CN111630766B - 电力变换装置以及搭载电力变换装置的电气铁道车辆 - Google Patents

电力变换装置以及搭载电力变换装置的电气铁道车辆 Download PDF

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CN111630766B
CN111630766B CN201880087211.XA CN201880087211A CN111630766B CN 111630766 B CN111630766 B CN 111630766B CN 201880087211 A CN201880087211 A CN 201880087211A CN 111630766 B CN111630766 B CN 111630766B
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conversion device
power conversion
phase
terminal
circuit
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CN111630766A (zh
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堀内敬介
仲田清
漆原法美
寺门秀一
寺泽清
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Hitachi Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/003—Constructional details, e.g. physical layout, assembly, wiring or busbar connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/007—Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L9/00—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle
    • B60L9/16—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using ac induction motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L9/00—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle
    • B60L9/16—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using ac induction motors
    • B60L9/18—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using ac induction motors fed from dc supply lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L9/00—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle
    • B60L9/16—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using ac induction motors
    • B60L9/24—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using ac induction motors fed from ac supply lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
    • H05K7/2089—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating for power electronics, e.g. for inverters for controlling motor
    • H05K7/20909—Forced ventilation, e.g. on heat dissipaters coupled to components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/52—Drive Train control parameters related to converters
    • B60L2240/525—Temperature of converter or components thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/003—Constructional details, e.g. physical layout, assembly, wiring or busbar connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M5/4585—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having a rectifier with controlled elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/23—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only arranged for operation in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
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    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
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Abstract

提供一种电力变换装置，作为系统整体能够谋求由部件件数减少带来的小型化、可靠性提升。电力变换装置(100)是由将2个半导体元件串联配置而成的半桥结构的半导体模块(110)构成的电力变换装置(100)。半导体模块(110)是大致长方体形状，沿该长方体的长边方向设置正极端子、负极端子以及交流输入输出或特定用途用的端子来形成构成电力变换装置(100)的1相的相应部分，在该长方体的短边方向即铅垂方向上将多个半导体模块(110)上下排列配置来形成构成电力变换装置(100)的多相。多相的半导体模块(100)以与冷却器(150)相接的形态设置，夹着多相的半导体模块(110)地将1个以上的电容器(120)配置在冷却器(150)的对面侧。

Description

电力变换装置以及搭载电力变换装置的电气铁道车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及电力变换装置以及搭载该电力变换装置的电气铁道车辆。
背景技术
作为电力变换装置，为了对驱动电气铁道车辆等车辆的电动机进行控制而使用的电力变换装置设置于车辆的地板下等。可是在车辆的地板下除了搭载该电力变换装置以外，例如还需要搭配空调用电源等大量部件，因此电力变换装置要求小型化。
另外，另一方面，如以下所示那样，为了效率提升的目的、设置环境的应对，而存在各种电路，对这些电路的每一者都尝试进行小型化。
在专利文献1公开的技术中，对施加至电动机的电压进行升压，为了减少电动机电流并减少因绕组电阻引起的损失，在将升压电路设置于铁道车辆用电力变换装置时，也要想办法不会因该升压电路而使设备大型化。
在专利文献2公开的技术中，在再生制动中电容器电压因导电弓的离线、负载的急变等而上升的情况下，也通过将用于防止向半导体元件施加的过电压的过电压抑制电路设置于电力变换装置来谋求可靠性的提升。
在专利文献3公开的技术中，制动斩波器装置减轻空气制动的磨耗，并将在电动机中产生的电力用制动电阻器变换成热来得到制动力，通过将该制动斩波器装置中所需的电抗器、制动电阻与其他设备共用，来实施由需要的设备的部件件数减少带来的小型化、故障风险的降低。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：JP特开2015-133779号公报
专利文献2：JP特开平7-154974号公报
专利文献3：JP特开2015-56993号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
在专利文献1～3分别公开的技术中，实施作为各自的目的的电力变换装置的最佳化的结果是，在这些电路混合存在的路线等中，难以作为系统整体来实施由部件件数的减少带来的小型化、可靠性的提升。
用于解决课题的手段
本发明鉴于上述的课题而提出，作为由将2个半导体元件串联配置而成的半桥结构的半导体模块构成的电力变换装置，其特征在于，半导体模块是大致长方体形状，沿该长方体的长边方向设置正极端子、负极端子以及交流输入输出或特定用途用的端子来形成构成该电力变换装置的1相的相应部分，在长方体的短边方向即铅垂方向上将多个半导体模块上下排列配置来形成构成该电力变换装置的多相，多相的半导体模块以与冷却器相接的形态设置，夹着多相的半导体模块地将1个以上的电容器配置在冷却器的对面侧。
发明效果
根据本发明，能相对于升压电路、过电压抑制电路以及制动斩波器电路中的任意1者将1相作为特定用途用来使用，从而与构成逆变器的3相合起来构成4相1体的电力变换装置。或者，在架线是交流的情况下，作为由2相2群构成的转换器，能构成4相1体的电力变换装置。
如以上那样，通过将全部电路设为4相1体，或者组合4相1体的电力变换装置来进行搭载，能单独削减需要的部件，能谋求电力变换装置的生产率的提升，并能实现由部件件数的减少带来的小型化、故障风险的降低。
附图说明
图1是以立体图表示本发明的实施例1所涉及的电力变换装置的结构的图。
图2是从图1所示的电力变换装置的结构中仅取下电容器的状态的主视图。
图3是从图2所示的结构中取下汇流条的状态的主视图。
图4是表示图1～3中搭载于冷却器的功率模块的图。
图5是表示用于实现升压电路的4相1体电力变换装置的电路结构的图。
图6是表示用于实现过电压抑制电路的4相1体电力变换装置的电路结构的图。
图7是用于实现制动斩波器电路的4相1体电力变换装置的电路结构的图。
图8是用于实现2群2相转换器电路的4相1体电力变换装置的电路结构的图。
图9是以立体图表示本发明的实施例2所涉及的电力变换装置的结构的图。
图10是从图9所示的电力变换装置的结构中仅取下电容器的状态的主视图。
图11是从图10所示的结构中取下汇流条的状态的主视图。
图12是表示具有将具备图7所示的制动斩波器电路的逆变器和图8所示的2群2相的转换器组合而成的结构的电气铁道车辆的示例的图。
具体实施方式
以下，作为本发明所涉及的电力变换装置的实施方式，参考附图来说明实施例1以及2。
实施例1
图1是以立体图表示本发明的实施例1所涉及的电力变换装置100的结构的图。
电力变换装置100由冷却器150、多个功率模块110、多个电容器120、正极汇流条40和负极汇流条50以及输出、输入或特定用途用的汇流条61～64构成。多个功率模块(2in1功率模块)110以与冷却器150相接的形态设置，相对于冷却器150，使模块短边方向5与上下方向对齐地将多个2in1功率模块110排列4个(还一并参考图3)。并且，夹着功率模块110地将多个电容器120配置在冷却器150的对面侧。
在此，在图4示出单体的2in1功率模块110的结构。2in1功率模块110的特征在于，是大致长方体形状，模块正极端子6a以及模块负极端子6b和模块交流输入输出或特定用途用的端子6c沿模块长边方向4设置于短边侧，另外，从模块正极端子6a与模块交流输入输出或特定用途用的端子6c之间的空间取出未图示的控制信号线。
图2表示从图1所示的电力变换装置100的结构仅取下电容器120的状态的主视图。如图示那样，正极汇流条40与各功率模块110(111～114)的各模块正极端子6a连接，负极汇流条50与各功率模块110(111～114)的各模块负极端子6b连接。另外，正极汇流条40以及负极汇流条50以在铅垂方向上夹着取下的电容器120的形态位于电力变换装置100的水平方向两端部，且在铅垂方向上以板状配置。进而，输出、输入或特定用途用的汇流条1～4(61～64)沿着位于中央部的各功率模块110(111～114)的各模块交流输入输出或特定用途用的端子6c(参考图3)而向铅垂上方延伸，与图3所示的输出、输入或特定用途用的端子1～4(71～74)连接。
图3表示从图2所示的结构中取下汇流条的状态的主视图。图4所示的功率模块110通过基于图3所示的排列的配置而以与冷却器150相接的形态设置。即，使模块短边方向5与铅垂方向(重力方向)一致来将功率模块设为4列结构(功率模块111～114)，使模块长边方向4与电车的行进方向(图1～3以及9～11所示的带箭头的一点划线)一致，并相对于冷却器150的中心轴(图3所示的两点划线)呈镜面对称地形成2列结构，由此能实现高密度的安装。
如以上那样，通过采用上述的结构，能缩短电力变换装置100的行进方向的长度，具有减少通过行驶风进行冷却的冷却器150的压力损失的效果。另外，能从模块正极端子6a与模块交流输入输出或特定用途用的端子6c之间的空间向图3所示的箭头虚线的方向取出未图示的控制信号线。
电力变换装置100例如由搭载有U相的上下臂串联电路的2in1功率模块1(111)、搭载有V相的上下臂串联电路的2in1功率模块2(112)、搭载有W相的上下臂串联电路的2in1功率模块3(113)以及使架线电压升压的用于特定用途的功率模块4(114)构成。以下，在并不特别区分各相的2in1功率模块111、112、113以及114时，仅记载为功率模块110。
各功率模块110例如如图5所示那样，是将如下上臂侧的电流开关电路和下臂侧的电流开关电路串联配置的半桥结构，其中，该上臂侧的电流开关电路由作为半导体元件的IGBT(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor，绝缘栅双极型晶体管)、MOSFET(metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor，金属-氧化物半导体场效应晶体管)与二极管的并联连接电路构成，该下臂侧的电流开关电路由同样的并联连接电路构成。
接下来，通过将实施例1所涉及的电力变换装置100运用、搭载在电气铁道车辆900，能够构成能追加特定的功能的4相1体的电力变换装置。按照图5～8来说明其具体的结构例。首先，示出共同的构成要素。
电力变换装置100在图5～7中作为逆变器起作用，在图8中作为转换器起作用。在图5～7的逆变器的情况下，将施加在架线300与接地部400之间的直流电压供给到电力变换装置100。经由电抗器600的直流电压例如作为特定用途用而经过第4相的2in1功率模块4(114)、电容器120输入到由第1相的2in1功率模块1(111)、第2相的2in1功率模块2(112)以及第3相的2in1功率模块3(113)构成的3相逆变器。在该3相逆变器中变换的交流电压从与各功率模块的模块交流输入输出或特定用途用的端子6c相连的输出端子1(71)、输出端子2(72)以及输出端子3(73)输出，对电动机500进行驱动。
另外，在图8的转换器(电力变换装置100a)的情况下，将施加在架线300与接地部400之间的交流输入电压经由1群侧变压器141以及2群侧变压器142供给到由第1相～第4相的各2in1功率模块1～4(111～114)构成的转换器，变换成直流电压。在该转换器中变换的直流电压经由电容器120被供给到构成逆变器的电力变换装置100b。
接下来，说明单独的结构。
图5是表示用于实现升压电路的4相1体电力变换装置的电路结构的图。另外，以下的表1示出该电路结构中的输出或特定用途用的端子的连接目的地。
第1相的2in1功率模块1(111)、第2相的2in1功率模块2(112)以及第3相的2in1功率模块3(113)成为与U相、V相以及W相的3相对应的功率模块，与各功率模块的模块交流端子6c连接的输出端子1～3(71～73)分别与电动机500的U相、V相以及W相连接。
另外，第4相的2in1功率模块4(114)在逆变器的直流侧作为特定用途而连接至升压电路用，该功率模块的特定用途用端子4(74)与电抗器600连接。
即，如表1所示那样(作为“图5”的列)，各功率模块111～114的模块交流输入输出或特定用途用的端子6c分别将第1相作为输出端子而与逆变器输出的U相电动机线连接，将第2相作为输出端子而与逆变器输出的V相电动机线连接，将第3相作为输出端子而与逆变器输出的W相电动机线连接，且将第4相作为特定用途用端子而与逆变器的升压线连接。
图6是表示用于实现过电压抑制电路的4相1体电力变换装置的电路结构的图。另外，在以下的表1中示出该电路结构中的输出或特定用途用的端子的连接目的地。
关于第1相到第3相的2in1功率模块1～3(111～113)，由于构成3相逆变器，因此与图5所示的连接方式同样，第4相作为特定用途而不同。第4相的2in1功率模块4(114)在逆变器的直流侧作为特定用途而连接至过电压抑制用，该功率模块4(114)的特定用途用端子4(74)经由电阻130与电抗器600连接。
即，如表1所示那样(作为“图6”的列)，各功率模块111～114的模块交流输入输出或特定用途用的端子6c分别将第1相作为输出端子而与逆变器输出的U相电动机线连接，将第2相作为输出端子而与逆变器输出的V相电动机线连接，将第3相作为输出端子而与逆变器输出的W相电动机线连接，且将第4相作为特定用途用端子而与逆变器直流侧的逆变器过电压抑制电路线连接。
图7是表示用于实现制动斩波器电路的4相1体电力变换装置的电路结构的图。另外，在以下的表1示出该电路结构中的输出或特定用途用的端子的连接目的地。
关于第1相到第3相的2in1功率模块1～3(111～113)，由于构成3相逆变器，因此与图5、图6所示的连接方式同样，第4相作为特定用途而不同。第4相的2in1功率模块4(114)在逆变器的直流侧作为特定用途而连接至制动斩波器用，该功率模块4(114)的特定用途用端子4(74)经由电阻130而与接地部400连接。
即，如表1所示那样(作为“图7”的列)，各功率模块111～114的模块交流输入输出或特定用途用的端子6c分别将第1相作为输出端子而与逆变器输出的U相电动机线连接，将第2相作为输出端子而与逆变器输出的V相电动机线连接，将第3相作为输出端子而与逆变器输出的W相电动机线连接，且将第4相作为特定用途用端子而与逆变器直流侧的制动斩波器线连接。
图8是表示用于实现2群2相转换器电路的4相1体电力变换装置的电路结构的图。另外，在以下的表1示出该电路结构中的输入端子的连接目的地。
图8所示的结构将4相1体电力变换装置运用在2群2相转换器的交流输入用中。因此，在该情况下，各功率模块111～114的模块交流输入输出或特定用途用的端子6c作为输入端子而使用。以下，设只有作为输入端子使用的情况才附加“′”。
第1相的2in1功率模块1(111)以及第2相的2in1功率模块2(112)将各自的输入端子1′～2′(71′～72′)与1群侧变压器141连接，第3相的2in1功率模块3(113)以及第4相的2in1功率模块4(114)将各自的输入端子3′～4′(73′～74′)与2群侧变压器142连接。由此，使用4个2in1功率模块1～4(111～114)来构成2群2相的转换器电路。
即，如表1所示那样(作为“图8”的列)，各功率模块111～114的模块交流输入输出或特定用途用的端子6c分别将第1相作为输入端子而与转换器的1群U相线连接，将第2相作为输入端子而与转换器的1群V相线连接，将第3相作为输入端子而与转换器的2群U相线连接，将第4相作为输入端子而与转换器的2群V相线连接。
【表1】
另外，还能将4相1体电力变换装置既运用在逆变器侧也运用在转换器侧，来设为将具备各种功能的逆变器和转换器组成一组的结构。在图12示出该1例。
图12是表示具有如下组合结构的电气铁道车辆的示例，该电气铁道车辆将具备图7所示的制动斩波器电路的逆变器100b和图8所示的2群2相的转换器100a组合而成。当然，在组合时，并不限定于图12所示的示例，还能是具备图5所示的升压电路的逆变器100b与图8所示的2群2相的转换器100a的组合、具备图6所示的过电压抑制电路的逆变器100b与图8所示的2群2相的转换器100a的组合等。
即，即使是以上任何的电路组合，根据本发明，特征也在于，作为所使用的电力变换装置而成为相同的硬件结构。因此，能实现用于使电路间的接口进行匹配的部件件数的削减，能谋求电力变换装置的生产率的提升，并且，作为结果，可关系到装置的小型化和可靠性提升。
实施例2
作为图1～3中所示的实施例1的结构，在电力变换装置100的中央部集中了输出、输入或特定用途用的汇流条与功率模块110的模块交流输入输出或特定用途用的端子6c的连接部，将电容器120左右分成两个部分。该实施例1的结构中，由于正极汇流条40和负极汇流条50在功率模块110的中央部不干扰，因此具有从位于模块中央的控制端子(未图示)出来的控制信号线(图2、3中向虚线箭头所示的方向引导控制信号线)难以受到从正极汇流条40和负极汇流条50产生的磁场的影响的效果。另一方面，由于电容器120被分成2个部分，因此存在不能充分确保需要的静电电容的可能性。
接下来说明的本发明的实施例2具有消除这一点的结构。
在图9～11示出实施例2所涉及的电力变换装置100的结构。图9是以立体图表示实施例2所涉及的电力变换装置100的结构的图。图10表示从图9所示的电力变换装置100的结构中仅取下电容器120的状态的主视图，图11表示从图10所示的结构中取下汇流条的状态的主视图。
在实施例2中，如图9所示那样设置有单体的电容器120。因此，如图11所示那样，将功率模块110整体进行排列的配置关系与图3所示的实施例1的情况同样，但各个功率模块111～114与实施例1的情况上下相反，配置成模块交流输入输出或特定用途用的端子6c来到电力变换装置100的两端(与此相伴，模块正极端子6a以及模块负极端子6b成为电力变换装置100的中央部)。另外，关于未图示的控制信号线，与实施例1同样，能从模块正极端子6a与模块交流输入输出或特定用途用的端子6c之间的空间向图11所示的箭头虚线的方向取出。另外，通过图11所示的模块正极端子6a以及模块负极端子6b的配置，正极汇流条40以及负极汇流条50如图10所示那样，在电力变换装置100的任意一个端部侧在铅垂方向上以板状配置
如以上那样，实施例2与实施例1不同，不是在电力变换装置100的中央部而是在两端集中了功率模块110的模块交流输入输出或特定用途用的端子6c的连接部，在电力变换装置100的中央部设置模块正极端子6a和模块负极端子6b。由此，由于能将1个大的电容器120与汇流条连接，因此能较大地确保静电电容，能更有效地抑制噪声。
附图标记说明
4...模块长边方向
5...模块短边方向
6...模块电力端子
6a...模块正极端子
6b...模块负极端子
6c...模块交流输入输出或特定用途用的端子
40...正极汇流条
50...负极汇流条
60...输出、输入或特定用途用的汇流条
61...输出或输入汇流条1
62...输出或输入汇流条2
63...输出或输入汇流条3
64...特定用途用汇流条4
70...输出或特定用途用的端子
71...输出端子1
72...输出端子2
73...输出端子3
74...特定用途用端子4
70′...输入端子
71′...输入端子1′
72′...输入端子2′
73′...输入端子3′
74′...输入端子4′
100...电力变换装置
110...2in1功率模块
111...2in1功率模块1(第1相)
112...2in1功率模块2(第2相)
113...2in1功率模块3(第3相)
114...2in1功率模块4(第4相)
120...电容器
130...电阻
140...变压器
141...1群侧变压器
142...2群侧变压器
150...冷却器
200...断路器
300...架线
400...接地部
500...电动机
600...电抗器
900...电气铁道车辆

Claims (9)

1.一种电力变换装置，由将2个半导体元件串联配置而成的半桥结构的半导体模块构成，其特征在于，
所述半导体模块是大致长方体形状，沿该长方体的长边方向设置正极端子、负极端子以及交流输入输出或特定用途用的第3端子来形成构成该电力变换装置的1相的相应部分，以使得在所述正极端子或所述负极端子与所述第3端子之间形成有空间，
该电力变换装置具有通过将所述半导体模块在所述长方体的长边方向即水平方向上呈镜面对称地排列2列并在所述长方体的短边方向即铅垂方向上排列4列的配置而形成的4个相，将所述特定用途用的电路作为剩下的1相加入到3相逆变器来构成该4个相，或由2相2群的转换器构成该4个相，
冷却器以与全部所述半导体模块相接的形态设置，
夹着全部所述半导体模块地将1个以上的电容器配置于所述冷却器的对面侧，
与所述半导体模块各自的所述正极端子连接的正极汇流条以及与所述半导体模块各自的所述负极端子连接的负极汇流条与所述电容器连接，
与所述半导体模块各自的所述第3端子连接的输出、输入或所述特定用途用的汇流条分别与和所述4个相对应的输出端子、输入端子或所述特定用途用的4个端子中的任一者连接，
所述正极汇流条以及所述负极汇流条以在铅垂方向上夹着所述电容器的形态配置在该电力变换装置的水平方向两端部，或与所述电容器的铅垂方向平行地配置在该电力变换装置的水平方向的一个端部，
相对于所述半导体模块的长边方向上的中心，所述正极端子和所述负极端子被设置在所述半导体模块的更靠近短侧面的位置，所述第3端子被设置在更靠近所述中心的位置，
所述正极汇流条以及所述负极汇流条被配置在设置有所述正极端子和所述负极端子的所述半导体模块的短侧面侧，并且具有从所述短侧面侧沿着所述半导体模块与所述电容器的层叠方向，向所述电容器侧折弯的L字形状。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电力变换装置，其特征在于，
输出、输入或所述特定用途用的所述汇流条分别单独地向铅垂方向上方延长，与所述4个端子中的任一者连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电力变换装置，其特征在于，
从所述正极端子或所述负极端子与所述第3端子之间的空间取出控制信号线。
4.根据权利要求1～3中任一项所述的电力变换装置，其特征在于，
所述特定用途用的电路是升压电路。
5.根据权利要求1～3中任一项所述的电力变换装置，其特征在于，
所述特定用途用的电路是过电压抑制电路。
6.根据权利要求1～3中任一项所述的电力变换装置，其特征在于，
所述特定用途用的电路是制动斩波器电路。
7.一种电力变换装置，其特征在于，
将权利要求1所述的由所述2相2群的转换器构成的电力变换装置、和权利要求1所述的加入到所述3相逆变器的所述剩下的1相的所述特定用途用的电路是升压电路、过电压抑制电路或制动斩波器电路中的任一者的电力变换装置组合来将交流输入变换成交流输出。
8.一种电气铁道车辆，其特征在于，
搭载权利要求1～4中任一项所述的电力变换装置。
9.根据权利要求8所述的电气铁道车辆，其特征在于，
将构成所述电力变换装置的所述半导体模块的所述长边方向作为该车辆的行进方向。
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