CN1084782C - 联体式炼焦炉及其炼焦方法 - Google Patents

联体式炼焦炉及其炼焦方法 Download PDF

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CN1084782C
CN1084782C CN99125326A CN99125326A CN1084782C CN 1084782 C CN1084782 C CN 1084782C CN 99125326 A CN99125326 A CN 99125326A CN 99125326 A CN99125326 A CN 99125326A CN 1084782 C CN1084782 C CN 1084782C
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coking
flue
coke
coal
hole
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CN1255528A (zh
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阎吉英
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SANJIA COAL-CHEMICAL Co Ltd SHANXI
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B15/00Other coke ovens
    • C10B15/02Other coke ovens with floor heating

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种联体式炼焦炉及其炼焦方法。该炼焦炉包括两排并列的联体焦炉,一支烟囱,在焦炉的两端设有推力墙,在焦炉的前端设有入煤出焦口,在烟囱的两侧设有主烟道,每个炭化室设有分烟道,主烟道与分烟道连通,在分烟道上设有调节闸板,其中它还包括在主烟道的两端和中部设有烘烤主烟道和增强吸力用的加温坑。其炼焦方法是:装煤、打开引火闸板引火、焦煤于馏和用水气化熄焦。本发明具有结构合理、焦炭质量高等优点。

Description

联体式炼焦炉及其炼焦方法
本发明涉及一种联体式炼焦炉及其炼焦方法。
现有的非机焦炉普遍存在着结构不合理的缺陷,炼焦助燃空气从焦炉的侧面加入,空气直接与炼焦煤及焦炭长时间接触发生氧化。如七五型炉、萍乡炉、JKH-89型炉等均因存在着上述缺陷,因此使炼焦煤得不到充分的干馏,从而化焦多、产焦率低,结焦不均匀。焦炭挥发份波动范围大,过火焦多,生焦多,造成焦炭质量和产率的降低。
本发明的目的是提供一种结构合理、焦炭质量高且产焦率高的联体式炼焦炉及其炼焦方法。
本发明的任务是这样实现的:该联体式炼焦炉,它包括两排并列的联体焦炉,一支烟囱,在焦炉的两端设有推力墙,在焦炉的前端设有入煤出焦口,在焦炉的后端墙上设有熄焦口,在焦炉的底部设有兼作熄焦回水底道的底火道,在焦炉入煤出焦口的底部前端设有回水支道和回水主道,回水支道的一端与底火道连通,另一端与回水主道连通,在回水支道靠近底火道的一端设有回水闸板,在烟囱的两侧设有主烟道,每个炭化室设有分烟道,主烟道与分烟道连通,在分烟道上设有调节闸板,其中它还包括在主烟道的两端和中部设有烘烤主烟道和增强吸力用的加温坑,在炭化室两侧墙壁中设置的竖火道,竖火道与炭化室底部的底火道连通,在炭化室炉顶和侧墙壁的连接处设有倒焰孔,竖火道的中上部与倒焰孔连通,在竖火道的顶端设有二次空气闸阀,在炭化室炉顶中部设有一次空气孔,在一次空气孔上设有调节闸阀,在炉顶的两侧设有引火空气孔,在引火空气孔上设有闸阀,在两个相邻炭化室的中间设有保温层,在保温层与倒焰孔同高处设有引火孔,引火孔中设有引火闸板。
上述联体式炼焦炉的炼焦方法是:该方法包括下列步骤:首先将配好的炼焦煤从入煤出焦口推入炭化室中,煤层达900-1000mm时,用夯实机夯实二遍,使煤堆密度达到0.84g/cm3,再装煤至2000mm时再夯实二遍,清除倒焰孔和引火孔处的焦煤,封好入煤出焦口;接着打开本焦炉的分烟道的调节闸板,将相邻焦炉的引火闸板打开,关闭该相邻焦炉的分烟道调节闸板,关闭引火一侧的倒焰孔,在负压作用下,燃气从引火孔中进入本炭化室的燃烧室中燃烧,没有燃尽的废热气从另一侧的倒焰孔进入竖火道和底火道中进行燃烧,并加热侧炉壁和炉底使焦煤进行干馏,最后烟气经分烟道进入主烟道,从烟囱排出;在负压条件下,调节一次空气孔上的调节闸阀,使空气进入燃烧室中,将干馏出的煤气在燃烧室中充分燃烧;调节二次空气闸阀,将空气进入竖火道中,与未燃尽的废气在竖火道中混合后继续燃烧尽,使排放的烟气达到排放标准;结焦成熟后,温度保持在940℃±50℃时用水气化熄焦。
由于本发明采用了上述技术方案,能使炭化室顶部的燃烧室在燃烧过程中可分为三个层次的气氛:顶部为一次空气吸入口的富氧气氛,中部为贫氧氛的燃烧气体,下层为紧密覆盖、未经扩散的荒煤气——惰性气氛。惰性气体将燃烧室与炭化室隔开,煤在隔绝空气下干馏成焦。因此与背景技术相比具有结构合理、投资少、焦炭质量高、产焦率高、吨焦煤耗低和环境污染低等优点。
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的描述。
图1是本发明的结构示意图;
图2是本发明的平面布置示意图。
如图1和图2所示,本发明的炼焦炉包括两排并列的联体焦炉,一支共用的烟囱17,在焦炉的两端设有推力墙12,在焦炉的前端设有入煤出焦口22,在焦炉的后端墙上设有熄焦口23,在焦炉的底部设有兼作熄焦回水底道的底火道13,在焦炉入煤出焦口22的底部前端设有回水支道19和回水主道21,回水支道19的一端与底火道13连通,另一端与回水主道21连通,在回水支道19靠近底火道13的一端设有回水闸板20,在烟囱17的两则设有主烟道16,每个炭化室1设有分烟道14,主烟道16与分烟道14连通,在分烟道14上设有调节闸板15,其中在主烟道16的两端和中部设有烘烤主烟道16和增强吸力用的加温坑18,在炭化室1的两侧墙壁中设置有竖火道4,竖火道4与炭化室1底部的底火道13连通,在炭化室1炉顶和侧墙壁连接处设有倒焰孔3,竖火道4的中上部与倒焰孔3连通,在竖火道4顶端设有用耐火砖制成的二次空气闸阀5,在炭化室1炉顶中部设有一次空气孔6,在一次空气孔6上设有用耐火砖制成的调节闸阀7,在炉顶的两侧设有引火空气孔10,在引火空气孔10上设有用耐火砖制成的闸阀11,在两个相邻炭化室1的中间设有保温层24,在保温层24与倒焰孔3同高处设有引火孔8,引火孔8中设有引火闸板9,炭化室1的上部为燃烧室2。
本发明的炼焦方法是:首先将配好的炼焦煤用料斗小车从入煤出焦口推入炭化室内,煤层达1000mm时,摊平用蛙式打夯机夯实二遍,使煤堆密度达到0.84g/cm3,再装入炼焦煤至2000mm时,再夯实二遍,清除倒焰孔和引火孔处的焦煤,封好入煤出焦口;接着打开本焦炉的分烟道的调节闸板,使炭化室内燃烧室空间负压稳定在20帕左右,将相邻焦炉的引火闸板打开,关闭该相邻焦炉的分烟道调节闸板,关闭引火一侧的倒焰孔,在负压作用下,燃气火从相邻焦炉的炭化室经引火孔进入本炭化室的燃烧室中燃烧,没有燃尽的废热气从另一侧的倒焰孔顺序进入竖火道和底火道中进行燃烧,并加热侧炉壁和炉底使焦煤进行干馏,最后烟气经分烟道进入主烟道,从烟囱排出;表层煤受热分解,热裂解产生的煤气达到一定量时,就在煤层上部稳定地燃烧,此时引火结束。引火结束后,调节一次空气孔上的调节闸阀,使空气进入燃烧室中,将干馏出的煤气在燃烧室中充分燃烧,未燃烧尽的废气经倒焰孔进入竖火道和底火道,这时调节二次空气闸阀,将空气进入竖火道中,与未燃尽的废气在竖火道中混合后继续燃烧尽,使排放的烟气达到排放标准;炭化室中的炼焦煤在上下二面受热干馏双向结焦,缩短了炭化时间,提高了结焦质量;结焦成熟后,燃烧室温度逐渐下降,在温度降至940℃时保持6小时就可熄焦,熄焦时从炉两端上侧打开熄焦口,将预先架好的水龙头打开,将水喷射到焦面上,水受热后产生蒸汽,通过隔绝空气和热量交换,使焦炭火熄灭,剩余水由炉底的底火道进入回水支道,回水主道,最后回收到蓄水池内循环使用。打开入煤出焦口,将焦炭推出即完成了全部的炼焦过程。
上述炼焦方法中的第一次装煤层的厚度还可以在900-1000mm之间选择,熄焦温度在890℃-990℃之间选择。

Claims (2)

1、一种联体式炼焦炉,它包括两排并列的联体焦炉,一支烟囱,在焦炉的两端设有推力墙,在焦炉的前端设有入煤出焦口,在焦炉的后端墙上设有熄焦口,在焦炉的底部设有兼作熄焦回水底道的底火道,在焦炉入煤出焦口的底部前端设有回水支道和回水主道,回水支道的一端与底火道连通,另一端与回水主道连通,在回水支道靠近底火道的一端设有回水闸板,在烟囱的两侧设有主烟道,每个炭化室设有分烟道,主烟道与分烟道连通,在分烟道上设有调节闸板,其特征是:它还包括在主烟道的两端和中部设有烘烤主烟道和增强吸力用的加温坑,在炭化室两侧墙壁中设置的竖火道,竖火道与炭化室底部的底火道连通,在炭化室炉顶和侧墙壁的连接处设有倒焰孔,竖火道的中上部与倒焰孔连通,在竖火道的顶端设有二次空气闸阀,在炭化室炉顶中部设有一次空气孔,在一次空气孔上设有调节闸阀,在炉顶的两侧设有引火空气孔,在引火空气孔上设有闸阀,在两个相邻炭化室的中间设有保温层,在保温层与倒焰孔同高处设有引火孔,引火孔中设有引火闸板。
2、一种使用权利要求1所述联体式炼焦炉的炼焦方法,其特征是:该方法包括下列步骤:首先将配好的炼焦煤从入煤出焦口推入炭化室中,煤层达900-1000mm时,用夯实机夯实二遍,使煤堆密度达到0.84g/cm3,再装煤至2000mm时再夯实二遍,清除倒焰孔和引火孔处的焦煤,封好入煤出焦口;接着打开本焦炉的分烟道的调节闸板,将相邻焦炉的引火闸板打开,关闭该相邻焦炉的分烟道调节闸板,关闭引火一侧的倒焰孔,在负压作用下,燃气从引火孔中进入本炭化室的燃烧室中燃烧,没有燃尽的废热气从另一侧的倒焰孔进入竖火道和底火道中进行燃烧,并加热侧炉壁和炉底使焦煤进行干馏,最后烟气经分烟道进入主烟道,从烟囱排出;在负压条件下,调节一次空气孔上的调节闸阀,使空气进入燃烧室中,将干馏出的煤气在燃烧室中充分燃烧;调节二次空气闸阀,将空气进入竖火道中,与未燃尽的废气在竖火道中混合后继续燃烧尽,使排放的烟气达到排放标准;结焦成熟后,温度保持在940℃±50℃时用水气化熄焦。
CN99125326A 1999-12-09 1999-12-09 联体式炼焦炉及其炼焦方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1084782C (zh)

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