CN112303953A - Waste heat driven refrigerator - Google Patents
Waste heat driven refrigerator Download PDFInfo
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- CN112303953A CN112303953A CN202010737117.3A CN202010737117A CN112303953A CN 112303953 A CN112303953 A CN 112303953A CN 202010737117 A CN202010737117 A CN 202010737117A CN 112303953 A CN112303953 A CN 112303953A
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- heat exchanger
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- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 37
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
- F25B27/02—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using waste heat, e.g. from internal-combustion engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B23/00—Machines, plants or systems, with a single mode of operation not covered by groups F25B1/00 - F25B21/00, e.g. using selective radiation effect
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
- Y02A30/274—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies using waste energy, e.g. from internal combustion engine
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of refrigerators. The waste heat driven refrigerator comprises a shell, a linear motor, a heat-cold conversion unit, an exhaust pipe waste heat acquisition unit and a cold output unit; the heat-cold conversion unit comprises an ejector, and a thermo-acoustic engine room temperature cooler, a thermo-acoustic engine heat regenerator, a thermo-acoustic engine high-temperature heat exchanger, a heat buffer pipe, a refrigerator room temperature cooler, a refrigerator heat regenerator and a cold head which are sequentially connected along the axial direction of the ejector, wherein the thermo-acoustic engine room temperature cooler surrounds the ejector; the piston of the linear motor is communicated with the room temperature cooler and the discharger of the thermoacoustic engine; the exhaust pipe waste heat acquisition unit is connected with the high-temperature heat exchanger of the thermoacoustic engine and the exhaust pipe to form a heat exchange loop; and the cold output unit is connected with the cold head and forms a heat exchange loop. The waste heat driven refrigerator provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of high thermal efficiency, compact structure and capability of meeting the limited installation space of mobile vehicles such as vehicles, ships and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of refrigerators, in particular to a waste heat driven refrigerator.
Background
In order to create a comfortable man-machine environment and preserve food in vehicles such as vehicles and ships, refrigeration by a refrigerator is required. At present, an engine is adopted to directly drive a compressor or drive the compressor after power generation, and the compressor is utilized to drive a working medium to complete refrigeration cycle so as to realize refrigeration. Therefore, the fuel consumption of the engine is greatly improved, and the operating cost is increased. The waste heat driven refrigeration technology cannot meet the use requirements of vehicles such as vehicles and ships due to low power density and complex system.
The thermoacoustic heat engine is based on a novel heat-power conversion principle, can convert external heat into acoustic power, and then utilizes the acoustic power to generate refrigeration or pump heat effect, wherein the former is called thermoacoustic engine, and the latter is called thermoacoustic refrigerator or thermoacoustic heat pump. The thermoacoustic engine and the thermoacoustic refrigerator are connected together to form the heat-driven thermoacoustic refrigerator. The hot end and the cold end of the heat-driven thermoacoustic refrigerator are both provided with no moving part, so that the long service life and the low maintenance can be realized. The thermoacoustic heat engine has high potential thermal efficiency because of the carnot efficiency that can be achieved. Therefore, the heat-driven thermoacoustic refrigeration technology has become one of the hot spots of domestic and foreign research. The technical feasibility of the traditional heat-driven thermoacoustic refrigeration is proved by reporting that the traditional heat-driven thermoacoustic refrigeration can realize a liquid hydrogen temperature zone (20K), a liquid nitrogen temperature zone (80K), a liquefied natural gas temperature zone (110K) and a room temperature zone (0 ℃).
The traditional heat-driven thermoacoustic refrigeration utilizes a standing wave or traveling wave thermoacoustic engine and a pulse tube refrigerator or thermoacoustic refrigerator to realize the conversion process from heat to cold. In order to pursue the thermal efficiency of the system, a traveling wave thermoacoustic engine is mostly adopted to realize the conversion from heat to acoustic power. At present, two phase adjusting mechanisms in a traveling wave thermoacoustic engine comprise a traveling wave loop and a standing wave resonator, wherein the standing wave resonator for adjusting the phase and an inertia tube in the traveling wave loop have large volume and long length, the diameter of the standing wave resonator is more than 100mm, and the length of the standing wave resonator is more than 5 m; another is to arrange multiple thermoacoustic engine cores in a traveling wave loop and to achieve phase adjustment through an elongated pipe. Neither of these structures can meet the limited installation space of the vehicle.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a waste heat driven refrigerating machine, which is used for solving the problem that the heat driven thermoacoustic refrigeration technology in the prior art cannot meet the use requirement on vehicles.
The embodiment of the invention provides a waste heat driven refrigerator, which comprises a shell, a linear motor, a heat-cold conversion unit, an exhaust pipe waste heat acquisition unit and a cold output unit, wherein the linear motor and the heat-cold conversion unit are arranged in the shell;
the heat-cold conversion unit comprises an ejector, and a thermoacoustic engine room temperature cooler, a thermoacoustic engine heat regenerator, a thermoacoustic engine high-temperature heat exchanger, a heat buffer tube, a refrigerator room temperature cooler, a refrigerator heat regenerator and a cold head which are arranged around the ejector and sequentially connected along the axial direction of the ejector, wherein the ejector is fixedly connected with an elastic part fixed on the shell, and the elastic part is used for providing reciprocating force for the ejector;
the linear motor comprises a piston serving as a rotor, and the piston is communicated with the room temperature cooler of the thermoacoustic engine and the ejector; the exhaust pipe waste heat acquisition unit is connected with the thermoacoustic engine high-temperature heat exchanger and the exhaust pipe to form a heat exchange loop; the cold output unit is connected with the cold head to form a heat exchange loop.
According to the waste heat driven refrigerator provided by the embodiment of the invention, the elastic element is arranged in the back cavity of the linear motor, the ejector is fixedly connected with the elastic element through the connecting rod, and the connecting rod is movably arranged on the piston in a penetrating manner.
The waste heat driven refrigerating machine comprises a plurality of linear motors and a plurality of heat-cold conversion units which are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence mode, wherein one ends of the heat-cold conversion units, close to the cold head, are connected with one another;
the exhaust pipe waste heat obtaining unit is simultaneously connected with the thermoacoustic engine high-temperature heat exchanger and the exhaust pipe of the plurality of cold-heat conversion units to form a heat exchange loop, and the cold output unit is simultaneously connected with the cold heads of the plurality of cold-heat conversion units to form the heat exchange loop.
According to the waste heat driven refrigerator of one embodiment of the invention, the pistons of the linear motors are distributed in central symmetry on the same plane relative to the connection points where the heat-cold conversion units are connected, and the pistons of the linear motors synchronously move relative to the connection points.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the refrigerator driven by waste heat comprises a plurality of linear motors, and the pistons of the linear motors are communicated with the room temperature cooler and the ejector of the thermoacoustic engine of the same heat-cold conversion unit.
According to the waste heat driven refrigerator of one embodiment of the invention, the pistons of the linear motors are distributed on the same plane in a central symmetry manner relative to the central axis of the ejector of the heat-cold conversion unit, and the pistons of the linear motors synchronously move relative to the central axis of the ejector.
According to the waste heat driven refrigerating machine provided by the embodiment of the invention, gap sealing or dry friction sealing is adopted between the ejector and the inner wall formed by the thermo-acoustic engine room temperature cooler, the thermo-acoustic engine heat regenerator, the thermo-acoustic engine high-temperature heat exchanger, the thermal buffer tube, the refrigerating machine room temperature cooler, the refrigerating machine heat regenerator and the cold head, and between the piston and the cylinder body of the linear motor.
According to the waste heat driven refrigerator provided by the embodiment of the invention, the exhaust pipe waste heat obtaining unit comprises a tail gas heat exchanger and a high-temperature circulating pump, and the tail gas heat exchanger, the high-temperature circulating pump and the high-temperature heat exchanger of the thermoacoustic engine are sequentially connected to form an exhaust pipe waste heat recovery system.
According to the waste heat driven refrigerating machine provided by the embodiment of the invention, the cold output unit comprises the air heat exchanger and the low-temperature circulating pump, and the air heat exchanger, the low-temperature circulating pump and the cold head are sequentially connected to form a cooling system.
According to the waste heat driven refrigerator provided by the embodiment of the invention, the cold output unit further comprises a cold storage tank, a diverter valve is arranged on a communication pipeline between the air heat exchanger and the cold head, one outlet of the diverter valve is directly connected with the air heat exchanger, and the other outlet of the diverter valve is connected with the air heat exchanger through the cold storage tank.
According to the waste heat driven refrigerating machine provided by the embodiment of the invention, the waste heat obtaining unit is utilized to recover the heat of the tail gas in the exhaust pipe to the heat-cold conversion unit, the recovered heat of the tail gas is converted into the acoustic power through the thermal acoustic effect, and the acoustic power is consumed through the acoustic refrigeration effect to realize the refrigeration of the target refrigerating space where the cold output unit is located. Compared with the traditional method of adjusting the phase through a traveling wave loop and a standing wave resonant tube, the phase adjusting device has the advantages that high thermal efficiency is achieved, the structure is compact, the limited installation space of mobile vehicles such as vehicles and ships can be met, and the phase adjusting device has a wide application prospect.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a waste heat driven refrigerator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a refrigerator driven by waste heat according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a refrigerator driven by waste heat according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1. a housing; 11. an expansion chamber; 12. a back cavity of the linear motor; 21. a piston; 211. a permanent magnet; 221. an outer stator; 222. an inner stator; 23. a coil; 310. an ejector; 311. a connecting rod; 312. an elastic member; 32. a thermo-acoustic engine room temperature cooler; 33. a thermoacoustic engine regenerator; 34. a thermoacoustic engine high temperature heat exchanger; 35. a thermal buffer tube; 36. a refrigerator room temperature cooler; 37. a refrigerator regenerator; 38. cooling the head; 4. an exhaust pipe waste heat obtaining unit; 41. a tail gas heat exchanger; 42. a high temperature circulation pump; 5. a cold output unit; 51. an air heat exchanger; 52. a low temperature circulation pump; 53. a cold storage tank; 54. a flow divider valve; 6. a connection point; 7. a three-way catalyst.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A waste heat driven refrigerator according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 3.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a waste heat driven refrigerator according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is used for being mounted on a vehicle such as an automobile or a ship. The residual heat driven refrigerator comprises a machine shell 1, a linear motor and a heat-cold conversion unit which are arranged inside the machine shell 1, an exhaust pipe residual heat obtaining unit 4 and a cold output unit 5.
The heat-cold conversion unit comprises an ejector 310, and a thermoacoustic engine room temperature cooler 32, a thermoacoustic engine regenerator 33, a thermoacoustic engine high-temperature heat exchanger 34, a thermal buffer tube 35, a refrigerator room temperature cooler 36, a refrigerator regenerator 37 and a cold head 38 which are arranged around the ejector 310 and sequentially connected along the axial direction of the ejector 310, wherein the ejector 310 is fixedly connected with an elastic member 312 fixed on the casing 1, and the elastic member 312 is used for providing reciprocating force for the ejector 310. The thermoacoustic engine room temperature cooler 32, the thermoacoustic engine heat regenerator 33 and the thermoacoustic engine high-temperature heat exchanger 34 form a thermoacoustic driving system, and the refrigerator room temperature cooler 36, the refrigerator heat regenerator 37 and the cold head 38 form a thermoacoustic refrigerating system. Both are in communication through thermal buffer tube 35.
The linear motor includes a piston 21 as a mover, and the piston 21 is in communication with the thermoacoustic engine room temperature cooler 32 and the ejector 310. As shown in fig. 1, a permanent magnet 211 is fixed to the piston 21. The linear motor further includes an outer stator 221 at which the coil 23 is disposed and an inner stator 222. The inner stator 222 serves as a cylinder in which the piston 21 reciprocates within the linear motor. The cavity between the ejector 310 and the piston 21 is an expansion cavity 11, and the cavity between one end of the piston 21 far away from the ejector 310 and the machine shell 1 is a back cavity 12 of the linear motor.
The exhaust pipe waste heat obtaining unit 4 is connected with the thermoacoustic engine high-temperature heat exchanger 34 and the exhaust pipe to form a heat exchange loop. The cold output unit 5 is connected to the cold head 38 to form a heat exchange circuit. If the residual heat driven refrigerator provided by the embodiment of the invention is applied to an automobile, automobile exhaust is discharged outwards through the exhaust pipe, and the exhaust pipe residual heat obtaining unit 4 is connected with the exhaust pipe to transfer heat in the automobile exhaust pipe to the high-temperature heat exchanger 34 of the thermoacoustic engine. The cold output unit 5 is used to connect the cold head 38 with a target refrigerated space such as an in-vehicle space or the like.
When the temperature of the high-temperature heat exchanger 34 of the thermoacoustic engine reaches a critical temperature value or above, the linear motor is switched on to start excitation, and finally the whole engine is started to work. Specifically, the pressure change of the expansion chamber 11 is caused by the movement of the piston 21, thereby giving an initial force to the ejector 310, so that the ejector 310 starts reciprocating by the elastic member 312 and makes simple harmonic vibration with the piston 21, thereby adjusting the system resonance frequency and the sound field phase.
The gas working medium in the casing 1 absorbs heat from the high-temperature heat exchanger 34 of the thermoacoustic engine, wherein one part of the heat is released to the outside through the room-temperature cooler 32 of the thermoacoustic engine by the gas working medium, and the other part of the heat is converted into sound power through the heat regenerator 33 of the thermoacoustic engine and acts on the thermoacoustic refrigeration system. The waste heat driving refrigeration system of the embodiment of the invention adopts environment-friendly gas working media such as helium, argon, air, nitrogen or mixed gas of the helium, the argon, the air and the nitrogen.
Specifically, due to the thermoacoustic effect, the thermoacoustic engine regenerator 33 converts heat into acoustic work under the temperature gradient established by the thermoacoustic engine room temperature cooler 32 and the thermoacoustic engine high temperature heat exchanger 34. The acoustic power enters the refrigerator room temperature cooler 36 and refrigerator regenerator 37 in sequence via the thermal buffer tube 35. And due to the acoustic cooling effect, refrigerator regenerator 37 consumes acoustic work to transport heat from cold head 38 to refrigerator room temperature cooler 36. The cold output unit 5 continuously transfers heat to the cold head 38, and sound power generated by an engine system in the heat-cold conversion unit is consumed, thereby realizing refrigeration of the target refrigeration space.
The acoustic work from the coldhead 38 is phase modulated by the ejector 310 and fed back to the front of the piston 21. When the feedback sound power is enough, a part of the sound power enters the room temperature cooler 32 of the thermoacoustic engine and undergoes the next thermoacoustic effect and acoustic cooling effect, so that the system can continuously work. The other part of the sound work drives the piston 21 to move, the sound work is converted into electric energy, and the generated electric energy can be used for driving electric mechanisms in the system, such as a circulating pump and the like. When the feedback sound power is insufficient, the power supply is used for driving the linear motor to input the sound power, and the cold quantity of the cold head 38 is maintained to be basically stable.
According to the waste heat driven refrigerating machine provided by the embodiment of the invention, the waste heat obtaining unit is utilized to recover the heat of the tail gas in the exhaust pipe to the heat-cold conversion unit, the recovered heat of the tail gas is converted into the acoustic power through the thermal acoustic effect, and the acoustic power is consumed through the acoustic refrigeration effect to realize the refrigeration of the target refrigerating space where the cold output unit is located. Compared with the traditional method of adjusting the phase through a traveling wave loop and a standing wave resonant tube, the phase adjusting device has the advantages that high thermal efficiency is achieved, the structure is compact, the limited installation space of mobile vehicles such as vehicles and ships can be met, and the phase adjusting device has a wide application prospect.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the ejector 310 is internally installed with a radiation screen to reduce the heat or cold loss caused by the axial temperature difference.
In order to make the structure of the residual heat driven refrigerator provided by the embodiment of the present invention more compact, in the embodiment of the present invention, the elastic member 312 is installed in the back cavity 12 of the linear motor, the ejector 310 is fixedly connected with the elastic member 312 through the connecting rod 311, and the connecting rod 311 is movably disposed through the piston 21. The elastic member 312 is a plate spring or other device capable of providing a stable linear reciprocating force, and the embodiment of the invention is not limited in particular. The connecting rod 311 passes through the center of the piston 21 and is fixedly connected with the center of the plate spring. A gap seal or a dry friction seal is adopted between the connecting rod 311 and the piston 21, and between the piston 21 and the inner stator 222 (i.e. a cylinder of the linear motor).
In order to meet the requirement of higher power refrigeration, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a waste heat driven refrigerator according to another embodiment of the present invention. On the basis of the above embodiments, the waste heat driven refrigerator of the present embodiment includes a plurality of linear motors and a plurality of heat-to-cold conversion units installed in the cabinet 1, where the linear motors and the heat-to-cold conversion units are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, and one ends of the heat-to-cold conversion units, which are close to the cold head 38, are connected to each other. The exhaust pipe waste heat obtaining unit 4 is simultaneously connected with the thermoacoustic engine high-temperature heat exchanger 34 of the multiple cold-heat conversion units and the exhaust pipe to form a heat exchange loop. The cold output unit 5 is connected with the cold heads 38 of a plurality of cold-heat conversion units at the same time to form a heat exchange loop. In the present embodiment, a linear motor and a corresponding heat-to-cold conversion unit are regarded as a refrigeration unit. Wherein, each refrigeration unit can be separately positioned in one machine shell 1, and a plurality of refrigeration units can be positioned in the same machine shell 1.
The pistons 21 of the plurality of linear motors and the plurality of ejectors 310 impart large vibrations to the waste heat driven refrigerator when reciprocating. In the embodiment of the present invention, the pistons 21 of the plurality of linear motors are distributed in a central symmetry manner on the same plane by using the connection points 6 where the plurality of heat-cold conversion units are connected to each other, and the pistons 21 of the plurality of linear motors move synchronously with respect to the connection points 6, so that the ejectors 310 in the plurality of heat-cold conversion units are correspondingly distributed in a central symmetry manner on the same plane by using the connection points, and the ejectors 310 in the plurality of heat-cold conversion units move synchronously with respect to the connection points. The pistons 21 of the linear motors synchronously move relative to the connection point and the ejectors 310 of the heat and cold conversion units synchronously move relative to the connection point under the control of an external circuit. This makes it possible to cancel out the axial vibrations of the pistons 21 of the plurality of linear motors in the reciprocating motion and to cancel out the axial vibrations of the ejectors 310 of the plurality of heat-cold conversion units in the reciprocating motion. Thereby eliminating vibration due to the movement of the piston 21 and the ejector 310. Wherein the connection point refers to a point where one ends of the plurality of heat-cold converting units near the cold head 38 are connected to each other.
For example, when the waste heat driven refrigerator comprises three linear motors and three heat-cold conversion units, the pistons 21 of the three linear motors are distributed in a central symmetry manner relative to the connection point 6, that is, the axes of the pistons 21 of every two adjacent linear motors form an included angle of 120 degrees, and then the axes of the ejectors 310 in every two corresponding adjacent heat-cold conversion units also form an included angle of 120 degrees. When the three pistons 21 move in synchronism and the three ejectors 310 move in synchronism, their axial vibrations cancel each other out.
When the number of the refrigeration units is even, the refrigeration power can be adjusted by adjusting the refrigeration units with different numbers to work, so that the refrigeration requirements with different powers can be met. However, it is still necessary to ensure that the pistons and the ejectors of the refrigeration units which are operated simultaneously are arranged in a centrosymmetric manner at the connection point, so as to ensure that the axial vibrations of the refrigeration units which are operated simultaneously can be offset. For example, when four refrigeration units are included, a pair of refrigeration units arranged axially opposite to each other may be selected to operate, or all four refrigeration units may operate simultaneously.
Shown in fig. 2 is a case with two linear motors and two heat-to-cold conversion units, i.e., a case with only two refrigeration units. The piston 21 in each refrigeration unit is arranged coaxially with the ejector 310. One ends of the two refrigeration units are opposite to each other, and moving parts of the two refrigeration units can move relatively under the control of an external circuit, namely the driving directions of the two linear motors are opposite, and the moving directions of ejectors in the two heat and cold conversion units are opposite, so that the axial vibration of the two refrigeration units is offset. In the embodiment of the invention, one ends of the two heat and cold conversion units are opposite to each other, namely, the sections with the cold heads 38 are close to each other, so that the connection between the cold output unit 5 and the cold heads 38 is more compact.
In order to increase the power density of the waste heat driven refrigerator according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, a schematic structural diagram of a waste heat driven refrigerator according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown. I.e. comprising a plurality of said linear motors, the pistons 21 of which are in communication with the thermo-acoustic engine room temperature cooler 32 and the ejector 310 of the same thermo-cold conversion unit. The two motors drive one heat-cold conversion unit at the same time, so that the power density of the system is improved, and the structural compactness of the waste heat driven refrigerator is greatly improved.
Furthermore, in order to reduce the vibration brought to the residual heat driven refrigerator when the linear motors reciprocate. In the embodiment of the invention, the pistons of the linear motors are distributed on the same plane in a centrosymmetric manner relative to the central axis of the ejector of the heat-cold conversion unit, and the pistons of the linear motors synchronously move relative to the central axis of the ejector. The pistons 21 of the linear motors synchronously move relative to the connecting point under the control of an external circuit, so that the axial vibration of the pistons 21 of the linear motors in the reciprocating motion is counteracted.
For example, when the waste heat driven refrigerator comprises three linear motors, the pistons 21 of the three linear motors are distributed in a central symmetry manner relative to the connecting point 6, namely, the axes of the pistons 21 of every two adjacent linear motors form an included angle of 120 degrees. When the three pistons 21 move synchronously, their axial vibrations cancel each other out.
Fig. 3 shows a case with two linear motors and a heat-to-cold converter unit, where the two linear motors and the heat-to-cold converter unit form a T-shaped structure, that is, the axes of the pistons 21 of the two linear motors are perpendicular to the axis of the ejector of the heat-to-cold converter unit, and the pistons 21 of the two linear motors are simultaneously communicated with the thermo-acoustic engine room temperature cooler 32 and the ejector 310. The pistons 21 of the two linear motors are controlled by an external circuit to move relatively, namely the driving directions of the two linear motors are opposite, so that the axial vibrations of the two linear motors are offset.
In the embodiment of the invention, clearance sealing or dry friction sealing is adopted between the inner wall formed by the thermo-acoustic engine room temperature cooler 32, the thermo-acoustic engine regenerator 33, the thermo-acoustic engine high-temperature heat exchanger 34, the thermal buffer tube 35, the refrigerator room temperature cooler 36, the refrigerator regenerator 37 and the cold head 38 and the ejector 310, and between the piston 21 and the cylinder body of the linear motor.
As shown in fig. 1-3, in the embodiment of the present invention, the exhaust pipe waste heat obtaining unit 4 includes a tail gas heat exchanger 41 and a high temperature circulating pump 42, and the tail gas heat exchanger 41, the high temperature circulating pump 42 and the thermoacoustic engine high temperature heat exchanger 34 are sequentially connected to form an exhaust pipe waste heat recovery system. The arrow direction in the figure is the exhaust emission direction. The tail gas heat exchanger 41 is installed in the tail gas exhaust pipe, the tail gas is discharged through the exhaust pipe, when passing through the tail gas heat exchanger 41, heat is transferred to the heat-conducting medium, and the heat-conducting medium (oil, liquid metal, molten salt, etc.) is driven to circulate by the high-temperature circulating pump 42, so that the heat in the tail gas heat exchanger 41 is continuously transferred to the high-temperature heat exchanger 34 of the thermoacoustic engine. In order to obtain a higher temperature, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, an exhaust gas heat exchanger 41 is disposed at the front end of the three-way catalyst 7 in the exhaust pipe, so that the exhaust gas passes through the exhaust gas heat exchanger 41 and then is discharged through the three-way catalyst 7.
In the embodiment of the invention, the cold output unit 5 comprises an air heat exchanger 51 and a low-temperature circulating pump 52, wherein the air heat exchanger 51, the low-temperature circulating pump 52 and the cold head 38 are sequentially connected to form a cooling system. The low-temperature circulating pump 52 drives the heat-conducting medium to circulate, the refrigerating capacity generated by the cold head 38 is conveyed to the air heat exchanger 51, and the air heat exchanger 51 is arranged in the target refrigerating space and exchanges heat with the air flowing through the air heat exchanger 51, so that the target refrigerating space is cooled.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, in the embodiment of the present invention, the refrigeration output unit 5 further includes a cold storage tank 53, a diverter valve 54 is disposed on a communication pipeline between the air heat exchanger 51 and the cold head 38, one outlet of the diverter valve 54 is directly connected to the air heat exchanger 51, and the other outlet is connected to the air heat exchanger 51 through the cold storage tank 53. The cold storage tank 53 is used for storing redundant cold, the proportion of the used cold and the stored cold can be adjusted by adjusting the flow dividing valve 54 when needed, and the temperature fluctuation of a target refrigerating space can be reduced, so that the economy and the practicability of the waste heat driven refrigerator in the embodiment of the invention are improved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A waste heat driven refrigerator is characterized by comprising a shell, a linear motor and a heat-cold conversion unit which are arranged in the shell, an exhaust pipe waste heat acquisition unit and a cold output unit;
the heat-cold conversion unit comprises an ejector, and a thermo-acoustic engine room temperature cooler, a thermo-acoustic engine heat regenerator, a thermo-acoustic engine high-temperature heat exchanger, a thermal buffer tube, a refrigerator room temperature cooler, a refrigerator heat regenerator and a cold head which are arranged around the ejector and are sequentially connected along the axial direction of the ejector; the ejector is fixedly connected with an elastic piece fixed on the shell, and the elastic piece is used for providing reciprocating force for the ejector;
the linear motor comprises a piston serving as a rotor, and the piston is communicated with the room temperature cooler of the thermoacoustic engine and the ejector; the exhaust pipe waste heat acquisition unit is connected with the thermoacoustic engine high-temperature heat exchanger and the exhaust pipe to form a heat exchange loop; the cold output unit is connected with the cold head to form a heat exchange loop.
2. The residual heat driven refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein the elastic member is installed in a back cavity of the linear motor, the ejector is fixedly connected with the elastic member through a connecting rod, and the connecting rod is movably arranged on the piston in a penetrating manner.
3. The residual heat driven refrigerator according to claim 2, comprising a plurality of the linear motors and a plurality of the heat-cold conversion units, which are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, wherein one ends of the plurality of the heat-cold conversion units, which are close to the cold head, are connected with each other;
the exhaust pipe waste heat acquisition unit is simultaneously connected with the thermoacoustic engine high-temperature heat exchanger and the exhaust pipe of the plurality of heat-cold conversion units to form a heat exchange loop, and the cold output unit is simultaneously connected with the cold heads of the plurality of heat-cold conversion units to form the heat exchange loop.
4. The heat driven chiller according to claim 3 wherein the pistons of the plurality of linear motors are arranged in a centrosymmetric manner on the same plane with respect to the connection points where the plurality of heat-to-cold conversion units are connected to each other, and the pistons of the plurality of linear motors move synchronously with respect to the connection points.
5. The heat driven chiller according to claim 1 comprising a plurality of said linear motors, said pistons of said plurality of said linear motors being in communication with said thermoacoustic engine room temperature cooler and said ejector of the same said heat to cold conversion unit.
6. The heat driven chiller according to claim 5 wherein the pistons of the plurality of linear motors are arranged in a plane that is centrosymmetric with respect to a central axis of the ejector of the heat-to-cold conversion unit, and the pistons of the plurality of linear motors move synchronously with respect to the central axis of the ejector.
7. The residual heat driven refrigerator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a gap seal or a dry friction seal is adopted between the ejector and an inner wall formed by the thermo-acoustic engine room temperature cooler, the thermo-acoustic engine heat regenerator, the thermo-acoustic engine high temperature heat exchanger, the thermal buffer tube, the refrigerator room temperature cooler, the refrigerator heat regenerator and the cold head, and between the piston and the cylinder of the linear motor.
8. The waste heat driven refrigerator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the exhaust pipe waste heat obtaining unit comprises a tail gas heat exchanger and a high temperature circulating pump, and the tail gas heat exchanger, the high temperature circulating pump and the thermoacoustic engine high temperature heat exchanger are connected in sequence to form an exhaust pipe waste heat recovery system.
9. The residual heat driven refrigerator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the cold output unit comprises an air heat exchanger and a low-temperature circulating pump, and the air heat exchanger, the low-temperature circulating pump and the cold head are connected in sequence to form a cooling system.
10. The waste heat-driven refrigerator according to claim 9, wherein the cold output unit further comprises a cold storage tank, a diverter valve is arranged on a communication pipeline between the air heat exchanger and the cold head, one outlet of the diverter valve is directly connected with the air heat exchanger, and the other outlet of the diverter valve is connected with the air heat exchanger through the cold storage tank.
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| CN202010737117.3A CN112303953A (en) | 2020-07-28 | 2020-07-28 | Waste heat driven refrigerator |
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| CN202010737117.3A CN112303953A (en) | 2020-07-28 | 2020-07-28 | Waste heat driven refrigerator |
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