CN112505976A - Optical signal amplification method - Google Patents
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- 229910000980 Aluminium gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
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- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
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- G02F1/395—Non-linear optics for parametric generation or amplification of light, infrared or ultraviolet waves in optical waveguides
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
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Abstract
The invention provides an optical signal amplification method, which comprises the following steps: receiving a first optical signal to be amplified, and generating a second optical signal through the first optical signal and a pump optical device; amplifying the second optical signal through a Raman fiber amplifier to obtain a third optical signal; the third optical signal is passed through a first second order optical nonlinear bragg reflection waveguide to generate a fourth optical signal, the fourth optical signal further comprising an invalid signal; and performing phase-sensitive amplification on the fourth optical signal through a second-order optical nonlinear Bragg reflection waveguide to generate a fifth optical signal. By the method, on one hand, the noise index of the optical fiber amplifier can be effectively reduced, and the optical signal-to-noise ratio of the system is improved; on the other hand, the Bragg reflection waveguide is used for filtering the optical signal in the amplification process of the optical signal, so that the noise in the amplification process is reduced, and the optical signal-to-noise ratio is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an optical communication system, in particular to an optical signal amplification method.
Background
In an optical communication network, information is transmitted in the form of optical signals through optical fibers, which are thin glass filaments capable of transmitting signals over long distances, and optical communication devices mainly include optical communication devices, optical access devices, and optical transmission devices. In an optical fiber network, original information needs to be modulated for transmission, and common modulation methods include Phase Shift Keying (PSK), Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK), and Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM).
Phase Shift Keying (PSK): a modulation technique for representing input signal information in terms of carrier phase. The phase shift keying is divided into an absolute phase shift and a relative phase shift. Phase modulation with the phase of the unmodulated carrier as a reference is called absolute phase shifting. Taking binary phase modulation as an example, when a code element is taken as '1', a modulated carrier wave is in phase with an unmodulated carrier wave; when the code element is taken as '0', the modulated carrier wave and the unmodulated carrier wave are reversed; the "1" and "0" time are 180 ° out of phase with the modulated carrier.
The modulation method of controlling the carrier frequency variation by digital signal is called frequency shift keying. Amplitude keying is realized by ASK, and the modulation method is to adjust the amplitude of a sine wave according to different signals. Amplitude keying may be achieved by a multiplier and switching circuit. The carrier wave is switched on or off under the control of a digital signal 1 or 0, and the carrier wave is switched on in a state that the signal is 1, and at the moment, the carrier wave appears on a transmission channel; in the state of 0, the carrier is turned off, and no carrier is transmitted on the transmission channel. Then we can recover 1 and 0 of the digital signal at the receiving end according to the existence of the carrier wave. The frequency bandwidth for a binary amplitude keying signal is twice the width of the binary baseband signal.
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) is a Modulation scheme that performs Amplitude Modulation on two orthogonal carriers. These two carriers are typically sine waves with a phase difference of 90 degrees (pi/2) and are therefore referred to as quadrature carriers.
With the increasing data transmission rate of optical networks, T/s level has been reached, and the requirement for optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) is higher and higher. In the optical network with high-speed transmission, noise accumulated by the cascade connection of the optical amplifiers has great influence on the optical signal-to-noise ratio, so that the conversion times of light, electricity and light are indirectly increased, and the transmission cost of signals is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving the above problems, and provides a method for amplifying an optical signal, so as to solve the problem that the OSNR of the optical signal is required to be as high as possible during high-speed optical network transmission.
The invention is realized by the following scheme:
an optical signal amplification method comprising: receiving a first optical signal to be amplified, and generating a second optical signal through the first optical signal and a pump optical device;
amplifying the second optical signal through a Raman fiber amplifier to obtain a third optical signal;
the third optical signal is passed through a first second order optical nonlinear bragg reflection waveguide to generate a fourth optical signal, the fourth optical signal further comprising an invalid signal;
performing phase-sensitive amplification on the fourth optical signal through a second-order optical nonlinear Bragg reflection waveguide to generate a fifth optical signal;
the pumping light device comprises at least one pumping light source, a wave combiner and a control module;
the control module is used for realizing the detection and control of the working state of the pump light source;
the second-order optical nonlinear Bragg reflection waveguide is composed of a central cavity and two p-type Bragg reflectors, wherein the central defect layer is made of AlGaAs material with the thickness of 1 mu m, the upper Bragg reflector and the lower Bragg reflector are made of AlGaAs/GaAs material with the thickness of 120nm/700nm, and the high refractive index of the central cavity is the same as that of the Bragg reflectors.
Preferably, in the optical signal amplification method, the first optical signal includes at least one wavelength channel for wavelength division multiplexing.
Preferably, in the optical signal amplification method, the wavelength channel is modulated by orthogonal dual polarization including portions of an X pole and a Y pole.
Preferably, in the optical signal amplification method, the wavelength channel is modulated mainly by PSK, FSK, ASK, QAM.
Preferably, in the optical signal amplification method, the pump light and the null signal are removed by wavelength selection for the fifth optical signal.
Preferably, in the optical signal amplification method, the pump light is linearly polarized light or circularly polarized light.
Preferably, in the optical signal amplification method, a light source of the pump light is a pump laser having a wavelength range of 1455 to 1510 nm.
Preferably, in the optical signal amplification method, the invalid signal is a conjugate signal of the first optical signal.
Preferably, in the optical signal amplification method, the wavelengths of the null signal and the first optical signal are equidistant from the wavelength of the pump light.
Preferably, in the optical signal amplification method, the raman fiber amplifier includes: the optical fiber amplifier comprises a wave combiner, second pump light, a first isolator, a second isolator and a gain flattening filter; wherein,
the common end of the wave combiner is connected with the output end of the first isolator, the reflection end of the wave combiner is connected with the second pump light, the transmission end of the wave combiner is connected with the input end of the second isolator, the output end of the second isolator is connected with the input end of the gain flattening filter, and the output end of the gain flattening filter is used as the output end of the Raman fiber amplifier.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention firstly pumps an original optical signal through pump light, then uses a Raman fiber amplifier to amplify, and then processes the optical signal twice through a second-order optical nonlinear Bragg reflection waveguide to obtain a final amplified signal. By the method, on one hand, the noise index of the optical fiber amplifier can be effectively reduced, and the optical signal-to-noise ratio of the system is improved; on the other hand, the Bragg reflection waveguide is used for filtering the optical signal in the amplification process of the optical signal, so that the noise in the amplification process is reduced, and the optical signal-to-noise ratio is effectively improved; meanwhile, the method has better current carrier limitation, improves the thermal stability of the reflection waveguide, obtains higher current characteristic temperature, can inhibit refractive index guidance, and ensures that the reflection waveguide can carry out effective optical field inhibition.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "disposed" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art. The following describes an embodiment of the present invention based on its overall structure.
Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of an optical signal amplification method of the present invention, which includes: receiving a first optical signal to be amplified, and generating a second optical signal through the first optical signal and a pump optical device;
amplifying the second optical signal through a Raman fiber amplifier to obtain a third optical signal;
the third optical signal is passed through a first second order optical nonlinear bragg reflection waveguide to generate a fourth optical signal, the fourth optical signal further comprising an invalid signal;
performing phase-sensitive amplification on the fourth optical signal through a second-order optical nonlinear Bragg reflection waveguide to generate a fifth optical signal;
the pumping light device comprises at least one pumping light source, a wave combiner and a control module;
the control module is used for realizing the detection and control of the working state of the pump light source;
the Bragg reflection waveguide is a one-dimensional photonic crystal material with line defects, and is composed of an upper Bragg reflector (DBR), a lower Bragg reflector (DBR) and a central cavity, wherein the central cavity forms the line defects optically, and the light transmission direction is perpendicular to the refractive index modulation direction of the DBR. The DBR consists of alternating high and low refractive index materials with refractive indexes of n1 and n2, respectively, and the thicknesses of the high and low refractive index layers are d1 and d2, respectively. The central defect layer has refractive index and thickness of m and n, respectively. When light propagates in such periodic dielectric materials bragg scattering occurs, creating a photonic bandgap, and when the light transmission constant is within the photonic bandgap, light will not propagate in this particular direction.
AlGaAs materials have been in the semiconductor industry for many years and can effectively improve return loss, insertion loss and P-1db index compared with equivalent GaAs PIN structures. In order to improve the conductive property, the second-order optical nonlinear Bragg reflection waveguide is composed of an N-type central cavity and two p-type Bragg reflectors, the central defect layer is made of AlGaAs material with the thickness of 1 mu m, the upper Bragg reflector and the lower Bragg reflector are made of AlGaAs/GaAs material with the thickness of 120nm/700nm, and the high refractive index of the central cavity is the same as that of the Bragg reflectors. The thickness of 1 μm can compromise the electrical and optical properties of the bragg reflector waveguide.
Optical pumping is a process of raising electrons from a lower energy level to a higher energy level in an atom or molecule using light, and by using for a laser structure, a laser medium is pumped to achieve population inversion. In practical applications, optical pumping is often incoherent due to adverse effects such as transition linewidth and hyperfine structure trapping and radiation trapping.
The control module also comprises a microprocessor, a pumping light source driving unit, a light source working performance acquisition unit and a temperature control unit; the circuits are connected with each other through data lines and control lines. When the output power of the pump laser light source needs to be controlled, the microprocessor outputs the output power to the pump laser light source driving unit through the control signal line CS; meanwhile, the microprocessor outputs data to the pumping light source driving unit through a second control signal data line, and the data is amplified and then is sent to a bias current input end of the pumping light source. The optical pumping can effectively realize the energy level transition of the original signal light, but the signal lights with different wavelengths have different energy level differences, so that the pumping light is required to meet the transition requirements of the signal lights with different wavelengths. By the pump light driving unit, the output power of the pump light can be effectively adjusted, and the flexibility and the applicability of the method are greatly improved.
When the temperature of the tube center of the pumping light source needs to be controlled, the microprocessor outputs control information to the temperature control unit; when controlling a pump light source, a corresponding performance check is required for a more accurate feedback adjustment. The pump light can spurt very big energy in the in-process of pumping in the short time, causes the temperature of whole pump light source to climb fast, and continuous temperature is controlled, and the life-span and the stability of influence pump light unit that can be very big are monitored through the temperature control unit to the temperature of pump light source, can guarantee the operation of pump light source reliable and stable.
The AlGaAs is a novel semiconductor material, the central layer is provided with the ALGAAS-based material with the thickness of 1 mu m, and the refractive index of the ALGAAS-based material is the same as that of the high-refractive-index layer of the Bragg reflector, so that the refractive index guidance can be inhibited, and the Bragg reflector waveguide can be ensured to effectively limit the optical field.
The working principle of RFA is based on the Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) effect in optical fibers, which can be explained by the quantum mechanical point of view: a pumping photon is incident to the optical fiber, electrons in the optical fiber are excited and jump from a ground state to a virtual energy level, and then the electrons in the virtual energy level return to a high energy level of a vibration state under the induction of signal light, and simultaneously emit a low-frequency Stokes. In the optical fiber, the energy level of the vibrational state above the ground state has a large range, so that the Raman gain has a wide spectrum (3 dB bandwidth is about 6-7 THz), and has a main peak near the frequency shift of 13.2 THz. If weak signal light and strong pump light are transmitted in the optical fiber at the same time and the wavelength of the signal light is within the raman gain spectrum of the pump light, a part of the energy is transferred from the pump light to the signal light to achieve amplification of the signal light, and the amplifier based on this principle is called RFA. It is characterized in that: (1) the full-wave-band amplification can be realized, the Raman scattering gain wavelength is mainly determined by the pumping wavelength, so that the pumping with proper wavelength is selected, and the amplification of any wavelength can be realized theoretically; (2) the gain medium is the transmission optical fiber, can amplify the optical signal online, realize long-distance unrepeatered transmission and long-range pumping, especially suitable for submarine optical cable communication and other occasions inconvenient to set up the repeater, and because the amplification is distributed along the optical fiber rather than centralized, the signal power everywhere in the optical fiber is smaller, thus can reduce the interference of nonlinear effect especially four-wave mixing (FWM) effect; (3) the noise index (NF) of the RFA is lower than that of the EDFA, and the RFA and the EDFA are matched for use, so that the noise index of the system can be reduced, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved, and the unrepeatered distance is increased; (4) the gain spectrum is wide, and a wide flat gain spectrum can be realized by pumping with a plurality of wavelengths. In the embodiment of the invention, the front stage adopts the Raman fiber amplifier, so that various wavelength signals can be taken into consideration effectively, the amplification distance is increased, and the connection distance, the pumping wavelength and the pumping power can be set more flexibly when the second-order Bragg reflection grating is connected subsequently.
The RFA can be divided into a discrete type and a distributed type, wherein a gain optical fiber used by the discrete RFA is relatively short, generally several kilometers; the pump light and the signal light are transmitted in the same direction and are called forward pumping, and the pump light and the signal light are reversely pumped, and the pump light pumped in the two directions is called bidirectional pumping. Compared with forward pumping, backward pumping can avoid the crosstalk of pumping noise into signals, so that the noise of the amplifier is low, and the polarization dependence of the backward pumping is small. Therefore, the present invention preferably employs a bidirectional pump driving method.
Because the Bragg reflection waveguide with the second-order optical nonlinearity is a solid semiconductor element, and many elements of the optical amplifier are integrated on a semiconductor platform, the noise can be effectively reduced, and the cost can be reduced.
Preferably, in the optical signal amplification method, the first optical signal includes at least one wavelength channel for wavelength division multiplexing.
Preferably, in the optical signal amplification method, the wavelength channel is modulated by orthogonal dual polarization including portions of an X pole and a Y pole.
Preferably, in the optical signal amplification method, the wavelength channel is modulated mainly by PSK, FSK, ASK, QAM.
Phase Shift Keying (PSK): a modulation technique for representing input signal information in terms of carrier phase. The phase shift keying is divided into an absolute phase shift and a relative phase shift. The modulation method of controlling the carrier frequency variation by digital signal is called frequency shift keying. Amplitude keying is realized by ASK, and the modulation method is to adjust the amplitude of a sine wave according to different signals. Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) is a Modulation scheme that performs Amplitude Modulation on two orthogonal carriers.
Preferably, in the optical signal amplification method, the pump light and the null signal are removed by wavelength selection for the fifth optical signal.
The fifth optical signal already contains the original pump light and the original ineffective light, and both the pump light and the ineffective light belong to noise for effective signals, so that the pump light and the ineffective light need to be eliminated, and the wavelength selection is a very effective screening mode.
Preferably, in the optical signal amplification method, the pump light is linearly polarized light or circularly polarized light.
In order to avoid adverse effects such as transitional spectral line width, hyperfine structure capture and radiation capture, the pumping of light is often incoherent, so that the pumping light can be set to be polarized light in different directions, and linearly polarized light and circularly polarized light respectively have the advantages of different characteristics, and a person skilled in the art can select the light according to needs.
Preferably, in the optical signal amplification method, a light source of the pump light is a pump laser having a wavelength range of 1455 to 1510 nm.
The pump laser group comprises at least two different pump wavelengths, so that the deficiency in the gain of the signal light of different wave bands can be compensated.
Preferably, in the optical signal amplification method, the invalid signal is a conjugate signal of the first optical signal.
Preferably, in the optical signal amplification method, the wavelengths of the null signal and the first optical signal are equidistant from the wavelength of the pump light.
Preferably, the raman fiber amplifier includes: the optical fiber amplifier comprises a wave combiner, second pump light, a first isolator, a second isolator and a gain flattening filter; wherein,
the common end of the wave combiner is connected with the output end of the first isolator, the reflection end of the wave combiner is connected with the second pump light, the transmission end of the wave combiner is connected with the input end of the second isolator, the output end of the second isolator is connected with the input end of the gain flattening filter, and the output end of the gain flattening filter is used as the output end of the Raman fiber amplifier.
Preferably, in the optical signal amplification method, the raman fiber amplifier further includes a nonlinear fiber disposed between the transmission end of the combiner and the input end of the second isolator.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other ways. The above-described device embodiments are only illustrative, for example, the division of the unit is only one logical function division, and there may be other division ways in actual implementation, such as: multiple units or components may be combined, or may be integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not implemented. In addition, the coupling, direct coupling or communication connection between the components shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection between the devices or units may be electrical, mechanical or other forms.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above, but it should be understood by those skilled in the art that this is by way of illustration only, and that various changes or modifications may be made in the embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the invention, and these changes and modifications fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An optical signal amplification method, comprising: receiving a first optical signal to be amplified, and generating a second optical signal through the first optical signal and a pump optical device;
amplifying the second optical signal through a Raman fiber amplifier to obtain a third optical signal;
the third optical signal is passed through a first second order optical nonlinear bragg reflection waveguide to generate a fourth optical signal, the fourth optical signal further comprising an invalid signal;
performing phase-sensitive amplification on the fourth optical signal through a second-order optical nonlinear Bragg reflection waveguide to generate a fifth optical signal;
the pumping light device comprises at least one pumping light source, a wave combiner and a control module;
the control module is used for realizing the detection and control of the working state of the pump light source;
the second-order optical nonlinear Bragg reflection waveguide is composed of a central cavity and two p-type Bragg reflectors, wherein the central defect layer is made of AlGaAs material with the thickness of 1 mu m, the upper Bragg reflector and the lower Bragg reflector are made of AlGaAs/GaAs material with the thickness of 120nm/700nm, and the high refractive index of the central cavity is the same as that of the Bragg reflectors.
2. The optical signal amplification method of claim 1, wherein the first optical signal comprises at least one wavelength channel for wavelength division multiplexing.
3. Optical signal amplification method according to claim 2, characterized in that the wavelength channels are modulated by orthogonal dual polarization, comprising portions of X-and Y-poles.
4. The optical signal amplification method of claim 2 wherein the wavelength channels are modulated primarily by PSK, FSK, ASK, QAM.
5. The optical signal amplification method of claim 1, wherein the pump light and the null signal are removed by wavelength selection for the fifth optical signal.
6. The optical signal amplification method of claim 1, wherein the pump light source is linearly polarized light or circularly polarized light.
7. The optical signal amplification method of claim 6, wherein the light source of the pump light is a pump laser having a wavelength ranging from 1455 nm to 1510 nm.
8. The optical signal amplification method of claim 1, wherein the invalid signal is a conjugate signal of the first optical signal.
9. The optical signal amplification method of claim 8, wherein the wavelengths of the null signal and the first optical signal are equidistant from the wavelength of the pump light.
10. The optical signal amplification method according to claim 1, wherein the raman fiber amplifier comprises: the optical fiber amplifier comprises a wave combiner, second pump light, a first isolator, a second isolator and a gain flattening filter; wherein,
the common end of the wave combiner is connected with the output end of the first isolator, the reflection end of the wave combiner is connected with the second pump light, the transmission end of the wave combiner is connected with the input end of the second isolator, the output end of the second isolator is connected with the input end of the gain flattening filter, and the output end of the gain flattening filter is used as the output end of the Raman fiber amplifier.
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