CN112460587A - Low-oxygen high-efficiency combustion method and device for flue gas recirculation fluidization - Google Patents

Low-oxygen high-efficiency combustion method and device for flue gas recirculation fluidization Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112460587A
CN112460587A CN202011377579.5A CN202011377579A CN112460587A CN 112460587 A CN112460587 A CN 112460587A CN 202011377579 A CN202011377579 A CN 202011377579A CN 112460587 A CN112460587 A CN 112460587A
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China
Prior art keywords
pulverized coal
combustion
furnace body
flue gas
hearth
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CN202011377579.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张俊丰
符辉
黄妍
赵令葵
李正航
王捷
张立兵
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Beijing Chuangzhilan Environmental Technology Co ltd
Xiangtan University
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Beijing Chuangzhilan Environmental Technology Co ltd
Xiangtan University
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Priority to CN202011377579.5A priority Critical patent/CN112460587A/en
Publication of CN112460587A publication Critical patent/CN112460587A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18Details; Accessories
    • F23C10/20Inlets for fluidisation air, e.g. grids; Bottoms
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18Details; Accessories
    • F23C10/22Fuel feeders specially adapted for fluidised bed combustion apparatus

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a device for low-oxygen high-efficiency combustion by flue gas recirculation fluidization. The method comprises the following steps: s1, forming a torch in the combustor by adopting an igniter, spraying the coal powder into the combustor, and igniting the coal powder; s2, introducing mixed gas of flue gas and fresh air to form a fluidized bed after the pulverized coal is stably combusted; s3, performing multi-point injection and staged combustion on the pulverized coal, and keeping the temperature of a combustion field uniform; the device comprises a hearth, wherein the hearth is provided with a plurality of stages of furnace bodies, and each stage of furnace body is provided with one or more than two of an ignition port, a pulverized coal nozzle, a temperature measuring port or an observation port; a gas inlet is arranged below the left side of the first-stage furnace body, and a gas outlet is arranged at the bottom of the right side of the furnace body; a bracket is arranged below the hearth, and an ash removing opening is arranged between the bracket and the hearth. The invention uses a multi-stage split type assembly structure, coal powder is sprayed in multiple points, a flue gas recirculation mode is adopted to assist in forming high-temperature fluidized combustion, overheating and coking at the bottom of the device are avoided, full combustion is guaranteed under a low-oxygen condition, and emission of nitrogen oxides is reduced.

Description

Low-oxygen high-efficiency combustion method and device for flue gas recirculation fluidization
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pulverized coal combustion, in particular to a low-oxygen high-efficiency combustion method and device by flue gas recirculation fluidization.
Background
China is a country rich in coal, poor in oil and less in gas, due to low price and easy acquisition, bulk coal becomes a main fuel for heating in winter in rural areas in the northern China, and after the coal is not sufficiently combusted, a large amount of pollutants such as particulate matters, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, black carbon and the like enter the atmosphere, so that the environment is seriously polluted. The rural area has special geographical and humanistic environments with dispersed population and building distribution, backward infrastructure and the like, the heating improvement is more difficult, the central heating mode which is successfully applied to the urban area cannot be simply carried out, the new combustion process is provided by combining the characteristics of the rural area, the current development trend is that, the prior art mainly comprises clean coal popularization, energy-saving efficient furnace popularization and the like.
The pulverized coal burner has a specially designed multi-stage multi-nozzle air supply guide structure, can generate high-temperature vortex for pulverized coal in a short time, has the advantages of complete combustion, high heat utilization rate, smoke prevention and dust removal, high efficiency, energy conservation, improvement on working conditions, reduction of labor intensity and the like, and is an ideal product with energy conservation and environmental protection. However, the high-efficiency pulverized coal combustion technology and the low-nitrogen combustion technology are two contradictory technologies, the generation and emission of NOx are reduced fundamentally in that the temperature of a combustion area cannot be controlled too high, but the low-temperature combustion affects the combustion rate of pulverized coal. The existing flue gas recirculation technology is a main mode for solving the problem of large generation amount of nitrogen oxides at present, however, the existing flue gas recirculation technology is not mature enough, in order to reduce the generation of the nitrogen oxides, methods such as reducing excess air coefficient of combustion, reducing peak temperature of boiler combustion and the like are often adopted, but the sufficient combustion of pulverized coal in a boiler is influenced, so that the local high temperature of combustion flame and the uneven distribution of flame are caused, and the low thermal efficiency of the boiler cannot be effectively solved. The aim of coordinating the application of the high-efficiency pulverized coal combustion technology and the low-nitrogen combustion technology to achieve the comprehensive optimal effect is to control the whole pulverized coal combustion process in practice, ensure the ignition stability of the pulverized coal and the lower combustion temperature, ensure the burnout of the pulverized coal due to the long enough combustion time at a certain temperature, improve the existing pulverized coal burner and solve the problem that the high-efficiency pulverized coal combustion and the combustion efficiency cannot be considered simultaneously. According to the innovative requirements of the clean heat supply technology in the northern rural areas, the invention carries out deep research aiming at the problems of low nitrogen and high combustion performance of the existing pulverized coal burner, solves the problems of unstable bed temperature, easy abrasion of a heating surface, slag bonding corrosion and high emission concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx) of the existing burner, develops a suitable combustion method and a suitable combustion device, and provides technical support for clean heat supply of the coal in the northern China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a method and a device for low-oxygen high-efficiency combustion by flue gas recirculation fluidization, aiming at solving the problems of low heat efficiency, high emission concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and the like in the existing pulverized coal combustion.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for low-oxygen high-efficiency combustion by flue gas recirculation fluidization, comprising:
s1, forming a torch in the combustor by adopting an igniter, spraying the coal powder into the combustor, and igniting the coal powder;
s2, introducing mixed gas of flue gas and fresh air to form a fluidized bed after the pulverized coal is stably combusted;
s3, performing multi-point injection and staged combustion on the pulverized coal, and keeping a temperature field in the combustor uniform;
and S4, arranging a circulating air pipeline in the pulverized coal furnace, and introducing part of mixed flue gas to assist fluidization so as to realize recirculation low-oxygen fluidized combustion.
Preferably, in S1 and S2, the pulverized coal is injected from a multi-stage furnace body pulverized coal nozzle of a burner, a fluidized bed is formed in the burner, and the injected pulverized coal is rapidly ignited by an igniter to ignite and burn; in the S3, the pulverized coal of the combustor is sprayed at multiple points and is combusted in a grading manner, so that the stability of a temperature field in the combustor is maintained, and the pulverized coal burnout rate and the boiler thermal efficiency are improved; and in the step S4, part of high-temperature flue gas discharged by the burner is led out from the outlet and is sent to a mixed air pipe at the bottom of the hearth, the recirculated flue gas and air are mixed at the bottom of the burner and enter the burner to assist the fluidization of bed materials in the furnace, the oxygen concentration of a main combustion area is reduced, the total air quantity and the flow rate of the burner are improved, and therefore the high-temperature low-oxygen combustion with the recirculated flue gas is realized.
Preferably, the furnace body is more than four stages, the amount of the sprayed coal powder in the first-stage furnace body is 40% -60% of the total coal powder amount, the amount of the sprayed coal powder in the second-stage furnace body is 15% -30% of the total coal powder amount, the amount of the sprayed coal powder in the third-stage furnace body is 20% -40% of the total coal powder amount, and the amount of the sprayed coal powder in the furnace body more than four stages is 5% -25% of the total coal powder amount.
The invention also provides a pulverized coal combustion device, which comprises a hearth, wherein the hearth is provided with a plurality of furnace bodies, and each furnace body is provided with one or more than two of an ignition port, a pulverized coal nozzle, a temperature measuring port or an observation port according to actual needs; a gas inlet is arranged below the left side of the first-level furnace body, and a gas outlet is arranged at the bottom of the right side of the furnace body.
Preferably, the furnace bodies are in a plurality of stages and are connected with each other; can set up the elbow between the furnace body according to actual need, for example, when the furnace body is the level four, can set up the elbow between third furnace body and the fourth furnace body, a few level four set up ignition mouth, buggy nozzle, temperature measurement mouth or viewing aperture, and tertiary furnace body sets up the buggy nozzle.
Preferably, the hearth is externally provided with a heat insulation material, and when the elbow is arranged, the elbow is also externally provided with the heat insulation material.
Preferably, a support is arranged below the hearth, and an ash removal opening is formed between the support and the hearth.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the pulverized coal combustion method adopts a multi-stage combustion mode, so that pulverized coal is injected in multiple points, the temperature field in the furnace is balanced, no obvious local high-temperature area exists in a heating hearth, and stable and continuous combustion of the pulverized coal is realized; the invention introduces mixed flue gas, brings heat into the mixed flue gas, expands the volume flow of the flue gas, exerts the advantages of the recirculation combustion technology, and effectively inhibits the generation of NOx during high-temperature combustion, thereby solving the problem that the existing low-nitrogen combustion technology and high combustion efficiency cannot be considered at the same time, and also comprehensively improving the burnout rate of pulverized coal and the thermal efficiency of a boiler.
(2) The pulverized coal combustion device has the advantages of energy conservation, emission reduction, environmental protection, low operating cost, low capital investment and the like. The device adopts a multi-stage split type assembly structure, shortens the time from heating to firing of the pulverized coal in front of a blast furnace tuyere, accelerates the combustion of the pulverized coal, improves the combustion rate of the pulverized coal, reduces the adverse effect of the unburned pulverized coal on the combustion furnace, and is provided with an automatic ash removal device below, so that the whole combustion process of a furnace body can be completely sealed, and the dust pollution in the transportation and storage processes is reduced; meanwhile, the popularization of the high-efficiency industrial pulverized coal furnace can be powerfully promoted, and great economic and social benefits are achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a combustion apparatus according to embodiment 1. Wherein, 1, a bracket; 2. a gas inlet; 3. an electric control valve; 4. a pulverized coal nozzle I; 5. an ignition port I; 6. a thermal insulation material; 7. a pulverized coal nozzle II; 8. an ignition port II; 9. an inner container; 10. a pulverized coal nozzle III; 11. a pulverized coal nozzle IV; 12. an ignition port III; 25. and a gas outlet.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a four-stage furnace body of the burner of embodiment 1. 13, a four-stage furnace body; 14. a third-stage furnace body; 15. a viewing port II; 16. a viewing port III; 17. a secondary furnace body; 18. a viewing port I; 19. a first-stage outer skin; 20. cleaning the ash hole; 21. a temperature measuring port I; 22. a temperature measuring port III; 23, a temperature measuring port II; 24. and (4) bending the pipe.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a combustion apparatus according to embodiment 2. 201, a bracket; 202. a fluidizing gas inlet; 203. an electrically controlled regulating valve; 204. a primary pulverized coal nozzle; 205. a primary ignition port; 206. a thermal insulation material; 207. a secondary pulverized coal nozzle; 208. a secondary ignition port; 209. an inner container.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a four-stage furnace body of a burner in example 2. 210, a four-stage furnace body; 211. a third-stage furnace body; 212. a secondary viewing port; 213. a secondary furnace body; 214. a primary viewing port; 215. a first-stage furnace body; 216. cleaning the ash hole; 217. a primary temperature measuring port; 218. and (5) a secondary temperature measuring port.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following drawings and specific examples, but the invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the pulverized coal furnace is ignited by liquefied gas at an ignition port I5, and after the flame is stabilized, pulverized coal is injected from a pulverized coal injection nozzle I4. After the coal powder is ignited and stably and continuously burnt for several minutes, the electric regulating valve 3 is opened, and the fluidizing gas is introduced into the furnace to fluidize the coal powder, wherein the fluidizing gas is formed by mixing flue gas and fresh air. After the temperature measured by the temperature measuring port 19 reaches the required temperature, ignition is started by using liquefied gas at the ignition port II 8, then the pulverized coal nozzle II 7 sprays pulverized coal, and in the same way, after the temperature measured by the temperature measuring port II 23 reaches the required temperature, the pulverized coal nozzle III 10 sprays pulverized coal, and in the same way, after the temperature measured by the temperature measuring port III 22 reaches the required temperature, the pulverized coal nozzle IV 11 sprays pulverized coal.
Igniting the pulverized coal furnace by using liquefied gas at an ignition port I5, after flame is stabilized, spraying pulverized coal by a pulverized coal nozzle I3, after the pulverized coal is ignited, observing continuous and stable combustion through an observation port III 13, opening an electric regulating valve 3 of a gas inlet 2, introducing mixed gas of smoke and fresh air into a hearth at the speed of 3.5m/s, after the temperature measured by a temperature measuring port I21 reaches 900 ℃, starting to ignite by using the liquefied gas at the ignition port I5, then spraying pulverized coal by a pulverized coal nozzle II 7, starting to ignite by using the liquefied gas at an ignition port II 8, starting to spray the pulverized coal by a pulverized coal nozzle III 10 after the temperature measured by a temperature measuring port II 23 reaches 900 ℃, igniting by using the liquefied gas at an ignition port III 12, starting to spray the pulverized coal by a pulverized coal nozzle IV 11 after the temperature measured by a temperature measuring port III 22 reaches 900 ℃, and conveying combustion ash by an ash cleaning port 20, and finally, discharging the combusted flue gas to enter subsequent treatment, and circulating a part of the flue gas of the subsequent treatment to the gas inlet 2 to realize recirculation and assist fluidized combustion.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the pulverized coal furnace is first ignited by liquefied gas at the primary ignition port 205, and after the flame is stabilized, an appropriate amount of pulverized coal is injected from the primary pulverized coal injection nozzle 204. After the coal powder is ignited and stably and continuously combusted for a few minutes, the fluidizing gas electric control adjusting valve 203 is opened, and fluidizing gas is introduced into the furnace through the fluidizing gas inlet 202 to fluidize the coal powder. The fluidizing gas is formed by mixing air and tail gas.
After the primary temperature measuring port 217 reaches the required temperature, ignition is started by liquefied gas at the secondary ignition port 208, and then a proper amount of pulverized coal is sprayed into the secondary pulverized coal nozzle 207 so that the pulverized coal can be normally combusted.
The fluidized bed pulverized coal furnace adopts a multi-stage split type assembly structure, so that the pressure of the heat insulation material on the lowest furnace body is reduced.

Claims (8)

1. A flue gas recirculation fluidized low oxygen high efficiency combustion method, comprising:
s1, forming a torch in the combustor by adopting an igniter, spraying the coal powder into the combustor, and igniting the coal powder;
s2, introducing mixed gas of flue gas and fresh air to form a fluidized bed after the pulverized coal is stably combusted;
s3, performing multi-point injection and staged combustion on the pulverized coal, and keeping the temperature of a combustion field uniform;
and S4, arranging a circulating air pipeline in the pulverized coal furnace, and introducing part of mixed flue gas to assist fluidization so as to realize recirculation low-oxygen fluidized combustion.
2. The flue gas recirculation fluidization low-oxygen high-efficiency combustion method according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in the S1 and S2, the pulverized coal is sprayed from a multi-stage furnace body pulverized coal nozzle of the combustor, a fluidized bed is formed in the combustor, and the sprayed pulverized coal is rapidly ignited by an igniter to be ignited and combusted;
in the S3, the burner adopts multi-point injection of pulverized coal, staged combustion is performed, the stability of a temperature field in the burner is kept, and the pulverized coal burnout rate and the boiler thermal efficiency are improved;
and in the step S4, part of high-temperature flue gas discharged by the burner is led out from the outlet and is sent to a mixed air pipe at the bottom of the hearth, the recirculated flue gas and air are mixed at the bottom of the burner and enter the burner to assist the fluidization of bed materials in the furnace, the oxygen concentration of a main combustion area is reduced, the total air quantity and the flow rate of the burner are improved, and therefore the high-temperature low-oxygen combustion with the recirculated flue gas is realized.
3. The low-oxygen high-efficiency combustion method of claim 2, wherein the furnace body is more than four stages, the amount of the pulverized coal injected into the first-stage furnace body is 40% -60% of the total pulverized coal amount, the amount of the pulverized coal injected into the second-stage furnace body is 15% -30% of the total pulverized coal amount, the amount of the pulverized coal injected into the third-stage furnace body is 20% -40% of the total pulverized coal amount, and the amount of the pulverized coal injected into the furnace body above four stages is 5% -25% of the total pulverized coal amount.
4. The device adopted by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized by comprising a hearth, wherein the hearth is provided with a plurality of stages of furnace bodies, and each stage of furnace body is provided with one or more than two of an ignition port, a pulverized coal nozzle, a temperature measuring port or an observation port; a gas inlet is arranged below the left side of the first-level furnace body, and a gas outlet is arranged at the bottom of the right side of the furnace body.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the furnace bodies are in a plurality of stages, and the furnace bodies are connected with each other.
6. The device of claim 4, wherein the furnace body is four stages, one stage, two stages and two stages are provided with ignition ports, pulverized coal nozzles, temperature measuring ports or observation ports, and the three-stage furnace body is provided with pulverized coal nozzles.
7. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein insulation is provided outside the hearth.
8. The device as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that a bracket is arranged below the hearth, and an ash cleaning port is arranged between the bracket and the hearth.
CN202011377579.5A 2020-11-30 2020-11-30 Low-oxygen high-efficiency combustion method and device for flue gas recirculation fluidization Pending CN112460587A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114383124A (en) * 2021-12-15 2022-04-22 博华工程技术有限公司 Heat preservation and energy saving method for thermal power generating unit heat energy dissipation

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CN101559318A (en) * 2009-05-25 2009-10-21 天津城市建设学院 Thermal carbon composite denitration method for coal-fired boiler
JP2012132602A (en) * 2010-12-20 2012-07-12 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Biomass and coal mixed-firing system
CN102614755A (en) * 2011-10-14 2012-08-01 韩天保 Method for collection, utilization and desulphuration of low-concentration carbon dioxide
CN109578994A (en) * 2018-12-13 2019-04-05 西安交通大学 A kind of flue gas recirculation and microfine coal classification gasification low NOx combustion system
CN110345470A (en) * 2019-07-16 2019-10-18 江苏汇能锅炉有限公司 Denitrating technique in a kind of circulating fluid bed boiler

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1587802A (en) * 2004-08-23 2005-03-02 国电热工研究院 Fine coal powder recombustion denitrificating method
CN101559318A (en) * 2009-05-25 2009-10-21 天津城市建设学院 Thermal carbon composite denitration method for coal-fired boiler
JP2012132602A (en) * 2010-12-20 2012-07-12 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Biomass and coal mixed-firing system
CN102614755A (en) * 2011-10-14 2012-08-01 韩天保 Method for collection, utilization and desulphuration of low-concentration carbon dioxide
CN109578994A (en) * 2018-12-13 2019-04-05 西安交通大学 A kind of flue gas recirculation and microfine coal classification gasification low NOx combustion system
CN110345470A (en) * 2019-07-16 2019-10-18 江苏汇能锅炉有限公司 Denitrating technique in a kind of circulating fluid bed boiler

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114383124A (en) * 2021-12-15 2022-04-22 博华工程技术有限公司 Heat preservation and energy saving method for thermal power generating unit heat energy dissipation
CN114383124B (en) * 2021-12-15 2024-03-26 博华工程技术有限公司 Thermal insulation energy-saving method for thermal power generating unit heat energy dissipation

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Application publication date: 20210309