CN108315359B - Method for preparing alcohol and preparing feed by using potato straws - Google Patents
Method for preparing alcohol and preparing feed by using potato straws Download PDFInfo
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- CN108315359B CN108315359B CN201810246622.0A CN201810246622A CN108315359B CN 108315359 B CN108315359 B CN 108315359B CN 201810246622 A CN201810246622 A CN 201810246622A CN 108315359 B CN108315359 B CN 108315359B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
- C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
- C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
- C12P7/08—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate
- C12P7/10—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
- A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P2201/00—Pretreatment of cellulosic or lignocellulosic material for subsequent enzymatic treatment or hydrolysis
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing alcohol and preparing feed by utilizing potato straws. The preparation method comprises the following steps: s1: cleaning, crushing and steaming the straws, then pretreating, filtering, washing filter residues to be neutral, and collecting the filter residues; s2: drying the filter residue obtained in the step S1, and then carrying out saccharification and fermentation to obtain a fermentation product; s3: distilling the fermentation product, and collecting to obtain liquid-phase primary product alcohol and solid-phase wine residue; s4: and (4) rectifying the liquid-phase primary product alcohol obtained in the step (S3) into anhydrous alcohol by a rectification tower of a winery, adding a certain amount of gastrodin and corn flour or sorghum flour into the solid-phase lees, and fermenting to prepare the blended feed. The invention adopts potato straws as the raw material for preparing the biomass liquid fuel ethanol, has sufficient sources and low price, and avoids resource waste, thereby opening up a new way for utilizing rural wastes; but also remarkably reduces the environmental pollution and increases the income of farmers, thereby having wide application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural and sideline product waste resource utilization, in particular to a method for preparing alcohol and preparing feed by utilizing potato straws.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid increase of global resource consumption, the comprehensive utilization of resources is more and more emphasized; wherein, the straw is used as a byproduct of crop production and can be used as a raw material for providing renewable energy. The reported heat of combustion for 2 tons of straw is equivalent to 1 ton of standard coal; therefore, further development and utilization of biomass energy in straw have become a global hot research topic.
Most of the traditional literature reports that corn straws are used as raw materials for research, but no report is found about the processing and utilization of potato straws. In addition, the potato industry is the leading agricultural industry in areas of Ningxia Guyuan, which produces about 100 million tons of potato straws every year, and the straws are always used as wastes in agricultural production to be stacked or burned in the open air, so that the potato straw production not only occupies the land, but also produces a large amount of smoke and dust to cause air pollution. Based on this, the method has good social and economic benefits aiming at further processing and utilization of the potato straws.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for preparing alcohol and preparing feed by using potato straws. The potato straws are used as the raw material for preparing the biomass liquid fuel ethanol, so that the source is sufficient, the price is low, and the resource waste is avoided, thereby opening up a new way for utilizing rural wastes; and as a convenient renewable energy resource, the composite material can remarkably reduce the environmental pollution and increase the income of farmers, has wide application value and is suitable for large-scale industrial application.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a method for preparing alcohol and feed by using straws, which comprises the following steps: s1: cleaning, crushing and steaming the straws, then pretreating, filtering, washing filter residues to be neutral, and collecting the filter residues; s2: drying the filter residue obtained in the step S1, and then carrying out saccharification and fermentation to obtain a fermentation product; s3: distilling the fermentation product, and collecting to obtain a liquid phase product and a solid phase product; s4: further processing the liquid phase product into alcohol, and further processing the solid phase product into feed.
Preferably, in S1: the method comprises the following steps of cleaning, crushing and steaming the straws: cutting off root hairs of the straws harvested in the current year, cleaning soil, drying in the sun or in the air, crushing into material residues with 30-60 meshes, and then putting the material residues into a steamer to steam for 20-40 min; the pretreatment specifically comprises: adding a pretreatment reagent into the steamed straw powder, sealing and keeping the temperature at 40-50 ℃, and treating for 4-5 d; wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the straw powder to the pretreatment reagent is 1: 2-1: 3, the pretreatment reagent comprises a mixture of 2: 1, and 1-3% of sodium hydroxide solution and 1-3% of hydrogen peroxide solution.
Preferably, in S1: the raw material components of the pretreatment reagent also comprise sorbitol and hydroxylamine hydrochloride, wherein the mass of the sorbitol accounts for 0.2-0.5% of the mass of the sodium hydroxide solution, and the mass of the hydroxylamine hydrochloride accounts for 2-3% of the mass of the sodium hydroxide solution.
Preferably, in S2: the conditions for saccharification and fermentation specifically comprise: putting the dried filter residues into a fermentation tank or a fermentation tank, wherein 40% -75% of the total volume of the fermentation tank or the fermentation tank is used for discharging straw powder, adding white sugar, cellulase, glucoamylase, distiller's yeast and water into the fermentation tank or the fermentation tank, fully and uniformly stirring, adjusting the pH value in the fermentation tank or the fermentation tank to 4.6-4.8, and then performing anaerobic fermentation; wherein, the temperature of the fermentation tank or the fermentation tank is kept between 20 and 35 ℃, the fermentation time is kept between 7 and 9 days, and if the fermentation tank which can raise the temperature and is purchased in the market is used for fermentation, the use is more convenient.
Preferably, in S2: based on the mass of the straw, the adding amount of the white sugar is 1-2%, the adding amount of the cellulase is 0.5-1%, the adding amount of the saccharifying enzyme is 2-5%, the adding amount of the Angel yeast is 2-5% and the adding amount of the water is 40-60%; and adjusting the pH value by adopting a buffer solution, wherein the buffer solution is HAc-NaAc mixed solution or citric acid-sodium citrate mixed solution. It should be noted that, in the process of saccharification and fermentation, a person skilled in the art can add 10-20% of vinasse into the pool during material mixing according to actual needs; before use, the Angel yeast is firstly subjected to yeast culture: adding yeast into water with a temperature of 30 deg.C and a Brix (BX) of 3%, stirring, standing for 30min, and adding Angel yeast into the cooled material to obtain distiller's yeast.
Preferably, in S3: the distillation specifically comprises retort filling distillation and common distillation; wherein, in the retort distillation, the material is added after the gas is observed in the retort; the liquid phase resulting from condensation of the vapor is collected in a conventional distillation.
Preferably, the straw is potato straw.
In a second aspect, the alcohol and/or feed prepared by the method provided by the invention is used.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a formulated feed, which comprises the following raw material components: the solid phase obtained by distillation, gastrodine, corn flour or sorghum flour, sucrose and salt; wherein, the adding amount of the gastrodine is 5-8 percent, the adding amount of the corn flour or the sorghum flour is 7-10 percent, the adding amount of the sucrose is 0.5-1.3 percent, and the adding amount of the salt is 0.8-1.2 percent by mass of the straws; and the water content of the solid phase obtained by distillation is adjusted to be 40-50%.
In a fourth aspect, the invention provides a preparation method of a formulated feed, comprising the following steps: mixing the raw material components, putting the mixture into a fermentation tank or a fermentation tank for fermentation, keeping the temperature of the fermentation tank or the fermentation tank at 20-35 ℃, and fermenting for 6-8 days to obtain the blended feed.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the applicant has found through a large number of experiments that: the potato straws are used as the raw material for preparing the biomass liquid fuel ethanol, so that the source is sufficient, the price is low, and the resource waste is avoided, thereby opening up a new way for utilizing rural wastes; and as a convenient renewable energy resource, the composite material can remarkably reduce the environmental pollution and increase the income of farmers, has wide application value and is suitable for large-scale industrial application.
(2) The potato straws are adopted to prepare the alcohol and prepare the feed, so that about 3 tons of grains can be saved in each ton of alcohol, and higher added value of agricultural products is generated. The yield of potatoes per mu is about 1500 kilograms, 500 kilograms of straws are produced, and 10-20 kilograms of primary alcohol products can be produced; the lees generated by steaming the wine are fermented, so that the protein is increased, the palatability is good, and the lees can be used as cattle, sheep and pig feed; the method has strong practical significance under the condition that the food in China is insufficient.
(3) The preparation method provided by the invention is simple, low in production cost and strong in operability, and can be used by mixing the potato straws and the corn straws, so that greater benefit can be generated.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and therefore are only examples, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
The experimental procedures in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. The test materials used in the following examples were purchased from a conventional store unless otherwise specified. In the quantitative tests in the following examples, three replicates were set, and the data are the mean or the mean ± standard deviation of the three replicates.
The invention provides a method for preparing alcohol and feed by utilizing potato straws, which comprises the following steps:
s1: pretreatment of potato straw
Cutting off root hairs of potato straws after potatoes are harvested in the current year, cleaning soil, drying in the sun, crushing into 30-60 meshes of material residues by using a solid crusher, and steaming for 20-40 min in a steamer; cooling, and then mixing the raw materials according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1: 2-1: 3, pretreating the reagent in the straw powder, putting the pretreated reagent into a pot, sealing the pot, and carrying out pretreatment for 4-5 days while keeping the temperature at 40-50 ℃; filtering, washing the filter residue with water to neutrality, and air drying the filter residue. Wherein, the pretreatment reagent comprises a mixture of 2: 1 to 3 wt.% sodium hydroxide solution and 1 to 3 wt.% hydrogen peroxide solution; more preferably, the raw material components of the pretreatment reagent further comprise sorbitol and hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and the mass of the sorbitol and hydroxylamine hydrochloride respectively accounts for 0.2-0.5% and 2-3% of the mass of the sodium hydroxide solution.
S2: saccharification and fermentation
The dried filter residue is put into a fermentation tank or a fermentation tank, about 40-75% of the total volume of the fermentation tank is used for putting straw powder, then white sugar, cellulase, diastase, distiller's yeast and water are added into the tank and fully stirred uniformly, the pH value in the fermentation tank or the fermentation tank is adjusted to 4.6-4.8 by buffer solution, the tank is covered by a plastic film, and the periphery of the tank is tightly pressed, so that anaerobic conditions are caused in the tank, and fermentation is facilitated. The method comprises the following steps of maintaining the temperature of a fermentation tank or a fermentation tank at 20-35 ℃, fermenting the potato straws for 7-9 d, stirring the potato straws up and down once a day during fermentation to fully ferment the straws, observing the temperature at regular time, and indicating that the fermentation process is finished when the temperature stops rising. In addition, the amount of each raw material component is calculated by straws, the adding amount of white sugar is 1-2%, the adding amount of cellulase is 0.5-1%, the adding amount of saccharifying enzyme is 2-5%, the adding amount of Angel yeast is 2-5% and the adding amount of water is 40-60%; before use, the Angel yeast needs to be subjected to yeast culture: adding yeast into water with a temperature of 30 ℃ and a Brix (BX) of 3%, uniformly stirring, standing for 30min, and then adding Angel yeast into the cooled material to obtain distiller's yeast; the buffer solution is HAc-NaAc mixed solution or citric acid-sodium citrate mixed solution. In addition, during the saccharification and fermentation process, 10-20% of vinasse is preferably added into the pool during the material mixing.
S3: distillation
The fermented raw materials are put into a steamer for distillation, the materials are fed in the steamer in the presence of gas, the materials fed into the steamer are light, loose, thin, uniform, free of gas blockage and free of gas cross-flow, the materials are tightly sealed after the feeding is finished, then the distillation is started by using the traditional distillation process, and liquid-phase primary products of alcohol and solid-phase wine residues are obtained by condensing steam.
S4: preparing mixed feed
Rectifying the liquid-phase primary product alcohol into absolute alcohol through a rectifying tower, squeezing solid-phase wine dregs to squeeze out water to ensure that the water content is 40-50%, then adding 5-8% of gastrin by mass of the straw, simultaneously adding about 7-10% of corn flour or sorghum flour, 0.5-1.3% of cane sugar and 0.8-1.2% of salt into a fermentation tank for fermentation, keeping the temperature of the fermentation tank at 20-35 ℃ and the fermentation time at 6-8 days, and obtaining the blended feed. Specifically, the prepared feed prepared by the invention can be mixed with the feed for feeding livestock originally for use, and can also be gelatinized by a ring-grinding granulator at about 70 ℃ to prepare granulated feed.
The following description is made with reference to specific embodiments:
example one
The embodiment provides a method for preparing alcohol and feed by utilizing potato straws, which comprises the following steps:
s1: pretreatment of potato straw
Cutting off root hairs of potato straws after potatoes are harvested in the current year, cleaning off soil, drying in the sun, crushing into 30-mesh material residues by using a solid crusher, and steaming in a steamer for 40 min; cooling, and then mixing the raw materials according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1: 2, pretreating the reagent in the straw powder, putting the pretreated reagent into a pot, sealing the pot, and carrying out pretreatment for 4 days while keeping the temperature at 50 ℃; filtering, washing the filter residue with water to neutrality, and air drying the filter residue. Wherein, the pretreatment reagent comprises a mixture of 2: 1 of 1 wt.% sodium hydroxide solution and 3 wt.% hydrogen peroxide solution.
S2: saccharification and fermentation
The dried filter residue is put into a fermentation tank or a fermentation tank, about 50 percent of the total volume of the fermentation tank or the fermentation tank is used for placing straw powder, then white sugar, cellulase, glucoamylase, distiller's yeast and water are added into the fermentation tank or the fermentation tank and then fully and uniformly stirred, HAc-NaAc buffer solution is used for adjusting the pH value in the fermentation tank or the fermentation tank to 4.8, a plastic film is used for covering the fermentation tank, and the periphery of the fermentation tank is tightly pressed, so that anaerobic conditions are generated in the fermentation tank, and fermentation is facilitated. Wherein, the temperature of the fermentation tank or the fermentation tank is kept at 35 ℃, the potato straws are fermented for 7d, the potato straws are required to be stirred up and down once a day during the fermentation period so as to be fully fermented, the temperature is observed at regular time, and the fermentation process is finished when the temperature stops rising. The amount of each raw material component is calculated by straws, the adding amount of white sugar is 1%, the adding amount of cellulase is 1%, saccharifying enzyme is 2%, Angel yeast is 5% and water is 40%; before use, the Angel yeast needs to be cultured by yeast: adding yeast into water with a temperature of 30 deg.C and a Brix (BX) of 3%, stirring, standing for 30min, and adding Angel yeast into the cooled material to obtain distiller's yeast.
S3: distillation
The fermented raw materials are put into a steamer for distillation, the materials are fed in the steamer in the presence of gas, the materials fed into the steamer are light, loose, thin, uniform, free of gas blockage and free of gas cross-flow, the materials are tightly sealed after the feeding is finished, then the distillation is started by using the traditional distillation process, and liquid-phase primary products of alcohol and solid-phase wine residues are obtained by condensing steam.
S4: preparing mixed feed
Rectifying liquid-phase primary product alcohol into anhydrous alcohol through a rectifying tower, squeezing solid-phase wine dregs to squeeze water to enable the water content to be 50%, then adding 5% of gastrin, 7% of corn flour, 1.3% of cane sugar and 0.8% of salt by mass of straws, putting the mixture into a fermentation tank or a fermentation tank for fermentation, keeping the temperature of the fermentation tank or the fermentation tank at 35 ℃, keeping the fermentation time at 6d, and mixing the fermentation product with animal feed according to the ratio of 3: 1 mixing to obtain the blended feed.
Example two
The embodiment provides a method for preparing alcohol and feed by utilizing potato straws, which comprises the following steps:
s1: pretreatment of potato straw
Cutting off root hairs of potato straws after potatoes are harvested in the current year, cleaning off soil, drying in the sun, crushing into 60-mesh material residues by using a solid crusher, and steaming for 20min in a steamer; cooling, and then mixing the raw materials according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1: 3, pretreating the reagent in the straw powder, putting the pretreated reagent into a pot, sealing the pot, and carrying out pretreatment for 5 days while keeping the temperature at 40 ℃; filtering, washing the filter residue with water to neutrality, and air drying the filter residue. Wherein, the pretreatment reagent comprises a mixture of 2: 1 of 3 wt.% sodium hydroxide solution and 1 wt.% hydrogen peroxide solution.
S2: saccharification and fermentation
The dried filter residue is put into a fermentation tank or a fermentation tank, about 75 percent of the total volume of the fermentation tank is used for putting straw powder, then white sugar, cellulase, diastase, distiller's yeast and water are added into the tank and fully stirred uniformly, the pH value in the tank is adjusted to 4.6 by citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution, the tank is covered by a plastic film, and the periphery of the tank is tightly pressed, so that anaerobic conditions are caused in the tank, and fermentation is facilitated. Wherein, the temperature of the fermentation tank is kept at 20 ℃, the potato straws are fermented for 9d, the potato straws are required to be stirred up and down once a day during the fermentation period so as to be fully fermented, the temperature is observed at regular time, and the fermentation process is finished when the temperature stops rising. The amount of each raw material component is calculated by straws, the adding amount of white sugar is 2%, the adding amount of cellulase is 0.5%, saccharifying enzyme is 5%, Angel yeast is 2% and water is 60%; before use, the Angel yeast needs to be cultured by yeast: adding yeast into water with a temperature of 30 deg.C and a Brix (BX) of 3%, stirring, standing for 30min, and adding Angel yeast into the cooled material to obtain distiller's yeast.
S3: distillation
The fermented raw materials are put into a steamer for distillation, the materials are fed in the steamer in the presence of gas, the materials fed into the steamer are light, loose, thin, uniform, free of gas blockage and free of gas cross-flow, the materials are tightly sealed after the feeding is finished, then the distillation is started by using the traditional distillation process, and liquid-phase primary products of alcohol and solid-phase wine residues are obtained by condensing steam.
S4: preparing mixed feed
Rectifying liquid-phase primary product alcohol into absolute alcohol through a rectifying tower, squeezing solid-phase wine dregs to squeeze out water to enable the water content to be 40%, then adding 7% of gastrin according to the mass of straws, simultaneously adding 10% of corn flour, 0.5% of cane sugar and 1.2% of salt, putting the mixture into a fermentation tank or a fermentation tank for fermentation, keeping the temperature of the fermentation tank or the fermentation tank at 20 ℃, keeping the fermentation time at 8d, and mixing the fermentation product with animal feed according to the ratio of 3: 1 mixing to obtain the blended feed.
EXAMPLE III
The embodiment provides a method for preparing alcohol and feed by utilizing potato straws, which comprises the following steps:
s1: pretreatment of potato straw
Cutting off root hairs of potato straws after potatoes are harvested in the current year, cleaning off soil, drying in the sun, crushing into 60-mesh material residues by using a solid crusher, and steaming in a steamer for 30 min; cooling, and then mixing the raw materials according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1: 2.5 pretreating the reagent in the straw powder, putting the straw powder into a pot, sealing, and carrying out pretreatment for 5 days while keeping the temperature at 45 ℃; filtering, washing the filter residue with water to neutrality, and air drying the filter residue. Wherein, the pretreatment reagent comprises a mixture of 2: 1 of 2 wt.% sodium hydroxide solution and 2 wt.% hydrogen peroxide solution.
S2: saccharification and fermentation
The dried filter residue is put into a fermentation tank or a fermentation tank, about 60 percent of the total volume of the fermentation tank is used for putting straw powder, then white sugar, cellulase, glucoamylase, distiller's yeast and water are added into the fermentation tank or the fermentation tank and then are fully and uniformly stirred, the pH value in the fermentation tank or the fermentation tank is adjusted to 4.7 by citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution, the fermentation tank or the fermentation tank is covered by a plastic film, and the periphery of the fermentation tank or the fermentation tank is tightly pressed, so that anaerobic conditions are caused in the fermentation tank or the fermentation tank, and fermentation is facilitated. Wherein, the temperature of the fermentation tank or the fermentation tank is kept at 25 ℃, the potato straws are fermented for 8d, the potato straws are required to be stirred up and down once a day during the fermentation period so as to be fully fermented, the temperature is observed at regular time, and the fermentation process is finished when the temperature stops rising. The amount of each raw material component is calculated by straws, the adding amount of white sugar is 1.5%, the adding amount of cellulase is 0.8%, saccharifying enzyme is 3%, Angel yeast is 3% and water is 50%; before use, the Angel yeast needs to be cultured by yeast: adding yeast into water with a temperature of 30 deg.C and a Brix (BX) of 3%, stirring, standing for 30min, and adding Angel yeast into the cooled material to obtain distiller's yeast.
S3: distillation
The fermented raw materials are put into a steamer for distillation, the materials are fed in the steamer in the presence of gas, the materials fed into the steamer are light, loose, thin, uniform, free of gas blockage and free of gas cross-flow, the materials are tightly sealed after the feeding is finished, then the distillation is started by using the traditional distillation process, and liquid-phase primary products of alcohol and solid-phase wine residues are obtained by condensing steam.
S4: preparing mixed feed
Rectifying liquid-phase primary product alcohol into anhydrous alcohol through a rectifying tower, squeezing solid-phase wine dregs to squeeze out water to enable the water content to be 50%, then adding 6% of gastrin according to the mass of the straw, simultaneously adding about 8% of corn flour, 1% of cane sugar and 1% of salt, putting the mixture into a fermentation tank for fermentation, keeping the temperature of the fermentation tank at 25 ℃ for 7d, and mixing the fermentation product with animal feed according to the ratio of 3: 1 mixing to obtain the blended feed.
Example four
The embodiment provides a method for preparing alcohol and feed by utilizing potato straws, which comprises the following steps:
s1: pretreatment of potato straw
Cutting off root hairs of potato straws after potatoes are harvested in the current year, cleaning off soil, drying in the sun, crushing into 60-mesh material residues by using a solid crusher, and steaming in a steamer for 30 min; cooling, and then mixing the raw materials according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1: 2.5 pretreating the reagent in the straw powder, putting the straw powder into a pot, sealing, and carrying out pretreatment for 5 days while keeping the temperature at 45 ℃; filtering, washing the filter residue with water to neutrality, and air drying the filter residue. Wherein, the pretreatment reagent comprises a mixture of 2: 1 of 2 wt.% sodium hydroxide solution and 2 wt.% hydrogen peroxide solution, 0.3% by mass of sorbitol based on the sodium hydroxide solution, 2% by mass of hydroxylamine hydrochloride based on the sodium hydroxide solution.
S2: saccharification and fermentation
The dried filter residue is put into a fermentation tank or a fermentation tank, about 60 percent of the total volume of the fermentation tank or the fermentation tank is used for placing straw powder, then white sugar, cellulase, glucoamylase, distiller's yeast and water are added into the fermentation tank or the fermentation tank and then fully and uniformly stirred, the pH value in the tank is adjusted to 4.7 by citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution, the tank is covered by a plastic film, and the periphery of the tank is tightly pressed, so that anaerobic conditions are caused in the fermentation tank or the fermentation tank, and fermentation is facilitated. Wherein, the temperature of the fermentation tank or the fermentation tank is kept at 25 ℃, the potato straws are fermented for 8d, the potato straws are required to be stirred up and down once a day during the fermentation period so as to be fully fermented, the temperature is observed at regular time, and the fermentation process is finished when the temperature stops rising. The amount of each raw material component is calculated by straws, the adding amount of white sugar is 1.5%, the adding amount of cellulase is 0.8%, saccharifying enzyme is 3%, Angel yeast is 4% and water is 50%; before use, the Angel yeast needs to be cultured by yeast: adding yeast into water with a temperature of 30 deg.C and a Brix (BX) of 3%, stirring, standing for 30min, and adding Angel yeast into the cooled material to obtain distiller's yeast.
S3: distillation
The fermented raw materials are put into a steamer for distillation, the materials are fed in the steamer in the presence of gas, the materials fed into the steamer are light, loose, thin, uniform, free of gas blockage and free of gas cross-flow, the materials are tightly sealed after the feeding is finished, then the distillation is started by using the traditional distillation process, and liquid-phase primary products of alcohol and solid-phase wine residues are obtained by condensing steam.
S4: preparing mixed feed
Rectifying liquid-phase primary product alcohol into anhydrous alcohol through a rectifying tower, squeezing solid-phase wine dregs to squeeze out water to enable the water content to be 50%, then adding 8% of gastrin according to the mass of the straw, simultaneously adding about 9% of corn flour, 1% of cane sugar and 1% of salt, putting the mixture into a fermentation tank for fermentation, keeping the temperature of the fermentation tank at 25 ℃ for 7d, and mixing the fermentation product with animal feed according to the ratio of 3: 1 mixing to obtain the blended feed.
In addition, in order to further highlight the advantages of the technical solution of the present invention, the following comparative experiment was performed.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example is set up on the basis of example three.
The comparative example provides a method for preparing alcohol and feed by using potato straws, which comprises the following steps:
s1: pretreatment of potato straw
Cutting off root hairs of potato straws after potatoes are harvested in the current year, cleaning off soil, drying in the sun, crushing into 60-mesh material residues by using a solid crusher, and steaming in a steamer for 30 min; cooling, and then mixing the raw materials according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1: 2.5 pretreating the reagent in the straw powder, putting the straw powder into a pot, sealing, and carrying out pretreatment for 5 days while keeping the temperature at 45 ℃; filtering, washing the filter residue with water to neutrality, and air drying the filter residue. Wherein, the pretreatment reagent is 2 wt.% hydrogen peroxide solution.
S2: saccharification and fermentation
The dried filter residue is put into a fermentation tank or a fermentation tank, about 60 percent of the total volume of the fermentation tank or the fermentation tank is used for placing straw powder, then white sugar, cellulase, glucoamylase, distiller's yeast and water are added into the fermentation tank or the fermentation tank and then fully and uniformly stirred, the pH value in the tank is adjusted to 4.7 by citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution, the tank is covered by a plastic film, and the periphery of the tank is tightly pressed, so that anaerobic conditions are caused in the fermentation tank or the fermentation tank, and fermentation is facilitated. Wherein, the temperature of the fermentation tank or the fermentation tank is kept at 25 ℃, the potato straws are fermented for 8d, the potato straws are required to be stirred up and down once a day during the fermentation period so as to be fully fermented, the temperature is observed at regular time, and the fermentation process is finished when the temperature stops rising. The amount of each raw material component is calculated by straws, the adding amount of white sugar is 1.5%, the adding amount of cellulase is 0.8%, saccharifying enzyme is 3%, Angel yeast is 3% and water is 50%; before use, the Angel yeast needs to be cultured by yeast: adding yeast into water with a temperature of 30 deg.C and a Brix (BX) of 3%, stirring, standing for 30min, and adding Angel yeast into the cooled material to obtain distiller's yeast.
S3: distillation
The fermented raw materials are put into a steamer for distillation, the materials are fed in the steamer in the presence of gas, the materials fed into the steamer are light, loose, thin, uniform, free of gas blockage and free of gas cross-flow, the materials are tightly sealed after the feeding is finished, then the distillation is started by using the traditional distillation process, and liquid-phase primary products of alcohol and solid-phase wine residues are obtained by condensing steam.
S4: preparing mixed feed
Rectifying liquid-phase primary product alcohol into anhydrous alcohol through a rectifying tower, squeezing solid-phase wine dregs to squeeze out water to enable the water content to be 50%, then adding 6% of gastrin according to the mass of the straw, simultaneously adding about 8% of corn flour, 1% of cane sugar and 1% of salt, putting the mixture into a fermentation tank for fermentation, keeping the temperature of the fermentation tank at 25 ℃ for 7d, and mixing the fermentation product with animal feed according to the ratio of 3: 1 mixing to obtain the blended feed.
Comparative example No. two
The comparative example is set up on the basis of example four.
The embodiment provides a method for preparing alcohol and feed by utilizing potato straws, which comprises the following steps:
s1: pretreatment of potato straw
Cutting off root hairs of potato straws after potatoes are harvested in the current year, cleaning off soil, drying in the sun, crushing into 60-mesh material residues by using a solid crusher, and steaming in a steamer for 30 min; cooling, and then mixing the raw materials according to the solid-liquid ratio of 1: 2.5 pretreating the reagent in the straw powder, putting the straw powder into a pot, sealing, and carrying out pretreatment for 5 days while keeping the temperature at 45 ℃; filtering, washing the filter residue with water to neutrality, and air drying the filter residue. Wherein the pretreatment reagent is 2 wt.% sodium hydroxide solution, sorbitol accounting for 0.3% of the mass of the sodium hydroxide solution.
S2: saccharification and fermentation
The dried filter residue is put into a fermentation tank, about 60 percent of the total volume of the fermentation tank is used for placing straw powder, then white sugar, cellulase, diastase, distiller's yeast and water are added into the tank and fully stirred uniformly, the pH value in the tank is adjusted to 4.7 by citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution, the tank is covered by a plastic film, and the periphery of the tank is tightly pressed, so that anaerobic conditions are caused in the tank, and fermentation is facilitated. Wherein, the temperature of the fermentation tank is kept at 25 ℃, the potato straws are fermented for 8d, the potato straws are required to be stirred up and down once a day during the fermentation period so as to be fully fermented, the temperature is observed at regular time, and the fermentation process is finished when the temperature stops rising. The amount of each raw material component is calculated by straws, the adding amount of white sugar is 1.5%, the adding amount of cellulase is 0.8%, saccharifying enzyme is 3%, Angel yeast is 4% and water is 50%; before use, the Angel yeast needs to be cultured by yeast: adding yeast into water with a temperature of 30 deg.C and a Brix (BX) of 3%, stirring, standing for 30min, and adding Angel yeast into the cooled material to obtain distiller's yeast.
S3: distillation
The fermented raw materials are put into a steamer for distillation, the materials are fed in the steamer in the presence of gas, the materials fed into the steamer are light, loose, thin, uniform, free of gas blockage and free of gas cross-flow, the materials are tightly sealed after the feeding is finished, then the distillation is started by using the traditional distillation process, and liquid-phase primary products of alcohol and solid-phase wine residues are obtained by condensing steam.
S4: preparing mixed feed
Rectifying liquid-phase primary product alcohol into anhydrous alcohol through a rectifying tower, squeezing solid-phase wine dregs to squeeze out water to enable the water content to be 50%, then adding 8% of gastrin according to the mass of the straw, simultaneously adding about 9% of corn flour, 1% of cane sugar and 1% of salt, putting the mixture into a fermentation tank for fermentation, keeping the temperature of the fermentation tank at 25 ℃ for 7d, and mixing the fermentation product with animal feed according to the ratio of 3: 1 mixing to obtain the blended feed.
In addition, the alcohol and formulated feed obtained in each example and comparative example of the present invention were systematically evaluated for their efficacy by functional tests:
alcohol yield determination of one, each example and comparative example
The yields of alcohol primary products of the examples and comparative examples were measured, and the specific data are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 tabulation of alcohol primary product yields for each example and comparative example
Second, the effect evaluation of the trial feed prepared by each example and comparative example
The prepared feed obtained in each embodiment and comparative example of the invention is used for feeding pigs, daily feed intake of the pigs and health conditions of the pigs are recorded every day, wherein the initial weight of each embodiment and comparative example is 30-50 kg. Specifically, weighing on an empty stomach in the morning, and counting the residual feed amount; the feed-meat ratio, namely the feed amount consumed by the raised livestock and poultry for increasing one kilogram per day, is an index for measuring the livestock, poultry and fish production performance of meat products obtained by feeding the feed; the pig industry refers to the increase in gross weight of pigs by the weight of feed consumed by one kilogram. Specifically, the initial weight, final weight, and daily feed consumption of pigs in each experimental group and control group were recorded, and then the daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio of each pig were calculated and averaged, as shown in table 2. In addition, the color of the pig hair is bright, the condition of fat is good, and the meat quality is excellent.
TABLE 2 Experimental evaluation of the effect of formulated feed in examples and comparative examples
| Daily gain (g/d) | Meat ratio of materials | |
| Example one | 467 | 4.32：1 |
| Example two | 455 | 4.12：1 |
| EXAMPLE III | 483 | 3.98：1 |
| Example four | 506 | 3.46：1 |
| Comparative example 1 | 401 | 5.20：1 |
| Comparative example No. two | 412 | 4.54：1 |
It should be noted that, in addition to the cases exemplified in the first to fourth examples, it is also feasible to select other raw material component ratios and preparation method parameters.
The invention adopts potato straws as the raw material for preparing the biomass liquid fuel ethanol, has sufficient sources and low price, and avoids resource waste, thereby opening up a new way for utilizing rural wastes; and as a convenient renewable energy resource, the composite material can remarkably reduce the environmental pollution and increase the income of farmers, has wide application value and is suitable for large-scale industrial application.
It is to be noted that, unless otherwise specified, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the relative steps, numerical expressions, and values of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. In all examples shown and described herein, unless otherwise specified, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not restrictive, and thus other examples of example embodiments may have different values.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "first", "second" and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and all of the technical solutions are covered in the protective scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for preparing alcohol and feed by using straws is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: cleaning, crushing and steaming the straws, then pretreating, filtering, washing filter residues to be neutral, and collecting the filter residues;
s2: drying the filter residue obtained in the step S1, and then carrying out saccharification and fermentation to obtain a fermentation product;
s3: distilling the fermentation product, and collecting to obtain a liquid phase product and a solid phase product;
s4: further processing the liquid phase product into alcohol, and further processing the solid phase product into feed;
in said S1:
the steps of cleaning, crushing and steaming the straws comprise: cutting off root hairs of the straws harvested in the current year, cleaning soil, drying in the sun or in the air, crushing into material residues with 30-60 meshes, and then putting the material residues into a steamer to steam for 20-40 min;
the pretreatment specifically comprises: adding a pretreatment reagent into the steamed straw powder, sealing and keeping the temperature at 40-50 ℃, and treating for 4-5 d; wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the straw powder to the pretreatment reagent is 1: 2-1: 3, the pretreatment reagent comprises a mixture of 2: 1, wherein the mass percentage concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 1-3%, and the mass percentage concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 1-3%;
in said S1:
the pretreatment reagent comprises the following raw material components of sorbitol and hydroxylamine hydrochloride, wherein the mass of the sorbitol accounts for 0.2-0.5% of the mass of the sodium hydroxide solution, and the mass of the hydroxylamine hydrochloride accounts for 2-3% of the mass of the sodium hydroxide solution.
2. The method for preparing alcohol and feed by using straw as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in said S2:
the saccharification and fermentation conditions specifically comprise: putting the dried filter residues into a fermentation tank or a fermentation tank, wherein 40% -75% of the total volume of the fermentation tank or the fermentation tank is used for discharging straw powder, adding white sugar, cellulase, glucoamylase, distiller's yeast and water into the fermentation tank or the fermentation tank, fully and uniformly stirring, adjusting the pH value in the fermentation tank or the fermentation tank to 4.6-4.8, and then performing anaerobic fermentation; wherein the temperature of the fermentation tank or the fermentation tank is kept between 20 and 35 ℃, and the fermentation time is kept between 7 and 9 days.
3. The method for preparing alcohol and feed by using straw as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in said S2:
based on the mass of the straw, the adding amount of the white sugar is 1-2%, the adding amount of the cellulase is 0.5-1%, the adding amount of the saccharifying enzyme is 2-5%, the adding amount of the yeast is 2-5% and the adding amount of the water is 40-60%;
and adjusting the pH value by adopting a buffer solution, wherein the buffer solution is HAc-NaAc mixed solution or citric acid-sodium citrate mixed solution.
4. The method for preparing alcohol and feed by using straw as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in said S3:
the distillation specifically comprises retort filling distillation and common distillation; wherein, in the retort filling and distillation, the feeding is carried out after the gas is observed in the retort; in the ordinary distillation, a liquid phase obtained by condensing vapor is collected.
5. The method for preparing alcohol and feed by using straws according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized in that:
the straws are potato straws.
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