CN1102851C - Plasma-like solution - Google Patents
Plasma-like solution Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1102851C CN1102851C CN94192801A CN94192801A CN1102851C CN 1102851 C CN1102851 C CN 1102851C CN 94192801 A CN94192801 A CN 94192801A CN 94192801 A CN94192801 A CN 94192801A CN 1102851 C CN1102851 C CN 1102851C
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- solution
- blood
- animal
- temperature
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- SGTNSNPWRIOYBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1CCN(C)CCCC(C#N)(C(C)C)C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 SGTNSNPWRIOYBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXFQFBNBSPQBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-2-methylpropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(N)(C)CO UXFQFBNBSPQBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 1
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- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical class [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000282465 Canis Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010008120 Cerebral ischaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-M D-gluconate Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWXMKDGYPWMGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N HEPPS Chemical compound OCCN1CCN(CCCS(O)(=O)=O)CC1 OWXMKDGYPWMGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010059484 Haemodilution Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000370279 Idiosoma Species 0.000 description 1
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N L-tryptophane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007993 MOPS buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000699673 Mesocricetus auratus Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010030113 Oedema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282520 Papio Species 0.000 description 1
- QGMRQYFBGABWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Pentobarbital sodium Chemical compound [Na+].CCCC(C)C1(CC)C(=O)NC(=O)[N-]C1=O QGMRQYFBGABWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tryptophan Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CC(N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NOSIYYJFMPDDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N acepromazine Chemical compound C1=C(C(C)=O)C=C2N(CCCN(C)C)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 NOSIYYJFMPDDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005054 acepromazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 229940069428 antacid Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 206010003119 arrhythmia Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008081 blood perfusion Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZEWYCNBZMPELPF-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium;potassium;sodium;2-hydroxypropanoic acid;sodium;tetrachloride Chemical compound [Na].[Na+].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[K+].[Ca+2].CC(O)C(O)=O ZEWYCNBZMPELPF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000000748 cardiovascular system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000010261 cell growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002512 chemotherapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002016 colloidosmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003957 dexamethasone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UREBDLICKHMUKA-CXSFZGCWSA-N dexamethasone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)CO)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O UREBDLICKHMUKA-CXSFZGCWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical group OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XEYBHCRIKKKOSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;azanylidyneoxidanium;iron(2+);pentacyanide Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Fe+2].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].[O+]#N XEYBHCRIKKKOSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002224 dissection Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000012489 doughnuts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002526 effect on cardiovascular system Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CCS(O)(=O)=O CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003883 furosemide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002682 general surgery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002791 glucosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 description 1
- RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-N glutathione Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)NCC(O)=O RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000023597 hemostasis Effects 0.000 description 1
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N histidine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005246 left atrium Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008155 medical solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003340 mental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001459 mortal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003379 pancuronium bromide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002275 pentobarbital sodium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001766 physiological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003058 plasma substitute Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003109 potassium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FKKAEMQFOIDZNY-CODXZCKSSA-M prednisolone sodium succinate Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)COC(=O)CCC([O-])=O)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 FKKAEMQFOIDZNY-CODXZCKSSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960002176 prednisolone sodium succinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003761 preservation solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229960004919 procaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004088 pulmonary circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000306 recurrent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001020 rhythmical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005241 right ventricle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003307 slaughter Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004249 sodium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229960001790 sodium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011083 sodium citrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000176 sodium gluconate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012207 sodium gluconate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940005574 sodium gluconate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940083618 sodium nitroprusside Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940054269 sodium pyruvate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZDQYSKICYIVCPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium succinate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O ZDQYSKICYIVCPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940030188 solu-delta-cortef Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003319 supportive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001550 testis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000005144 thermotropism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000451 tissue damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000827 tissue damage Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000472 traumatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
- A01N1/02—Preservation of living parts
- A01N1/0205—Chemical aspects
- A01N1/021—Preservation or perfusion media, liquids, solids or gases used in the preservation of cells, tissue, organs or bodily fluids
- A01N1/0221—Freeze-process protecting agents, i.e. substances protecting cells from effects of the physical process, e.g. cryoprotectants, osmolarity regulators like oncotic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
- A01N1/02—Preservation of living parts
- A01N1/0278—Physical preservation processes
- A01N1/0284—Temperature processes, i.e. using a designated change in temperature over time
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/06—Aluminium, calcium or magnesium; Compounds thereof, e.g. clay
- A61K33/10—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/14—Alkali metal chlorides; Alkaline earth metal chlorides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
- A61K9/0026—Blood substitute; Oxygen transporting formulations; Plasma extender
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
- A61P7/08—Plasma substitutes; Perfusion solutions; Dialytics or haemodialytics; Drugs for electrolytic or acid-base disorders, e.g. hypovolemic shock
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Aqueous solutions comprising a polysaccharide oncotic agent, a physiologically compatible buffer, a simple hexose sugar, dissolved chloride salts of calcium, sodium and magnesium, and a dissolved organic salt of sodium are disclosed. The solutions are effective substitutes for blood and may be used to preserve the biological integrity of the organs of a mammalian donor organism as shown by superior anatomical integrity of cryopreserved organs and tissues of subjects perfused with the solution. The solutions may be used for maintaining a partially or substantially completely exsanguinated subject at normal temperatures and at temperatures substantially below those normally maintained by a mammal and may be used in conjunction with hypobaric environments to maintain such partially or completed exsanguinated subjects alive without infusing blood back into the subject.
Description
Invention field
Relate generally to art of aqueous solutions of the present invention for example, is used for pouring into the plasma-like solution that needs dabbling experimental subject alive and can serve as effective succedaneum of blood plasma.The present invention also relates to preserve mammal donor biologic-organ biology integrity method (as excellent biology of the cryopreservation experimental subject organ that poured into solution of the present invention and tissue shown in the integrity), also relate to make the part blood-letting or basically fully the experimental subject of blood-letting remain on the method for temperature more much lower than the temperature of the common maintenance of mammal.
Background of invention
The known organ store method that two kinds of clinical practices are arranged: about 5 minutes of (1) perfusion earlier, perfusion is continued with the solution that contains albumin or blood plasma in subsequent cold storage (2 ℃) and (2).
Be used for pouring into earlier the solution majority of subsequent cold storage based on people such as Collins (1969) (Lancet
2: 1219) and people (1973) (Lancet such as Sacks
1: solution 1024).People such as Ross (1976, Transplantation
21, 498) compared with various solution and washed and preserved Testis et Pentis Canis preservation afterwards in 72 hours.Discovery has only and oozes citrate (HC) solution with height and (partly comprise 80mM K
+, the 55mM oxalate, 400mOsmol/kg, pH7.1) kidney of Bao Cuning could be survived after 72 hours.Collins and Sacks solution partly contain 115-126mM K
+, 290-430mOsmol/kg, pH7.0-7.3.People such as Wall (1977) (Transplantation
23: 210) reported with a kind of solution cryopreservation human liver of partly containing 250mg dextrose and 15mEq potassium phosphate and reached about 4 hours.Bishop﹠amp; Ross (1978) (Transplantation
25: report that 235) renal function is preserved preferably in people's such as Ross (1976) (the same) HC solution, can get in the solution at other and then can not.People such as Fischer (1985) (Transplantation
39: 122) find that a kind of new preservation solution that is used for HI's storage (partly contains 110mM Na
+, 115mM K
+, 400mOsmol/kg, solvent D
2O, 110mMHEPES) when clinical use, be better than other solution, comprise Collins, Sacks and HC solution.
Be used for aspect the dabbling solution of continuous organ people such as Belzer (1985) (Transplantation
39: 118) reported and a kind ofly (partly comprised 80mM gluconic acid sodium salt, 22mEq/l K when the solution newly developed that can preserve renal function to renal perfusion 48 hours and when preserving 24 hours
+, 128mEq/l Na
+, 4.9mM adenosine, 10mM HEPES, 3.0mM glutathion, 3.75% albumin, pH7.45).People such as Kallerhoff (1985) (Transplantation
39: 485) investigated temperature to influence (Euro-Collins:1u mM Na with the organ pH of two kinds of different solutions continous pourings
+, 115mM K
+, 198mM glucose, 406mOsmol/l, pH7.2,20 ℃; HTK:15mM Na
+, 10mM K
+, 2.0mM tryptophan, 180mM histidine, 30mM mannitol, 310mOsmol/l, pH7.3,8 ℃).Heated culture temperature between 5 ℃～35 ℃, HTK solution is compared with Euro-Collins solution, always makes pH remain on higher numerical value.
Klebanoff﹠amp; Phillips (1969) (Cryobiology
6: 121) described with of the low temperature depletion of blood perfusion of buffered Ringer ' s lactate 7.1～16 ℃ of dabbling Canis familiaris L.s.People such as Segall (U.S. Patent No. 4,923,442) describe a kind of blood plasma substitute that can make experimental subject and organ thereof remain on 20 ℃ of following temperature, had four kinds of different solutions-a kind of basic solution, a kind of cardioplegia to bring out solution, a kind of cardioplegia maintenance solution and a kind of recovery solution.Basic solution contains the electrolyte of physiological concentration, and macromole swelling agent is at physiological pH biological buffer effectively commonly used, the K of sugar and 4～5mEq
+Cardioplegia is brought out the K of solution
+Concentration is 25～45mEq; Cardioplegia keeps the K of solution
+Concentration is 15～45mEq; Recover the K of solution
+Concentration is 6～10mEq.People such as Segall (U.S. Patent No. 5,130,230) have further described this four solution system, wherein recover solution and contain 0～10mEq K
+
Brief summary of the invention
The present invention relates to a kind ofly be suitable for making the part blood-letting or the experimental subject of blood-letting is in room temperature or the temperature more much lower than the temperature of the common maintenance of mammal, generally be lower than 37～38 ℃ and be higher than the using method of the single solution of-2 ℃ of keep-alives fully basically, this solution comprises the K of inferior physiological level and/or physiological level
+And Mg
++Physiology Na
+, Ca
++, Cl
-Macromole swelling agent (oncotic agent); Organic carboxyl acid or its salt; And sugar.
Solution of the present invention can use as plasma extender in normal body temperature.Solution of the present invention also can be used to make perfusion experimental subject and/or its organ during being exposed to remarkable cryogenic conditions and keep afterwards life or biology integrity.Solution of the present invention also can be used for euthermic experimental subject is increased to up to 100%O at oxygen concentration
2Pressure environment in keep being enough to making the blood constituent of this experimental subject fully to recover time.
Can be used to pour into the mammal experimental subject and make it to be cooled to the temperature more much lower according to solution of the present invention than the normal temperature of this experimental subject.This solution can be used for making this experimental subject significantly keeping the long time under the low temperature, surpasses 1 hour usually, and after this this experimental subject can recover former state and not have significantly lasting ill effect.
A key property of solution of the present invention is, do not need multiple solution just it can be applied to a kind of experimental subject effectively, and the blood that reaches the mammal experimental subject substitutes or the purpose of low temperature maintenance.Solution of the present invention can use in blood plasma increase-volume or alternate all stages of blood.
Another key property of solution of the present invention is the K that inferior physiological amount is all arranged in all dosing step
+This characteristic.This requirement has reduced potassemia, and to bring out mental and physical efforts vigorous and cause the risk of Primates and human body blood transfusion.
Another key property of solution of the present invention is not have biological buffer commonly used.Use not existing of biological buffer in the solution of the present invention always, invested the important medical advantage that makes the regular heating disinfection of this solution energy and the solution composition degraded can not take place.
Solution of the present invention requires to exist a kind of organic carboxyl acid, its salt or short-chain ester.This organic carboxyl acid, its salt or ester are solution of the present invention can keep biologically the dynamic buffering system of the pH scope that is suitable for when being used for mammal a kind of compositions.
Solution of the present invention requires to exist a kind of macromole swelling agent that is enough to keep physiological osmotic pressure.The macromole swelling agent of using in the solution of the present invention can be albumen or starch.
An advantage of solution of the present invention is, it can be used for alternate all stages of mammal experimental subject blood, from washing out at first until whole fully substituting of blood circulations all or basically of this experimental subject blood.
A characteristic of the present invention is that it can be used for keeping the depletion of blood mammal, also can be used to keep with the blood mammal between flush phase again.
The detailed description of better embodiment
Must be noted that here with appending claims in the singulative " a kind of ", " one " and " this " that use comprise plural object of reference, unless context has clear and definite special finger in addition.Therefore, for example, the lifting manipulation of " a kind of prescription " comprises the mixture of different formulations, and the lifting manipulation of " this processing method " comprises the appellation to known equivalent step of person skilled in the art and method, or the like.
Unless otherwise defined, otherwise equal identical with general technical staff of the technical field of the invention's common sense of the implication of all technology used herein and scientific terminology.Although similar or be equivalent to any method described here and material may be used to enforcement of the present invention or test, what describe now is method and material preferably.Here all publications of mentioning are all classified the list of references of this paper as, to illustrate and openly to quote the related specifying information of the document.
The Red blood corpuscle of Primates contains the potassium ion (K of high concentration
+).When the Primates blood storage (blood that obtains from blood bank in fact all is this situation), even the low-level dissolving of Red blood corpuscle generally also causes the high potassium concentration ion.This is because potassium ion is discharged into these pericellular blood plasma from dissolved Primates Red blood corpuscle inside.Therefore, blood will be potassemia when blood transfusion.If blood is defeated by the patient of enough blood circulations, because the high potassium concentration ion is diluted, the potassium level of raising can be spread.Yet, if Primates blood transfers United States Patent (USP) 4,924, type described in 442, containing the keeping in the solution of high potassium concentration, problem is just more serious.This potassium concentration that transfers in the blood will can not be diluted to level of security.As a result, cardianeuria may take place, and often takes place really.Potassemia is also relevant with the tissue damage that burn, accident, surgery, chemotherapy and other health wound cause.Prior art points out that organ hypothermia is preserved and required to exist the high potassium concentration ion just can keep tissue integrity.
The potassium that contains inferior physiological amount according to solution of the present invention.Therefore, this solution can dilute the potassium concentration of storing in the blood of transferring.As a result, potential arrhythmia and the cardianeuria that can more easily control the high potassium concentration ion and cause thus.The solution that contains inferior physiological amount potassium also can be used for the blood replacement and the low temperature maintenance of experimental subject.So-called " inferior physiological amount potassium " means 0～5mEq/l K
+(0～5mM), better be 2～3mEq/l K
+(2～3mM).
Solution of the present invention comprises a kind of material blends that can be used to pour into the dabbling experimental subject of needs in being placed on aqueous solution the time.Though these materials can be used as and a kind ofly provided to the dry mixture that wherein adds water before heat sterilization, this solution better provides with the form of aseptic aqueous solution.
Solution of the present invention can be used as all stages that a kind of single solution is used to take out and change experimental subject blood or cools off the step of experimental subject.Such stage comprises the hemodilution or the blood plasma increase-volume of normal body temperature, and hypothermic blood is changed and exchange, and remarkable hypothermic blood substitutes and experimental subject heats up." hypothermia " is defined as than low 4～5 ℃ of 37-38 ℃ of normal body temperature.In other words, the low temperature situation can be thought and starts from about 32-35 ℃ body temperature." significantly hypothermia " is defined as and is lower than freezing point (2 ℃) just to about 10 ℃ body temperature.Therefore, " hypothermia " used herein (hypothermic body temperature) or " low temperature " (hypothermia) this term comprise approximately-2～3 ℃ to about 32～35 ℃ body temperature.
Solution of the present invention does not comprise biological buffer commonly used.So-called " conventional buffers " means and a kind ofly makes pH remain on the chemical compound of a particular range in the solution that exsomatizes.So-called " biological buffer commonly used " means a kind of chemical compound that makes pH remain on scope biology of 7～8 in cell-free system.The example of biological buffer commonly used comprises N-2-hydroxyethyl piperazine-N '-2-hydroxy-propanesulfonic acid (HEPES), 3-(N-morpholino) propane sulfonic acid (MOPS), 2-([2-hydroxyl-1,1-two (methylol) ethyl] amino) ethyl sulfonic acid (TES), 3-[N-trihydroxymethylaminomethane base]-the 2-hydroxyethyl]-1-piperazine propane sulfonic acid (EPPS), three (methylol) aminomethane (THAM) and trihydroxymethylaminomethane methylmethane (TRIS).Biological buffer commonly used is independent of normal biological processes and plays a role, for example, conventional buffers in live body not by metabolism, and the strongest in cell-free system.
Solution of the present invention uses normal biotic component to keep living body biological pH, i.e. a notion that is called " dynamic buffering system ".This dynamic buffering system notion is based on present inventor's following discovery: in live body can by metabolism, in biological scope the chemical compound of no intrinsic buffer capacity, interact as lactate, with other solution composition and keep biologically suitable pH in animal body, even in hypothermia and basically also can be like this under the depletion of blood situation.Dynamic buffering system of the present invention partly depends on Oxygenation and carbon dioxide (CO
2) remove; And allow but additional bicarbonate (NaHCO not necessarily will be arranged
3).Dynamic buffering agent of the present invention does not have or does not have basically ability to serve as buffer agent beyond the biosystem, and promptly a kind of dynamic buffering agent can be in the living body biological scope but can not be kept pH in acellular environment.A kind of composition of dynamic buffering agent of the present invention comprises a kind of carboxylic acid, its salt or ester.So-called carboxylic acid, its salt or ester mean the chemical compound that its general structural formula is RCOOX, R is alkyl, alkenyl or aryl in the formula, side chain or straight chain, contain 1～30 carbon, on these carbon substituent group can be arranged, and better be one of the carbochain that constitutes the carbochain of lactate, acetate, citrate, pyruvate or other biological metabolite; X be hydrogen or sodium or other can on the oxygen position, connect biologically can compatible ion substituent, or contain the short straight or branched alkyl of 1～4 carbon, as-CH
3,-CH
2CH
3
As shown in table 1, a kind of initial pH of typical commonly used buffer solution (25mM TRIS) is about 7.7, keeps the pH more than 7.2 when adding 0.12ml 1.25M HCl solution nearly.Otherwise the pH of HLB solution (initial pH7.7) drops to below 7.2 when the about 0.01ml 1.25M HCl solution of interpolation.
When using solution of the present invention, add the aseptic NaHCO of pharmaceutical grade in the thermotropism sterile solution (HL solution) as the low temperature blood substitute
3This NaHCO that contains
3Solution be called HLB solution.HLB solution sees Table 1 in the buffer capacity for biological buffer commonly used in the cell-free system.Having under the condition of living body of Oxygenation, in the temperature of 1.6～36.1 ℃ of these scopes, HLB solution obviously can make pH remain on (table 2 and 3) more than 7.3.
When solution of the present invention when normal body temperature is used as plasma extender, need not to add NaHCO
3Just can make live body pH remain on scope biology.
Use not existing of biological buffer in the solution of the present invention always, invested and made this solution heat-killed important medical advantage regularly.In general, medical solution better is regularly to carry out heat sterilization before being used for the patient." regularly heat sterilization " used herein or " heat sterilization " this term mean and relate under pressure in 15 minutes the process that a kind of solution is heated to 120 ℃, that is: make heat and one section time enough of pressure condition maintenance, to kill all or all antibacterials and make all in the solution or all are virally inactivated basically basically.This step is normally carried out in autoclave, thereby is also referred to as " autoclaving ".Heat-killed purpose is to kill the infectious agent that may exist in the solution.The known temperature that tolerates up to 100 ℃ of infectious agent.Technical it is generally acknowledged under pressure, makes a kind of solution be heated to 120 ℃ and keeps just being enough to guarantee aseptic in about 15 minutes.
All grafts or blood substitute solution that the present inventor knows all can not tolerate regular heat sterilization.Be known that the solution more than the pH7.0 is carried out a large amount of degradeds that heat sterilization can cause other solution composition.
Otherwise solution of the present invention is designed to be and can carries out heat sterilization, and the degraded of other solution composition such as sugar is insignificant.HL solution carries out heat sterilization before use.When NaHCO is added in hope
3During with formation HLB solution, NaHCO
3Be to add in the aseptic HL solution as a kind of commercial aseptic 1M solution that gets.In general, every liter of HL solution adds 5ml 1MNaHCO
3Solution forms 1L HLB solution.Yet, can add more NaHCO
3
HLB solution of the present invention or its buffering organic acid and salt also can be used for supporting in vitro tissue and the cell cultivated.The dynamic buffering system of this solution can make the tissue of cultivation and cell remain on suitable biological pH.We are verified, and adding lactate and bicarbonate in cultured cells is enough to support normal cell growth and form.
Solution of the present invention comprises a kind of organic carboxyl acid or its salt." organic carboxyl acid or its salt " this term comprises can be by metabolic any carboxylic acid of mammal or carboxylic acid derivates.The carboxylic acid and the carboxylate example that are suitable for solution of the present invention comprise lactate and sodium lactate, citrate and sodium citrate, gluconate and gluconic acid sodium salt, pyruvate and Sodium Pyruvate, succinate and sodium succinate, and acetate and sodium acetate.In the example that following explanation HLB solution uses, adopt sodium lactate.When carrying out the live body metabolism, lactate helps to keep the bicarbonate level, thereby plays a kind of effect that can keep the composition of living body biological pH in the solution dynamic buffering system of the present invention.
In order to further describe the present invention, will discuss as a kind of aqueous solution according to mixture of the present invention.From the following description of the present invention, be expected to make personnel that the mixture of dry mixture form can be provided with the general technical ability of this gate technique, and can carry out necessary adjustment to the quantity of sodium chloride and organic sodium salt, can be used as the sodium chloride quantity of finding in the normal-salt aqueous solution that the diluent according to dry mixture of the present invention uses to hold.
The quantity of organic sodium salt is calculated in such a way: consider the Na ion concentration that exists in the experimental subject blood, and to the sodium chloride concentration of any solution that wherein adds dry ingredients.The quantity of adding will make that obtaining Na ion concentration from this organic sodium salt is enough to make Na ion concentration this solution to reach the Na ion concentration of normal blood plasma on the physiology.Therefore, when the quantity of considering the sodium ion that obtains from organic sodium salt and sodium chloride or concentration, the Na ion concentration in this solution approximately is exactly the Na ion concentration of finding in the normal blood plasma on the physiology.
This solution also comprises certain density calcium, sodium and magnesium ion, and they are in described in the blood plasma within the ionic normal physiological concentration range.In general, the desirable concentration of these ions obtains from dissolved calcium, sodium, magnesium chloride salt, and under the situation of sodium, is to obtain from the also organic sodium salt of the dissolving solution.
Na ion concentration better is in the scope of 70mM～about 160mN, is more preferably in the scope of about 130～150mM.
Calcium ion concentration is more preferably in the scope of about 2.0mM～2.5mM in the scope of about 0.5mM～4.0mM.
Magnesium ion concentration is more preferably in the scope of about 0.2mM～0.45mM in the scope of 0～10mM.The high concentration magnesium ion importantly, in according to solution of the present invention, do not comprise excessive magnesium ion, because can produce harmful effect to the active intensity of heart contraction.In better embodiment of the present invention, this solution contains the Mg of inferior physiological amount
++
Chlorine ion concentration in the scope of 70mM～160mM, 110～125mM Cl more fortunately
-Scope in.
This solution also comprises a certain amount of simple hexose such as glucose, fructose and galactose, wherein is preferably glucose.In better embodiment of the present invention, use be hexose, and can use sugar mixture.In general, the concentration of sugar is in the scope of 2mM～10mM, and the concentration of glucose better is 5mM.Often it is desirable to improve the concentration of hexose, in the hope of reducing the body fluid hold-up in the experimental subject tissue.Therefore, the expanded range of hexose can be arrived up to about 50mM, to prevent or to limit the experimental subject generation edema that is subject to processing if necessary.
The swelling agent is by such molecular composition: its size is enough to prevent that them from entering between idiosoma organization the matter space and circulate and lose because of passing the capillary bed window.As one group, the example of swelling agent is a plasma extender.
The human serum albumin is a kind of plasma protein that is used for increasing the blood plasma volume.Also known have a polysaccharide, generally is characterized by the dextran polymer that can be used as plasma extender.In general, be preferably, polysaccharide is nonantigenic.
(McGaw is a kind of from almost completely formed, introduced the deutero-artificial colloid of waxy starches of hydroxyethyl ether group the glucose unit that α (1-4) connects by amylopectin Inc.) to Hetastarch.The colloidal nature of 6% (weight) Hetastarch solution approaches human serum albumin's colloidal nature.Other polysaccharide derivates also can be suitable as according to the swelling agent in the solution of the present invention, comprising methylol α (1-4) or (1-6) polymer.Cyclodextrin is the swelling agent that is suitable for.
Can use the D-glucose polymer.For example, glucosan, promptly α (1-6) key is connected to main D-glucose, and the swelling agent that can be used as in the solution of the present invention is used.Better be that molecular weight ranges is 30,000～50,000 dalton's (D) polysaccharide such as glucosan.Best is molecular weight is about 40, the Gentran 40 of 000D.
High molecular weight polysaccharide, for example molecular weight is about 70, and the macrodex of 000D is generally not too desirable, because they have increased the viscosity of colloid solution, thereby has damaged high flowing velocity.Yet for some purposes, why more desirable high-molecular-weight dextran solution is, just is that they can more effectively prevent to organize swelling, because they are lower from speed that capillary tube spills.Therefore, such high-molecular-weight dextran solution is particularly useful for treating cerebral ischaemia under hyperbaric oxygen tension force, also can be used for effectively controlling cerebral edema.Under these circumstances, may it is desirable to use the higher molecular weight polysaccharide, for example molecular weight ranges 50,000～70, the glucosan of 000D.
When in according to solution of the present invention, using Gentran 40, use about 8% (weight) Gentran 40, or about 80 grams (80g/l) of every premium on currency.Molar concentration scope according to blood substitute of the present invention is about 290～330mM, is preferably molar concentration and is about 300mM.Best is that final molar concentration is about 298mM.
This polysaccharide concentration (adding the chloride salt of sodium, calcium, magnesium, the organic ion of organic sodium salt and hexose discussed above) is enough to reach the colloid osmotic pressure that approaches normal human's serum, promptly about 28mmHg.
This solution can cooperate with oxygen or hyperbaric oxygen under normal body temperature, perhaps has or do not have hyperbaric oxygen, is used for perioperative experimental subject as a kind of circulation solution.This solution also can descend to such an extent that significantly be lower than the intra-operative of the normal temperature of experimental subject at the body temperature of experimental subject, is used for experimental subject as a kind of circulation solution.During the homoiothermic animal experimental subject is exposed to surgical operation and low temperature corpse organ supply process in cryogenic conditions the time, in general it is desirable to the blood of experimental subject is changed into cold circulation solution of the present invention, or with solution of the present invention circulation a period of time, be intended to perfusion and keep this experimental subject and organ constant in the intra-operative former state.
Solution of the present invention can be applied to through intravenous or through intra-arterial and is placed on oxygen concentration and increases to up to the euthermic experimental subject under the pressurization atmosphere of 100% oxygen, or be applied to a kind of like this experimental subject that is undergoing surgery, the body temperature of this object of intra-operative descends to such an extent that significantly be lower than the normal temperature of this object, and no matter whether uses hyperbaric oxygen.When solution of the present invention is applied to this experimental subject and by this experimental subject circulation time, various medicaments such as heart fiber crops agent both can also can add in the circulation solution of the present invention to the direct administration of the blood circulation of this experimental subject, to the directly administration of cardiac muscle of this experimental subject.Add these compositions and be in order to reach desirable physiological effect, for example to keep heart contraction activity clocklike, stop the cardiac fibers vibration, or suppress the contraction movement of cardiac muscle fully.
The agent of heart fiber crops is the material that myocardial contraction is stopped, and comprises anesthetis such as lignocaine, procaine and novocain, and monovalent cation such as potassium ion, and its concentration will be enough to reach myocardial contraction and suppress.The potassium concentration that is enough to reach this effect is generally to surpass 15mM.
Experimental subject (use keep the subnormal temperature of this experimental subject according to solution of the present invention or after the low temperature maintenance phase) recovery during, this experimental subject can pour into according to solution of the present invention again and this experimental subject remains or the mixture of the blood that obtains from the blood donor.Along with the body temperature rise of this experimental subject, pour into whole blood, reach acceptable hematocrit until this experimental subject, generally to surpass about 30% hematocrit.When reaching a kind of acceptable hematocrit, interrupt infusion, and use the general surgery step this experimental subject to be recovered after sewing up surgical wound.
In general, according to solution of the present invention, (when experimental subject is in normal body temperature) utilizes the intravenous line administration, then uses pumping circulation device such as centrifugal pump, roller-type pump, peristaltic pump or other known and can get pump administration for refrigerative experimental subject.This circulating device is to be connected with experimental subject by the intubate of inserting suitable vein and tremulous pulse with the surgery way.When this solution during, generally be by the arterial cannulation administration, and in the experimental subject body, take out and abandon or store by venous cannulation to cooling experimental subject administration.
This solution can be used for various surgeries embeddings and operation.It can be used for slim and frahile neurosurgery, in this case, clearly surgical field is most important, and it may be ideal reducing central nervous system activities, and can carry out this operation by the patient that core temperature and/or brain temperature are reduced greatly and realize.
This solution can be used to make (lost a large amount of blood, for example lost its blood 20%～98%) experimental subject keeps normal body temperature to the pressure environment up to 100% oxygen more than oxygen concentration is brought up to the aerial oxygen dividing potential drop.This experimental subject remains under the hyperoxia concentration, can synthesize enough blood constituents and support life under atmospheric pressure and oxygen concentration until this experimental subject.Can be used for making experimental subject after being subjected to traumatic mortal wound, to remain below the temperature of normal body temperature and lower accretion rate according to solution of the present invention, until carrying out suitable supportive or corrective surgical operation.In addition, this solution can be used for keeping having the patient of rare blood group or types of organization, until finding suitable coupling donor and can obtaining substituting blood unit or other organ.
What moderns were surprised is, has been found that to use the whole blood circulations basically that replace the mammal experimental subject according to solution of the present invention, and makes this experimental subject keep-alive and need not to transfuse blood again to this experimental subject.When the hematocrit of experimental subject drops to 10% when following, just think the whole blood circulations basically that substituted this mammal experimental subject.If provide O to this experimental subject
2, then hematocrit can be lower than 10%, and if at high pressure O
2In the storehouse, then hematocrit can be significantly less than 10%.Certainly be used for keeping hematocrit to surpass 10% experimental subject according to solution of the present invention.
Substitute whole operating procedure of blood circulations basically of mammal experimental subject, can allow the body temperature of mammal experimental subject remain on its basic normal temperature and carry out.In addition, can make this experimental subject cooling when carrying out this step, and make the body temperature of this mammal experimental subject drop to it below normal temperature.Cooling can be undertaken by with ice bath, ice-salt slurry or cooling blanket this experimental subject being lowered the temperature.This experimental subject can also cool off by making to lower the temperature according to solution of the present invention before giving this experimental subject blood transfusion.
In the step of whole blood circulations basically of changing the mammal experimental subject according to the present invention, be preferably and make the cooling of this experimental subject and in order to method transfusion down: this solution is imported in the blood circulation of this experimental subject with ductus arteriosus, and taken out intravital blood of this experimental subject and infusion liquid with venous duct.Taking out whole basically blood circulations of experimental subject by this way, is to determine by the hematocrit of measuring the venous duct discharge liquor.When whole basically blood circulations of this experimental subject all take out, just stop transfusion.
In addition, change experimental subject all the step of blood also can be by means of high pressure O basically
2Carry out.This experimental subject is placed in the high-pressure chamber of the oxygen of usefulness 20% an above concentration, the pressurization of more handy 100% oxygen.The pressure of high-pressure chamber in the most of the time of this step, remain on than atmospheric pressure high 0.5 pound/square inch to about 2 times of atmospheric pressure limits.In one embodiment, this step is placed on experimental subject in the high-pressure chamber carries out, and with 100% oxygen high-pressure chamber pressure is reached than high about 0.07～about 2 atmospheric pressure (0.5～30 pound/square inch [psi]) of normal pressure.If necessary, during wound suture, can make the pressure of high-pressure chamber be reduced to atmospheric pressure.Make this experimental subject remain on the high-pressure chamber pressure of hyperoxia concentration subsequently.This pressure is reduced to a lower pressure gradually, but still belongs to high pressure.Be preferably, make this pressure be lower than 10psi to about 5psi maintenance extremely some skies of a few hours.Subsequently, this pressure is reduced to below the 1psi gradually, better is reduced to about 0.5psi, and keeps reaching 1 day again or longer a period of time at this pressure.
This solution also can be used for keeping the physiology integrity of the organ donor object after brain death has just taken place.Can make this object cooling, take out the blood of this object, replace a kind of circulation solution that remains on below 37 ℃, or circulate simultaneously according to cold soln of the present invention.By this solution of such use, can keep the ischemia of organ alive.By making according to cold soln of the present invention through being in cryogenic donor object blood circulation circulation, and this object is placed or is not placed in the Hyperbaric oxygen chamber, can make organ alive keep the long time, thereby the organ number that makes a donor can be effective to potential transplant recipient reach maximum.
In another aspect of the present invention, have been found that especially propylene glycol and high concentration glucose strengthen this solution by using some adduct, perhaps might make donor organ especially the temperature of donor's heart be reduced to below the freezing point (0 ℃) of water, and to make it with a kind of useful state be a kind ofly can keep coordinate systaltic state and restore from freezing.In addition, by using according to solution of the present invention, that this class adduct is arranged, the temperature of intact mammal donor object is reduced to below the freezing point (0 ℃) of water, and makes it from freezing, to restore with a kind of systaltic state of coordination that can keep.Believe the biological integrity that also can make other tract keep height, promptly a kind of physiological status that can keep life.
The adduct that adds this solution comprises how pure low molecular weight aliphatic is.Better be glycol, for example ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and butanediol.In these glycol, good especially is propylene glycol.Other many alcohol that may be suitable as the adduct of organ and organ donor object cryopreservation below 0 ℃ are low molecular polies.Of the present invention this is preferably on the one hand, and the ultimate density scope that this adduct adds in this solution is about 0.2M～1M.Specifically, about propylene glycol, scope is 0.2M～0.6M preferably.The concentration of about 0.4M propylene glycol is best.Be preferably 1, the 2-propylene glycol is as the adduct of the solution that is used for the preservation of low temperature organ and donor according to the present invention, although can use 1, ammediol.
The concentration of glucose scope that can be used in the solution that organ and organ donor object preserve below 0 ℃ is about 0.6M～about 1.4M.Concentration is about 1M glucose preferably.
Another kind of adduct in the solution that can be used for organ and organ donor tissue low-temperature and preserve below 0 ℃ is trimethyloxamine (TMAO).The ultimate density scope that can add the TMAO in the solution of above firm description to is 0.2M～7M.The solution of this TMAO of containing causes improving the biological integrity of the tissue of this object in being infused into the donor object time, and its evidence is that the excellent dissection of these tissues is preserved.
Following example is intended to illustrate the present invention and use thereof, and the present inventor limits the present invention with them unintentionally.
Example
Proposing following example is for the personnel that the general technical ability of this gate technique is arranged to those provide about how carrying out synthetic complete open and description of the present invention, is not intended to limit the present inventor and is considered as its scope of invention.Ceasing to transmit make great efforts to guarantee the degree of accuracy of the numerical value that uses (as quantity, temperature etc.), but some experimental erroies and deviation be should give consideration.Unless refer else, otherwise part is by weight part, and molecular weight is a weight average molecular weight, and temperature is with degree centigrade representing that pressure is atmospheric pressure or approaches atmospheric pressure.
Example 1
Formulations prepared from solutions
Preparation 10L solution AIn an appropriate containers, add 80g/l (or 10L 800g) apyrogeneity Gentran 40 (Pharmachem or Pharmacia).Add deionized water, make volume reach 6～9 liters.By swaying this Gentran 40 is dissolved fully.Can add following ingredients by any order, make the dissolving fully before a kind of composition under adding of each composition.Can obtain following reagent from the chemical supplier shop; In this example, listed reagent obtains from Sigma company: NaCl (5.2g/l), CaCl
2(0.29g/l), MgCl
2(0.40g/l), glucose (0.9g/l), Tris (3.03g/l), and gluconic acid sodium salt (6.54g/l).
Secondly,, sway simultaneously and monitor, make this solution reach pH7.80 in room temperature with pH meter by dripping 0.25M HCl.Further add deionized water then, make this solution reach its desirable final volume (being 10L).
At last, by one 0.24 μ filter (Gelman, Whatman, or can use the Pall filter unit ideally), this solution pump is delivered in sterile chamber or the bag.This solution bottled and that add a cover is stored on ice, until use.
Then, this solution can after the lyophilizing, be prepared into sterile dry under proper condition being suitable for preparing in the container of aseptic IV solution.
Preparation Solution H LIn order to prepare 50L solution L (BioTime Hextend
TM-lactate), 3.0kg high molecular Hetastarch (HES) is added in the 25L water.Add enough NaCl, make final NaCl concentration reach 6.72g/l.Stir this solution, all dissolve until HES and NaCl.If necessary, this solution can be heated to 50 ℃.Make cumulative volume reach 45L, add following ingredients, and stir: CaCl until dissolving fully
22H
2O18.5g; MgCl
26H
2O4.5g; KCl11.0g; Glucose 45.0g; And 4.03ml60% (weight) sodium lactate solution.Make this solution reach the volume of 50L.Filter this solution, removing undissolved material, and put into can autoclaved container in, in an autoclave, in the temperature of 15 minutes internal heating to 120 ℃.
Solution H LBIn every liter of heat-killed HL solution, add 5ml 1M pharmaceutical grade NaHCO
3Sterile solution forms HLB solution (BioTime Hextend
TM-lactate-bicarbonate).
Solution LThe preparation of solution L to as described in the HL solution, but is not added Hetastarch (HES) as above.
Example 2
Hamster recovers after 1 hour in ice-cold change-blood
The female hamster of the 41g at 1 about 1 monthly age (
Mesocricetus Auratus) intramuscular injection 0.04ml Vetalar, i.e. the Patients Under Ketamine Anesthesia agent solution of a kind of 100mg/ml.This animal being embedded in the trash ice lowering the temperature, is 10 ℃ until its rectal temperature.This animal is taken out from trash ice, and veutro is placed on the special operating-table up, and its putting position will make can be at the surgery intra-operative by the specific part of a stereoscopic microscope observing to this animal.Its extremity are firmly fixing, be equipped with electrocardiogram lead-in wire and rectum telethermometer probe for this animal.
Do an otch in the right inguinal region, insert right femur vein earlier, insert right Femoral artery then with the special little sleeve pipe that is full of solution A.After the cannulate, give the solution of this animal injection 0.02ml heparin (1000U/ml) in solution A, add a cover then by venous cannula.
After right Femoral artery intubate, this telescopic joint to be installed in surgery table on the luer's syringe class end section of the aseptic plastic pipe that links to each other of piston.This piston is connected with another pipe box, and the latter is connected to wideer, thicker, a pipeline section of more being obedient to by the roller-type pump head again.The end of the pipeline section that this is wideer comprises one and is used for from the pipe of hopper draw liquid.This root is referred to herein as " suction pipe " luer's syringe end that is used for being equipped with from the pipe of hopper draw liquid No. 18 hypodermic needles (pick-up).This root " suction pipe " has covered with the fixed blood filter material of small rubber " O " type ring.Should " suction pipe " insert in the hopper of a solution A, this solution is included in the centrifuge tube that is embedded in the trash ice.In this solution (15ml), add 0.06ml 1M KCl, obtain the molar concentration of a kind of about 4mM KCl.This root pipeline piston closes is in case in the hemostasis liquid refluence precession arteries and veins sleeve pipe.
Heap is gone up trash ice around this hamster, is cooled to 4 ℃.In this piston, inject 0.2ml1M KCl then, open piston, make the solution of injection can flow to the pipeline that is connected with arterial cannula, and from the Femoral artery that flows to this animal here.The cardiac arrest of this hamster.Allow this animal further cool off, and by arterial cannula infusion 8ml solution A 4mM KCl.Collect the discharge liquor that contains the most of blood of this hamster from venous cannula.After hematocrit is reduced to below 5, roller-type pump was closed 67 minutes.
Then, the solution A of not having KCl for hamster infusion 8ml by arterial cannula, then infusion 8ml with the heart puncture method from other hamster blood taking-up, that added heparin.Collect the discharge liquor of equivalent from venous cannula.Surpass after 40% at hematocrit, stop the whole blood infusion, take out sleeve pipe.
This hamster is heated up with a desk lamp, until it stimulation is responded.Take off sleeve pipe, the blood vessel of ligation is opened, sew up the incision.Further make body temperature continue to go up.This animal recovers fully, and the several weeks of living are continued in the experiment back.
Example 3
Heart after the subzero storage is preserved
The female hamster intramuscular injection of the 40g of jejunitas (spending the night) 0.02ml Patients Under Ketamine Anesthesia agent (100mg/ml).This hamster is imbedded in the trash ice, until its body temperature be reduced to+14 ℃.Then, it is placed on the operating-table, loads onto electrocardiogram lead-in wire and rectal temperature probe.With surgical method carotid artery and jugular vein are come out, the body temperature of this animal is remained between 10～14 ℃, sleeve pipe is inserted in tremulous pulse and the vein.Arterial cannula is received on the pipe that is connected with a peristaltic pump.This section pipe is full of solution A, contains 20mM KCl in addition.Venous cannula seals, until making the body temperature of this animal reduce to 5 ℃ with trash ice and the temperature control operating-table that is set in-1.0 ℃.
This animal oneself ceases breathing when body temperature is reduced to below 10 ℃.Start 100%O
2Repiration.Remove venous cannula and seal in the time of 5 ℃, the rate of discharge that divides with about 0.3ml/ pumps into the 3.5ml solution A in tremulous pulse.Then, perfusion 4.5ml is by the following low-temperature protection solution of forming: solution A adds 4mM KCl, 1.0M glucose, 4% propylene glycol (being 1.8g glucose+0.4g propylene glycol/10ml solution).During the transfusion, collect the vein discharge liquor.Make the temperature of this animal be reduced to 0 ℃ gradually during the transfusion.Make to breathe after the transfusion beginning and interrupted 5 minutes.At this moment, taken out more than 30% of this experimental subject blood volume.Heart continues to beat, and finally stops until it.After the described low-temperature protection solution of infusion the preceding paragraph, this animal is placed in a kind of NaCl underflow shape (0.6M) solution below 0 ℃, place it in the fridge and spend the night.
This refrigerator temps remains on average-5 ℃.After this animal is put in the fridge 15 minutes, its rectal temperature dropped to-1.0 ℃ from 0 ℃.After 12 hours, the rectal temperature of this animal is-2.5 ℃.Then, in a Quasar commercial kitchen microwave oven, use 7 pulse per second (PPS)s and be set on the shelves that heat up, make this animal be warming up to about 2.5 ℃ temperature.Pulse generation 1 minute at interval.Need 18 subpulses that this animal is thawed.
Once more this animal is placed on the surgery table, loads onto electrocardiogram lead-in wire and rectum telethermometer probe.With the rate of discharge that about 0.2ml/ divides, infusion 3.5ml solution A in carotid artery.The body temperature of this animal is remained on below 5 ℃.Give this hamster infusion whole blood then, heat up gradually.
Temperature infusion 2ml blood and this animal rises to after 13 ℃, detects rhythmic ECG signal.Along with continuing infusion and intensification, signal amplitude increases, and its frequency also increases.Temperature infusion 5.5ml blood and this animal reaches after 25 ℃, opens the thoracic cavity of this animal, observes its heart and constantly beats.
Example 4
The synthetic solvent succedaneum of high-pressure chamber inner blood
A prior jejunitas 40g hamster intramuscular injection 0.03ml ketamine (100mg/ml) that spends the night.This hamster is placed in the trash ice, drops to below 15 ℃ until its body temperature.This hamster is taken out from trash ice, and veutro is placed on the temperature control operating-table up, is positioned under the stereoscopic microscope so that carry out microsurgery.Make the temperature of this hamster remain on 12～15 ℃.
Do an otch in the right inguinal region, right femur vein and tremulous pulse are come out.Plug sleeve pipe for the femur vein, inject 0.1ml heparin (1000U/ml), it is hemorrhage to prevent to overlap channel closure.
Plug sleeve pipe for then right Femoral artery, and this sleeve pipe is directly connected on the conduit that is full of solution A.This conduit passes the head of a peristaltic pump.A small amount of (about 0.3ml) this solution of perfusion is to keep this arterial cannula ischemia.Venous cannula and arterial cannula all are fixed on this animal with surgical sutures.
Arterial cannula is sealed, this animal is moved on on the operating-table in hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) storehouse.Temperature probe is injected in the rectum.
This arterial cannula is connected on the conduit, and this conduit passes a peristaltic pump and is connected in the hopper.This conduit and hopper are full of the solution A that contains 4mM KCl.
Remove sealing on the venous cannula, close Hyperbaric oxygen chamber, pressurization.Start this peristaltic pump, give this animal transfusion, replace its most of blood.Allow this blood in this animal body, discharge as the vein discharge liquor.Press in final storehouse is than the high 1.5atm of normal pressure, keeps constant.The infusion flow rate of this animal is about 0.3ml/ branch.Utilization makes this hamster be positioned at the interior temperature control operating-table of Hyperbaric oxygen chamber, and this hamster is remained between 14～16 ℃.
During infusing this remains cardiomotility and breathing in period.After the solution A that additionally contains 4mM KCl to this hamster infusion 15ml is replaced blood, Hyperbaric oxygen chamber is reduced pressure gradually.
Open Hyperbaric oxygen chamber then, gather the hematocrit sample.Hematocrit is 5%.Venous cannula and arterial cannula are sealed, close Hyperbaric oxygen chamber, and be pressurized to the above 1.5atm of normal pressure.
This animal in 4 hours, continues to breathe voluntarily in Hyperbaric oxygen chamber after taking out its blood.After at this moment, Hyperbaric oxygen chamber is reduced pressure gradually.Meanwhile, make this animal be cooled to 12 ℃.Open Hyperbaric oxygen chamber, this animal is moved on on another operating-table.Ice is placed on one's body this animal, gives this animal infusion whole blood with the rate of discharge that 0.2ml/ divides, and allow solution discharge as the vein discharge liquor.
After infusion 1ml blood, remove ice.The body temperature of this hamster is at 4 ℃.This animal is heated up gradually, by continuous blood transfusion hematocrit is risen simultaneously.
After returning in the body, 1ml blood starts the artificial respiration.The heart of this animal never stopped rhythmicity and beated.At 21 ℃, this animal stably breathes voluntarily.Stop the artificial respiration, continue to heat up and blood transfusion, reach 25 ℃ until the temperature of this animal.The hematocrit actual measurement is 40%.Stop blood transfusion, take off sleeve pipe, the ligation blood vessel is sewed up surgical incision.
Performed the operation back one hour, it is very active and alert and resourceful that this animal becomes.Tested back four hours, this animal begins diet.After above-mentioned operation is finished 24 hours, with regard to attitude and behavior, it seemed normal fully, and continues after experiment several weeks alive.
Example 5
The ice-cold blood of hamster substitutes
The 46g hamster intramuscular injection 0.02ml Vetalar (a kind of 100mg/ml ketamine solution) at about 1 monthly age.This animal surrounds with trash ice, is about 12 ℃ until its rectal temperature.Then, this animal is taken out from trash ice, veutro is placed on one up and aims on the operating-table that makes this animal keep cooling and design, and places under the stereoscopic microscope.Fix its extremity, load onto electrocardiogram lead-in wire and rectum telethermometer probe for this animal.
Do an otch in the right inguinal region, a sleeve pipe is inserted right femur vein, inject 0.02ml heparin solution (250U/ml) for this animal, should overlap channel closure then by this sleeve pipe.Then, insert sleeve pipe for right Femoral artery.This is telescopic joint to a plastics pipeline section that the luer's syringe tip arranged, and this conduit is connected to a hopper that holds the solution A that contains the 0.05M glucose by a creeping motion type roller pump.The end of this conduit is inserted a 18G hypodermic needle, fixes a kind of netted blood filtrate in the syringe needle centre with a rubber " O " type ring.Primer pump makes the fluid in the hopper deliver in the Femoral artery of this animal by catheter pump.When the temperature of this animal drops to below 9 ℃, begin with the ventilation of 100% oxygen (per minute is inhaled 20 times).Allowing this animal further be cooled to rectal temperature is 4 ℃, 0.1ml 0.2MKCl is injected inject femur venous 24G vessel catheter (angiocath).This injection makes asystole, and ECG signal disappears.Primer pump makes solution A divide with about 0.2ml/ and is infused in the tremulous pulse, collects the vein discharge liquor simultaneously.During infusing, the temperature of this animal drops to about 1 ℃.After giving this animal infusion 4ml solution, pump cuts out, this animal is embedded in the trash ice, make circulation stop 2 hours.Give the about 7ml whole blood of this animal infusion (gathering) then, with a desk lamp this animal is heated up gradually simultaneously from other hamster blood donors.Collect the vein discharge liquor during the blood transfusion.The collected volume of vein discharge liquor is identical with the volume that pumps into tremulous pulse.At 10 ℃, after this animal maintenance asystole 3 hours 11 minutes, first observed is to heartbeat when the monitoring ECG signal.Then, begin to give this animal ventilation (per minute is inhaled 6 times) with 100% oxygen.Along with further intensification of this animal and heartbeat become stronger, faster, make air exchanging rate be increased to about per minute and inhale 15 times.When the temperature of this animal reached more than 28 ℃, this animal began to breathe voluntarily and can make a response.Stop blood transfusion (the hematocrit reading is 44%), take off sleeve pipe, sew up surgical incision.This hamster has obviously lived a lot of weeks to normal health again after experiment.
Example 6
The recovery of ice-cold hamster heartbeat
The female hamster intramuscular injection of the 45g of jejunitas (spending the night) 0.03ml Patients Under Ketamine Anesthesia agent (100mg/ml).This hamster is imbedded in the trash ice, is reduced to about 14 ℃ until its body temperature.Then this animal is placed on the surgery table, loads onto electrocardiogram lead-in wire and rectal temperature probe.Utilize stereoscopic microscope, carotid artery and jugular vein are come out with surgical method.The body temperature of this animal is remained between 10～14 ℃.Sleeve pipe is inserted in carotid artery and the jugular vein.Arterial cannula is connected on the conduit, and this conduit is connected to a hopper that contains low-temperature protection solution by a peristaltic pump, and this solution is made up of the solution A that additionally contains 11mM KCl, 1.0M glucose and 4% propylene glycol.Seal when venous cannula is initial, utilize trash ice and near be set in-1.0 ℃ homoiothermic operating-table is reduced to 5 ℃ until the body temperature of this animal.
Along with insulation drops to below 10 ℃, this animal stops to breathe voluntarily.At this moment, inhale 15 times speed with 100% oxygen with about per minute and give this animal ventilation.When the temperature of this animal drops to 5 ℃, remove vein and seal, primer pump, making rate of discharge is about 0.20ml/ branch.The heart of this animal stops to beat after 21 minutes, and the transfusion beginning stopped ventilation in back 5 minutes.During the transfusion, blood is collected as the vein discharge liquor.Pour into about 4ml low-temperature protection solution A for this animal.Then, this animal is surrounded with the salt-ice slurry of temperature for-2.0 ℃.The container that holds this slurry and animal is put into one to be set in-5.0 ℃ the controlled-temperature bath.Early morning, the rectal temperature of (animal put in this cooling bath after 18 hours) this animal was reduced to-3.4 ℃ gradually.This container is taken out from cooling bath.Slurry is frozen into solid.Make it to melt with ice cold water.When removing " slurry ", this animal is given refrigerated sensation.Then this animal is put in the microwave oven for kitchen use.Microwave oven is set in intensification in 7 seconds to be blocked.In 20 minutes time, make this animal be exposed to about 20 7 second heating cycles.This thaws this animal, and makes its rectal temperature rise to about 2 ℃.
Once more this animal is placed on the operating-table infusion solution A in the carotid artery of this animal.This low-temperature protection solution is collected with vein ejection form.The rate of discharge that divides with 0.15ml/ is to the about 3ml solution A of this animal infusion.Then with the blood of identical rate of discharge infusion from the collection of hamster blood donors.After infusion 2ml blood in the tremulous pulse of this hamster, this hamster is slowly heated up with a desk lamp.Along with continuing blood transfusion and intensification, the temperature of this animal rises to more than 15 ℃, records strong rhythmicity ECG signal.During as the surgery thoracotomy, can observe actual heartbeat.
Example 7
In Hyperbaric oxygen chamber as the synthetic solvent of blood substitute
(jejunitas spending the night) the female hamster intramuscular injection of a 43g 0.02ml ketamine (100mg/ml).This hamster is placed in the trash ice, drops to about 14 ℃ until its body temperature.Then this hamster veutro is placed on the temperature control operating-table up, is positioned under the stereoscopic microscope, so that carry out microsurgery.The temperature of this hamster is remained between 12～15 ℃.After an otch is done in the right inguinal region, right femur vein and tremulous pulse are come out.Insert sleeve pipe for this femur vein, inject 0.1ml heparin (250U/ml), the tube ends sealing is hemorrhage to prevent.Then, insert sleeve pipe for right Femoral artery, telescopic joint to conduit this, this conduit is connected in the hopper that is full of solution A by a peristaltic pump.A small amount of (being 0.2ml) this solution of perfusion is to keep not having blood in the arterial line.Venous cannula and arterial cannula are fixed on one's body the animal.Arterial cannula is sealed, this animal is transferred on the homoiothermic platform of Hyperbaric oxygen chamber.The rectum observed temperature of this animal is remained between 13～18 ℃.The purpose that makes this hamster remain on this temperature range is the low activity that will keep this animal, guarantees that simultaneously this animal capable breathes voluntarily and can make reflex response to stimulation.
Arterial cannula is connected on the conduit, and this conduit is connected to one (in the Hyperbaric oxygen chamber the inside) in the Hyperbaric oxygen chamber outside by a peristaltic pump and contains in the hopper of solution A and 2.5mM KCl.Remove sealing of venous cannula, primer pump, making rate of discharge is about 0.2ml/ branch.Along with this solution is infused in this animal body, collect vein ejection (blood).Hyperbaric oxygen chamber is closed rapidly, and be forced into 20～24psi gradually (100% oxygen).Depress transfusion after about 1 hour adding, the chien shih Hyperbaric oxygen chamber reduces pressure gradually when about 1 hour.Stop transfusion.About altogether 13ml solution is infused in this animal body.After gathering vein ejection sample, to these cover channel closures for the mensuration hematocrit.Once more this animal is placed on the surgery table, extracts sleeve pipe, sew up wound.This animal demonstrates certain very small reflexive activity during this period, although this animal has a little blood and breathes room air.Rapidly this animal is put in the box in the Hyperbaric oxygen chamber, made Hyperbaric oxygen chamber be forced into about 20psi gradually.In the storehouse, place food and water for this hamster diet.With a heating lamp Hyperbaric oxygen chamber and animal are heated up.(with 1 hour time) makes the pressure in the storehouse be reduced to 5psi gradually.The activity of this animal increases in one hour, and it is very active after this just to become.This animal was kept in the storehouse of 5psi about 16 hours.Make pressure be reduced to 0.5psi (100% oxygen) gradually then, and kept 24 hours at this pressure.Then this animal is taken out from the storehouse, put in the normal cage.In a lot of weeks of experiment back, this animal continues to demonstrate normal fully.
Example 8
Use has the enhanced solution A of potassium chloride to replace the blood of primate
In this example, anubis baboon kind (
Papio Anubis) male baboon intramuscular injection 8kg childhood 60mg ketamine.With 22G * 1
The inch conduit inserts in the right lateral vein, intravenous injection 3ml 2.5% pentothal (pentothal).Give this animal assembling an endotracheal tube then, be placed on the surgery table, and feed Flether at 100% O
2In a kind of 0.7～2.5% mixture, be as the criterion with the activity that can observe this animal.Eyes are coated the lacrylube that is used to protect.
Rebreather is set in 18 breaths/min (bpm), and its stroke volume is 240ml, air-breathing/exhale than being 37%.Airway pressure remains on about 10mmHg, by investigate airway pressure trace, the volume of the each respiratory delivery of verification on a cathode ray tube (CRT) or strip chart monitor.With computer on-line monitoring airway pressure.
Shave hair for this animal, begin to carry out intravenous physiology lactate and instil.Rate of discharge is 1～3ml/ branch, is as the criterion with the speed that can observe this animal arteriotony.Carry out the oxytetracycline administration.
Extracorporeal circuit is made up of a blood oxygenator, blood storage tank and pump, and the place as close as possible this animal when making up this loop increases a secondary line heat exchanger.It further is equipped with an outside frozen water groove.This frozen water groove has a pump, so that give the interior assembling heat exchanger and the secondary heat exchanger supply circulation frozen water of this oxygenator.The pipeline that contacts with blood or blood substitute all is aseptic.2 liters of solution A of oxygenator liquid bath and loop fill.
KCl (4ml 2.0M) adds in the 2L solution A of oxygenator liquid bath and bypass circulation, and obtaining KCl concentration is 4mM.A 5F NIH conduit insertion left arm tremulous pulse that is used for monitoring arterial pressure.Connect a three-way valve (so that can be during the whole surgery step every 10-60 minute gather a tremulous pulse blood sample) on this conduit.Measure blood gas, pH, K in each sample
+And hematocrit, also to measure electrolyte and enzyme in some cases.This conduit is linked on the pressure transducer.This transducer is connected with a computer, with monitoring maincenter arterial pressure (CAP).Other temperature and pressure parameter is also carried out on-line determination with same computer.
A 6F NIH conduit is inserted in the left arm venous tip branch, make general-purpose computers monitor maincenter vein pressure (CVP).Carry out thoracotomy, a crown conduit of 6F is inserted left atrium, with the monitoring left atrial pressure.
A 10F arterial cannula is inserted in the fl tremulous pulse, and a 16F venous cannula is inserted in the fl vein.Intravenous is introduced methylprednisolone (80mg).Insert an esophageal catheter, administration 3ml Maalox.This esophageal catheter is loaded onto a critesistor probe, is used to write down dark esophageal temperature.
Because surgical procedure will allow baboon anaesthetize about 5 hours widely.After loading onto the electrocardiogram lead-in wire, this animal is put into a netted sling, crash in the insulation ice chest.Then it is imbedded in the trash ice.Cooling is after 1 hour 6 minutes in trash ice, and body temperature drops to 23 ℃.Speed with 6ml/hr begins Nitroprusside (solution of 25mg sodium nitroprusside in 500ml 5% dextrose aqueous solution) infusion.Temperature has dropped to 21 ℃ after 17 minutes, and implement bypass to this animal this moment.
Meanwhile, with vein ejection form, take out the 200ml whole blood from this baboon.Unclamp those blood circulation that make monkey and the isolated clip of bypass circulation, the solution A that makes 2L add 2ml2M KCl (ultimate density is 2mM KCl) can substitute the blood of this animal.After this, by the intravenous administration of 15ml 2M KCl, make its asystole.
Blood-blood substitute mixture is constantly discharged as the vein ejection, replaced circulation solution until 4L solution A (wherein having added 22ml 2M KCl).Low temperature blood substituted after 50 minutes, and the temperature of this primate has dropped to 3 ℃.Via flowing of this animal obviously is good, and trend of rising is insignificant with the Femoral artery transfusion for pulmonary wedge pressure.The reason of this augmented flow, and quickish temperature decline paces may be relevant with the use of Nitroprusside, and may quite save relevantly with anesthetis consumption between cooldown period, and this causes this animal still comparatively active by cooling the time.
After blood substitutes, this animal circulation was paused 1 hour 40 minutes.When the pause phase finishes, the ice-cold solution A of 2L is added in this loop, replace the 2L that discharges as the vein ejection.The minimum body temperature that records is 2.8 ℃.Begin then to heat up again.Heat up after 13 minutes, the body temperature of this animal reaches 10 ℃, in this loop, add 1: 3 mixture of 800ml blood-blood substitute, then add 1: 1 mixture of 450ml, add about 1L whole blood at last, with substitutional solution A.
After blood is introduced this animal, detect hematocrit immediately.In after this 1 hour 22 minutes, intravenous is introduced 40ml NaHCO
3Begin to carry out mechanically ventilated, and implement dopamine instillation (the 250ml solution of 200mg) with the speed of 30ml/hr.Also to intravenous injection CaCl
2(50mg).Body temperature rise is normal to approaching after about 1 hour, makes this moment this animal break away from bypass, and implements whole blood and instil.Blood gas and the blood pressure of this animal all are stabilized in normal range.
After one hour, take off sleeve pipe.Because this animal has been inserted into conduit after thoracotomy, thereby determine not do the trial that the long-term back of this animal surgery is managed, limit the active behavior problem of wild nature baboon because have in the potential thoracic cavity infection of treatment.When stopping to take a breath after after an hour again, this animal demonstrates the misery of being at death's door and struggles, and progresses into cardiac arrest.Because blood pressure of this monkey and blood gas are stable, thereby apparent, this animal has the existence potentiality at (dark esophageal temperature) below 10 ℃ blood after substituting 2 hours 30 minutes.
Example 9
Not having enhanced solution A is used for primate blood and substitutes
In this example, anubis baboon kind (
Papio Anubis) male baboon 8kg childhood lowered the temperature and substituted 1 hour 22 minutes at blood below 10 ℃.Before cooling and change-blood, a 4F 60cm Swan-Ganz arrow wedge shape conduit is inserted pulmonary artery by right femur vein.This makes and need not to do thoracotomy with regard to the energy measurement pulmonary wedge pressure.
Make this animal keep narcotism, use Nitroprusside when temperature drops to 28 ℃, this has improved flowing via bypass (shunting) loop.Although whole surgery step progress order, intravenous injection 50mg calcium chloride has caused big clot formation and experiment to stop after the introduction citric acid salinization blood between temperature raising period.Do not have heparin in the cardiovascular system this moment.
Step.Give baboon intramuscular injection 70mg ketamine.With 22G * 1
The inch conduit inserts a left side lateral vein, and to intravenous injection 3ml 2.5% pentothal.Load onto endotracheal tube for then this ape, move on to X-X-ray room X.It is placed on the X-ray platform, with different fluorane (Flether) at 100% O
2In 1% mixture ventilation, and a 4F 60cm arrow wedge shape conduit by in the right femur vein implanting pulmonary artery.
Rebreather is set in 20bpm, and its stroke volume is 200ml, air-breathing/exhale than being 37%.Airway pressure remains on about 10mmHg, by investigate airway pressure trace, the volume of the each respiratory delivery of verification on a cathode ray tube (CRT) or strip chart monitor.Airway pressure carries out on-line monitoring with computer.
Shave hair for this animal, begin to carry out intravenous 1～3ml/ and divide the physiology lactate to instil, drip velocity is as the criterion with the arteriotony that can observe this animal.
Extracorporeal circulating circuit is as above described in example.Oxygenator liquid bath and loop perfusion 2L solution A.
A 20G body fluid gravimeter conduit is inserted in the right femur vein, make and to carry out computerized maincenter vein pressure (CVP) monitoring.Three-way valve of assembling on the pipeline makes and can sample.Right brachiocephalic artery inserts a 20G body fluid gravimeter conduit, is used to monitor arterial pressure.Connect a three-way valve (make can be during the whole surgery step per 10～60 minutes gather a tremulous pulse blood sample) on this conduit.Measure blood gas, pH, K in each sample
+And hematocrit, also measure electrolyte and enzyme in some cases.This conduit is connected on the pressure transducer.This transducer is connected with a computer, with monitoring maincenter arterial pressure (CAP).Other temperature and pressure parameter is also used same computer on-line determination.
A 14F venous cannula is inserted the fl vein, and a 10F arterial cannula inserts the fl tremulous pulse.After implanting venous cannula, to intravenous injection 2.6ml heparin.Insert an esophageal catheter, administration 3ml Maalox.This esophageal catheter is equipped with a critesistor probe, is used to write down dark esophageal temperature.Intravenous is introduced methylprednisolone (80mg).Eyes are coated the lacrylube that is used to protect.When this animal reached slight anesthesia, intravenous injected the 1ml pentothal.
Installation electrocardiogram lead-in wire is put this animal into a netted sling, crashes in the insulation ice chest.Then it is imbedded in the trash ice.Cooling is after 29 minutes in trash ice, and body temperature drops to 28 ℃.Make this animal keep slight anesthesia, when body temperature drops to below 30 ℃, remove Flether.Beginning Nitroprusside (solution of sodium nitroprusside-25mg in 500ml 5% dextrose aqueous solution) infusion, initial velocity is 20ml/hr, brings up to 40ml/hr then.In subsequently 20 minutes,, disconnected when continuing when Nitroprusside instils along with the decline of blood pressure and body temperature.When after 27 minutes this animal being shunted and body temperature when having dropped to 23 ℃, finally stop infusion.At this moment, unclamp those blood circulation that make this ape and the isolated clip of bypass circulation, allow the 2L solution A can substitute the blood of this animal, whole blood and dilution blood are discharged as the vein ejection, deposit for recovery and use.After this, make its asystole with intravenous administration 10ml 2M KCl.
Blood-blood substitute mixture is constantly discharged as the vein ejection, has substituted circulation solution until the 4L solution A.After low temperature blood substituted 39 minutes, the temperature of this primate dropped to below 4 ℃.Via the mobile of this animal is fast.The systemic pulmonary circulation pressure of measuring shows that this circulation is good easily, and wedge is pressed catheter placement in order.
After blood below 10 ℃ substituted 50 minutes, the minimum body temperature that records was 2.9 ℃.Begin then to heat up again, heat up after 28 minutes, the body temperature of this animal reaches 10 ℃, adds the 750ml whole blood in this loop, with replace solution A.
8 minutes detection hematocrits after transfusing blood again to this animal.In 30 minutes subsequently, when this animal was heated up, intravenous was introduced 10ml NaHCO
3, also introduce CaCl at intravenous
2(50mg) and the 80mg methylprednisolone.Adding CaCl
2Several minutes in, big clot occurred and formed.Can think why luming with the blood of citrate anticoagulation is owing to add CaCl
2The result.Stop experiment then.
In this experiment, blood substitute obviously is high by the rate of discharge of this animal and bypass circulation, and left artery pressure still keeps acceptable low pressure.Can think the contributive factor of this result is to use Nitroprusside, and during temperature-fall period, keep slight narcotism.Before in blood is introduced this animal body again with to wherein adding 1～2ml heparin.Believe that adding heparin to this blood of introducing again will eliminate the sort of big clot formation that causes this experiment accident to stop.
Example 10
The ice-cold blood that carries out Canis familiaris L. with Solution H LB substitutes
Canis familiaris L. to a 25～30kg carries out the part cardiovascular shunt.Make the body temperature of Canis familiaris L. be reduced to (1～3 ℃) near the freezing point with the exterior and the interior cooling method.Change the blood of this Canis familiaris L. with the Solution H LB low temperature blood substitute described in the example 1.Keep blood, infusion during being used for body temperature and ging up.Make the body temperature of this animal be reduced near freezing point (below 4 ℃), heat up again then.Replace this blood substitute with blood and heat up simultaneously, make this animal recovery.
PrepareInsert conduit for this Canis familiaris L. by means of right radius vein, the intravenous injection pentothal is loaded onto endotracheal tube then, with different fluorane (or Flether) at 100%O
2In mixture ventilation.Instil with speed (about 40ml/hr, intravenous) the beginning physiology lactate that can observe this Canis familiaris L. arteriotony.This Canis familiaris L. is placed on one with on the refrigerative cooling blanket of repetitive cycling frozen water.Plug conduit to right carotid, make and to carry out blood pressure (CAP) monitoring, and on pipeline, add a three-way valve, make and can be during the whole surgery step gather a tremulous pulse blood sample in per 10～60 minutes.Insert a foley conduit that is used to collect urine, and in whole surgery step period detecting volume of urine.Implant a two-chamber 7F Swan Ganz wedge shape conduit by right jugular vein or right femur vein, make it to insert pulmonary artery by right ventricle.Utilize the far-end mouth of pipe to measure pulmonary wedge pressure (PAW), measure maincenter vein pressure (CVP) with the near-end mouth of pipe.(if necessary, an available conduit that inserts one of arm vein is measured CVP).Left femoral artery and vein are kept apart, prepare to insert sleeve pipe.Give this animal inject heparin (about 5,000U).A recoverable sleeve pipe of Biomedicus vein (15-19F) is inserted in the femoral vein, and a Biomedicus arterial cannula (12-15F) inserts in the femoral artery.Measured once activation (blood) grumeleuse time (ACT) (substituting) in per 45 minutes, regulate heparin, make it can keep more than 400 seconds until blood.One cover thermocouple attached near the esophageal catheter middle part, is inserted this device, make this conduit can enter stomach.The second cover thermocouple inserts rectum.Installation electrocardiogram lead-in wire.Add 80mg Solu-Delta-Cortef (Upjohn, the veterinary uses prednisolone sodium succinate) with the intravenous injection method.Eyes are coated oxytetracycline (or Lacrylube), and by esophageal catheter add DiGel (or Maalox, 20ml).
MeasureMeasure blood gas, pH and hematocrit in each blood sample, also measure electrolyte, enzyme and other chemical property in some cases.Monitoring esophagus and rectal temperature and tremulous pulse flow into and vein returns blood heat.Monitoring CAP, PAW, CVP, electrocardiogram and airway pressure.Temperature should show with numeral, and be stored in the computerized data collecting system as the function of time.Pressure and electrocardiogram should be shown as real-time waveform or numerical value formula data, and deposit in the computer.
The shunting circuit ingredientThis loop comprises a Biomedicus centrifugal blood pump and effusion meter, the Terumo doughnut membrane oxygenator that interior assembling heat exchanger is arranged, the Shiley duricrust vein hopper of filter is arranged and be placed on secondary heat exchanger (Electromedics) near as far as possible from this animal, that whole bubble trap is arranged.The discharging tube section is positioned near near the vein liquid bath inlet, and end connects a certificated valve.This makes and can carry out quick and high efficiency blood/blood substitute exchange.An artery-vein branch highway section is arranged, make and also can not circulate when not relying on bypass.
This vein liquid bath can inject liquid from the 1L separatory funnel by " fast opening and closing " mouth, also can inject liquid from two transfusion bag by one of cardiotomy otch.Arterial line from the oxygenator to the arterial cannula and arteriovenous (A-V) are divided route 1/4, and " pipe constitutes; Vein recurrent canal, discharging tube and pump head pipeline are by 3/8, and " pipe constitutes.At those serious crooked pipeline section may take place, use thick-walled pipe or with " coil wrapping " method pipe is fastened.
Patient circuit is a double wrapped, and whole loop (not having factory's disinfectant liquid bath, inferior very hot exchanger and oxygenator) divides six essential parts (pump head, effusion meter part, center shunting circuit, funnel, transfer line and gas filter tube line) to use eo sterilization.
Shunting circuit supportsUse adds frozen water cooling oxygenator and the secondary heat exchanger that one of storehouse insulation liquid bath pump comes from two 10.Another liquid bath supply cooling blanket.When surgical operation begins, allow frozen water circulate by cooling blanket.When the shunting beginning, allow room temperature water pass through loop heat exchanger circulation.
Slowly reduce by the temperature that makes on the rocks in liquid bath, amount on the rocks will be enough to keep between esophageal temperature and the blood flow temperature 7-10 ℃ the temperature difference.Substitute (promptly reaching hematocrit) afterwards at blood, begin full frozen water and flow less than about 4%.
When body temperature gos up, from liquid bath, remove ice, start heater.The manual adjustments of the temperature of intensification liquid stream by the heater thermostat, being restricted to height ratio vein, to return temperature high 10 ℃.
Oxygenator is supplied with aseptic, filtering 100%O
2
Blood substitutes2L solution L (example 1) is injected in this loop, and by the arteriovenous shunt repetitive cycling, to guarantee temperature-gas balance.Sleeve pipe is connected on the arterial line and intravenous line of shunting circuit, will clamps by these pipelines.Cooling blanket being rolled on one's body the patient, it is carried out surface cooling, is 35 ℃ until reaching dark esophageal temperature.
Remove clip, begin to shunt with the solution L dilute blood stream of room temperature (about 25 ℃).During the cooling beginning, stop gas anesthesia, and use 2.5% pentothal for this Canis familiaris L..
Blood flow is cooled off gradually, is 20 ℃ until the esophageal temperature of this animal, clamps the vein return line of liquid bath porch this moment and from the discharge opeing of discharge opeing pipeline section, primer solution L discharges blood simultaneously.Between this commutation period, in the vein liquid bath, add 2L solution L again, when the level of solution L dropped to 250ml, the about 6L HLB of portion-wise addition all discharged (hematocrit (HCT) is lower than 2%, detects by an unaided eye) until blood.Approximately 4L blood/blood substitute mixture is collected in the aseptic bottle, keeps to prepare against infusion again.Very rare blood mixture fluid (about 51/2L) is abandoned.
After exchanging 4L, (promptly add after 2L solution L and the 2L Solution H LB), inject 20 milliequivalents (meq) KCl, make asystole by the valve on the inferior very hot exchanger.Between this commutation period, regulate inbound traffics, make PAW remain on below the 5mmHg, discharge rate equals rate of influx, speed change-blood (isovolemia) such as promptly approaches as far as possible.When exchange finishes, final liquid bath level will be about 500ml, and PAW is lower than 5mmHg, and CVP is lower than 5mmHg.Regulate flow, make speed exchange blood transfusion (constant liquid bath level and above-mentioned stress level, i.e. PAW＜5mmHg, CVP＜5mmHg) such as can keep.
When blood is almost all discharged (HCT is lower than 4%, detects by an unaided eye), can make liquid coolant stream be reduced to frozen water temperature (on the rocks) to liquid bath, make this Canis familiaris L. be cooled to its minimum temperature rapidly.Rise if any moment during cold infusion is observed HCT, can blood mixture fluid be discharged by with the above method and 2～4L Solution H LB exchange.
During the whole surgery step, gather tremulous pulse blood sample and monitoring of blood gas, pH, HCT, also monitor electrolyte and other hematochemistry character in some cases.
After about 1～2 hour, the temperature of this Canis familiaris L. will be about 1～4 ℃ in the change-blood cooling, and beginning heats up again.By removing the ice in the feed tank and its content being heated up and then blanket is heated up, the body temperature of this Canis familiaris L. is gone up with heater.When esophageal temperature reaches 15 ℃, there are the solution L of 25g mannitol and Solution H LB to exchange with 4L, collected with 4L subsequently blood mixture fluid exchange.Ejection will be abandoned.
This animal will slowly be heated up, and the blood flow temperature difference is less than 10 ℃, and never above 40 ℃.The spontaneous beginning pace-making of heart.When the temperature (esophageal temperature and rectal temperature) of this animal reached about 35 ℃, it is stable that Ecological Parameter reaches, and its energy oneself support, can remove extracorporeal circulating circuit.
Example 11
Make the alternate Canis familiaris L. recovery of ice-cold blood
A 26.8kg male dog is anaesthetized with pentobarbital sodium, inserts trunnion.It is moved to operating room, ventilation, and insert venous duct, Foley conduit, ductus arteriosus and Swan-Ganz conduit, after intravenous injects heparin, on its right femoral artery and vein, insert sleeve pipe.Insert esophageal catheter, and inject antacid.Settle temperature sensor at esophagus and internal rectum.The intravenous injection methylprednisolone.
This animal is rolled in the cooling blanket, begins to carry out the body surface cooling.Telescopic joint to a shunting circuit this animal, this loop comprises an eddy current blood pump, the oxygenator that interior assembling heat exchanger is arranged, a secondary line heat exchanger and the funnel that can supply with blood and blood substitute fast.Take out whole blood (225ml) from this Canis familiaris L., preserve in order to heating up again.Blood volume is replaced by HLB solution rapidly.The shunting circuit that contains 1.05L HLB solution is opened to this animal, begun to carry out the body internal cooling.
Exchanged the 33L blood substitute.When approaching freezing point, hematocrit is far below 1%.The dark esophageal temperature of this animal reached below 10 ℃ in 4 hours 5 minutes, and the minimum temperature that records is 0.7 ℃ (table 2).
After hypothermic phase, this animal is heated up.When more than the body temperature rise to 10 ℃, the vein ejection collected previously and whole blood and donor blood are returned in this loop; Hematocrit rises with temperature.Supply with lignocaine and bicarbonate, make cardiac defibrillation (defribillated), begin ventilation.When blood pressure and body temperature reach just often, make this animal break away from shunting circuit, injection protamine and furosemide.Body temperature rise back several hours, this animal conscious mind also can be made a response.This animal still survives after the operation, and in order.
Example 12
Make the alternate baboon recovery of ice-cold blood
Anubis baboon kind (
Papio Annubis) the male baboon of 24kg earlier with intramuscular injection ketamine and acepromazine, use the intravenous injection pentothal then, anaesthetize.Use Pavulon (pancuronium bromide) to make it motionless then.Insert trunnion to it, ventilation, and insert venous duct, Foley conduit and ductus arteriosus.This animal is rolled in the cooling blanket cooling of beginning body surface.After intravenous injects heparin, insert sleeve pipe for right Femoral artery of this baboon and bilateral femur vein.Settle temperature sensor at esophagus, rectum and brain.Be equipped with electrocardiogram (EKG) for this animal; The body sense wakes the gauge of potentiality (SSEPs) and electroencephalogram (EEG) up.The intravenous injection dexamethasone.
Telescopic joint to a shunting circuit this animal, this loop comprise that an eddy current blood pump, one have the oxygenator of interior assembling heat exchanger and one can supply with the funnel that blood and blood substitute device rapidly.From this baboon, take out whole blood (300ml), deposit usefulness in order to the body temperature rise.This volume is replaced by the 300ml normal saline solution rapidly.The shunting circuit that contains 2LPlasmalyte (commercially available electrolyte solution) is opened beginning body internal cooling to this animal.
After dark esophageal temperature is reduced to below 13 ℃, in this loop, add the Plasmalyte that other 2L contains 12.5g mannitol, displacement blood and the former mixture that injects the Plasmalyte in this loop.The blood of this dilution is preserved, used when ging up in order to body temperature.After this add 10L HLB solution immediately, replace this Plasmalyte.When reaching the freezing point, hematocrit is far below 1%.When this animal reaches brain temperature is 3.4 ℃ and dark esophageal temperature when being 2.8 ℃, and blood pump is stopped, and makes this animal stop the condition maintenance 45 minutes of (pauses) in circulation.After date recovers circulation at this moment.
After this section hypothermic phase, in shunting circuit, add 4.2L HLB solution, this animal is heated up.When body temperature reaches 15 ℃, in this loop, add 2L Plasmalyte with displacement HLB solution.Plasmalyte in this loop adds mannitol (6.25g/l).In addition, allow vein ejection and the whole blood of collecting previously, and donor hemocyte and aquatic foods freeze blood plasma, turn back in this loop; The hematocrit of this animal rises with body temperature.In this loop, add other 12.5g mannitol.When esophageal temperature and rectal temperature approach just often, fibrillation takes place and begins pace-making in heart between temperature raising period.Begin ventilation.When blood pressure and body temperature approach just often, give this animal intravenous injection protamine, make it to break away from separate system, remove its sleeve pipe and conduit, and sew up its otch.
The dark esophageal temperature of this animal is at below 15 ℃ 3 hours, and at below 10 ℃ 2 hours 17 minutes, the minimum temperature that records was 2.8 ℃ (table 3).M seq, this animal capable is sat straight in cage, chooses eclipse number piece Fructus Musae, also can drink Sucus Mali pumilae.It still can healthy be survived, and slaughters in order to carry out Histological assessment after a week is many.The recovery of the alternate Canis familiaris L. of the ice-cold blood of table 2.
Te: esophageal temperature; Tr: rectal temperature; MAP: average artery pressure; HR: heartbeat speed; PAW: pulmonary wedge pressure; CVP: the recovery of the alternate baboon of the ice-cold blood of maincenter vein pressure table 3.
Te: esophageal temperature; Tr: rectal temperature; Tb: brain temperature; MAP: average artery pressure; HR: heartbeat speed; ICP: intracranial pressure
| Time | Solution | TE℃ | TR℃ | MAP mmHg | HR bpm | PAW mmHg | CVP mmHg | Flow L/min | pH | PCO 2 | PO 2 | Na | K | Hct |
| 11：57am | 36.1 | |||||||||||||
| 12：21pm | 225ml HLB enters with 225ml blood and discharges @12:19pm | 35.2 | 129 | 133 | 12 | 3 | ||||||||
| 12：39pm | 32.6 | 34.8 | 134 | 141 | 12 | 3 | ||||||||
| 12：40pm | 7.52 | 25.1 | 403 | 144 | 2.7 | 34 | ||||||||
| 12：52pm | 7.41 | 34.7 | 581 | 151 | 3.1 | 37 | ||||||||
| 1：35pm | @1:36 pm starts shunting circuit W/1.05L HLB | 32.2 | 32.9 | 141 | 132 | 12 | 5 | 1.7 | ||||||
| 1：40pm | 29.9 | 31.5 | 115 | 128 | 10 | 3 | 1.7 | |||||||
| 1：43pm | 26.7 | 29.7 | 105 | 122 | 8 | 3 | 1.8 | |||||||
| 1：46pm | 7.36 | 37.1 | 719 | 143 | 2.6 | 24 | ||||||||
| 1：50pm | 5L HLB | 21.9 | 24.8 | 66 | 77 | 7 | 2 | 0.9 | 0 | |||||
| 1：58pm | 4L HLB | 18.5 | 20.1 | 19 | 1.1 | |||||||||
| 2：00pm | 4L HLB | 14.9 | 18.8 | 28 | 1.0 | 7.48 | 9.2 | 812 | 155 | 2.5 | 0 | |||
| 2：02pm | 7.50 | 8.8 | 999+ | 165 | 3.6 | 0 | ||||||||
| 2：04pm | 10.4 | 16.9 | 37 | 1.5 | ||||||||||
| 2：05pm | 9.9 | 16.2 | 37 | |||||||||||
| 2：08pm | 4L HLB | 8.6 | 15.3 | 37 | 1.5 | |||||||||
| 2：14pm | 7.50 | 11.6 | 999+ | 159 | 4.2 | |||||||||
| 2：16pm | 2L HLB | 5.7 | 12.3 | 27 | 1.5 | |||||||||
| 2：20pm | 7.50 | 13.7 | 999+ | 151 | 5.1 | |||||||||
| 2：22pm | 3.7 | 10.4 | 36 | 1.4 |
| Time | Solution | TE℃ | TR℃ | MAP mmHg | HR bpm | PAW mmHg | CVP mmHg | Flow L/min | pH | PCO 2 | PO 2 | Na | K | Hct |
| 2：25pm | 3.3 | 9.8 | 35 | 1.6 | ||||||||||
| 2：27pm | 2.9 | 9.1 | 36 | 1 | 1.4 | |||||||||
| 2：33pm | 2.1 | 7.4 | 37 | 1.4 | ||||||||||
| 2：44pm | 2L HLB | 7.54 | 31.6 | 999+ | 150 | 4.6 | ||||||||
| 2：47pm | 1.4 | 4.8 | 36 | 3 | 1 | 1.3 | ||||||||
| 2：50pm | 1.2 | 4.3 | 37 | 3 | 1 | 1.3 | ||||||||
| 2：52pm | 1.2 | 4.2 | 37 | 3 | 1 | 1.3 | - | |||||||
| 2：59pm | 2L HLB | 1.1 | 3.4 | 21 | 0.6 | |||||||||
| 3：55pm | 0.9 | 2.3 | 22 | 0.4 | ||||||||||
| 4：00pm | 7.63 | 9.6 | 999+ | 150 | 5.4 | |||||||||
| 4：22pm | 3L HLB | 1.1 | 2.1 | 20 | 0.3 | |||||||||
| 5：00pm | 2L HLB | 0.8 | 1.6 | 18 | 0.4 | |||||||||
| 5：30pm | 3L HLB | 0.8 | ||||||||||||
| 5：50pm | 7.48 | 11.0 | 999+ | 150 | 5.7 | |||||||||
| 5：56pm | 1.8 | 1.8 | 19 | 0.4 | ||||||||||
| 6：04pm | 4.7 | 2.8 | 27 | 1.0 | ||||||||||
| 6：06pm | 2L HLB | 6.6 | 3.3 | 27 | 1.1 | 0 | ||||||||
| 6：08pm | 2L half blood | 9.7 | 4.1 | 30 | 1.1 | 20 | ||||||||
| 6：09pm | 9.9 | 4.2 | ||||||||||||
| 6：11pm | 10.7 | 5.3 | 31 | 18 | 7 | 1.0 | ||||||||
| 6：2pm | 7.30 | 28.0 | 902 | 151 | 4.6 | 26 | ||||||||
| 6：15pm | 13.8 | 6.7 | 30 | 24 | 13 | 2 | 1.1 | |||||||
| 6：25pm | 20.2 | 10.7 | 38 | 6 | 1 | 1.4 | 7.28 | 27.2 | 716 | 154 | 5.0 | 27 | ||
| 6：34pm | 1L blood | |||||||||||||
| 6：39pm | 7.34 | 38.9 | 670 | 158 | 3.2 | 26 | ||||||||
| 6：42pm | 29.2 | 18.1 | 60 | 143 | 15 | 2 | 1.7 |
| Time | Solution | TE℃ | TR℃ | MAP mmHg | HR bpm | PAW mmHg | CVP mmHg | Flow L/min | pH | PCO 2 | PO 2 | Na | K | Hct |
| 6：48pm | 7.37 | 28.9 | 587 | 154 | 2.9 | 27 | ||||||||
| 6：57pm | 32.8 | 32.2 | 132 | 161 | 8 | 0 | 1.6 | |||||||
| 7：00pm | 7.33 | 27.3 | 496 | 150 | 2.7 |
| Time | TE℃ | TR℃ | TB℃ | MAP mmHg | HR bpm | ICP mmHg | Flow L/min | pH | PCO 2 | PO 2 | HLB | Plas- malyte * | Blood 1 | Hct |
| 1：23pm | 1.6L+12.5g mannitol | (beginning shunting) | ≈18 | |||||||||||
| 1：27pm | 31.3 | 32.8 | 33.2 | 60 | 83 | 9 | 2.2 | |||||||
| 1：30pm | 28.5 | 31.1 | 32.5 | 60 | 67 | 9 | 2.1 | |||||||
| 1：32pm | 23.4 | 29.0 | 30.9 | 50 | 45 | 8 | 2.2 | |||||||
| 1：35pm | 19.3 | 26.6 | 28.0 | 50 | 27 | 9 | 2.1 | |||||||
| 1：37pm | 18.0 | 25.5 | 26.5 | 50 | 24 | 11 | 2.2 | |||||||
| 1：38pm | 17.6 | 24.7 | 25.6 | 50 | 23 | 9 | 2.0 | |||||||
| 1：40pm | 16.8 | 23.7 | 24.3 | 50 | 25 | 8 | 2.0 | |||||||
| 1：44pm | 18.1 | 22.8 | 23.1 | 50 | 22 | 10 | 2.0 | |||||||
| 1：46pm | 18.0 | 22.2 | 22.3 | 50 | 8 | 2.1 | 0.3L | |||||||
| 1：50pm | 0.1L | |||||||||||||
| 1：55pm | 12.2 | 19.3 | 18.2 | 50 | 4 | 7L | 0 | |||||||
| 2：02pm | 11.7 | 18.0 | 16.1 | 50 | 15 | 1.2 | 7.40 | 27 | 530 | 2L | ||||
| 2：05pm | 12.7 | 17.5 | 15.1 | 40 | 9 | 1.0 | 3L | |||||||
| 2：10pm | 11.3 | 16.9 | 14.1 | 40 | 9 | 1.3 | ||||||||
| 2：14pm | 10.5 | 16.2 | 13.3 | 50 | 11 | 1.3 | 7.34 | 17.1 | 578.6 | |||||
| 2：21pm | 9.6 | 15.0 | 11.9 | 50 | 11 | 1.3 | ||||||||
| 2：25pm | 8.8 | 14.3 | 11.0 | 50 | 10 | 1.3 | ||||||||
| 2：30pm | 7.9 | 13.4 | 9.9 | 50 | 10 | 1.3 | 7.37 | 21.2 | 782 | |||||
| 2：40pm | 6.4 | 11.7 | 8.0 | 50 | 9 | 1.3 | ||||||||
| 2：49pm | 5.3 | 10.4 | 6.7 | 55 | 10 | 1.2 | ||||||||
| 2：54pm | 5.4 | 9.8 | 6.3 | 50 | 7 | 1.2 |
| Time | TE℃ | TR℃ | TB℃ | MAP mmHg | HR bpm | ICP mmHg | Flow L/min | pH | PCO 2 | PO 2 | HLB | Plas- malyte * | Blood 1 | Hct |
| 3：18pm | 3.9 | 8.6 | 4.6 | 50 | 7 | 1.0 | ||||||||
| 3：29pm | 3.2 | 7.8 | 3.8 | 50 | 8 | 1.0 | ||||||||
| 3：32pm | 3.0 | 7.6 | 3.6 | 55 | 8 | 1.0 | ||||||||
| 3：35pm | 2.9 | 7.4 | 3.5 | 50 | 7 | 1.0 | ||||||||
| 3：37pm | 2.8 | 7.3 | 3.4 | 3 | ||||||||||
| 4：22pm | 3.7 | 10.1 | 4.8 | 1 | ||||||||||
| 4：24pm | 4.3 | 10.2 | 4.9 | 45 | 6 | 1.7 | ||||||||
| 4：27pm | 6.5 | 10.4 | 6.4 | 55 | 8 | 1.0 | 2.2L | |||||||
| 4：32pm | 8.3 | 10.5 | 7.7 | 60 | 8 | 1.1 | 3L | |||||||
| 4：34pm | 9.0 | 10.6 | 8.5 | 65 | 10 | 1.0 | ||||||||
| 4：36pm | 9.4 | 10.8 | 9.0 | 65 | 7 | 1.0 | ||||||||
| 4：38pm | 9.9 | 10.9 | 9.4 | 60 | 6 | 1.0 | ||||||||
| 4：39pm | 10.0 | 10.9 | 9.6 | 60 | 7 | 1.0 | ||||||||
| 4：45pm | 11.4 | 11.4 | 11.2 | 75 | 10 | 1.0 | ||||||||
| 4：47pm | 11.9 | 11.6 | 11.9 | 80 | 9 | 1.0 | ||||||||
| 4：51pm | 13.2 | 12.2 | 13.5 | 85 | 7 | 0.9 | ||||||||
| 4：53pm | 14.1 | 12.6 | 14.6 | 85 | Slowly | 7 | 0.8 | 7.37 | 14 | 762 | ||||
| 4：55pm | 14.6 | 15.2 | 15.9 | 90 | Slowly | 6 | 2L | 0 | ||||||
| 4：59pm | 0.3L 1/10 | |||||||||||||
| 5：01pm | 2L 1/4 blood/0.3L blood plasma | |||||||||||||
| 5：05pm | 18.0 | 15.3 | 18.1 | 55 | 7.33 | 22 | 224 | 2 |
| Time | TE℃ | TR℃ | TB℃ | MAP mmHg | HR bpm | ICp mmHg | Flow L/min | pH | PCO 2 | PO 3 | HLB | Plas- malyte * | Blood | Hct |
| 5：16pm | + 12.5 g mannitol | |||||||||||||
| 5：20pm | 24.6 | 20.0 | 24.5 | 44 | Fibrillation | 12 | 2.1 | |||||||
| 5：24pm | 0.3L blood plasma | |||||||||||||
| 5：25pm | 25.0 | 20.9 | 25.2 | 44 | Fibrillation | 13 | 2.0 | 7.30 | 25.3 | 593 | ||||
| 5：36pm | 0.4L blood+12.5 g mannitol | 12 | ||||||||||||
| 5：37pm | 26.7 | 22.4 | 28.7 | 45 | Fibrillation | 12 | 2.0 | |||||||
| 5：43pm | 0.3L blood | |||||||||||||
| 5：55pm | 32.0 | 24.8 | 32.8 | 45 | Fibrillation | 10 | 2.2 | |||||||
| 5：57pm | 32.2 | 25.3 | 32.9 | 45 | Fibrillation | 8 | 2.2 | |||||||
| 6：10pm | 35.3 | 28.8 | 36.6 | 55 | Beat | 11 | ||||||||
| 6：13pm | 36.3 | 30.3 | 36.8 | 7 | ||||||||||
| 6：23pm | 37.3 | 33.7 | 36.2 | 60 | 7 | 7 | 1.3 | 7.34 | 28.2 | 435 | 17 | |||
| 6：34pm | 7.39 | 31.9 | 322 | 20 | ||||||||||
| 6：36pm | 0.3L blood plasma |
The above and understand the novel solutions that can be used for many operating procedures specifically in the present invention of following proposition claim.Personnel with this gate technique common skill can be according to the statement of this description and claim, the present invention is made some augment or change, and do not deviate from essence disclosed in this invention.
Claims (9)
1. solution comprises:
(a)0～5mM K
+；
(b) concentration is the Na of physiological concentration or inferior physiological concentration
+, Mg
++, Ca
++, Cl
-
(c) a kind of macromole swelling agent;
(d) organic carboxyl acid shown in a kind of following formula, its salt or ester;
RCOOX
R is alkyl, alkenyl or an aryl in the formula, and a side chain or a straight chain that contains 1～30 carbon is arranged, and these carbon can have replacement; With
X be hydrogen or sodium or other can be on the biology that connects on this oxygen position can compatible ion substituent, or short straight or branched alkyl that contains 1～4 carbon and
(e) a kind of sugar,
Wherein said solution does not comprise biological buffer commonly used.
2. the solution of claim 1, wherein K
+Concentration range with 2～3mM exists.
3. the solution of claim 1, wherein Na
+Concentration range with 130～150mM exists, Mg
++Concentration range with 0.20～0.45mM exists, Ca
++Concentration range with 2.0～2.5mM exists, and described sugar is a kind of hexose, a group of forming of optional free glucose, fructose or galactose or its mixture.
4. the solution of claim 1, wherein said organic carboxyl acid is selected from one group that is made up of lactate, acetate, pyruvate or citrate.
5. the solution of claim 2 further comprises NaHCO
3
6. a kind of method of heat-killed blood substitute is provided, comprises:
A kind of solution heated up one section under pressure is enough to kill whole in this solution or whole antibacterials and making all or whole virally inactivated time basically basically, and to obtain described heat sterilization blood substitute, described solution comprises
(a)0～5mM K
+；
(b) concentration is the Na of physiological concentration or inferior physiological concentration
+, Mg
++, Ca
++, Cl
-
(c) a kind of macromole swelling agent; With
(d) a kind of sugar,
Its condition is that described solution does not comprise biological buffer commonly used.
7. according to the method for claim 6, wherein said method further comprises in described heat sterilization solution and adds the described a kind of organic carboxyl acid of claim 1, its salt or its ester.
Among the claim 1-5 any one described solution after sterilizing as the purposes of blood substitute.
9. a blood substitute wherein comprises any one described solution among the claim 1-5.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/071,533 US5407428A (en) | 1993-06-04 | 1993-06-04 | Solutions for use as plasma expanders and substitutes |
| US08/071,533 | 1993-06-04 | ||
| US13352793A | 1993-10-07 | 1993-10-07 | |
| US08/133,527 | 1993-10-07 |
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|---|---|
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| CN1102851C true CN1102851C (en) | 2003-03-12 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN94192801A Expired - Lifetime CN1102851C (en) | 1993-06-04 | 1994-06-03 | Plasma-like solution |
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|---|---|
| US (14) | US5702880A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0701455B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3715312B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100267604B1 (en) |
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| DK (1) | DK0701455T3 (en) |
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| US11013808B2 (en) | 2015-08-18 | 2021-05-25 | Astellas Institute For Regenerative Medicine | Clinical formulations |
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| US6680305B1 (en) | 1993-06-04 | 2004-01-20 | Biotime, Inc. | Physiologically acceptable aqueous solutions and methods for their use |
| CN1102851C (en) * | 1993-06-04 | 2003-03-12 | 生物时间公司 | Plasma-like solution |
| US5945272A (en) * | 1993-06-04 | 1999-08-31 | Biotime, Incorporated | Plasma expanders and blood substitutes |
| US6627393B2 (en) * | 1993-06-04 | 2003-09-30 | Biotime, Inc. | Solutions for use as plasma expanders and substitutes |
| US6300322B1 (en) | 1993-06-04 | 2001-10-09 | Biotime, Inc. | Plasma-like solution |
| US6218099B1 (en) * | 1994-06-03 | 2001-04-17 | Biotime, Inc. | Methods and compositions for use in perfusion applications |
| US6040132A (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 2000-03-21 | Biostore New Zealand, Ltd. | Methods for the lyophilization of living biological materials |
| US6060233A (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 2000-05-09 | Biostore New Zealand, Ltd | Methods for the lyophilization of platelets, platelet membranes or erythrocytes |
| US5827640A (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 1998-10-27 | Biostore New Zealand Limited | Methods for the preservation of cells and tissues using trimethylamine oxide or betaine with raffinose or trehalose |
| US7166084B2 (en) * | 1996-09-23 | 2007-01-23 | Dsu Medical Corporation | Blood set priming method and apparatus |
| US6387069B1 (en) * | 1996-09-23 | 2002-05-14 | Dsu Medical Corporation | Blood set priming method and apparatus |
| US5804551A (en) * | 1996-11-12 | 1998-09-08 | Baxter International Inc. | Pretraumatic use of hemoglobin |
| US5814601A (en) * | 1997-02-28 | 1998-09-29 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Methods and compositions for optimization of oxygen transport by cell-free systems |
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- 1995-06-05 US US08/462,650 patent/US5747071A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-05 US US08/465,252 patent/US5733894A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-05 US US08/463,296 patent/US5698536A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-06 US US08/471,396 patent/US5723281A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-04-23 US US08/839,021 patent/US5968726A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-07-18 US US08/896,824 patent/US6444418B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-07-18 US US08/896,823 patent/US6080538A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-02-17 US US09/024,884 patent/US6110504A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-31 US US09/052,827 patent/US6410218B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-11-09 HK HK98111830A patent/HK1010698A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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1999
- 1999-06-03 US US09/325,244 patent/US6406839B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-08-27 US US09/384,859 patent/US6387612B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-06-08 GR GR20010400864T patent/GR3036013T3/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4923442A (en) * | 1988-05-02 | 1990-05-08 | Cryomedical Sciences Inc. | Blood substitute |
| US5130230A (en) * | 1988-05-02 | 1992-07-14 | Cryomedical Sciences, Inc. | Blood substitute |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11013808B2 (en) | 2015-08-18 | 2021-05-25 | Astellas Institute For Regenerative Medicine | Clinical formulations |
| TWI772270B (en) * | 2015-08-18 | 2022-08-01 | 美商安斯泰來再生醫藥協會 | Clinical formulations |
| US11957754B2 (en) | 2015-08-18 | 2024-04-16 | Astellas Institute For Regenerative Medicine | Clinical formulations |
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