances is that we have have conscientiously researched and analysed the physiological characteristic of three civilian trouts and the result of life habit.When not reducing protein content in the feed (being not less than 35%), with fresh wild fishes substituted fish meal, the feeding habits demand (wild habit) that has satisfied three civilian trouts has improved the palatability and the utilization rate of mixed feed, and reduction by a relatively large margin the cost of feed.

Three civilian trout desired nutritional indexs:

1, protein

In the various nutriments of rainbow trout mixed feed, protein quantitatively occupy the umber one, also is the greatest factor that influences feed cost simultaneously.It is the material base of rainbow trout vital movement, is the material of regulating and control life, and it is directly connected to life growth and the breeding of rainbow trout.Show that according to many results of study the protein requirement of rainbow trout feed is 35-40%.

2, fat

Most of fat, its 85-90% is digestible, and rainbow trout is 90% to the conversion ratio of fat, and fat is the main thermal energy storage thing of rainbow trout soma.Extensively movable or take the photograph bait when not enough, it is very high that body fat can satisfy long-term energy requirement, and experiment shows, best rate of body weight gain and weightening finish coefficient occur with the feedstuff feeding rainbow trout that contains 25% fat.

3, carbohydrate

Carbohydrate is a kind of cheap energy, and its content is generally 10% in the rainbow trout mixed feed.It also has adhesive effect except as the energy feed in the feed process.

4, vitamin

Vitamin is rainbow trout growth and the necessary nutrients of metabolism.It generally is two times of the required addition of growth that rainbow trout cooperates the addition raise vitamin in the product.As follows:

Rainbow trout vitamin minimal requirement (mg/kg)

Title A (IU) D (IU) E K B1 B2 B6 B12

Requirement 2,500 240 30 10 10 20 10 0.02

Title pantothenic acid folic acid nicotinic acid biotin choline inositol c

Requirement 40 5 150 1 3,000 400 100

The required primary raw material of three civilian trouts:

1, fish meal.Fish meal is the main source of protein in the present rainbow trout breeding feed.The addition of rainbow trout feed high-quality fish meal is generally 30-60%.

2, soy meal.Soy meal is to culture the important plant protein source of rainbow trout, wherein crude protein 35-45%.Fat 16-22%.Rainbow trout is about 80% to soy proteinaceous digestibility.Soy meal can add 10-30% in rainbow trout feed.

3, blood meal.Addition in rainbow trout feed is about 5%.

4, grease.Add a certain amount of grease in the rainbow trout feed, a large amount heat energy can be provided and save protein.Grease commonly used in the Lebistes reticulatus feed has fish oil, soybean lecithin oil and soya-bean oil sludge.Its addition in feed is 15-20%.

5, wheat flour.At feed in its energy and adhesive effect.Wherein proportion is below 15% in the rainbow trout feed.

6, vitamin.Because the rainbow trout enteron aisle is short, self can not synthetic vitamin, can only from food, absorb, so rainbow trout is very high to the vitamin needs amount.Must in feed, add enough vitamin, could guarantee that rainbow trout grows normally.

Further set forth the detailed content of this invention below in conjunction with embodiment.

Feed formula embodiment below is provided

Prescription 1: bright wild fish 40%, bean powder 25%, inferior powder 15%, soybean oil (crude oil) 18%, vitamin 1%, mineral matter 1%;

Prescription 2: bright wild fish 50%, bean powder 30%, inferior powder 12%, soybean oil (crude oil) 6%, vitamin 1%, mineral matter 1%;

Bright wild fish 50%, fish meal 10%, soya-bean cake 20%, inferior powder 15%, soybean lecithin oil 4%, fish are used vitamin 1%;

The processing technology of rainbow trout feed: 1, the dry powder of various raw materials is mixed thoroughly in required ratio mixing; 2, add a certain amount of moisture as required feed is stirred, moisten a moment; 3, the moist forage of mixing thoroughly is made soft material feed in meat grinder; 4, soft material feed will making is cool to half-dried can throwing something and feeding.

Further set forth the detailed content of this invention below in conjunction with embodiment.

Fat is the main heat energy source of trout section fish injected organism tissue, uses when containing the feedstuff feeding of 15%-20% fat, and best rate of body weight gain appears in three civilian trouts.When in feed, adding fat, use soybean lecithin oil effect reason good.Because soybean lecithin oil is rich in multivitamin, content of phospholipid is also higher, and price is lower.The feed of higher fat, the psychological need of the most suitable three civilian trouts can satisfy three low water temperatures of civilian trout opposing and the consumption of growth energy needed.Owing in feed, used more wild fishes and soybean lecithin oil, make that the fish body is amino acid needed more to be tending towards reasonable.

In the feed process, we have adopted simple machining process.According to each required feeding volume, get raw material ready by formula rate, process at the scene with small meat mincer, vitamin is destroyed in process thereby reduced by big material fodder machine.Also guarantee the fresh agreeable to the taste of feed, improved the utilization rate of feed.

Reservoir fish farm, duck river mouth is the three civilian trouts of culturing since in April, 1999, from June, 1999 throw something and feed the development mixed feed.Because this feed formula is reasonable, comprehensive nutrition makes three civilian trouts fast growth occur, the good situation of physique stalwartness.Through 15 months raising, through the selective examination to rainbow trout, its structure was as follows:

Selective examination every group of weight of every group of mantissa of group number (kilogram)

1 3 6.1

2 4 7.8

3 4 8.3

4 3 6.4

5 5 10.6

2 kilograms of average individual weights, 3.1 kilograms of maximum individual weights.

The fresh feed prescription of development is supported in the process of three civilian trouts and trout in examination, observes through careful, and test of many times, serious analysis is developed the trout feed of salmon trout section fish special use, has prescription rationally, and is nutritious, the utilization rate height.Fish food back fast growth has improved resistance against diseases.Feed is fresh, and is cheap.Reduced production cost, improved economic benefit, had better practicality and higher popularization and application values with this feed.

Claims (2)

1, a kind of fresh feed for salmon is characterized in that proportioning composed of the following components adopts percentage by weight:

Bright wild fish 40-60%, soya-bean cake 20-40%, inferior powder 10-18%, soybean oil 4-10%, vitamin 0.5-1.5%, mineral matter 0-1%, fish meal 0-25.5%.

2, as right 1 described a kind of fresh feed for salmon, it is characterized in that (percentage by weight) composed of the following components:

Bright wild fish 40-55%, soya-bean cake 25-30%, inferior powder 10-15%, soybean lecithin oil 4-18%, fish are used vitamin 1%, mineral matter 1%, fish meal 0-25.5%.