CN110804217A - 一种高填充淀粉母粒及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高填充淀粉母粒及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110804217A
CN110804217A CN201911261435.0A CN201911261435A CN110804217A CN 110804217 A CN110804217 A CN 110804217A CN 201911261435 A CN201911261435 A CN 201911261435A CN 110804217 A CN110804217 A CN 110804217A
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starch
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曾广胜
江太君
陈一
孟聪
胡灿
尹琛
刘水长
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Hunan University of Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高填充淀粉母粒及其制备方法,本发明采用未改性原淀粉为主要原料,添加高效增塑剂与润滑剂对复合材料进行增塑与润滑,制备出颗粒均匀表面光滑的高填充淀粉复合材料母粒。所述淀粉母粒可以广泛应用于同类基体树脂的填充,适应于挤出、注塑、吹膜与吹塑等多种成型工艺,材料成本相对于纯基体树脂更低,能够有效降低复合材料的成本,同时可以提升复合材料的生物碳含量,降低制品的碳足迹。

Description

一种高填充淀粉母粒及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种高填充淀粉母粒及其制备方法。
背景技术
淀粉是一种来自于自然植物的可再生可循环的绿色材料,其不仅可以作为粮食用供人类使用,也被广泛应用于化工与新材料领域用于制备各类复合材料。因其优异的可生物降解性能,淀粉通常作为填充来制备热塑性高生物碳含量生物基复合材料,广泛应用于一次性用品,在当前石化资源日益短缺,白色污染日益严重的大环境下越来越受到人们的重视。淀粉一方面可以通过化学改性制备成热塑性淀粉,再经母粒的形式与传统塑胶材料混合来生产塑胶制品,对于热塑性淀粉,需要对淀粉进行充分地化学改性,改性过程不仅会产生污染环境的污水,更重要的是制备的改性淀粉价格比较高,会严重影响复合材料的售价,进而限制热塑性淀粉的使用。如果能将淀粉以高比例填充至传统的热塑性塑料,借助增塑剂与润滑剂的作用使复合材料获得较好的加工性能,这种高填充比例的淀粉复合材料母粒同样可以与传统的塑胶材料进行共混生产制品。而且这种加工工艺不涉及至直接淀粉进行化学改性,制备的热塑性淀粉母粒性价比高,且同样具有较好的物理机械性能。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是针对淀粉在塑料中应用的不足,提供一种高填充淀粉母粒及其制备方法。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案予以实现:
一种高填充淀粉母粒,以重量份计,其原料包括淀粉50~70份、聚烯烃20~35份、相容剂2~10份、润滑剂1~8份、抗氧剂0.2~1份。
优选地,其原料包括淀粉60份、聚烯烃30份、相容剂5份、润滑剂5份、抗氧剂0.5份。
进一步地,所述淀粉为玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉、小麦淀粉和马铃薯淀粉的一种或多种。
进一步地,所述淀粉含水率为5~7%。
进一步地,所述聚烯烃为聚乙烯与聚丙烯中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述相容剂为EVA、EBA与马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯蜡中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述润滑剂为EBS蜡、聚乙烯蜡、硬酯酸钙与硬酯配锌中至少一种。
进一步地,所述所述抗氧剂是1010与168中的一种或两种。
上述所述的高填充淀粉母粒的制备步骤包括:将淀粉、塑化剂、润滑剂、抗氧剂按比例高速混合至物料温度达到70-100℃,然后放入冷混缸内降温至40℃以下,将冷却的混合物挤出造粒得到高填充淀粉母粒。
与现有技术相比,有益效果是:
本发明采用未改性原淀粉为主要原材料,综合利用高效增塑剂与润滑剂对复合材料进行增塑与润滑,制备出颗粒均匀表面光滑的高填充淀粉复合材料母粒。该母粒可以广泛应用于同类基体树脂的填充,适应于挤出、注塑、吹膜与吹塑等多种成型工艺,材料成本相对于纯基体树脂更低,能够有效降低复合材料的成本,同时可以提升复合材料的生物碳含量,降低最终制品的碳足迹。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例进一步解释和阐明,但具体实施例并不对本发明有任何形式的限定。若未特别指明,实施例中所用的方法和设备为本领常规方法和设备,所用原料均为常规市售原料。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种淀粉母粒的制备方法。
将玉米淀粉60份、聚丙烯34份、EVA 1.5份、EBA 1.5份、EBS蜡2份、聚乙烯蜡2.5份、抗氧剂1010 0.2份、抗氧剂168 0.2份置于高速混合机内高速混合至物料温度达到70-100℃,然后放入冷混缸内降温至40℃以下,将冷却的混合物挤出造粒得到高填充淀粉母粒。将上述制备的淀粉母粒进行性能检测,得到所述高填充淀粉母粒熔融指数10.5 g/10min,拉伸强度为14.6MPa,断裂伸长率为38%,冲击强度7.2kJ/m2
实施例2
本实施例提供一种淀粉母粒的制备方法。
将小麦淀粉60份、聚丙烯32份、EVA 2份、EBA 2.5份、EBS蜡2.5份、马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯蜡2.0份、抗氧剂1010 0.2份、抗氧剂168 0.2份置于高速混合机内高速混合至物料温度达到70-100℃,然后放入冷混缸内降温至40℃以下,将冷却的混合物挤出造粒得到高填充淀粉母粒。将上述制备的淀粉母粒进行性能检测,得到所述高填充淀粉母粒熔融指数12g/10min,拉伸强度为13.4MPa,断裂伸长率为47%,冲击强度8.2kJ/m2
实施例3
本实施例提供一种淀粉母粒的制备方法。
将小麦淀粉50份、聚丙烯20份、EVA 1份、EBA 1.5份、EBS蜡1份、马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯蜡1.0份、抗氧剂1010 0.1份、抗氧剂168 0.1份置于高速混合机内高速混合至物料温度达到70-100℃,然后放入冷混缸内降温至40℃以下,将冷却的混合物挤出造粒得到高填充淀粉母粒。将上述制备的淀粉母粒进行性能检测,得到所述高填充淀粉母粒熔融指数10 g/10min,拉伸强度为10.8MPa,断裂伸长率为39%,冲击强度7.5kJ/m2
实施例4
本实施例提供一种淀粉母粒的制备方法。
将小麦淀粉70份、聚丙烯35份、EVA 5份、EBA 4份、EBS蜡3份、马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯蜡5份、抗氧剂1010 0.5份、抗氧剂168 0.5份置于高速混合机内高速混合至物料温度达到70-100℃,然后放入冷混缸内降温至40℃以下,将冷却的混合物挤出造粒得到高填充淀粉母粒。将上述制备的淀粉母粒进行性能检测,得到所述高填充淀粉母粒熔融指数13 g/10min,拉伸强度为13.4MPa,断裂伸长率为45%,冲击强度8.6kJ/m2
将上述制备的淀粉母粒与聚乙烯混合,填充量分别为5%、10%、15%、20%,将填充的有淀粉母粒的聚乙烯与纯聚乙烯相比,填充有5%、10%和15%的聚乙烯的性能与纯聚乙烯拉伸性能相近,填充有20%的聚乙烯的性能明显差于纯聚乙烯。
显然,本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例,而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

1.一种高填充淀粉母粒,其特征在于,以重量份计,其原料包括淀粉50~70份、聚烯烃20~35份、相容剂2~10份、润滑剂1~8份、抗氧剂0.2~1份。
2.根据权利要求1所述高填充淀粉母粒,其特征在于,以重量份计,其原料包括淀粉60份、聚烯烃30份、相容剂5份、润滑剂5份、抗氧剂0.5份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述高填充淀粉母粒,其特征在于,所述淀粉为玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉、小麦淀粉和马铃薯淀粉的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述高填充淀粉母粒,其特征在于,所述淀粉含水率为5~7%。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述高填充淀粉母粒,其特征在于,所述聚烯烃为聚乙烯与聚丙烯中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述高填充淀粉母粒,其特征在于,所述相容剂为EVA、EBA与马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯蜡中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述高填充淀粉母粒,其特征在于,所述润滑剂为EBS蜡、聚乙烯蜡、硬酯酸钙与硬酯配锌中至少一种。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述高填充淀粉母粒,其特征在于,所述所述抗氧剂是1010与168中的一种或两种。
9.根据权利要求1~8任一所述高填充淀粉母粒,其特征在于,其制备步骤包括:将淀粉、塑化剂、润滑剂、抗氧剂按比例高速混合至物料温度达到70-100℃,然后放入冷混缸内降温至40℃以下,将冷却的混合物挤出造粒得到高填充淀粉母粒。
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