CN110617018B - Device and method for evaluating flushing efficiency of filter cake of well cementation cement injection drilling fluid - Google Patents
Device and method for evaluating flushing efficiency of filter cake of well cementation cement injection drilling fluid Download PDFInfo
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- CN110617018B CN110617018B CN201910871419.7A CN201910871419A CN110617018B CN 110617018 B CN110617018 B CN 110617018B CN 201910871419 A CN201910871419 A CN 201910871419A CN 110617018 B CN110617018 B CN 110617018B
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013170 computed tomography imaging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003670 easy-to-clean Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/005—Testing the nature of borehole walls or the formation by using drilling mud or cutting data
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- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for evaluating the flushing efficiency of a filter cake of well cementing drilling fluid, wherein the device consists of a supporting derrick 12, a flange plate 5, a permeable artificial well wall 6, an outer pipe 7, an inner pipe 15, a variable frequency pump 11 and a flushing fluid storage tank 1, the upper-section outer pipe, the permeable artificial well wall and the lower-section outer pipe are sequentially connected from top to bottom through the flange plate to form a simulated well hole, the inner pipe is fixed in the simulated well hole, and an annular space is formed between the inner pipe and the simulated well hole; the upper end of the annular space is connected with the flushing liquid storage tank through a liquid outlet, and the lower end of the annular space is connected with the flushing liquid storage tank through a liquid inlet and a variable frequency pump to form a flushing liquid circulation passage. The method comprises the following steps: pressing a drilling fluid filter cake on the permeable artificial well wall; placing the prepared flushing fluid into a liquid storage tank, starting a pump to circulate, and performing a flushing experiment on a filter cake of the drilling fluid; the washing efficiency was calculated. The invention analyzes and researches the factors influencing the flushing efficiency of the filter cake of the drilling fluid and the action mechanism thereof, and provides theoretical guidance for the site.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for evaluating the flushing efficiency of a filter cake of well cementing and cementing drilling fluid, in particular to a device and a method for evaluating the flushing efficiency, which can form a real filter cake of the drilling fluid on irregular artificial permeable well walls with different permeabilities, can form an annular space with irregular appearance and can evaluate the capability of flushing the filter cake of the drilling fluid by flushing fluid.
Background
The low flushing efficiency of well cementation and water injection is one of the important reasons causing poor well cementation quality, well cementation and water injection displacement theory and experimental research are developed, the physical and chemical action mechanism in the displacement process is mastered, the significance is significant for optimizing the performance of well cementation fluid and optimizing well cementation construction parameters, the conventional well cementation and water injection displacement research has more assumed conditions and is over-ideal in research, mainly drilling fluid in a displacement regular round borehole is used, the influence of chemical incompatibility among fluids on the flushing efficiency is mostly not considered, the influence of a drilling fluid filter cake on the borehole wall on the flushing efficiency is not considered, and the theoretical research result can only be regularly known, so that quantitative operable technical indexes are difficult to be provided for an oil field. In the past, the cleaning effect of the filter cake of the drilling fluid is simulated, a multi-purpose cylindrical core is used for simulating a stratum, the filter cake is pressed on the core, and then the core and the filter cake are rotated in flushing fluid at a certain rotating speed, so that the flushing fluid scours the core, which is not in accordance with the underground practice. Because the core drives the filter cake to rotate at a high speed, the filter cake generates centrifugal force which is beneficial to the filter cake to separate from the surface of the core, and simultaneously, all the surfaces of the filter cake can be washed by cleaning fluid at the same relative speed, and only represents the extreme condition that an ideal round borehole and a casing are completely centered. Thus, the method is incompatible with the most irregular or even severely irregular conditions of the borehole downhole, with the presence of a filter cake of drilling fluid on the borehole wall that is more difficult to displace clean than the drilling fluid, and with the actual chemical incompatibility between the fluids.
At present, the experimental device and the measuring method adopted in the simulation experiment of the flushing efficiency of the cementing and the cementing at home and abroad have certain defects and shortcomings: the high-speed camera method can monitor the flowing state of annular fluid and measure the flushing efficiency, but has the following problem of particles, strict requirement on high-energy illumination and poor flexibility (dawn and the like, a measuring method for simulating the flushing efficiency of cement injection, a patent publication No. CN 103556986A); the temperature method reflects the displacement effect by measuring the temperature change of a displacement interface in the displacement process, but has large experimental error caused by the loss of heat of working fluid and the mixing of heat of flushing fluid and flushed fluid (dawn and the like). The weighing method calculates the flushing efficiency by weighing the whole device and analyzing the volume, but the annular residual cement slurry exists, and the drilling fluid is not easy to clean and causes errors in the next experiment (Zheng double entry. test device and test method for evaluating the flushing efficiency of the well cementation cement slurry. patent publication No. CN 108590570A). The conventional filter cake cleaning is carried out by filtering paper or forming a filter cake on a rock core, and the cleaning is not consistent with the actual situation that a real filter cake is formed on the well wall in a well, and similar calculation needs to be carried out (Kawawa, a filter cake automatic cleaning filter press, patent publication No. CN 208244183U). The method only observes the annular displacement process of a certain section of the borehole, and can not study the sections of the irregular borehole and the formation condition of filter cakes on the irregular borehole.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for evaluating the flushing efficiency of a filter cake of a well cementing and cementing drilling fluid, which can simulate the flushing process of the well cementing and cementing drilling fluid filter cake for cleaning irregular well holes and permeable well walls with different permeability indoors and has wide market application prospect.
The invention also aims to provide a method for evaluating the flushing efficiency of the filter cake of the well cementation cement injection fluid by using the device, which has reliable principle and simple and convenient operation, analyzes and researches factors influencing the well cementation flushing efficiency, particularly the flushing efficiency of the filter cake of the drilling fluid and action mechanisms thereof by simulating the displacement process of the well cementation cement injection in the well, and provides theoretical guidance for the field.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A device for evaluating the flushing efficiency of a filter cake of well cementation cement injection drilling fluid consists of a shaft system, a circulating system, a detection and evaluation system and a rack system.
The shaft system consists of two sections of combined outer pipes with replaceable and adjustable inner surfaces, a permeable artificial well wall with the shape and the size of the inner surface consistent with those of the outer pipes, and a transparent circular inner pipe for simulating a casing. The outer pipe is connected with a flange disc, and is sequentially connected with an upper-section combined outer pipe, a permeable artificial well wall and a lower-end combined outer pipe to simulate a well hole which is irregular in shape, adjustable in shape and provided with a permeable well wall; the inner pipe is fixed in the simulated borehole through the fixing support to form an annular space with irregular and adjustable appearance, and the centering degree of the inner pipe in the simulated borehole can be adjusted through the fixing support; the lower section of the combined outer pipe is provided with a liquid inlet and an emptying valve, the upper end of the combined outer pipe is sealed by a flange plate, the upper end of the inner pipe is not sealed, detection equipment can be added into the inner pipe, and a liquid outlet at the upper end of the annular space is connected with a circulating system to form a circulating passage; the bottom end of the inner pipe is a closed semicircular ball head, so that fluid entering from the liquid inlet can be divided and guided, and the fluid is ensured to enter the whole simulated annulus.
The circulating system consists of a liquid outlet pipeline connected with a liquid outlet at the upper end, a liquid inlet pipeline connected with a liquid inlet at the lower section, a flushing liquid tank, a variable frequency pump with adjustable discharge capacity and a flowmeter.
The rack system consists of a base, a supporting derrick and an inner pipe fixing support.
The device detects the washing efficiency mode and calculates the washing efficiency for detecting the filter cake residual degree on the permeable artificial well wall.
The method for evaluating the flushing efficiency of the filter cake of the well cementation cement injection drilling fluid by using the device sequentially comprises the following steps of:
1) selecting a corresponding permeability artificial well wall according to the permeability condition of the stratum;
2) pressing a drilling fluid filter cake on a permeable artificial well wall according to the downhole temperature of the drilling fluid and the pressure difference to the stratum;
3) connecting the upper outer pipe section, the permeable artificial well wall with the drilling fluid filter cake and the lower outer pipe section in sequence by using a flange plate to form a simulated well hole;
4) fixing the inner pipe in the simulated borehole by using a fixed support and a flange plate to form an annular space;
5) adjusting the inclination angle of the shaft by rotating the guide head, and fixing the inclination angle after the inclination angle is in place;
6) putting the prepared flushing fluid into a liquid storage tank, opening a one-way valve and a flowmeter, starting a pump to circulate, adjusting the flow through a variable frequency pump, and performing a drilling fluid filter cake flushing experiment after the flow reaches a design value;
7) calculating the flushing efficiency by a tracer ion concentration detection method, namely, the drilling fluid contains KCL, pressing a drilling fluid filter cake on a permeable artificial well wall, and flushing and destroying the filter cakeIn liquid, washing liquid K+Increasing ion concentration, detecting K in the washing liquid+And (3) calculating the flushing efficiency eta of the flushing liquid on the drilling fluid filter cake through the following formula:
in the formula: c1Measured as K in the displacement fluid after a period of circulation+Concentration, mol/L; c2As K in the filter cake+Concentration, mol/L.
The invention can also scan the thickness of the filter cake of the drilling fluid in real time by a CT imaging test method or directly measure the thickness of the filter cake of the residual drilling fluid by disassembling the outer pipe so as to calculate the flushing efficiency.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method can press a real drilling fluid filter cake on the regular/irregular permeability artificial well wall, so that the process that the drilling fluid filter cake on the regular/irregular well wall is washed by flushing fluid in the process of well cementation and cement injection is simulated in the subsequent process;
(2) the inner surface of the permeable artificial well wall is basically consistent with the outer pipe in shape and size, so that the smoothness of flowing of flushing liquid in an annular space is ensured, and the permeable artificial well wall can simulate different permeability, different irregular well bores, different well wall roughness and different real drilling fluid filter cakes;
(3) the device artificial well wall section can freely be dismantled, and in the washing process, according to the length of washing liquid contact time, through CT real-time scanning method survey filter cake thickness or ion concentration detection confirm the washing efficiency.
In conclusion, the invention can simulate the washing process of the washing liquid on the real drilling fluid filter cake on the permeable artificial well wall under the conditions of different well deviation, different casing centering degrees, irregular well bores and the like, thereby better reflecting the actual washing condition of the drilling fluid filter cake in the well cementation and cementing process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for evaluating the flushing efficiency of a filter cake of a well cementing and cementing drilling fluid.
In the figure: 1. a flushing fluid storage tank; 2. a one-way valve; 3. a flow meter; 4. a liquid outlet; 5. a flange plate; 6. a permeable artificial borehole wall; 7. an outer tube; 8. an inner tube diverter; 9. a flow meter; 10. a one-way valve; 11. a variable frequency pump; 12. supporting a derrick; 13. rotating the guide head; 14. fixing a bracket; 15. an inner tube; 16. an atmospheric valve; 17. and (4) a liquid inlet.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings so as to facilitate understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited in scope to the specific embodiments, but is intended to cover various modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined by the appended claims, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.
A device for evaluating the flushing efficiency of a filter cake of well cementing drilling fluid consists of a supporting derrick 12, a flange plate 5, a permeable artificial well wall 6, an outer pipe 7, a fixed support 14, an inner pipe 15, a variable frequency pump 11 and a flushing fluid storage tank 1, wherein the device is supported by the supporting derrick 12, the upper-section outer pipe, the permeable artificial well wall 6 and the lower-section outer pipe are sequentially connected from top to bottom through the flange plate 5 to form a simulated well hole, the upper-section outer pipe is provided with a liquid outlet 4, the lower-section outer pipe is provided with a liquid inlet 17 and an emptying valve 16, the inner pipe 15 is fixed in the simulated well hole through the fixed support 14; the upper end of the annular space is sealed by a flange plate, the upper end of the annular space is connected with a flushing liquid storage tank 1 through a liquid outlet 4, a flowmeter 3 and a one-way valve 2, and the lower end of the annular space is connected with the flushing liquid storage tank 1 through a liquid inlet 17, a flowmeter 9, a one-way valve 10 and a variable frequency pump 11 to form a flushing liquid circulation passage.
The bottom end of the inner pipe 15 is provided with a flow divider 8 which is a closed semicircular ball head and can divide and guide fluid entering from the liquid inlet so as to ensure that the fluid enters the whole simulated annulus; the top end of the device is not closed, and a test instrument can be arranged in the device as required.
The inner surface of the permeable artificial borehole wall 6 conforms in shape and size to the outer pipe, ensuring smooth flow of flushing fluid in the annulus. The shapes and the sizes of the outer pipe and the inner surface of the permeable artificial well wall are adjusted by replacing the two sections of the outer pipe and the permeable artificial well wall matched with the shapes and the sizes of the outer pipe and the permeable artificial well wall, so that a regular or irregular well hole is simulated.
The supporting derrick 12 is provided with a rotary guide head 13, and the inclination angle of a shaft is adjusted by adjusting the rotary guide head, so that the process of flushing a drilling fluid filter cake on the wall of a well in a vertical well, a directional well or a horizontal well by using a flushing fluid is simulated.
The eccentric condition of the sleeve in the well hole is simulated by adjusting the fixed support 14 of the inner pipe.
The method utilizes a tracer ion concentration detection method, a direct demolition measurement method or a CT imaging test method to measure the residual degree of the drilling fluid filter cake on the well wall after a certain time of flushing, and calculates the flushing efficiency of flushing the drilling fluid filter cake by flushing fluid according to the residual degree.
The tracer ion concentration detection method is characterized in that the drilling fluid contains KCL, a drilling fluid filter cake is pressed on a permeable artificial well wall, the filter cake enters a flushing fluid after being flushed and damaged, and K in the flushing fluid+Increasing ion concentration, detecting K in the rinse solution+The ion concentration can calculate the amount of the drilling fluid filter cake which enters the flushing fluid after being flushed and damaged, so that the flushing efficiency after flushing for a certain time is obtained.
The direct demolition measurement method is to demolish the artificial well wall and measure the residual thickness of the filter cake of the drilling fluid after a certain time of washing, and calculate the washing efficiency at a corresponding time according to the residual thickness.
The CT imaging test method measures the thickness of the residual drilling fluid filter cake of the artificial well wall in real time through CT scanning, and calculates the flushing efficiency at the corresponding time according to the thickness.
The method for evaluating the flushing efficiency of the filter cake of the well cementation cement injection drilling fluid comprises the following steps: firstly, a permeable artificial well wall 6 is fixed on an outer pipe through a flange plate 5 and a fixed support 14, flushing liquid is prepared in a liquid storage tank 1, a proper inclination angle is determined by adjusting a rotary guide head 13, a variable frequency pump 11 is started to extract the flushing liquid, then a flow meter 9 and a one-way valve 10 are opened, the flushing liquid circulates in an annular space through a liquid inlet 17, a liquid outlet 4, a flow meter 3 and a one-way valve 2 are opened, and the flushing liquid flows into the liquid storage tank 1 to circulate.
After one or more times of circulation, the variable frequency pump 11 is closed, the emptying valve 16 is opened, the flushing fluid is emptied, the flushing efficiency of the flushing fluid is measured by using an ion concentration detection method, and important guiding significance is provided for field well cementation operation under the replacement condition of an irregular well section and the cleaning condition of filter cakes on the irregular well section.
Claims (5)
1. A filter cake flushing efficiency evaluation device for well cementation cement injection drilling fluid is composed of a supporting derrick (12), a flange plate (5), a permeable artificial well wall (6), an outer pipe (7), a fixed support (14), an inner pipe (15), a variable frequency pump (11) and a flushing fluid storage tank (1), wherein the device is supported by the supporting derrick (12), the outer pipe comprises an upper section outer pipe and a lower section outer pipe, and the device is characterized in that the upper section outer pipe, the permeable artificial well wall (6) and the lower section outer pipe are sequentially connected with the upper section outer pipe, the permeable artificial well wall (6) and the lower section outer pipe from top to bottom through the flange plate (5) to form a simulation well hole, the upper section outer pipe is provided with a liquid outlet (4), the lower section outer pipe is provided with a liquid inlet (17) and an air release valve (16); the inner surface of the permeable artificial well wall (6) is consistent with the outer pipe in shape and size, and the shapes and sizes of the outer pipe and the inner surface of the permeable artificial well wall are adjusted by replacing the two sections of the outer pipe and the permeable artificial well wall, so that a regular or irregular well hole is simulated; the upper end of the annular space is sealed by a flange plate, the upper end of the annular space is connected with a flushing fluid storage tank (1) through a fluid outlet (4), and the lower end of the annular space is connected with the flushing fluid storage tank (1) through a fluid inlet (17) and a variable frequency pump (11) to form a flushing fluid circulating passage; the supporting derrick (12) is provided with a rotary guide head (13).
2. The well cementation cement drilling fluid filter cake flushing efficiency evaluation device according to claim 1, wherein a flow divider (8) is arranged at the bottom end of the inner pipe (15) and is a closed semicircular ball head for dividing and guiding fluid entering from a liquid inlet; the top end of the inner tube is not closed, and a test instrument can be arranged in the inner tube according to the requirement.
3. The well cementation cement drilling fluid filter cake washing efficiency evaluation device of claim 1, wherein the inclination angle of the shaft is adjusted by adjusting the rotary guide head to simulate the process of washing the drilling fluid filter cake on the wall of the well in a straight well or a directional well by a washing liquid.
4. The well cementation cement drilling fluid filter cake flushing efficiency evaluation device of claim 1, characterized in that by adjusting the fixed support (14) of the inner pipe, the eccentric condition of the casing in the well bore is simulated.
5. A method for evaluating the efficiency of flushing a filter cake of a well cementing drilling fluid using the device of claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, comprising the following steps in sequence:
1) selecting a corresponding permeability artificial well wall according to the permeability condition of the stratum;
2) pressing a drilling fluid filter cake on a permeable artificial well wall according to the downhole temperature of the drilling fluid and the pressure difference to the stratum;
3) connecting the upper outer pipe section, the permeable artificial well wall with the drilling fluid filter cake and the lower outer pipe section in sequence by using a flange plate to form a simulated well hole;
4) fixing the inner pipe in the simulated borehole by using a fixed support and a flange plate to form an annular space;
5) adjusting the inclination angle of the shaft by rotating the guide head;
6) placing the prepared flushing fluid into a flushing fluid storage tank, opening a variable frequency pump for circulation, adjusting the flow through the variable frequency pump, and performing a drilling fluid filter cake flushing experiment after the flow reaches a design value;
7) the flushing efficiency is calculated by a tracer ion concentration detection method, or the flushing efficiency is calculated by scanning the thickness of a filter cake of the drilling fluid in real time by a CT imaging test method, or the flushing efficiency is calculated by detaching the outer pipe and directly measuring the thickness of the filter cake of the residual drilling fluid.
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| CN111577172B (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2022-11-04 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Well cementation flushing fluid flushing efficiency evaluation device and method |
| CN112832742B (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2022-04-22 | 西南石油大学 | Well cementation displacement interface simulation experiment device and using method thereof |
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| CN109403918A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-03-01 | 西华师范大学 | A kind of horizontal cementing replacement simulation experiment system |
| CN110107235A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-08-09 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of compacting of drilling fluid filter cake and cleaning efficiency integration evaluating apparatus and method |
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