CN109916799B - Experimental method for measuring unconventional dense gas reservoir spontaneous imbibition relative permeability - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental method for measuring unconventional dense gas reservoir spontaneous imbibition relative permeability, which comprises the following steps: (1) cleaning and drying the core of the compact gas reservoir, and measuring the diameter D, the length L and the original porosity phi0(ii) a (2) Obtaining the absolute permeability K of the core0And effective pore volume VP(ii) a (3) Putting the core saturated with formation water into a core holder, adding confining pressure, and heating to the formation temperature; (4) injecting nitrogen into the rock core, and stopping when the water volume displaced to the water metering pipe at the outlet end of the rock core is not increased any more; (5) slowly injecting water into the core holder under the water-drive pressure difference delta P, performing spontaneous seepage water-absorption gas-displacement experiment, and calculating the relative permeability K of the water phase of the corerwRelative permeability of gas phase KrgAnd water saturation SwAnd obtaining a gas-water two-phase relative permeability curve of the compact gas reservoir rock core in the spontaneous water seepage and gas displacement process. The method provides a theoretical basis for determining the saturation of the residual gas of the tight gas reservoir and calculating the reserve volume.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an experimental method for measuring spontaneous imbibition relative permeability in the water flooding development process of an unconventional gas reservoir.
Background
In recent years, along with the increasing requirements on sustainable development and energy demand, the international importance of unconventional natural gas resources has been increased. China has abundant unconventional natural gas resources, the unconventional natural gas resources are large in scale and far larger than the conventional natural gas resources, and account for over 80 percent of the total global oil and gas resources. But its development and utilization is still in the infancy compared to many developed countries. The development of the compact gas reservoir undoubtedly helps to relieve the tension situation of global oil and gas supply, not only has economic benefit, but also is beneficial to improving the environment and meets the strategic requirements of sustainable development in China. The unconventional oil and gas resources in China have great potential and good development prospect, and are an important direction for oil and gas exploration and development in China.
With the continuous development of dense gas reservoirs and the continuous improvement of technical levels, the relative permeability curve of dense rocks is determined, and the obtaining methods mainly comprise two methods: one is directly measured by experiments (Fangjianlong. high-temperature high-pressure tight sandstone reservoir gas-water phase permeability curve test method. oil exploration and development. 2015,42(1):84-87), and the other is theoretically calculated according to capillary pressure data (calculation of permeation relative permeability in Huan Chang and application thereof. Daqing oil geology and development 1987,6(3): 37-42).
The spontaneous imbibition process is an important part in the water drive development process, and many experts and scholars at home and abroad carry out deep research aiming at the problems (Xuehonggang, LFS low-permeability compact condensate gas reservoir seepage and reservoir damage research (D)., southwest petrography, 2017; Zhoufengjun, low-permeability core imbibition experimental research, complex oil and gas reservoir, 2009, 2(1): 54-56).
The measurement of the spontaneous imbibition gas-water relative permeability is an important parameter for monitoring and evaluating the water drive development efficiency, and the acquisition of the phase permeability curve generally adopts an indoor experimental test method, but because the pore throat structure of a compact gas reservoir is complex and the heterogeneity is strong, the gas-water relative permeability curve obtained by the existing experimental test device and method has larger error. Therefore, how to reasonably and accurately measure the spontaneous imbibition relative permeability of the unconventional compact gas reservoir has important significance for deeply knowing and researching the gas-water seepage mechanism of the compact gas reservoir.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an experimental method for measuring the spontaneous imbibition relative permeability of an unconventional tight gas reservoir, which has reliable principle and simple and convenient operation, provides theoretical basis for measuring the saturation of the residual gas of the tight gas reservoir and calculating the reserve capacity, and has important significance for improving the gas recovery ratio of the unconventional tight gas reservoir.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
The invention uses the nuclear magnetic resonance instrument to measure the fluctuation degree of water absorbed under the action of capillary pressure, uses the gas flow monitor to observe the gas flow state, uses the drainage gas production method to collect the drainage gas, compares the collected gas with the nuclear magnetic resonance measurement result, reduces the measurement error of the self-priming relative permeability, and makes the measured gas-water relative permeability data more accurate and reliable.
An experimental method for measuring the spontaneous imbibition relative permeability of an unconventional compact gas reservoir is completed by utilizing a water-driven gas experimental device, the device consists of a core holder, a nuclear magnetic resonance instrument, a gas source, a water-driven displacement pump, a confining pressure pump, a back pressure pump, a gas-water separator and a constant temperature box, the core holder provided with a full-diameter core is connected with the nuclear magnetic resonance instrument and is positioned in the constant temperature box, the inlet end of the core holder is respectively connected with the gas source and the water-driven displacement pump through an inlet pressure gauge, the water-driven displacement pump is sequentially connected with a liquid flowmeter, a middle container and a water container, the core holder is also connected with the confining pressure pump, the outlet end of the core holder is respectively connected with the back pressure pump and the gas-water separator through an outlet pressure gauge, the gas-water separator is not only connected with a water metering tube, but also connected with, the method sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning and drying full-diameter core from compact gas reservoir, measuring diameter D, length L and original porosity phi0；
(2) Carrying out gas logging on the permeability of the rock core to obtain the absolute permeability K of the rock core0Weighing the dry core weight W1Then putting the weighed rock core into a vacuum pump, evacuating for 4 hours, continuing to evacuate the rock core saturated formation water until no bubbles overflow in the rock core, wherein the density of the formation water is rhowWeighing the weight W of the core after saturated formation water2To find the effective pore volume V of the coreP：
(3) Putting the core after saturated formation water into a core holder, applying confining pressure to the core holder by using a confining pressure pump, and raising the temperature of the constant temperature box to the formation temperature T0Measuring the dead pore volume V of the core holderd；
(4) Opening the gas source, raising the displacement pressure to the simulated formation pressure Pw,injecting nitrogen into the core, and stopping when the water volume displaced to the water metering pipe at the outlet end of the core is not increased any more, so that the inlet pressure P can be obtained from the inlet pressure gauge, the outlet pressure gauge, the gas metering pipe and the water metering pipe respectively1Outlet pressure P2Gas volume flow VgVolume Vw of water driven out of core, utilization
Calculating irreducible water saturation SWSThe effective permeability Kg of the gas phase of the core in the state of bound water saturation (which is more natural, oil reservoir physics, oil industry press.2011) is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula: μ -gas viscosity, mpa.s,
l-core length, cm,
a-core Cross-sectional area, cm2，
P0-atmospheric pressure, MPa;
calculating the core pore volume V under the irreducible water saturation by using the following formulaP1(susceptibility. unsteady-state method water-flooding gas phase vs. permeability curve experiment. natural gas industry 2007,27(10): 92-94):
(5) closing an air source, opening a water-driven displacement pump at the inlet end of the core holder, slowly injecting water in a water container into the core holder through an intermediate container under the water-driven pressure difference delta P, performing a spontaneous seepage water-absorption gas-driving experiment, and reading the gas production Q in a gas metering pipe in a time interval delta tgWater yield Q in the water-mixing measuring tubewObtaining the self-water-absorption W in the pores of the rock core by a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer3Calculating the relative permeability K of the core in water phaserwRelative permeability of gas phase KrgAnd water saturation Sw(％)：
In the formula: mu.sw、μgRespectively the viscosity of the aqueous phase and the gas phase at the measurement temperature, rhow、ρgWater phase and gas phase density respectively; thereby obtaining a gas-water two-phase relative permeability curve in the spontaneous water seepage and gas displacement process of the compact gas reservoir rock core.
In the step (5), the water drive pressure difference delta P (sensitive water drive gas phase versus permeability curve experiment of unsteady state method, natural gas industry, 2007,27(10):92-94) is calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula: sigmagw-gas-water interfacial tension.
In the step (5), obtaining the self-water-absorption amount W in the pores of the rock core through a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer3The method comprises the following steps: due to nuclear magnetic resonance T2The size of the enclosed area enclosed by the spectral curve and the abscissa (relaxation time t) reflects H+(H ionized by water)+) The self-water-absorption quantity W in the pore of the rock core can be known through the change of the closed area at the time interval delta t3。
In the step (5), after the pores of the core absorb water, the gas originally existing in the pores is expelled, so that the absorbed water amount is equal to the expelled gas amount, and the nuclear magnetic resonance T is adopted2Obtaining the gas quantity Q of accumulated displacement by the area change of the spectral curve1The accumulated exhaust gas is collected by a gas metering pipeVolume Q2Is mixing Q with1And Q2Making a comparison until
The experiment was ended.
According to the invention, the nuclear magnetic resonance instrument is connected to the rock core holder, so that the distribution rule of water in the rock core of the compact gas reservoir in the imbibition process can be observed through T2Obtaining the amount of absorbed water by the variable quantity of a closed area formed between the spectral curve and the relaxation time, discharging the gas originally existing in the pores by the water absorbed in the pores of the rock core, and ensuring that the amount of absorbed water is equal to that of discharged gas; the gas metering pipe is positioned in the water tank, and the amount of discharged gas is metered by a water drainage and gas recovery method; the core holder is positioned in the constant temperature box, and the experimental temperature is kept unchanged.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts reasonable water drive pressure difference delta P in the water drive gas experiment process, gives full play to capillary force, obtains the relative permeability curve of imbibition type gas and water, and obviously increases the calculated saturation of residual gas;
2. in the existing water gas-driving experimental device, because of the influence of original gas in a pipeline, the tightness of an instrument and the like, the error of an experimental result is larger due to inaccurate gas metering, and the invention calculates the gas quantity Q by nuclear magnetic resonance1And the accumulated gas quantity Q of the gas metering pipe2Comparison until
And when the experiment is finished, the error of the relative permeability values of the water phase and the gas phase is calculated to be small according to the experiment result.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental apparatus for measuring the spontaneous imbibition relative permeability of an unconventional dense gas reservoir.
FIG. 2 is a gas-water two-phase relative permeability curve in the water flooding process.
In the figure: 1. a core holder; 2. a nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus; 3. a confining pressure pump; 4. an inlet pressure gauge; 5. an outlet pressure gauge; 6. a throttle valve; 7. a water displacement pump; 8. a liquid flow meter; 9. an intermediate container; 10. a water container; 11. a gas-water separator; 12. a glass tube; 13. a gas flow monitor; 14. a water tank; 15. a gas metering tube; 16. a water metering tube; 17. a back pressure pump; 18. a gas source; 19. an incubator.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to the figures and examples in order to facilitate the understanding of the invention by a person skilled in the art. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited in scope to the specific embodiments, but is intended to cover various modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined by the appended claims, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.
An experimental method for measuring unconventional compact gas reservoir spontaneous imbibition relative permeability is completed by utilizing a water-driven gas experimental device (see figure 1) which consists of a core holder 1, a nuclear magnetic resonance instrument 2, an inlet pressure gauge 4, an outlet pressure gauge 5, a gas source 18, a water-driven displacement pump 7, a confining pressure pump 3, a back pressure pump 17, a gas-water separator 11 and a constant temperature box 19, wherein the core holder 1 filled with a full-diameter core is connected with the nuclear magnetic resonance instrument 2 and is positioned in the constant temperature box 19, the inlet end of the core holder is respectively connected with the gas source 18 and the water-driven displacement pump 7 through the inlet pressure gauge 4 and a throttle valve 6, the water-driven displacement pump 7 is sequentially connected with a liquid flowmeter 8, an intermediate container 9 and a water container 10, the core holder is also connected with the confining pressure pump 3, the outlet end of the core holder is respectively connected with the back pressure pump 17 and the gas-water separator 11 through the outlet pressure gauge, The gas metering pipe 15 and the glass tube 12 are connected with the gas flow monitor 13, and the gas metering pipe 15 is positioned in the water tank 14.
An experimental procedure for measuring the spontaneous imbibition relative permeability of an unconventional tight gas reservoir is as follows:
(1) cleaning and drying the obtained actual full-diameter core of a certain unconventional dense gas reservoir, and measuring the diameter D of the core to be 70cm, the length L of the core to be 10cm and the porosity phi08.5% absolute permeability K measured by gas03.5mD, extracting and cleaning with toluene and ethanol, and cleaningDrying, and weighing the weight W of the dry rock core1Putting the weighed dry core into a vacuum pump, evacuating for 4 hours, and adding saturated formation water (with density rho) of the corew) Continuing to evacuate until no bubbles overflow in the core, weighing the weight W of the core after saturated water2The pore volume of the core was determined from the saturated liquid density at 43.4 kg:
(2) the saturated water core was placed in a core holder 1, the dead pore volume of the core holder 1 was Vd of 9.89ml, the water reservoir 10 and the water tank 14 were filled with formation water at room temperature, the gas source 18 was a nitrogen cylinder (36MPa), all valves were closed, and the respective instruments were connected as shown in fig. 1.
(3) After the instrument is installed, the core holder 1 is pressurized by means of the confining pressure pump 3 and the temperature of the thermostat 19 is raised to the formation temperature T0＝120℃。
(4) And (3) opening the gas source 18, increasing the displacement pressure to the simulated formation pressure Pw which is 36MPa, injecting nitrogen into the rock core (keeping the injection pressure constant at 0.6MPa), and stopping gas drive when the water quantity in the water metering pipe 16 at the outlet end of the rock core is not increased any more. Record the inlet pressure gauge 4 reading P at this time135.8MPa, reading P of the outlet pressure gauge 5233.6MPa, gas volume flow Vg＝5*104And ml, the volume of the driven water in the rock is Vw-189.7 ml, the saturation Sws of the irreducible water is calculated, and the gas-phase permeability Kg of the rock core in the saturated state of the irreducible water is calculated by utilizing the Darcy formula:
core pore 6) volume at constant temperature under irreducible water saturation:
(5) closing the air source throttle valve 6, opening the water sample displacement pump 7 at the inlet end of the rock core holder 1, and controlling the pressure difference between the water sample and the displacement pump
Next, water in the water container 10 was slowly injected into the core holder 1 through the intermediate container 9, the liquid meter 8, and the displacement pump 7, and a spontaneous imbibition water and gas displacement experiment was performed. In the course of the experiment, nuclear magnetic resonance T2The spectral curve and the abscissa (relaxation time s) enclose a closed area, the size of which is mainly reflected in H+(H ionized by water)+) The amount of change in (c). In the time interval Deltat, by nuclear magnetic resonance T2Reading self-water-absorption W in core pore space by change of enclosed area enclosed by spectral curve and abscissa (relaxation time s)3196 ml. After a period of time T, by nuclear magnetic resonance T2The area of the spectral curve is obtained to obtain the gas quantity Q of the accumulated displacement183ml, and the cumulative amount of discharged gas Q collected through the gas metering tube2Adding Q to 85ml1And Q2Making a comparison until
At the end of the experiment, the relative permeability values of the water phase and the gas phase are calculated (see table 1), so that a gas-water two-phase permeability curve (see fig. 2) in the water gas displacement process is obtained.
TABLE 1 core water phase and gas phase relative permeability calculation results
Claims (3)
1. An experimental method for measuring the spontaneous imbibition relative permeability of an unconventional compact gas reservoir is completed by utilizing a water-driven gas experimental device which consists of a core holder (1), a nuclear magnetic resonance instrument (2), an inlet pressure gauge (4), an outlet pressure gauge (5), an air source (18), a water-driven replacement pump (7), a confining pressure pump (3), a back pressure pump (17), an air-water separator (11) and a constant temperature box (19), wherein the core holder (1) provided with a full-diameter core is connected with the nuclear magnetic resonance instrument (2) and is positioned in the constant temperature box (19), the inlet end of the core holder is respectively connected with the air source (18) and the water-driven replacement pump (7) through the inlet pressure gauge (4), the water-driven replacement pump is sequentially connected with a liquid flowmeter (8), a middle container (9) and a water container (10), the core holder is also connected with the confining pressure pump (3), the outlet end of the core holder is respectively connected with the back pressure pump (, the gas-water separator is connected with a water metering pipe (16) and a gas metering pipe (15), and the method sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning and drying a full-diameter core taken from a compact gas reservoir, and measuring the diameter D, the length L and the original porosity phi of the core0；
(2) Carrying out gas logging on the permeability of the rock core to obtain the absolute permeability K of the rock core0Weighing the dry core weight W1Then putting the weighed rock core into a vacuum pump, evacuating for 4 hours, continuing to evacuate the rock core saturated formation water until no bubbles overflow in the rock core, wherein the density of the formation water is rhowWeighing the weight W of the core after saturated formation water2To find the effective pore volume V of the coreP：
(3) Putting the core after saturated formation water into a core holder, applying confining pressure to the core holder by using a confining pressure pump, and raising the temperature of the constant temperature box to the formation temperature T0Measuring the dead pore volume V of the core holderd；
(4) Opening an air source, raising the displacement pressure to the simulated formation pressure Pw, injecting nitrogen into the rock core, stopping when the water volume displaced to the water metering pipe at the outlet end of the rock core is not increased any more, and obtaining inlet pressure P from an inlet pressure gauge, an outlet pressure gauge, the air metering pipe and the water metering pipe1Outlet pressureP2Gas volume flow VgCalculating the volume Vw of the driven water in the rock core, and calculating the saturation S of the irreducible waterWSEffective permeability Kg of gas phase of core under bound water saturation state, and pore volume V of core under bound water saturationP1；
(5) Closing an air source, opening a water-driven displacement pump at the inlet end of the core holder, slowly injecting water in a water container into the core holder through an intermediate container under a water-driven pressure difference delta P, and performing a spontaneous seepage water-absorption gas-driving experiment, wherein the water-driven pressure difference delta P is calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula: sigmagwThe gas-water interfacial tension;
by reading the gas production Q in the gas metering tube in the time interval DeltatgWater yield Q in the water-mixing measuring tubewObtaining the self-water-absorption amount W in the core hole by a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer3Calculating the relative permeability K of the core in water phaserwRelative permeability of gas phase KrgAnd water saturation Sw(％)：
In the formula: mu.sw、μgRespectively the viscosity of the aqueous phase and the gas phase at the measurement temperature, rhow、ρgWater phase and gas phase density respectively; l is the core length, and A is the core cross-sectional area;
thereby obtaining a gas-water two-phase relative permeability curve in the spontaneous water seepage and gas displacement process of the compact gas reservoir rock core.
2. The experimental method for measuring the spontaneous imbibition relative permeability of an unconventional tight gas reservoir as defined in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the self-water absorption W in the pores of the core is obtained by a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer3The method comprises the following steps: nuclear magnetic resonance T2The size of the enclosed area enclosed by the spectral curve and the relaxation time t reflects H+The self-water-absorption quantity W in the pore of the rock core is obtained through the change of the closed area at the time interval delta t3。
3. The experimental method for measuring the spontaneous imbibition relative permeability of an unconventional tight gas reservoir as defined in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the amount of water absorbed into the core is equal to the amount of gas to be expelled, and the nuclear magnetic resonance T is adopted2Obtaining the gas quantity Q of accumulated displacement by the area change of the spectral curve1The accumulated gas quantity Q is collected by a gas metering tube2Is mixing Q with1And Q2Making a comparison until
The experiment was terminated.
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