CN110657879B - Distributed optical fiber vibration sensing positioning method and device based on FFT - Google Patents
Distributed optical fiber vibration sensing positioning method and device based on FFT Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a distributed optical fiber vibration sensing positioning method based on FFT, which is characterized in that the FFT is carried out on signals accumulated at each position by collecting backward Rayleigh scattering signals of a plurality of pulses, the frequency of the vibration signals at the position is determined according to the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the position, the frequency is taken as a judgment condition for screening, the frequency result meeting the judgment condition is subjected to difference processing at the corresponding position at the adjacent moment, and the real effective vibration position is accurately identified under the influence of the external environment on an optical cable. The invention also provides a distributed optical fiber vibration sensing positioning device based on FFT, which is used for executing the positioning method. The invention judges the vibration position by combining the vibration frequency characteristics of different vibration forms and the characteristics of real vibration paroxysmal, and has simple algorithm realization and good engineering practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of distributed optical fiber vibration sensing, in particular to a distributed optical fiber vibration sensing positioning method and device based on FFT (fast Fourier transform).
Background
The distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system consists of a long-distance distributed detection optical fiber arranged at the front end, an optical fiber demodulation host and upper computer software. The system utilizes a laser source and an acousto-optic modulator to continuously inject pulse light into a detection optical fiber, receives backward Rayleigh scattering light containing vibration or sound wave signals output after the vibration or sound wave signals are detected in a sensing optical fiber, transmits the signals to an upper computer through a photoelectric detector and a collecting card to perform data processing, and finally demodulates the vibration information. The distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system carries out all-weather long-distance continuous vibration monitoring and early warning on the position where an optical fiber arrives all day long, is a current intelligent and reliable technical precaution means, has the characteristics of high reliability, high sensitivity, low power consumption and the like, and is widely applied to intrusion detection in the fields of frontier defense, high-speed railway lines, camping area prisons, historical relics, high-speed forest zones, nuclear power stations, oil and gas pipelines and the like.
The main vibration information demodulation method at present is to use the collected amplitude signals to make time difference, and position the occurrence position of the vibration signals according to the intensity values of the difference signals. The method is simple to implement, and a good judgment effect can be obtained in a laboratory environment. However, in practical applications, the optical cable is subjected to multiple influences of natural environments (such as strong wind, strong rain, hail, etc.) and human environments (such as automobile driving, subway passing, crowd gathering, etc.) according to the laying conditions, and at this time, various vibration signals acting on the optical fiber are extracted only by an amplitude signal time difference method. When early warning judgment is carried out in practical application, the vibration signal which needs to be monitored really is submerged by other surrounding vibration signals (caused by environment), which brings great trouble to the judgment of the real vibration position and causes higher false alarm rate. The method for solving the problem at the present stage mainly adopts a dynamic threshold value and pattern recognition method: dynamic thresholds may reduce false alarm rates to some extent, but inevitably increase false alarm rates; the vibration type can be judged by the mode recognition, but the algorithm is complex to realize and low in practicability.
In order to solve the above problems, people are always seeking an ideal technical solution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a distributed optical fiber vibration sensing positioning method based on FFT (fast Fourier transform). the vibration position can be judged by combining the vibration frequency characteristics of different vibration forms and the characteristics of real vibration outburst, the algorithm is simple to realize, and the method has good engineering practicability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a distributed optical fiber vibration sensing positioning method based on FFT comprises the following steps:
acquiring a plurality of pulse data strings output by a photoelectric detector, wherein the pulse data strings are a plurality of sets of backward data acquired under a single emission pulse;
sequencing the collected multiple pulse data strings according to a time sequence to obtain a backward data matrix;
performing M-point FFT operation on the backward data matrix column by column to obtain a two-dimensional frequency domain matrix, wherein M is an integral power of 2;
calculating frequency values column by column of the two-dimensional frequency domain matrix to obtain a one-dimensional frequency matrix;
limiting the frequency value range of the one-dimensional frequency matrix column by column, limiting the frequency higher than the upper limit of the frequency value range as the upper limit of the frequency value, and limiting the frequency lower than the lower limit of the frequency value range as the lower limit of the frequency value to obtain a one-dimensional limiting matrix;
repeating the steps to obtain another one-dimensional limiting matrix;
performing difference processing on the two one-dimensional limiting matrixes to obtain a one-dimensional difference matrix;
and judging the threshold value of the one-dimensional difference matrix column by column, judging the position corresponding to the column with the difference value larger than the preset threshold value as an intrusion position, and otherwise, judging that no intrusion exists.
Based on the above, the specific steps of calculating the frequency values column by column for the two-dimensional frequency domain matrix are as follows:
selecting a first column of the two-dimensional frequency domain matrix, starting from the 2 nd data of the column and ending to the M/2 nd data of the column, judging whether data larger than a preset amplitude threshold value exist, if not, indicating that no vibration exists at the position, and marking the frequency value of the column as 0; if so, selecting the frequency at the data position with the maximum amplitude value between 2 and M/2 as the frequency value of the row;
and selecting the second column of the two-dimensional frequency domain array, repeating the operation to obtain the frequency value of the 2 nd column, and repeating the operation in the same way to obtain the frequency value of each column of the two-dimensional frequency domain array to form a one-dimensional frequency matrix.
Based on the above, the frequency at the data position with the largest amplitude value between the 2 nd to M/2 nd rows in each column is:
wherein N is any number between 1 and N, N is the number of column vectors of the two-dimensional frequency domain matrix, and mniRepresents any value from 2 to M/2 in the nth column, M represents the number of FFT points,
frequency value, f, representing the nth columnPRFIndicating the pulse repetition frequency.
The invention also provides a distributed optical fiber vibration sensing and positioning device, which comprises:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a plurality of pulse data strings output by the photoelectric detector, and the pulse data strings are a set of a plurality of backward data acquired under a single emission pulse;
the sequencing module is used for sequencing the collected pulse data strings according to a time sequence to obtain a backward data matrix;
the two-dimensional frequency domain matrix acquisition module is used for performing M-point FFT operation on the backward data matrix column by column to obtain a two-dimensional frequency domain matrix;
the one-dimensional limiting matrix acquisition module is used for limiting the frequency value range of the one-dimensional frequency matrix column by column, limiting the frequency higher than the upper limit of the frequency value range as the upper limit of the frequency value, and limiting the frequency lower than the lower limit of the frequency value range as the lower limit of the frequency value to obtain a one-dimensional limiting matrix;
the difference making module is used for performing difference processing on the two one-dimensional limiting matrixes to obtain a one-dimensional difference matrix;
and the intrusion judgment module is used for judging the threshold value of the one-dimensional difference matrix column by column, judging the position corresponding to the column with the difference value larger than the preset threshold value as an intrusion position, and otherwise, judging that no intrusion exists.
The invention also provides computer equipment which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to realize the steps of the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing positioning method.
The invention also provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the aforementioned distributed optical fiber vibration sensing localization method.
Compared with the prior art, the method has outstanding substantive characteristics and remarkable progress, and particularly, the method performs an FFT algorithm on the collected impulse response signals according to corresponding positions, determines the vibration frequency at the position according to amplitude-frequency characteristics, determines whether the vibration is effective vibration according to a preset frequency range and a frequency value difference result, so that the problems that the optical cable is influenced by the external environment and the false alarm rate is high and the effective position is difficult to identify are solved, the judgment accuracy of the system on the effective vibration behavior under various external environment conditions is improved, the false alarm rate of the system is reduced, and the method has high availability in engineering application.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the positioning method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of the positioning device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the following embodiments.
The distributed optical fiber vibration monitoring system mainly comprises two monitoring systems based on intensity demodulation and phase demodulation, the two systems can use the positioning method of the invention when positioning the vibration position, and the embodiment takes a phase demodulation system (phi-OTDR) as an example to describe the positioning method of the invention in detail.
As shown in fig. 1, a distributed optical fiber vibration sensing positioning method based on FFT includes the following steps:
and S1, acquiring a plurality of pulse data strings output by the photoelectric detector, wherein the pulse data strings are a set of a plurality of backward data acquired under a single emission pulse.
The number of the backward data corresponds to the propagation distance of light on the optical fiber, and each backward data corresponds to a position point in the optical fiber and represents an impulse response signal returned from the position point.
Specifically, in the phi-OTDR system, the interference optical signal collected by the data acquisition card is:
in the formula
Wherein E isRIs the amplitude of the interfering light, ELOIs the amplitude of the local light, and Δ ω is the frequency offset, φ ω, introduced by the acousto-optic modulatorLO(t) is the initial phase of the local light, φR(t) is the phase of the interference light.
And S2, sequencing the acquired pulse data strings according to the time sequence to obtain a backward data matrix.
And arranging and combining the interference optical signals according to a pulse time sequence to obtain an M-N two-dimensional matrix, wherein M is the number of the acquired pulse data strings, N is the number of backward data in a single pulse data string, each matrix element is backward data, each row of the matrix corresponds to one acquisition pulse, and each column of the matrix corresponds to one position point in the optical fiber.
And S3, performing M-point FFT operation on the backward data matrix column by column to obtain a two-dimensional frequency domain matrix, wherein M must be an integral power of 2.
And performing M-point FFT operation on the M-point N two-dimensional time domain matrix according to columns to obtain an M-point N two-dimensional frequency domain matrix, wherein the two-dimensional frequency domain matrix comprises the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the impulse response signal.
And S4, calculating frequency values column by column of the two-dimensional frequency domain matrix to obtain a one-dimensional frequency matrix.
And selecting a first row of the two-dimensional frequency domain array, and judging whether data larger than a preset amplitude threshold value exists or not from the 2 nd data of the row to the M/2 nd data of the row, wherein the preset amplitude threshold value is determined according to the vibration intensity acting on the optical cable in actual field application, and the initial value can be set to be 4.
If not, the vibration does not exist at the position, and the frequency value of the row is marked as 0; if so, selecting the data position M with the maximum amplitude value between 2 and M/21iThe frequency corresponding to the mth data position is:
wherein m is1iRepresents any value from 2 to M/2 in column 1, M represents the number of FFT points,
frequency value, f, representing column 1PRFRepresents the pulse repetition frequency;
selecting a second column of the two-dimensional frequency domain array to repeat the operation to obtain a frequency value of the 2 nd column
Analogizing in turn to obtain the frequency value of each column of the two-dimensional frequency domain array
And forming a one-dimensional frequency matrix, wherein N is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to N.
S5, limiting the frequency value range of the one-dimensional frequency matrix column by column to obtain a one-dimensional limiting matrix;
where the range of set frequency values is [ P: q ], the frequency higher than the upper limit Q of the frequency value range is defined as the upper limit Q of the frequency value range, and the frequency lower than the lower limit P of the frequency value range is defined as the lower limit P of the frequency value range.
P, Q, the actual value is set according to the construction site environment and the optical fiber layout mode, for example, when the optical fiber is hung on the net or laid along the railing, P is 0, Q is 60 hz; when the optical fiber is buried, P can be set to be 20, and Q can be set to be 100 hz. Because the vibration signal is essentially a mechanical wave transmitted through a medium, through the action of a structure and the medium, the frequency distribution of the vibration signal acquired by a distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system in engineering application is not too wide, signals between 20Hz and 60Hz are more, vibration with the frequency below 20Hz is more signals such as ground pulsation, weak vibration under the influence of natural weather, and the like, the vibration signal higher than 60Hz generally can only appear on a small structure or caused by mechanical vibration, and the vibration signal with the frequency above 100Hz rarely occurs in the monitoring activity of a long-distance large structure.
And S6, repeating the steps to obtain another one-dimensional limiting matrix.
And S7, performing difference processing on the two one-dimensional limiting matrixes to obtain a one-dimensional difference matrix.
Because the obtained two one-dimensional difference matrixes carry the vibration frequency information of adjacent moments, the difference processing is carried out on the corresponding positions of the two obtained one-dimensional limiting matrixes to obtain a 1 x N one-dimensional difference matrix.
Because effective vibration is mostly paroxysmal, if the railing is crossed artificially, the cable covering soil is excavated, etc., after the difference processing of adjacent moments, the abnormal value of the vibration frequency caused by the action can be screened out, and the subsequent threshold positioning vibration position is convenient. And the vibration caused by vibration sources (such as insects, tree vegetation, earth pulse vibration and the like) existing in a certain position for a long time can be offset through adjacent difference values, so that the misjudgment of the vibration position is reduced.
And S8, performing threshold judgment on the one-dimensional difference matrix column by column, judging the position corresponding to the column with the difference value larger than the preset threshold value T as an intrusion position, and otherwise, judging that no intrusion exists.
The preset threshold value T is set according to the field test effect, and the initial value can be set to be 5.
The invention also provides a distributed optical fiber vibration sensing positioning device based on pulse accumulation, as shown in fig. 2, the positioning device comprises:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a plurality of pulse data strings output by the photoelectric detector, and the pulse data strings are a set of a plurality of backward data acquired under a single emission pulse;
the sequencing module is used for sequencing the collected pulse data strings according to a time sequence to obtain a backward data matrix;
the two-dimensional frequency domain matrix acquisition module is used for performing M-point FFT operation on the backward data matrix column by column to obtain a two-dimensional frequency domain matrix;
the one-dimensional limiting matrix acquisition module is used for limiting the frequency value range of the one-dimensional frequency matrix column by column, limiting the frequency higher than the upper limit of the frequency value range as the upper limit of the frequency value, and limiting the frequency lower than the lower limit of the frequency value range as the lower limit of the frequency value to obtain a one-dimensional limiting matrix;
the difference making module is used for performing difference processing on the two one-dimensional limiting matrixes to obtain a one-dimensional difference matrix;
and the intrusion judgment module is used for judging the threshold value of the one-dimensional difference matrix column by column, judging the position corresponding to the column with the difference value larger than the preset threshold value as an intrusion position, and otherwise, judging that no intrusion exists.
The device performs FFT algorithm on the collected impulse response signals according to corresponding positions, determines the vibration frequency of the position according to amplitude-frequency characteristics, and determines whether the vibration frequency is effective vibration according to a frequency preset range and a frequency value difference result, so that the problems that the optical cable is influenced by the external environment, namely the false alarm rate is high and the effective position is difficult to identify are solved, the judgment accuracy of the system on the effective vibration behavior under various external environment conditions is improved, the false alarm rate of the system is reduced, and the high availability is achieved in engineering application.
The invention also provides computer equipment which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to realize the steps of the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing positioning method.
The invention also provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the aforementioned distributed optical fiber vibration sensing localization method.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: modifications to the specific embodiments of the invention or equivalent substitutions for parts of the technical features may be made; without departing from the spirit of the present invention, it is intended to cover all aspects of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A distributed optical fiber vibration sensing positioning method based on FFT is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, collecting a plurality of pulse data strings output by the photoelectric detector, wherein the pulse data strings are a collection of a plurality of backward data collected under a single emission pulse;
step S2, sequencing the collected multiple pulse data strings according to the time sequence to obtain a backward data matrix;
step S3, performing M-point FFT operation on the backward data matrix column by column to obtain a two-dimensional frequency domain matrix, wherein M is an integral power of 2;
step S4, calculating frequency values column by column of the two-dimensional frequency domain matrix to obtain a one-dimensional frequency matrix;
the specific steps of calculating the frequency value of the two-dimensional frequency domain matrix column by column are as follows:
selecting a first column of the two-dimensional frequency domain matrix, starting from the 2 nd data of the column and ending to the M/2 nd data of the column, judging whether data larger than a preset amplitude threshold value exist, if not, indicating that no vibration exists at the position, and marking the frequency value of the column as 0; if so, selecting the frequency at the data position with the maximum amplitude value between 2 and M/2 as the frequency value of the row;
the frequency at the data location with the largest amplitude value between the 2 nd to M/2 nd rows of each column is:
wherein N is any number between 1 and N, N is the number of column vectors of the two-dimensional frequency domain matrix, and mniRepresents an arbitrary value from 2 to M/2 in the nth column, M represents the number of FFT points, fmniFrequency value, f, representing the nth columnPRFRepresents the pulse repetition frequency;
selecting the second column of the two-dimensional frequency domain array, repeating the operation to obtain the frequency value of the 2 nd column, and repeating the operation in the same way to obtain the frequency value of each column of the two-dimensional frequency domain array to form a one-dimensional frequency matrix; step S5, limiting the frequency value range of the one-dimensional frequency matrix column by column, limiting the frequency higher than the upper limit of the frequency value range as the upper limit of the frequency value range, and limiting the frequency lower than the lower limit of the frequency value range as the lower limit of the frequency value range to obtain a one-dimensional limiting matrix;
step S6, repeating the above steps to obtain another one-dimensional limiting matrix at the adjacent time;
step S7, performing difference processing on the two one-dimensional limiting matrixes to obtain a one-dimensional difference matrix;
and step S8, performing threshold judgment on the one-dimensional difference matrix column by column, judging the position corresponding to the column with the difference value larger than a preset threshold value as an intrusion position, and otherwise, judging that no intrusion exists.
2. A distributed optical fiber vibration sensing and positioning device based on pulse accumulation is characterized by comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a plurality of pulse data strings output by the photoelectric detector, and the pulse data strings are a set of a plurality of backward data acquired under a single emission pulse;
the sequencing module is used for sequencing the collected pulse data strings according to a time sequence to obtain a backward data matrix;
the two-dimensional frequency domain matrix acquisition module is used for performing M-point FFT operation on the backward data matrix column by column to obtain a two-dimensional frequency domain matrix;
the one-dimensional frequency matrix acquisition module is used for calculating the frequency values of the two-dimensional frequency domain matrix column by column to obtain a one-dimensional frequency matrix;
the specific steps of calculating the frequency value of the two-dimensional frequency domain matrix column by column are as follows:
selecting a first column of the two-dimensional frequency domain matrix, starting from the 2 nd data of the column and ending to the M/2 nd data of the column, judging whether data larger than a preset amplitude threshold value exist, if not, indicating that no vibration exists at the position, and marking the frequency value of the column as 0; if so, selecting the frequency at the data position with the maximum amplitude value between 2 and M/2 as the frequency value of the row;
the frequency at the data location with the largest amplitude value between the 2 nd to M/2 nd rows of each column is:
wherein N is any number between 1 and N, N is the number of column vectors of the two-dimensional frequency domain matrix, and mniRepresents any value from 2 to M/2 in the nth column, M represents the number of FFT points,
frequency value, f, representing the nth columnPRFRepresents the pulse repetition frequency;
selecting the second column of the two-dimensional frequency domain array, repeating the operation to obtain the frequency value of the 2 nd column, and repeating the operation in the same way to obtain the frequency value of each column of the two-dimensional frequency domain array to form a one-dimensional frequency matrix;
the one-dimensional limiting matrix acquisition module is used for limiting the frequency value range of the one-dimensional frequency matrix column by column, limiting the frequency higher than the upper limit of the frequency value range as the upper limit of the frequency value, and limiting the frequency lower than the lower limit of the frequency value range as the lower limit of the frequency value to obtain a one-dimensional limiting matrix;
the difference making module is used for performing difference processing on two one-dimensional limiting matrixes at adjacent moments to obtain a one-dimensional difference value matrix;
and the intrusion judgment module is used for judging the threshold value of the one-dimensional difference matrix column by column, judging the position corresponding to the column with the difference value larger than the preset threshold value as an intrusion position, and otherwise, judging that no intrusion exists.
3. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing localization method of claim 1 when executing the computer program.
4. A computer readable storage medium, having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing localization method of claim 1.
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| CN114370925B (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-10-18 | 南京大学 | Method for determining distributed optical fiber sensing channel |
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