CN108292007A

CN108292007A - Guiding device and its manufacturing method

Info

Publication number: CN108292007A
Application number: CN201680066890.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 巴尔·姆昆德·达尔
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2015-09-10
Filing date: 2016-09-09
Publication date: 2018-07-17
Also published as: EP3347750A1; WO2017044751A1

Abstract

A kind of guiding device and its manufacturing method, which can redirect the light irradiated in big incident angle range on the apparatus, and can assemble light without using tracking system.The device is captured light in the device using the refracting condition of total internal reflection and nearly total internal reflection (nearly TIR) critical angle.

Description

Guiding device and its manufacturing method

Background technology

This introduction is related to a kind of guiding device and its manufacturing method.More specifically, this introduction is related to one kind for collecting light And convey the guiding device and its manufacturing method of collected light.

As photoconductive tube, optical fiber and the guiding device of slab guide have utilized total internal reflection (TIR) principle for close in light The propagation of interface guiding light beam between medium and optically thinner medium.Traditionally, photoconductive tube (or optical fiber) needs the angle in light Falling into will be pumped into light wherein from the end of pipe (or optical fiber) in the case where wherein guiding in the reception cone of pipe of light.In addition to Except light propagation, guiding device is used also as solar concentrator light to be gathered in zonule.However, since the sun is opposite In the continuously movement of the earth, solar concentrator needs tracking system, this is because solar concentrator is only in the sun Relative to working in certain fixed small angle ranges of solar concentrator.Moreover, many such guiding devices are suitable It is bulky.

Accordingly, it is desirable to develop a kind of novel optic device for capableing of optically focused without using tracking system.Also need to one kind The novel optic device that light on the apparatus is irradiated in large-scale incident angle can be redirected.

Invention content

Following discloses a kind of guiding device and its manufacturing method, which can be without using tracking system (low concentration Degree) or it is limited using in the case of tracking system (high concentration degree) by from side in wide angle of incidence range illumination in the dress The light set redirects and assembles light.

A kind of innovation thinking presented in the disclosure also relies on the special behavior in Snell's law, in the prior art In be not yet clearly utilized.When light is incident on the angle of (1-3 degree) more slightly smaller than the critical angle of total internal reflection from compact medium When on sparse medium, refraction angle variation is highly sensitive relative to incidence angle variation.For example, for glass/air interface, it is low 1 degree is reduced in the incidence angle of critical angle, refraction angle can be changed 12 degree.5 can be changed by refraction angle by further decreasing 1 degree Degree.In the disclosure, it in conjunction with the effect well known in refraction and total internal reflection at optical interface, is utilized close complete interior anti- Penetrate this abnormal bendingof light effect of condition (referred to here as nearly TIR).

On the one hand, present disclose provides a kind of guiding devices for the core for having and limiting longitudinal axis.Core includes the One optical clear part, the first optical clear part include the first optical medium for having first refractive index；And second optics Transparent part, the second optical clear part include the second optical medium with the second refractive index, the first optical clear part and Interface definition shape between second optical clear part.The shape, first refractive index and the second refractive index be configured so that into The light for entering core is deflected in interface at a certain angle, when light is radiated on the interface core covering (cladding), to make light With the angular illumination of the critical angle at least equal to total internal reflection on core clad interface.

In one embodiment, shape includes the first truncated cones of the first half-angle, wherein the center of the first truncated cones The longitudinal axis of axis and core essentially coincides.

In one embodiment, core further comprises third optical clear part, and third optical clear part includes the Three optical mediums, third optical clear part have a common boundary with the second optical clear part to limit central cylinder.Third optics is situated between Matter can be air or vacuum.Second optical medium can be identical as third optical medium.

In one embodiment, which further comprises the second truncated cones of the second half-angle, second truncated cones Central axis and core longitudinal axis it is substantially coincident.Second half-angle is more than the first half-angle.The lower base of first truncated cones Portion's circumference and the lower base portion circumference of the second truncated cones coincide.The upper base portion circumference and center circle of first and second truncated cones The curved side of cylinder essentially coincides.The lower base portion circumference of first truncated cones and the lower base portion circumference of the second truncated cones are basic It overlaps.

In one embodiment, the range of the first half-angle is up to about 75 degree at about 0.05 degree, and the range of the second half-angle exists About 2 degree to about 85 degree.

In one embodiment, the second truncated cones include half-conical truncated cones, and the first truncated cones include half Circular cone truncated cones.

In one embodiment, the first refractive index of the first optical medium is in the range of about 1.4 to about 2.4, and Second refractive index of two optical mediums is in the range of about 1.3 to about 2.2.

In one embodiment, the shape include multiple first half-angles the first truncated cones and multiple second half-angles Two truncated cones, wherein the central axis of the first and second truncated cones and the longitudinal axis of core are substantially coincident.First section One in tip circle cone includes upper base portion circumference, the upper base of the adjacent truncated cones on this in base portion circumference and the second truncated cones Portion's circumference overlaps.

In one aspect, present disclose provides a kind of guiding devices comprising limits the core of longitudinal axis；And core On covering.Covering includes the implicit structure having in the first optical medium and embedded optical medium of first refractive index.It includes Structure includes the second optical medium with the second refractive index.Implicit structure limit the first optical medium and the second optical medium it Between interface.Implicit structure, first refractive index and the second refractive index are configured so that the light being incident on interface is accordingly totally internally reflected And to be propagated at scheduled glancing angle relative to longitudinal axis.Light from the normal direction basically perpendicular to longitudinal axis at pre- Fixed angular range is incident on covering.

In one embodiment, interface has one kind in cone, half cone-shaped, parabolic cone and ellipse.It is interior Surface containing structure can be veining, and the second optical medium can be air.Implicit structure can have half-conical Shape.Core can have semi-cylindrical form, and core can be taper.

In one embodiment, the cross section of covering has by the periphery of the shape selected in the following group constituted：Circle, N The bounded shape of side shape, ellipse, semicircle and two circular arcs, wherein N are natural number of the range from 3 to 100.In one embodiment In, the first refractive index range of the first optical medium of covering is from about 1.3 to about 1.8.

In one embodiment, core includes at least one optically transparent medium, and the optical clear of cylindrical core is situated between The refractive index of matter is more than the refractive index of the first optical medium of covering.

In one embodiment, core includes：First optical clear part comprising the third light with third reflect rate Learn medium；And the second optical clear part comprising the 4th optical medium with fourth refractive index；Third optical clear portion Divide the interface definition shape between the 4th optical clear part；The shape, third reflect rate and fourth refractive index are configured to make The light obtained into core deflects at a certain angle in interface, when light is radiated on core clad interface, to make light at least Equal to total internal reflection critical angle angular illumination on core clad interface.

In one embodiment, which includes the first truncated cones of the first half-angle, wherein in the first truncated cones The longitudinal axis of mandrel line and core is substantially coincident.Cylindrical core body further comprises third transparent part, third hyalomere It includes third optical medium to divide, and third transparent part is had a common boundary with the second transparent part to limit centered cylinder.The shape is further The second truncated cones including the second half-angle, the central axis of the second truncated cones and the longitudinal axis of cylindrical core are substantially heavy It closes.

On the one hand, the present invention provides a kind of guiding devices comprising limits the core of longitudinal axis, the packet on core Super covering (super-cladding layer) on layer and covering.Covering is configured to make to be incident on the deflection of the light on covering, Light with the normal direction basically perpendicular to longitudinal axis at predetermined angular range to be incident on covering.Light be deflected by relative to Longitudinal axis forms the direction of glancing angle.Super covering includes the first optically transparent medium for receiving incident light.Second optical clear Medium and the first optically transparent medium have a common boundary to limit heterogeneous interface.Heterogeneous interface includes multiple bipyramid shapes.

On the one hand, present disclose provides a kind of guiding devices including super covering, wherein super covering includes receiving incidence First optically transparent medium of light；And has a common boundary with the first optically transparent medium and be situated between with the second optical clear for limiting heterogeneous interface Matter, wherein heterogeneous interface include multiple shapes；Each shape configuration in multiple shapes for will with substantially perpendicular to longitudinal direction The normal direction of axis deflects into the second predetermined angular range at the light beam that the first predetermined angular range is incident on super covering.

In one embodiment, guiding device further includes the core for limiting longitudinal axis；The covering being arranged on core, Middle covering is configured to make to be incident on the deflection of the light on covering, light from the normal direction substantially perpendicular to longitudinal axis at the It is incident in two predetermined angular ranges；Light is deflected by the direction that glancing angle is formed relative to longitudinal axis.Multiple shapes include more A bipyramid shape；And the surface of the adjacent bipyramid shape of two of which to angle in the range of about 2 degree to about 30 degree.

In one embodiment, the refractive index of the first optically transparent medium is in the range of about 1.3 to about 2.4, and The refractive index of two optically transparent mediums is in the range of about 1.3 to about 2.4.First optically transparent medium and the second optical clear are situated between The refringence of matter can be in the range of about 0.01 to about 0.30.Super covering is configured to have relative to normal direction about The light beam of incidence angle within ± 30 degree is converted to relative to the angle within about ± 5 degree of normal direction or the smaller number of degrees Light beam.

In one embodiment, core includes third optical clear part, and third optical clear part includes having first First optical medium of refractive index；And the 4th optical clear part, the 4th optical clear part include having the second refractive index The second optical medium；Interface definition shape between third optical clear part and the 4th optical clear part；The shape, One refractive index and the second refractive index are configured so that the light into core deflects at a certain angle in interface, to be radiated in light When on core-clad interface, make light with the angular illumination of the critical angle at least equal to total internal reflection on core clad interface.

In one embodiment, which includes the first truncated cones of the first half-angle, wherein in the first truncated cones The longitudinal axis of mandrel line and core is substantially coincident.

In one embodiment, covering includes having the third optical clear part of first refractive index and being embedded in third light Learn the implicit structure in medium；Implicit structure includes the 4th optical medium with the second refractive index；Implicit structure limits third Interface between optical medium and the 4th optical medium；Implicit structure, first refractive index and the second refractive index be configured so that into The light being mapped on interface is accordingly totally internally reflected and to be propagated at predetermined glancing angle relative to longitudinal axis；Light from basically perpendicular to The normal direction of longitudinal axis is at the incidence of scheduled angular range.Glancing angle can be in the range of about 0.1 degree to about 40 degree.

In one aspect, present disclose provides a kind of solar panels comprising the guiding device for receiving sunlight, it should Guiding device includes multiple parallel photoconductive tubes and the photovoltaic cell for the end for being optically connected to parallel photoconductive tube.Each photoconductive tube The core of normal direction including limiting longitudinal axis and substantially perpendicular to longitudinal axis；Covering on core, wherein wrapping Layer is configured to sunlight from the first predetermined angular range (in the exemplary embodiment about ± 5 degree) relative to normal direction Be converted to the direction that glancing angle is formed relative to longitudinal axis；And the collimation layer on covering, wherein collimation layer be configured to by Sunlight is from the incidence relative to normal direction in the second predetermined angular range (being about ± 30 degree in the exemplary embodiment) Angular transition is the angle relative to normal direction in the first predetermined angular range (being about ± 5 degree in the exemplary embodiment) Degree.

In one embodiment, solar panels further comprise being located at the reflector below guiding device, which uses Guiding device is returned in the light reflection that will escape out.

In one embodiment, guiding device is made of the multilayer heap of a variety of optical mediums so that between each medium Interface is made of the slant edge lens array of the predetermined angular of the prism facets with each interface.Constitute the face of the slant edge mirror of specific interface Angle be chosen to enter the light of guiding device in nearly TIR or close normal incidences or TIR or folding with fixed angle range It is irradiated under conditions of penetrating, to obtain efficient optical coupling of the input light of wide range in light guide.On the one hand, core is limited It is different to realize on one of prism face that the slant edge lens array interface of body is designed so that light is radiated under the conditions of nearly TIR Ordinary light is bent and breaks the angle symmetry of light to realize that light captures.

On the one hand, present disclose provides a kind of methods of manufacture leaded light component.This method is included in the first optical clear Multiple protrusions are formed on the surface of material；Multiple recesses are formed on the surface of the second optically transparent material；In multiple recesses Each recess configuration is to make the shape of each recess similar to the shape that each of multiple protrusions are raised, described each recessed The size of each protrusion described in the size ratio of mouth is big；And by the surface-assembled of the first optically transparent material in the second optics On the surface of transparent material so that space is arranged between the surfaces, and the position of each protrusion corresponds to each recess Position, multiple include part to be formed.In one embodiment, in the space of air setting between the surfaces.In a reality It applies in example, this method further includes the substantially invariable third optical lens of deposition thickness on the surface of the first optically transparent material Bright material layer；The thickness of the substantial constant is configured so that the shape on the surface of the first optically transparent material is depositing It is substantially consistent with the shape on the surface of the second optically transparent material later；Wherein after assembling, third optical clear Material is arranged in the space between protrusion and recess.

Description of the drawings

The disclosure is read in conjunction with the figure, wherein：

Fig. 1 (a) shows the guiding device with core and covering of the different embodiments according to the disclosure to 1 (d)；

Fig. 2 (a) shows the guiding device with core of the different embodiments according to the disclosure to 2 (d)；

Fig. 3 shows the guiding device with core, covering and super covering of one embodiment according to the disclosure；

Fig. 4 (a) and 4 (b) show the guiding device with core and covering of one embodiment according to the disclosure Ray trajectory figure；

Fig. 5 shows the light of the guiding device with core, covering and super covering of one embodiment according to the disclosure Line tracking figure；

Fig. 6 (a) shows the light rail of the guiding device with core of the different embodiments according to the disclosure to 6 (c) Mark figure；

Fig. 7 shows the perspective view of the solar panels including guiding device array of one embodiment according to the disclosure；

Fig. 8 (a) to 8 (g) show including according to the system of the guiding device arrays of the different embodiments of the disclosure not Same view；

Fig. 8 (e1) to 8 (e4) shows the plane with lens type heterogeneous interface of the different embodiments according to the disclosure The design variations of sandwich layer；

Fig. 9 (a) shows the plane guiding device of the different embodiments according to the disclosure to 9 (f)；

Fig. 9 (a1) to 9 (a3) shows the optional construction of the planar concentrating device of the different embodiments according to the disclosure；

Fig. 9 (b1) shows the planar concentrating device by being formed between each other at the multiple layer polymer of specific interface geometry Exemplary design；

Fig. 9 (b2) to 9 (b5) is the exemplary ray trace simulation designed shown in Fig. 9 (b1)；

Figure 10 (a) shows the strategy about material selection of the different embodiments according to the disclosure to 10 (c)；

Figure 11 (a) and 11 (b) show the method for manufacturing guiding device of one embodiment according to the disclosure；

Figure 11 (c) is the flow chart according to the manufacturing method of one embodiment of the disclosure；

Figure 11 (d) is the flow chart according to the manufacturing method of the planar-light guide of one embodiment of the disclosure；

Figure 12 (a) shows the intelligent window using guiding device of one embodiment according to the disclosure；

Figure 12 (b) shows the lighting device using guiding device of one embodiment according to the disclosure；

Figure 12 (b1) shows the lighting apparatus of one embodiment according to the disclosure；

Figure 12 (b2) shows the operation of the lighting apparatus of Figure 12 (b1)；

Figure 12 (b2-a) shows one embodiment using asymmetric and symmetrical V-shaped groove interface；

Figure 12 (b3) shows lighting apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure；

Figure 12 (b4) shows the lighting apparatus of the another embodiment according to the disclosure；

Figure 12 (b5) shows application of the lighting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure in active display：

Figure 12 (b6) shows another application of the lighting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure in active display；

Figure 12 (b7) is shown using the another of the guide-lighting collimator of side-light type (edge-lit) described in being disclosed such as this patent One embodiment；

Figure 12 (b8) shows the vertical view of the embodiment of the rectangular light guide with oblique angle；

Figure 12 (b9) shows the vertical view of another embodiment of the rectangular light guide with oblique angle；

Figure 12 (b10) is shown for collimating the light into the vertical view to the embodiment on two axis；

Figure 12 (b11) show as this patent disclose described in round side-light type light guide vertical view；

Figure 12 (b12) shows the vertical view of the circular light guide of the deformation of embodiment shown in Figure 12 (b11)；

Figure 12 (b13) show as this patent disclose described in inside light formula light guide vertical view；

Figure 12 (c) shows the optics for room lighting for the guiding device for using one embodiment according to the disclosure Collector；

Figure 12 (d) shows the solar heat equipment for the guiding device for using one embodiment according to the disclosure；

Figure 12 (e) is shown is located at photovoltaic apparatus and module using according to the guiding device of one embodiment of the disclosure On optical laminating product；

Figure 12 (f) shows the light for the concentrator that shines for the guiding device for using one embodiment according to the disclosure Capture optical device；And

Figure 12 (g) shows that the optical pumping for laser for using the guiding device of one embodiment according to the disclosure is sent Equipment.

Specific implementation mode

Following discloses the guiding devices that light is collected into these introductions when light is irradiated to wide range on device In method and system.

In one example, this document describes a kind of device and method, it is used for the length along pipe from the side of photoconductive tube Optical pumping is entered photoconductive tube by degree, and to realize the Uniform Illumination on pipe, when light is advanced along the length of pipe, finally accumulation exists light In the core of photoconductive tube.This can be used for focusing on light in core.

Detailed description below be presently contemplated that implement these introduction optimal mode.The description is simultaneously unrestricted, And it is merely to illustrate that the purpose of the General Principle of these introductions, the range of these introductions is most preferably limited by appended claims It is fixed.Although relatively describing this introduction from different embodiments, it will be recognized that these introductions can also be in appended power There are various further and other embodiments in the spirit and scope that profit requires.

As it is used herein, unless the context clearly determines otherwise, otherwise singulative " one (a/an) " and "the" packet Include plural form.

Unless otherwise stated, the institute of expression composition quantity, reaction condition for being used in description and claims etc. There is number to be interpreted as being modified by term " about " in all cases.In addition, any quantity of the modifications such as term " about " should Be interpreted as include the quantity ± 10% range.

As used herein, " light " refers to electromagnetic radiation, and is not limited to the only visible range of wavelength.

Term " photoconductive tube ", " optical fiber " and " light pipe " is used to describe the guiding device of the disclosure and herein can be mutual below Change use.Embodiment is limited to by specific geometry using term light pipe.

Term " nearly TIR " is used herein to description light from compact medium with 7 degree of angle at most smaller than the critical angle of total internal reflection The case where degree is incident on sparse medium.

" oblique triangle " as used herein is the triangle that all sides have different length." slant edge mirror " as used herein is Its cross section is the prism of oblique triangle.As used in this " inclined ladder shape " be formed by truncated oblique triangle it is trapezoidal.

In one embodiment of the system of these introductions, by accumulating the light of wide angle of incidence to photoconductive tube array Light is set to focus in the compact design of photoconductive tube in core.Due to these introduction optical means can solve daytime and The variation of incidence angle in 1 year, therefore this eliminates the demand to solar tracking system.As described hereinafter, it uses The light pipe and plane concentrator of this side pumping of the design element of these introductions can be used for many applications, such as solar energy Plate, the intelligent window for generating electric power, room lighting, solar thermal energy, side pumping laser etc..

In one or more embodiments, the guiding device of these introductions includes the core for limiting longitudinal axis, in core On covering, covering includes the implicit structure of the first optical medium and embedded optical medium with first refractive index, this is interior Include the second optical medium with the second refractive index containing structure, implicit structure limits the first optical medium and the second optical medium Between interface, the light that implicit structure, first refractive index and the second refractive index are configured to make to be incident on interface is accordingly totally internally reflected And it is propagated with scheduled glancing angle relative to longitudinal axis；The light with normal direction at scheduled angular range incidence, normal direction base It is perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis in sheet.

In one example, the guiding device of these introductions includes：The core of longitudinal axis, the covering on core are limited, Covering includes the implicit structure having in the first optical medium and embedded optical medium of first refractive index, which includes The second optical medium with the second refractive index, the implicit structure limit the boundary between the first optical medium and the second optical medium Face, implicit structure, first refractive index and the second refractive index are configured to that light is made to be incident on interface under the conditions of nearly TIR conditions or TIR Above and it is subjected to significantly deflecting.Due to the destruction of the angular symmetry of light, this causes light capture in core.It should be noted that It is even if TIR conditions destroy the symmetry of light and help initially to capture light in the core, but to work as and caught using this light When obtaining mechanism, it is best that the long range of light, which is propagated not,.When nearly TIR is used as light catch mechanism, initial light is captured and is caught The propagation for obtaining light is all best.

In one example, one in being conically shaped of interface, half cone-shaped, parabola cone and ellipse Kind.

In another example, the surface of implicit structure is textured.

In another example, the second optical medium is air, but these introductions are not limited to the only example.

Although in embodiment shown in below, covering and core are shown as cylinder, many other geometries Also in the range of these introductions.For example, covering and core can be circle, the sides N shape, ellipse, semicircle or two circular arcs Bounded shape in one kind.In one embodiment, N is natural number of the range from 3 to 100.

In another example, implicit structure has half-conical shape, and core has semi-cylindrical form.Implement at one In example, the first refractive index of the first optical medium of covering is in the range of about 1.3 to about 2.2.

Although in embodiment shown in below, cone (or array of cone or semicircle cone) is shown as having circle Shape matrix.But it is implicit that matrix can be oval or polygon or parabola.

Unless otherwise indicated, the thickness of the size and optical layer of optical component can be in the range of 0.5 micron to 10 meters. The length of light guide can be 0.5 micron or more, and can have the part that optical component is not present along length.

Fig. 1 (a) shows that the guiding device of the different embodiments according to the disclosure, guiding device have core to 1 (d) 108 and covering 104.As shown in Fig. 1 (a) to Fig. 1 (d), guiding device 102 (or light pipe 102 or optical fiber 102) includes covering 104 With core 108.General method is that light is incident on the outer surface of light pipe 102 and is converted the light to relative to light pipe 102 Longitudinal axis 110 glancing incidence.For the glancing incidence light subsequently into the core 108 of optical fiber 102, core 108 includes capturing light The optical element propagated in core 108 and along the length of the optical fiber 102 in core 108.

As shown in Fig. 1 (a) to 1 (d), covering 104 includes transparent Jie of monolithic optical that there is the air of taper to include part 106 Matter.The refractive index of the medium is between 1.3 and 2.4.The half-angle of taper is selected as complete interior at compact medium/Air Interface Near the critical angle of reflection.That is, when light is with perpendicular to the angle incidence of the axis 110 of optical fiber 102, light is reflected simultaneously And relative to the axis of light pipe 102 110 at glancing incidence.The higher half-angle of taper contributes in broader angular range to obtain Light, this is because the light less than the normal angle of axis can also be accordingly totally internally reflected.Fig. 2 (a) is shown to 2 (d) according to this public affairs The guiding device with core 108 for the different embodiments opened.Light is captured in core 108 and is permitted by the sandwich layer optical device Perhaps light is propagated without any loss substantially.

Referring again to Fig. 1 (a) to Fig. 1 (d), shown in different elements it is described in further detail.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 (a), cylinder indicates to pump and propagate the optical fiber of light or photoconductive tube or light pipe 102. This structure is known as light pipe 102.It should be understood that the cross section of cylinder A1 be not necessarily it is circular.On the contrary, cylinder The cross section of A1 can be such as sides n shape (wherein n can be between 3 to 100) or ellipse or it is semicircle or by Two circular arcs define.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 (a), light pipe 102 has longitudinal axis 110.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 (a), the line perpendicular to the central axis 110 of light pipe 102 provides another axis. Orthogonal coordinate system is used in this embodiment, so that x-axis is always oriented along longitudinal axis 110, and y-axis is expressed as Longitudinal axis 112.Sagittal plane is defined as the cross section of light pipe 102 and is aligned with y-z plane.(it should be noted that the symbol Number not these introduction limitations.)

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 (a), the covering 104 of light pipe 102 is made of material (optically transparent medium).One In a example, the refractive index of the optically transparent material in covering is in the range of about 1.3 to about 2.2.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 (a), exists in covering 104 and include part 106, taper can be had by including part 106 Cross sectional shape.In an illustrated embodiment, it is that air includes part to include part.(it is used as including it should be noted that can use Other optical materials of part.) it is understood that the variation of this shape for including part 106 is feasible.The covering 106 Purpose is, being mapped to air in any illumination includes dense material/sky between part 106 and the optically transparent medium of covering 104 In the case of vapor interface, the light of total internal reflection is undergone into the glancing angle relative to 102 axis 110 of light pipe (in one embodiment For 40-0.1 degree).

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 (a), there are the cores 108 of light pipe 102, are further described below.The sandwich layer 108 include the one or more optically transparent mediums being arranged with geometry in particular, wherein at least one of core 108 medium High refractive index in the refractive index of clad material.At least one of core 108 material can be laser medium or by having The luminescent material of optical absorption characteristics forms.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 (a) -1 (b), the light being incident on 102 side of light pipe is faced with being higher than total internal reflection The angle at boundary angle is incident on optical medium-air and includes part interface.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 (a) -1 (b), the light of part interface reflection is included with graze from optical medium-air It is incident on core at angle (range is from about 35 degree to about zero degree in one example).

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 (b), air include part and Fig. 1 (a) to include part similar.Shown in Fig. 1 (b) The shape of embodiment is parabolic cone frustum shape.That is, the longitudinal cross-section of cone appears to parabolical one Point.When the light of wide angular aperture is directed in core 102, the seemingly optimal result of the structure.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 (c), show that the air with the shape similar with the shape of Fig. 1 (b) includes Part.As seen on longitudinal section, the taper profile of Fig. 1 (c) is convex parabola.It is understood that Fig. 1 (c) other not Similar shape is feasible, such as ellipsoid.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 (d), it includes one that the air of the cone with grain surface 122, which includes part 118, Or multiple textural characteristics.The shape of textural characteristics can be such as semicircle, quadrant, 1/8 circular arc.Grain surface 122 can also be parabola or elliptical section.Moreover, top surface 122 and bottom surface 124 be either spill, Can be convex, top convex/Bottom concave or top spill/bottom convex.These grain surfaces 122 and 124 may be used also To include the straight line with slope different from each other and/or the slope different from the slope of cone itself.It is individually bored at one Shape air, which includes on the surface of part 118, can 2-10 such textural characteristics.The texture of upper surface can be different from following table The texture in face.In one embodiment, the textural characteristics on surface 122 and 124 integrally may be constructed spiral air and include Part.

In addition, it is not shown, but it is understood that, tapered air includes the bottom of part 106,114,116 or 118 Face and top surface are not parallel, so that top surface 122 is the taper of high angle, and bottom surface 124 is the taper compared with low angle.Each taper The profile on surface can be any shape described above.

In addition, although not shown, it is understood that bottom surface relative to the angle of central axis can be 90 degree.By This, air includes part 106,114,116 and 118 by round base portion (its plane is perpendicular to the surface of central axis) and conical surface It limits.Conical surface can have any shape as described above.

Further, it is to be appreciated that air, which includes part, needs not be air or vacuum.For example, air include part can be with Optically transparent medium filled with refractive index less than the refractive index of the material of covering 104.

The ratio between the outer diameter of covering 104 and the outer diameter of core 108 can be in the range of the refractive index of clad material.As a result, The ratio should be in the range of about 1.3 to about 2.0.

In one or more other embodiments, core include the first optical clear part, the second optical clear part and Interface, the first optical clear part include the first optical medium for having first refractive index, and the second optical clear part includes tool There is the second optical medium of the second refractive index, the interface limit between the first optical clear part and the second optical clear part Shape shape, and the shape, first refractive index and the second refractive index are configured to keep the light into core inclined in interface at a certain angle Turn, to make light with the angular illumination of the critical angle at least equal to total internal reflection in core when illumination is mapped on core-clad interface On body clad interface.

In one or more other embodiments, core include the first optical clear part, the second optical clear part and Interface, the first optical clear part include the first optical medium for having first refractive index, and the second optical clear part includes tool There is the second optical medium of the second refractive index, the interface limit between the first optical clear part and the second optical clear part Shape shape, and the shape, first refractive index and the second refractive index are configured to make the light into core at least phase of the angle with nearly TIR Deng angular illumination to the interface between the first optical clear part and the second optical clear part on and be deflected so that it It is final to be captured in the core.

With reference to figure 2 (a) to Fig. 2 (d), the different embodiments of the core in the system of these introductions are shown, it is as follows What text was described in further detail.

One strategy of the optical design behind of the core 108 of these introductions is by two or more dissimilar materials Between generate asymmetric interface (relative to cylindrical surface) to change the angle of the light in core 108.Light is not right at these It by reflection (passing through total internal reflection, TIR) or is refracted at the heterogeneous interface of title, to irradiate the cylinder of covering-core again when light When interface, incidence angle is made to be more than the critical angle of total internal reflection in covering-core interface.Difference optical element described below (shown in such as Fig. 2 (a) to Fig. 2 (d)) illustrates the example of this method.One feature of this design is that identical optical element must Palpus initial acquisition enters the light of core 108, then repeatedly mutual with the light of capture during it is propagated along the length of light pipe 102 It acts on and does not promote away from core 108.It is by the heterogeneous interface in core by another strategy of the light capture in core Angle Selection is to make light to be incident on the interface with the angle for the critical angle for being slightly less than (0.1 to 7 degree) total internal reflection (nearly TIR conditions) On.As it was noted above, when light is close to when total internal reflection, a large amount of bending of light is had.In the way of return, light beam passes through interface Shi Buhui encounters the same terms of nearly TIR, and therefore angle does not return to original angle.Thus the angular symmetry of light It is destroyed in the core, causes light captured in the core.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 (a) to Fig. 2 (d), core 108, which has, to be similar to described in Fig. 1 (a) -1 (d) The cylindrical shape of core 108.(it should be noted that this is not the limitation to these introductions, the covering of core is not cylindrical Core covering embodiment also in the range of these introductions.) core 108 includes at least one optically transparent medium, folding Penetrate rate be always above (in the range of about 1.4 to about 2.4) covering medium refractive index and with can be cylindrical covering Form boundary.

In one example, the high-index material that the first optical medium 202 is tapered in.Second optical medium 208 is Air includes the material that part or refractive index are different from the refractive index of the first optical medium 202, can be tapered.Second optics is situated between The refractive index of matter 208 is preferably smaller than the refractive index of the first optical medium 202, in the first optical medium 202 and the second optics Jie Interface between matter 208 there is a possibility that total internal reflection.The half-angle at interface is in the range of about 0.05 degree to about 20 degree.Half Angle is chosen to be to be lowered in the case where the light being incident on core 108 from covering 104 is in shallower angle.Even if in light Incidence angle it is shallower when interface high angle can also direct light in core 108.Therefore, in the range of 5-20 degree slightly Micro- higher angle is preferred.

When the angle of conical interface is precipitous, heterogeneous interface boundary 206 is reduced to a bit very fast.Correspondingly, interface Boundary may include the conical interface 206 repeated between two kinds of dissimilar materials along the length of light pipe, so that light can be kept It propagates, as shown in Fig. 2 (c).

With reference to figure 2 (c) and Fig. 2 (d), the second optical medium 208 intersects with the first optical medium 202.Although heterogeneous interface 206 capture light, but it can still result in some light and leaks into except core 108 and light pipe 102 thus.Such as Fig. 2 (c) and Fig. 2 (d) the substantially lossless propagation of better performance and captured light may be implemented in design shown in.It can from cross-sectional profiles To find out, the heterogeneous interface 206 between two kinds of optical mediums 202 of core 108 and 208 has " nested conical by its shape ", so that One cone has the angle than another bigger.This can realize light in core 108 in 102 length of light pipe more than 1 meter Almost lossless capture and propagation.

In one exemplary embodiment, when the angle for the light being incident on core 108 is about 20 degree, in core 108 The refractive index of material be about 1.6 and about 1.5 (ratio=1.067), and with the angle 1 and angle in Fig. 2 (c) and Fig. 2 (d) The half-angle of 2 relevant cones is at heterogeneous interface between about 14 degree to about 26 degree.(it should be noted that present disclosure It is not limited only to exemplary embodiment.) when incident light angle increases to about 30 degree, the half-angle of taper heterogeneous interface 206 also press than Example increases, while their difference being maintained within the scope of about 5-15 degree.In order to keep the design effect best, between two kinds of materials Refringence must very little (in the range of about 0.01 to about 0.2).Under higher refringence, light can start to leak into core Except body 108.

In one embodiment, core has third optical medium, and in one case, which can be Air chamber 210.In this design, 108 inside of core has cylindrical (being hollow in one example) space.Two kinds of materials Between heterogeneous interface shape with described in Fig. 2 (c) and Fig. 2 (d) and display it is identical.The radius and air of core 108 The ratio between radius of cross section of chamber 210 is in the range of about 1.05 to about 2.0.Refraction of the optimum value of the ratio in core dielectric Near rate value.

Fig. 2 (c) and Fig. 2 (d) shows that another design with the first optical medium 212 and the second optical medium 214 becomes Shape.High refractive index medium in core 108 can be with the shape of circular cylinder, wherein covering on the outside.In the annular On the inside of cylinder, there are two kinds of optical mediums, shape such as Fig. 2 (c) and Fig. 2 (d) are shown, selectively have potential Third optical medium 222.The refringence of the two heterogeneous optical mediums 212 and 214 is in the range of about 0.02 to about 0.2. Medium with high index is contacted with high refractive index ring-shaped cylinder core material.In this embodiment, core includes three kinds Optical clear optical medium, outermost layer refractive index are about 1.5 to about 2.2, and intermediate refractive index layer is about 1.4 to about 2.0, middle layer Conical interface with the innermost layer with refractive index in about 1.3 to about 1.9 ranges.Under any circumstance, outermost sandwich layer has The refractive index bigger by 0.1 than the refractive index of the covering 104 near it.

Herein it is important to note that the profile of Fig. 2 (a) to the heterogeneous interface in (c) center core layer longitudinal cross-section can be by song Line rather than rectilinear(-al).These curves can be following part：Parabola, ellipse or circle or free form curve y= Axⁿ, wherein A is constant, and n is the real number between 0.1 to 10.

In one or more embodiments, the guiding device of these introductions further includes the super covering being arranged on covering, In super covering include receive incident light the first optically transparent medium and with the first optically transparent medium have a common boundary to limit heterogeneous boundary Second optically transparent medium in face, wherein heterogeneous interface, the first optical medium and the second optical medium are configured to make with first jiao It spends light beam of the range incident on super covering to be converted into leaving the light beam of super covering with second angle range, the first range is than second Range is wide.In one example, heterogeneous interface includes many bipyramid shapes.

For some embodiments, the guiding device as shown in Fig. 1 (a) to Fig. 1 (d) and Fig. 2 (a) to Fig. 2 (d) can be Do not have to work well in the case of extra play, in the angle change of about ± 10 degree of the normal relative to central axis 110 Lower guiding light.However, many light sources emit light with the angular separation of about ± 30 degree or bigger.For example, sunlight is parallel, but There are ± 22.5 degree of seasonal variations in the position of the sun.In which case it is convenient to selection be before entering covering and sandwich layer Guide light.In order to pump the light with the angled variation (about ± 30 degree) of the normal of central axis 110, additional cladding layer can be used (or super covering) is used as optical collimator.

Fig. 3 shows the guiding device with core, covering and super covering of one embodiment according to the disclosure.

Super covering 302 includes the heterogeneous interface between two optically transparent mediums 304 and 306 of shape shown in Fig. 3 310。

In one exemplary embodiment, the first optically transparent medium 304 has in the range of about 1.3 to about 2.2 Refractive index.

In this exemplary embodiment, the second optically transparent medium 306 has folding in the range of about 1.35 to about 2.4 Penetrate rate.The refractive index value and the refractive index of covering 104 of first optical medium 304 match.For optimum operation, the first optics is situated between Refringence between matter 304 and the second optical medium 306 is in the range of about 0.02 to about 0.25.

As shown in figure 3, in the exemplary embodiment shown in wherein, the shape at interface 310 is described as repetitive unit, main The large taper that unit is connected back-to-back by two forms.(it should be noted that these introductions are not limited only to exemplary embodiment.) The half-angle of these cones is in the range of about 75-89 degree.From cross-sectional view as can be seen that the surface of the two cones is in contact point Locate opposed facing angle 308 in the range of about 2-30 degree.

The effect of super covering 302 acts as " collimator ", and by the first preset range (in an exemplary embodiment Middle about ± 30 degree) light beam be converted to the second preset range of the axis 110 for being approximately orthogonal to light pipe 102 (in exemplary implementation Example in about ± 5 degree or smaller) angle light.It should be noted that this method is for most of light but and not all light All it is beneficial.Therefore, the optical efficiency of super covering is very high, but not 100%.

Fig. 4 (a) and Fig. 4 (b) are shown has half-cone core and half-cone packet according to one embodiment of the disclosure The ray trajectory figure of the guiding device of layer.Fig. 5 is shown has half-cone core, half cone according to one embodiment of the disclosure The ray trajectory figure of the guiding device of shape covering and the super covering of half-cone.Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 shows ray trajectory figure, show from Side is pumped into the light path of light pipe.

In Fig. 4 (a), perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis 110 collimated light beam 408 enters the covering 104 of light pipe 102.Light 408 Encounter parabolic cone shape air at compact medium/Air Interface with the angle of the critical angle higher than total internal reflection and include part 406, Generate the reflection light of 110 glancing incidence of longitudinal axis relative to core 108.Light encounters half-cone heterogeneous interface 414, and Angle is more than the critical angle of the total internal reflection between optically denser medium 412 and optically thinner medium 418, and wherein light 408 is deflected to work as It is more than critical angle and thus in the angle of the interface incident ray when light 408 is incident on again on core-clad interface In core.Captured light beam is shown as 410.In the specific Raytrace simulations, air is used as light and dredges Jie Matter 416 (refractive index=1).

Fig. 4 (b) shows the Raytrace simulations of the same system as shown in Fig. 4 (a), but has a variety of collimated light beams. In each in these light beams is generally aligned in the same plane.The plane and longitudinal axis 112 at 10 degree of angles, the longitudinal axis itself with The longitudinal axis 110 of light pipe 102 is vertical.As can be seen that most of light (410) is via 414 He of heterogeneous interface from Fig. 4 (b) Total internal reflection at core-clad interface and in the compact medium 412 of core 108.Some light are complete due to being unsatisfactory for Internal reflection standard and in core clad interface or at the heterogeneous interface 414 except leakage (428) to core.

Fig. 5 shows the ray trajectory of the light pipe 102 using super covering 504 on the top of covering 506 and core 108. As shown in figure 5, half-cone core and including the semi-cylindrical covering of part with half-cone.The purpose of super covering 504 be by with method Line (relative to longitudinal axis 110) is converted at the incident ray of farther angle closer to normal (relative to longitudinal axis 110) Angle.Therefore the strategy generates the broader angular aperture of our guiding device.In Figure 5, light 508,510 and 512 enters It is mapped on light pipe 102.These light pass through the entrance covering 506 of super covering 504, wherein light to encounter parabolic shape packet at them The air of layer 506 undergoes total internal reflection when including part.Compact medium 516 of the light of these reflections subsequently into core 108. In core 108, light undergoes total internal reflection at the heterogeneous interface 520 between compact medium 516 and sparse medium 518.It is heterogeneous The half cone shape at interface changes angle of the reflection light relative to longitudinal axis 110, thus allows light in core-clad interface Place meets total internal reflection.This generation is trapped in the light 514 in compact medium 516 or core 108.

It is more connect from fig. 5, it can be seen that being converted at the light 508 of -22.5 degree angle incidences when encountering covering with normal The angle of nearly normal, therefore be captured and be directed into core 108.Similarly, entered with the angle of+12 degree relative to normal The light 512 penetrated is being also translated into the angle closer to normal after super covering 302.

Fig. 6 (a) to Fig. 6 (c) shows the light of the guiding device with core of the different embodiments according to the disclosure Trajectory diagram.Embodiment shown in Fig. 6 (a) is similar to core embodiment shown in Fig. 2 (c).As shown in Fig. 6 (a), with relative to vertical The light for entering core in predetermined angular range to the normal of axis is reflected in a manner of being maintained at light and being propagated in core.

Such light is shown with light 608 in Fig. 6 (a), light 608 is with the longitudinal axis relative to core 108 Line enters core at grazing angle.Core 108 shown in Fig. 6 (a) includes two kinds of optical mediums 606 for having heterogeneous interface 612 With 604, heterogeneous interface 612 is in that nested conical by its shape is repeated along longitudinal axis 110.From the side view of the core 108 of Fig. 6 (a) Figure and vertical view can be seen that incident light 608 and be trapped in core 108.Captured and propagation light 610 is in heterogeneous interface Repeatedly refraction and reflection and the experiences total internal reflection at core surface are undergone at 612.In the specific ray trajectory, light 608 with incident at 20 degree of angle relative to longitudinal axis 110.The refractive index of optical medium 606 is 1.5.Optical medium 804 Refractive index is 1.6.The half-angle of two nested cones is respectively 14 degree and 26 degree.

Embodiment shown in Fig. 6 (b) and Fig. 6 (c) is similar to the embodiment of core shown in Fig. 2 (c) and Fig. 2 (d).

Fig. 6 (b) shows the side view and vertical view of the core 108 as shown in Fig. 2 (d).Core 108 includes three kinds of optics Medium 614,616 and 618.Heterogeneous interface between 614 and 616 is along longitudinal axis 110 in the conical by its shape for repeating nesting. The shape at the interface between 614 and 618 is the cylinder around longitudinal axis 110.In the specific Raytrace simulations, Optical medium 618 is selected as air.However, the medium can have the refractive index more higher or lower than medium 614 and Jie Refractive index in the range of 1.0 to 2.2.Light 620 is incident on the glancing angle relative to longitudinal axis 110 on core 108. Other three light is shown as being symmetrically arranged around the circumferential direction of core 108, and identical graze is in relative to core 108 Angle.After entering core light 620 by heterogeneous interface 619 a series of refractions and reflection, in 614/618 boundary Reflection and after the reflection at the surface of core 108 be captured and with light 622 propagate.

Fig. 6 (c) shows that covering provides the incidence for entering core 108 with the angle closer to the normal of longitudinal axis 110 The effect of radiation, structure are similar to structure shown in Fig. 6 (b).Fig. 6 (c) is shown is including part by parabolic cone shape air Enter the vertical view ray-traces of the light 632 of core 108 after 630 reflections.When entering core 108, light 632 experienced Refraction at heterogeneous interface 619 and reflection between two kinds of optical mediums 614 and 614, at 614/618 cylindrical interface Reflection and the reflection at core surface.All these processes capture along the length of core and propagate light, and are scheming Middle label is.About the specific simulation, the design with the identical refractive index and core that are used in Fig. 6 (b) is selected.

Fig. 7 shows the perspective view of the solar panels including guiding device array of one embodiment according to the disclosure. In one embodiment, solar panels include parallel light tube array as described above and are connected to the solar energy of parallel light tube end Cell array.In one embodiment, solar panels include optional back reflector.Parallel light tube array shown in fig. 7 Can be that side pumping is collected the light of aggregation in light pipe ends with realizing.Back reflector can be arranged under light pipe array Side, to ensure that any light lost from light pipe can be pumped back to again.

As shown in fig. 7, solar battery array is arranged in the end of light pipe array.Concentrator array in Fig. 7 is Fig. 1 (a) one of the embodiment in -1 (d).Although back reflector is shown in FIG. 7, the not no embodiment of back reflector In the range of these introductions.Solar battery array receives the light assembled by light pipe array.These solar cells can be Continuous item in the end of each light pipe/optical fiber or single solar cell, and/or be encapsulated in serial or parallel connection setting Together.These solar cells can utilize optical clear jointing material (such as with index matching with light pipe or close Refractive index epoxy resin or silicones) be attached to light pipe array.

If using the light from the sun as light source, even if the embodiment of light pipe array shown in Fig. 7 has the sun Position on high in variation optical pumping is also entered to the benefit of independent light pipe.For example, if the array is configured to make light pipe Longitudinal axis is oriented along North-south direction, then geometry of the different location of the sun from morning to evening for pump light For be equivalent, and the efficiency therefore directed light in light pipe is attributed to the symmetry of our optical element.Moreover, As described above, other covering there can be such function, that is, there is the light perpendicular to the wider bore diameter angle of tube axis It may be directed in light pipe.Optical pumping is entered into light position of sun is there are when seasonal variety (about 45 degree) as a result, In pipe.Therefore, the guiding device of the disclosure allows to use the light pipe array as non-tracking solar concentrator in array one end Collect light in place.The light concentrated can be used for various purposes.Another example is by edge place solar battery array come Power generation.It is understood that other purposes are feasible and are described further below.

As shown in fig. 7, in one embodiment, individually (light can will be also referred to as by cylindrical or semi-cylindrical concentrator Pipe) array fit together, to construct guiding device, which can be by the condensing incident light with wide angular aperture. However, in other embodiments, the element of core 108 and covering 104 can also be used in planar array, so that core and packet Interface between layer is also plane.Fig. 8 (a) shows that such construction, wherein covering 802 are in and are included by half cone-shaped air The array of part 806 forms cube shaped.Each column half cone-shaped, which includes part, has common longitudinal axis 803.Such as Fig. 8 (a) institutes The sandwich layer 804 shown has prism wedge-type shape of the angle of wedge shape between 0.5 to 20 degree.It is included instead of half cone-shaped air Part can also use the interface between two kinds of materials in the covering 802, high index medium is made to be located at top, and relatively low Refraction materials are located at lower part.The shape at the interface is limited by a series of hemicones.

The vertical view of covering 802 in Fig. 8 (b) arrays includes the column array that half cone-shaped air includes part 806.Often A row include the array that there is the half cone-shaped of common longitudinal axis 803 to include part.The interval between axis is equal to longitudinally in each Identical conical shape includes the larger diameter of part.This leads to the gap 808 in array.When light enters covering 802 by gap 808 When, it, which is possible without, encounters any taper and includes part 806, and thus will be transmitted rather than be directed into core.

Fig. 8 (c) shows that the cone designed similar to fish scale includes the vertical view of the array 810 of part 812.In this feelings Under condition, single taper include all properties of part with it is previously described identical.Interlock however, the cone in adjacent column includes part And it is close together so that the interval between the longitudinal axis 114 of adjacent column is less than single cone and includes the larger straight of part Diameter.The design ensures that all light for encountering covering are incident on one that taper includes in part 812 and go up and be therefore guided.

As it was noted above, all design variations for including part for taper (are included between compact medium and sparse medium Use taper heterogeneous interface) shown in Fig. 8 A-C in the case of plane covering it is applicable.

Although Fig. 8 (a) shows the planar concentrating device of the embodiment using light guide described in the present invention, prism is used The core of wedge shape limits focusing ratio (input hole area and output area ratio).However, as shown in Fig. 8 (d), packet can be used Include the core 818 of the planar array of the half cone-shaped heterogeneous interface 822 between optical medium 818 and 820.By using figure The array of the conical heterogeneous interface 214 of longitudinal cross-section described in 2 (c) and Fig. 2 (d) can obtain such heterogeneous circular cone Shape interface 822.As included described in part about taper in Fig. 8 (c), which can also be located at fish scale In array of designs.In addition, (including various design parameters is all optimal for all design variations for the core that previous section is mentioned Value) it is applied equally to this.

In one example, in the planar geometry of core of the guiding device permission of the disclosure described in Fig. 8 (d) It along long range and carries out light capture and propagation with there is no loss, and makes high collection along the length uninterrupted pumping of the structure The light accumulation of moderate is in the core.Heterogeneous interface in the plane core can be the repetition of " nested hemicone " pattern, In the semi-cone angles of two cones be about 0.5-80 degree and about 5-85 degree.It has been found that best waveguide may be implemented in this configuration Performance, and optical property is obtained when the differential seat angle of two cones is in the range of about 1 to 20 spends, and nearby obtained at 12 degree Obtain optimum value.Moreover, refringence between two kinds of materials should very little (in the range of about 0.01 to 0.3), wherein about 0.07 difference obtains optimum.

Fig. 8 (e) shows specific design variations, and plane core 816 is made to have the prism shape instead of half cone-shaped Heterogeneous interface 828.However, the longitudinal cross-section in Fig. 8 (d) and Fig. 8 (e) is identical.In an exemplary reality of Fig. 8 (e) It applies in example, two kinds of optical mediums 824 and 826 have refractive index in the range of 1.3 to 2.4.However, in other embodiment In, it is desirable that the refringence between two kinds of optical mediums is in the range of 0.01 to 0.3.In one exemplary embodiment, rib The level angle in two faces of mirror shape heterogeneous interface 828 is respectively in the range of 0.5 to 70 degree and 5 to 90 degree.In other implementations In example, which is that the two angles are closer to each other and their difference should be in the range of 1 to 40 spends.In a kind of situation Under, differential seat angle is preferred in the range of 4 to 20 spend.

Fig. 8 (e1) to Fig. 8 (e4) shows the deformation of the design of the prism shape plane core cross-sectional described in Fig. 8 (e). The design that cross section is shown in Fig. 8 (e1), it illustrates the trapezoidal array configuration between two kinds of optical mediums rather than The heterogeneous interface of oblique triangle array.Heterogeneous interface is shown in figure by the straight portion 844 and angled surface 846 that repeat Go out.Angled surface 846 has from the horizontal by the angle in 1 to 70 degree range, and the angle between two adjacent surfaces Degree difference is equal to 1 to 50 degree.Optimum value is obtained when this differential seat angle is in 0 to 30 degree range.

Fig. 8 (e2) shows another design variations of the cross section of the prism shape plane core described in Fig. 8 (e). In this case, the heterogeneous interface 848 between two kinds of optical mediums 824 and 826 is defined as forming with angled face, so that Each face in cross-section by Different Slope and not the line of single slope limits.The angle of these faces and horizontal direction 1 to In the range of 70 degree, so that the differential seat angle between adjacent surface is in the range of 0 to 30 spends.

Fig. 8 (e3) shows another design variations of the cross section of the prism shape plane core described in Fig. 8 (e).At this In the case of kind, the heterogeneous interface 850 between two kinds of optical mediums 824 and 826 is defined as protruding in the direction of propagation of light simultaneously And it is a part or another tapered segment for parabola or ellipse or circle.Interfacial structure can also be the curve of free form, That is y=Axⁿ, wherein n is the real number between 0.1 to 10 equal.

Fig. 8 (e4) shows another design variations of the cross section of the prism shape plane core described in Fig. 8 (e).At this In the case of kind, repetition that the heterogeneous interface between two kinds of optical mediums 824 and 826 passes through straight portion 852 and bending part 854 To describe.Bending part 854 is intended to protrude and be a part or another for parabola or ellipse or circle in the direction of propagation of light One conical portion.Bending part can also be free curve, i.e. y=Axⁿ, wherein n is the real number between 0.1 to 10 equal.

Fig. 8 (f) shows the Raytrace simulations of the plane core 816 with the heterogeneous interface 828 as described in Fig. 8 (e). It can be seen that light beam 830 propagates through plane core 816 without any light loss from core.It is specific about this Raytrace simulations can obtain substantially lossless propagation in the length of the plane core more than 1 meter.Input light with packet Layer is incident at 20 degree of angle on core 816.The angle on prism two sides is from the horizontal by 14 degree and 26 degree.Optical medium 824 and 826 refractive index is respectively 1.6 and 1.5.When the angle of incident light and horizontal direction on plane core 816 increases, The angle in the face of prism heterogeneous interface 828 is also required to be scaling up, to ensure that light is trapped in core 816 and in core It is propagated without any loss in 816.

Fig. 8 (g) shows that the specific design variations of plane core, wherein longitudinal cross-section seem and Fig. 8 (d) and Fig. 8 (e) Described in section it is similar.However, the plane core 832 as shown in Fig. 8 (g) has circular cross section in third dimension, As seen in a top view.In one exemplary embodiment, incident ray 838 with the normal on top surface at 70 degree of angle Degree enters and with the radial symmetry relative to circular cross section.Light input hole is top surface, and delivery outlet is cylindrical 842.It will be apparent that if the diameter of cylinder 842 be selected as it is very small compared with the diameter of circular input aperture, can be with Realize significantly higher concentration degree.

It is important to note that herein, the institute of the cross section of the plane core of Fig. 8 (e) shown in Fig. 8 (e1) to Fig. 8 (e4) There is the cross section for the core design that design variations are also applied in Fig. 8 (g).

Furthermore, it is possible to observe, even if the structure is the prism as shown in Fig. 8 (f), which can also work Make.In the example arrangement, light capture and propagate standard be the light being incident on core angle be below about 40 degree (20 degree It is optimum), the angle of prism should be in the range of about 2-30 degree and about 7-40 degree, and the folding between two kinds of materials Rate difference is penetrated in about 0.02-0.3 (in the range of best poor 0.07).

The case where plane core, concentration degree ratio can be in the range of 100 to 1000X, and at the angle of incident light It can be with higher in the case that degree extension is not wide.When the angular aperture (seasonal variations) of incident light is larger, can be existed with use scope Micro- global taper within the scope of 0.05 degree to 2 degree captures light and makes in light propagation to core.In order to solve the angle of incident light Degree extension can utilize the concept of chirp (chirping), change to two of which angle system to realize best waveguide.This meaning Taste the differential seat angle of two nested hemicones in plane core to change periodically by a small margin.In one case, for most For good situation, the difference of angle increases by 0.5 degree in each pair of successive nested hemicone, until difference is 14 degree.Then differential seat angle It is reduced to 12 degree with 0.5 degree successively decrease in succession.As described in Fig. 8 (e), Fig. 8 (e1) to 8 (e4) and Fig. 8 (f), same chirp is general Read the plane core for being also applied for that there are prism facets.

Fig. 9 (a) to Fig. 9 (e) (including Fig. 9 (a1) to 9 (a3)) shows the plane of the different embodiments according to the disclosure Guiding device.As shown in figure 9, the optical element of covering, core and super covering is embedded in planar materials to manufacture solar panels. It is readily apparent that the plane device that light could be pumped in wide angular aperture and be directed into edge be easy to manufacture and Multiple use can be found.In one aspect, present disclose provides a kind of plane guiding devices of the light pipe pumped using side Manufacturing method.

Fig. 9 (a) shows that the operation scheme of such plane guiding device (901), the guiding device are guided with the sun The incident incident light of multiple angles (morning to evening 180 degree changes and 45 degree of seasonal varieties).In this way, the solar energy of the disclosure Concentrator need not track the sun.

Embodiment shown in Fig. 9 (a) -9 (c) includes a series of covering that there are half cone-shapeds to include part.The layer is used for Convert incident light to glancing incidence.The upper surface of this layer can be semi-cylindrical or plane.Material in the illustrative layers can With with refractive index in the range of about 1.3 to 2.0, but always it is less than at least one of core material.

It can also be herein using all deformations for the cone shape for being previously shown description.In addition to use air include part it Outside, it can also use the taper heterogeneous interface between two kinds of optical materials, the wherein material of bottom that there is lower refractive index.Folding Penetrating the angle of rate difference and cone can select in this way, i.e., in the interface, there are total internal reflections, and be therefore emitted from this layer The angle of light is glancing angle.

In other embodiments, whispering gallery modes (whispering gallery mode) annulus resonator can be used for Core is to substitute the wedge of bottom, as shown in Fig. 9 (c).This allows the glancing incidence light within the scope of wider angle to be directed into In core.The diameter in circular hollow space is much larger than the diameter of optical wavelength, and usually in the range of about 1-500 microns.

Fig. 9 (a) shows the planar-light guide 901 of the different embodiments using guiding device as described in the present disclosure.This is poly- Light utensil has wide angular aperture, is indicated by angle 912 and angle 914, may be used as non-within the scope of 2X to 16X of concentration degree and chases after Track solar concentrator, and the uniaxial tracking within the scope of 17X-200X.Angle 912 can in the range of 0 to 180 degree, And its maximum value 180 degree can indicate the angle change of the sun from morning to night.Angle 914 can with normal at +/- 45 degree In the range of.The seasonal angle change of the sun during +/- 22.5 degree of its representative value indicates 1 year.The solid indicated by 912 and 914 Any light in angular range will be directed into planar concentrating device and travel to its edge.910 indicate in the angular aperture The light of interior incidence.911 indicate the light for being guided and propagating in planar concentrating device 901.Planar concentrating device is by multilayer heap Composition：Super covering 908, covering 904, sandwich layer 906 and optical waveguide layer 902, optical waveguide layer 902 can be the extensions of sandwich layer 908.With series connection The array for the encapsulation solar cell 916 being connected to each other with parallel configuration is attached to the edge of planar-light guide 901, and uses collection Middle light generates electric power as input.Component including 901 and 916 can be used as solar panels, and the active of small area is used only Solar cell and the sun need not be tracked.

Covering 904 is made of foregoing various embodiments in the present invention, and is structurally similar to Fig. 8 (a), 8 (b) and 8 (c) described in plane covering.Plane sandwich layer 906 has and Fig. 8 (d), 8 (e), 8 (e1), 8 (e2), 8 (e3), 8 (e4) the similar structure of structure and described in 8 (f).As it was noted above, the one of which that optical waveguide layer 902 can also be core is situated between The extension of matter.The layer is glass or plastic transparent optical layer, the index matching of the compact medium of refractive index and core, and And high refractive index is in covering 904.Super covering 908 is collimation layer, obtains the light that angle change is indicated by angle 912, and And has near light is in normal in the case of +/- 2.5 degree of angle change and be converted into light beam.Super covering 908 wraps The optical element described in Fig. 3 is included, and the planar array of this optical element is retouched in Fig. 9 (d) and Fig. 9 (e) in detail It states.

Fig. 9 (a1) shows the structure change of planar concentrating device 901, which is made of multilayer heap：Super packet (optical waveguide layer 902 is the extension of sandwich layer 906, can also be substrate/machinery branch for layer 908, covering 904, sandwich layer 906 and optical waveguide layer 902 Support member), reflecting layer/film/mirror 913 for being attached or being laminated to lateral edges, transparent protective layer 909 and positioned at 902 lower section of optical waveguide layer Protective layer 907.Layer 909 can be glass or polymer, and can have and be used as part thereof of ultra-violet absorber.Layer 907 be the glass or polymer that refractive index is less than optical waveguide layer, and usually has the refractive index in 1.2 to 1.45 ranges.With The encapsulation solar battery array 916 of series connection and parallel-connection structure setting is attached to the edge of planar concentrating device 901 and using collection In light produced electricl energy as input.It can be used as solar panels including 901 and 916 component, which is used only The active solar cell of small area, and need not be in one day or as season tracks the sun.

Fig. 9 (a2) shows the structure of the planar concentrating device distinguished with the structure in Fig. 9 (a1), makes encapsulation too Positive energy battery is not attached on edge.Here, the solar battery array 917 of encapsulation is clipped in optical layer 902/906 or 906/904 Or it between 902/907 or is fixed below entire component.

Fig. 9 (a3) shows the optional construction of planar concentrating device, such that the bottom surface close to optically focused edge is in as shown in the figure Taper.The purpose of this method is to provide the solar-electricity for being more than waveguide edge optically coupling to width from planar concentrating device Optional mode on pond.Only have layer 902 to be tapered in figure, but entire optical module can be tapered at edge.Taper It angle can be in the range of 10-80 degree.The solar battery array 915 of encapsulation is connected to the tapered edge.Concentration degree ratio is The ratio of top surface (input light) area and cone surface which area (light output).By changing the angle of tapered edge, the collection can be controlled Moderate ratio.

Fig. 9 (b) is the longitdinal cross-section diagram of planar concentrating device 901 shown in Fig. 9 (a).Covering 904 is shown located at herein Conical heterogeneous interface between optically denser medium 918 and optically thinner medium 920.In one exemplary embodiment, super covering is come from 908 incident light with normal at +/- 2.5 degree, meet the heterogeneous interface and entering optical waveguide layer 902 and plane sandwich layer by incident light It is converted into glancing incidence relative to horizontal direction before 906.Plane sandwich layer 906 by light capture in the optical waveguide layer 902 and It is propagated in optical waveguide layer 902.Optical waveguide layer 902 is by having than 904 higher refractive index of covering and refractive index closer to plane sandwich layer 906 Compact medium glass or plastics be made, provide mechanical support for concentrator.

Fig. 9 (b1) shows that the cross section of the exemplary design of planar concentrating device, the concentrator are optimized for by us Light on the input area of 0.5m × 1m and the output area of 6mm × 1m more than 80% collects optical efficiency.Refractive index n₁、n₂With n₃Representative value be respectively 1.5,1.4 and 1.6.The design is by protective layer 909, super covering 908 and constitutes two layers group of covering 904 At.The angle in the face in 904 upper layer is from the horizontal by 57 ° and 90 °, and the angle and horizontal direction in the face in 904 lower layers At 30 ° and 46 °.Sandwich layer 906 is by the angle in single face from the horizontal by 17.5 ° and 29.5 ° of interface definition.Also act as base The optical waveguide layer 902 at bottom is chosen to have 1.5 refractive index.But it can be in the range of 1.47 to 1.6.It is clear herein It is that can realize effective waveguide using the angle combinations of many other refractive index knead doughs at each slant edge lens array interface, And the description is such optimal combination.In third dimension, the interface orthogonal with the cross section can be straight (prism) or bending (generating complete circle or circular arc) or half-conical interfacial structure, such as it is previously described in the disclosure 's.

Fig. 9 (b2) shows an exemplary design and Raytrace simulations for planar concentrating device.This design is similar It is designed shown in Fig. 9 (b1), the difference is that the design is created for the light source with +/- 0.5 degree of divergent beams And equally use close to normal and be incident on the maximum bendingof light realized between interface in covering.It can from figure Go out, diverging light is gently curved to glancing incidence by us using 4 groups of coverings.When bent beam is to lower angle, divergence +/- 0.5 degree from from light source +/- 5 degree of the divergence increased to before immediately entering core.Fig. 9 (b3) shows the design In each detailed ray trajectory in interface, shown in result such as Fig. 9 (b4) of the Raytrace simulations of large scale.Such as Fig. 9 (b3) Shown, we use TIR as the mechanism of CL1 and CL2 layers of slight bending.For CL3 and CL4 layers, due to the requirement of TIR Refringence between two kinds of optical mediums is 0.005, this can bring practical difficulty, thus use nearly TIR as realization greatly The mechanism of bendingof light.Divergent beams enter core with glancing incidence and undergo nearly TIR to realize the capture of light in the core, such as originally Described in disclosed previous section.For this design, the n as shown in Fig. 9 (b3)₁、n₂And n₃Optimum value be respectively 1.54, 1.41 with 1.57.As shown in Fig. 9 (b4), when luminous exitance is that +/- 0.5 degree of multiple light sources irradiate the entire of guiding device When 300mm length, large scale Raytrace simulations show 81% light collection efficiency.The width of core is 5mm, and most of Light is collected in the core, generates 60 times of concentration degree ratio.

Fig. 9 (b5) shows the Raytrace simulations of the exemplary design of planar concentrating device, and the planar concentrating device is by having Two kinds of optical medium (n of light beam are inputted close to normal incidence₁=1.54, n₂=1.41) the single slant edge lens array interface between Composition.This design can be regarded as the extension of Fig. 8 (e), wherein just glancing incidence.This design in Fig. 9 (b5) is than more Layer heap is simply many, but the problem is that it needs very parallel light beam (luminous exitance is 0.1 degree) at 0.5-1 meters Distance on obtain high light collection efficiency.

Fig. 9 (C) shows the micro-ring resonator layer 926 being clipped between upper clad layer 904 and optical waveguide layer 902 and bottom Plane sandwich layer 906 use.Micro-ring resonator layer is used to solve the poor efficiency of super covering and covering, so that beyond by angle The incident light of 914 angular ranges indicated becomes glancing incidence relative to horizontal direction.Toroidal cavity resonator is by high refractive index optics The ring pipe of medium forms, and insertion has compared in the optical medium (preferably air) of low refractive index dielectric.In planar concentrating device In 901 this configuration, the angle in the face of heterogeneous interface plane core array 906 is reversed to bear from positive angle.Thus in this feelings The path of captured light is reversed in the-x direction under condition.

Fig. 9 (d) shows the design of the super covering of plane that Fig. 9 (a) -9 (c) such as front is marked 908.Super covering 908 Purpose be used as passively collimating layer, any light in the angle change described in angle 914 is converted into close to vertical Close limit angle (be preferably +/- 2.5 degree).Optical element shown here is the extension of optical element shown in Fig. 3. In figure 3, the heterogeneous interface in super covering is shown as with the repetition biconical shape around covering, and its longitudinal cross-section is seen Get up as one group of precipitous isosceles triangle.When we are moved to planar concentrating device 901, the symmetry of longitudinal axis is surrounded not It is important again, therefore the layer can have prism shape.As shown in Fig. 9 (d), the performance of super covering can by triangle just under Fang Tianjia parabolicals heterogeneous interface enhances, to generating the shape of " oil droplet ".Optics on 936 top of " oil droplet " figure is situated between Matter 934 is refractive index less than optical medium 936 and the optical medium of refractive index situation close with optical medium 938.One In a embodiment, the principle of the above-mentioned design of super covering is the folding between optically denser medium 936 and each optically thinner medium 934 and 938 Rate difference is penetrated to be in the range of 0.02 to 0.2.In one example, preferred value is about 0.02 to 0.07.Isosceles triangle needs It is precipitous with make in one exemplary embodiment apex angle 1 to 25 spend in the range of, optimum value 5 to 7 degree left and right.In triangle The parabola of underface should be precipitous parabola, and the layout strategy that should be paid close attention to is should be close to heterogeneous by triangle The convergent point of the light beam of curved refractive.

Also it is possible that make in above-mentioned cross section limit isosceles triangle angled face 940 be not as curve A part for straight line.This section of curve can be parabola or it is elliptical a part or by y=AxⁿThe one section of curve limited, wherein A It is constant, n is the real number between 0.1 to 10.

Fig. 9 (e) shows that the cross section of the super covering for collimated incident light 950, incident light 950 enter between ± 22.5 degree Firing angle is orientated to close to normal (i.e. perpendicular to the normal of panel surface 952).The output of covering is the light 962 of nearly normal direction, light 962 With small angle spread (± 2.5 degree or smaller) for the plane covering and plane core optics as described in Fig. 9 (a) and 9 (b) Element uses.

Super covering includes four main elements：Three layers of butt trigone lens array 954,954,958, are that parabolic lens are micro- later Array 960, it is all these to be all embedded in low-index material 964.

Each trigone mirror layer is a cycle array, and repetitive unit includes a small triangle and a big triangle, The two blocked at top allowed with exposing horizontal surface the light of normal direction (or close to normal direction) by by it is interference-free.This makes Obtaining the unit becomes trapezoidal.However, for simplicity, which is still referred to as triangle or truncated triangle herein.It hands over The small triangle and this of big triangle replaced is arranged to ensure that a repetitive unit not in another " shade ".

The angled face of incident light irradiation prism and refraction is undergone, is moved to normal direction.In single layers of prisms The shape of triangle and the alignment relative of layer are selected as the path for the light for only influencing to have big angular deviation with normal, together When so that the light close to normal is uninterruptedly passed through.

There are three key requests for the performance of super covering：

There is offset between a trigone mirror layer and the repeat element of next trigone mirror layer.In no this offset In the case of, incident ray is not directed towards normal direction dullness collimation, but between being moved towards normal direction and far from normal direction alternately.

The size of each trigone mirror layer is that twice of its above layer is big.In the case of no this amplification, initial edge The light of normal is deflected far from normal.

The refractive index constituted between the material and surrounding medium of prism has small difference.In a specific example, constitute 954,954,958 and 964 Refractive Index of Material is respectively 1.552,1.563,1.571 and 1.583.Although can use different Material makes different trigone mirror layer, but this is not required, and all layers can be by identical two kinds of material group systems At.The factor of unique key is their refringence very little (in the range of 0.01 to 0.1).

It is paraboloid concavees lens microarray after three triangle layers, by light, further " collimation " is arrived closer to normal direction. In this configuration, lens face 968 and 968 is nominal paraboloid, but other surfaces shape is similarly effective.This parabolic layer It is used to further collimated light beam, and similar to the paraboloid heterogeneous interface described in Fig. 9 (d).

Fig. 9 (f) shows the data of one embodiment of structure in Fig. 9 (e).Fig. 9 (f) indicates the structure in Fig. 9 (e) One embodiment input angle range be with normal direction at +/- 22.5 degree when output light angular range.It can from Fig. 9 (f) To find out, the angle diverging of output beam is +/- 22.5 degree.In this specific simulation, it has been found that at +/- 22.5 degree 97.5% input light in angular range is collimated into +/- 2.5 degree of the output beam of angular range.

Material for manufacturing guiding device as described in the present invention can be glass, the polymer based on carbon skeleton, modeling The polymer based on silicon atom skeleton of material, small organic molecule, such as silicone and siloxanes.Can also select using siloxanes with Other polymer and the mixture of small molecule are to obtain specific mechanical performance and optical property, such as refractive index and dispersion degree. As described below, these materials can use and with the crosslinking agent that is added on a small quantity in liquid form after applying heat or ultraviolet light Obtain solid, semisolid, elastomer or gelatinous layer.Similarly, fluorinated polymer and fluorinated silicone and siloxanes can be specific For realizing refractive index more lower than the matrix nonfluorinated form of same polymer.Similarly, the surface treated versions of polymer It can be used to implement refractive index more higher than the sulphided form of same polymer.Some in the disclosure are used on the way, can also Use some liquid, such as water, mineral oil, organic solvent, fluorinated liquid etc. with different refractivity.Similarly, for this For different embodiments described in open, we can use the glass of various refractive index (1.4 to 2.2).In certain situations Under, we can use with the glass for making the molding low melting temperature of glass.

Refraction at polymer (or glass)/Air Interface can cause white light to divide, this is attributed to different wave length (dispersion Relationship) under compact medium variations in refractive index, but the refractive index of air remains unchanged.However, if refraction is happened at not Same refractive index (n₁And n₂) make n₁/n₂Ratio be for each wavelength two kinds of constant close materials of light interface, then each The light of wavelength is refracted identical magnitude, therefore does not have aberration.It is to make by material selection in the optical analog of the disclosure The material of high index has higher dispersion (Abbe number is relatively low), and the lower material of refractive index has lower dispersion (Abbe number is higher).Since there is many high index materials relatively low Abbe number, the strategy also to lead to available material More selection extensively.Figure 10 (a) shows the regulation about material selection in the guiding device of the disclosure.

The dye of the light in specific part spectrum can also be absorbed by selective doping a small amount of (0.01% to 0.00001%) The optical medium of material and chromophore has the material of the refractive index designed to use.The strategy is that one or two kinds of materials generate tune Whole refractive index and Wavelength distribution, this can generate only certain parts progress waveguide for spectrum.It can also select by mixed Close the material that two kinds of materials with different refractivity and Wavelength distribution come design refractive indices and Wavelength distribution.Figure 10 (b) is shown Use the example of the waveguide of above-mentioned material selection strategy.Here, we select to make by the way that the combination of materials of covering to be selected as n₁/n₂As from 400nm to 800nm, wavelength slowly declines and is arranged " section " wavelength.In 800nm, n₁/n₂Ratio be less than into It penetrates light and undergoes the required threshold value of total internal reflection at heterogeneous interface.Therefore 800nm light (and the light for being more than) has slightly in path Deflection in the case of through covering and therefore not contributing waveguide process.Figure 10 C show the predetermined material in covering The data that the waveguide and transmission of the light of combination change with optical wavelength.It can be seen from the figure that be more than 800nm 100% light it is saturating It penetrates (completely without waveguide), and there is apparent waveguide in more than 1m long when and has 60% at edge when within the scope of 400-800nm Light concentration degree.

Similar strategy can be used to make n in the core₁/n₂Ratio is different from the material in sandwich layer, and this will cause to select The waveguide of the light of standing wave length light of remaining wavelength from core leakage and in spectrum.

Guiding device as described in the present invention can pass through widely used Shooting Technique or molding or punching press or coining work Skill manufactures.Need the mold of the negative design of manufacture component.Crosslinkable liquid polymers or gel can be poured into mold, It is just removed after its solidification.Mold can also be the shape of rotatingcylindrical drum, spinning movement can be used for it is continuously shaped- Stripping, high speed roll-to-roll process prepare component.Manufacturing process may also refer to be molded on glass baseplate or another polymeric substrate Polymer.It relates to use liquid silastic (LSR) to be molded on the glass substrate.The combination of the above method can be used To obtain the multilayer heap of the optical material on glass.

In one embodiment, present disclose provides a kind of sides for manufacturing covering or core in above-mentioned guiding device Method.As shown in Figure 11 (a), the first optically transparent material is with the table with male portion 1102 (multiple protrusions) being formed on Face.First optically transparent material can be engaged with the second optically transparent material.Second optically transparent material, which has, to be formed on There is the surface of female part 1104 (multiple recess portions or recess).In one embodiment, male portion and female part are configured to have Similar shape, and female part be configured to it is bigger than male portion, with after they are fitted together in-between for air Include 1106 leaving space of part.The position of each protrusion corresponds to the position of each recess, and multiple part is included to be formed.The system The method of making can be used for manufacturing any light guide assemblies for including part comprising air, such as core 108 and covering shown in Fig. 1 (a) 104。

In one exemplary embodiment, about covering, male portion has half cone-shaped protrusion on the surface thereof, and Female part has half cone-shaped recess on a surface.In this exemplary embodiment, size of the recess in each dimension Slightly larger (5-50 microns).When two components fit together, and a component is made, in component end item clamping air includes part, The size that the air includes part is poor equal to the size of protrusion and recess.

In one embodiment, this method further includes the deposition third optical clear on the surface of the first optically transparent material Material layer.Third optical transparent material layers can have substantially invariable or variation thickness, be configured to make the first optical lens The shape of the surface of bright material after deposition and the shape on the second optically transparent material surface are almost the same.After assembling, Third optically transparent material is arranged in the space between protrusion and recess.

In one embodiment, male portion 1102 has half cone-shaped protrusion on the surface thereof, and female part 1104 exists There is half cone-shaped recess on its surface.Size of the recess in each dimension is slightly larger (5-50 microns).When the first optical clear When material and the second optically transparent material are assembled together and are made one, in component end item clamping air includes part, should The size that air includes part is poor equal to the size of protrusion and recess.

In order to obtain complete tapered assemblies, the component with hemicone as two can be fitted together to be formed The component of part is included with full cone.In order to make the air in component end item include part, with particular geometry, (such as spiral is empty Gas includes part), tapered protrusion and recess can have surface texture.Protrusion has concave surface texture, and recess has convex Surface texture.If the cross section of texture needs for wholecircle shape, each in concave surface texture and nonreentrant surface texture can be with It is semicircle.In addition it is also possible to concave surface texture and nonreentrant surface texture with such as 90 degree of arcs, 45 degree of arc arc-shapeds.

In another case, part is included but different from the first and second optically transparent materials including part not and be air Third optically transparent material include part in the case of, the third optical transparent material layers of predetermined thickness are deposited on male portion On.It is poor that predetermined thickness is equal to the approximate size between the raised recess with female part in male portion.When two parts are assembled in When together, third optically transparent material includes part setting between male portion and female part.

First and second optically transparent materials and the normal for being sized to obtain relative to longitudinal axis for including part The predetermined deflection of the light on component is incident in angular range.

In another embodiment, which includes the two of the boundary (heterogeneous interface) of two kinds of materials with specific shape Kind different materials.As manufacture when embodiment, using the mold with heterogeneous interface shape to be prepared using it is above-mentioned at Type method prepares the first optical layer.Then with the second optical material filling molding layer to be formed by with the heterogeneous of predetermined shape The end layer of the different optical material compositions of two kinds of interface.

Although the guiding device of the disclosure has been described as solar concentrator, it will be appreciated that, the disclosure it is other Using being also feasible.

Planar concentrating device in the various modifications of Fig. 9 (a) -9 (e), which uses, to be had between material in prespecified geometric Heterogeneous interface different optical transparent material layers.Although the layer in the guiding device is set as solid to keep mechanical complete Property, but one or more optically transparent materials can be liquid.These liquid levels can be clipped between solid layer, physical package with It prevents it from leaking and executes optical function identical with the solid material of identical refractive index.

Moreover, in some forms of expression of the present invention, there may be air to include part.Since total internal reflection needs are causing Interface between close medium and sparse medium, so including part injection from covering and the endoceliac air of core and taking out optical fluid It can lead to the loss of optical waveguide.Intelligent window can be manufactured with this concept in our design, (the chamber when waveguide is opened It is interior there is no liquid) electric power is generated, when waveguide is closed, (liquid filling body in chamber) serves as transparent window.

Optical liquid layer is being used as in the form of expression compared with the present invention of low-refraction, TIR is happened at compact solid Jie The interface of matter and sparse liquid medium.If the liquid is pumped out equipment and is equal to another liquid of compact medium with refractive index Body replaces the liquid, then can prevent the TIR at two kinds of material interfaces, and light is transmitted without being brought to.Therefore, light is utilized Fluid flowing in and out in our guiding device is learned, can show effective control with the light transmission (and guiding) to light The power generation intelligent window of system.

Figure 12 (a) shows the design of the intelligent window using guiding device as described in the present invention.The application's is optional Deformation can use laminate on the window being made of one or more optical layers according to the described in the present invention.Optical layer Design can be optimized to make light to reach the edge of window, can generate electricity using solar battery array at the edge of window Power.Optionally, the design of optical layer can make the light (with glancing incidence) from the sun enter light guide, traveling a small distance, so After leave light guide, and environment optical transport transmission layer is pressed in the optical layer on window-glass.This will produce reduction from the dizzy of sunlight The effect of light, while keeping the visual quality of window.

Using the reversibility pricinple of light, the guiding device of the disclosure may be used as lighting apparatus.Light source is placed on leaded light On one of device edge so that light launched by light source be directed into core and gradually leak out guiding device it Outside.In this case, the output of guiding device is its top surface, and providing output light has the equal of wider angle divergence Even illumination.Figure 12 (b) shows the light emitting diode matrix as the light source being placed on the edge of guiding device.

By replacing the solar cell on the edge of guiding device with fiber array, the plane as described in Fig. 9 (a) Solar concentrator can be used for domestic light application.It can be pumped to connection in the light for the concentration that the edge of guiding device is collected To the simple optical fiber at edge.Then light can be sent to the lighting device in building by these optical fiber, to be shone using natural daylight It is bright to illuminate inside.

Solar energy：Planar concentrating device can be used for light being concentrated to be directed on solar vacuum-tube water heater.Concentrate light Make pipe much than common water heater heat.Due to the thermodynamic efficiency higher under higher tube temperature, this will be so that water heater be more efficient. The program can be additionally used in solar thermal applications, and wherein hot fluid is in the Bottomhole pressure across the edge of cascade concentrator.For example, Ours calculation shows that, if the mass velocity of hot fluid across pipe remains 0.06kg/s, the areas 1m × 1m in this scheme 10 panels cascade in domain can be by hot fluid heats to 400 degree of temperature.

Figure 12 (e) shows the schematic diagram of the light capture optical device shown in our guiding device, the light It learns device and is used in the top of photovoltaic device to capture the light for not left photovoltaic device by absorption.This light capture optical device relies on Total internal reflection at the heterogeneous interface of two kinds of optical materials.Optics neutralizing layer by by the angular transition of high angle photon at positioned at Angle in the total internal reflection cone of dense material/Air Interface and light is rebooted and is returned on photovoltaic device.Optics is suppressed Part can also have the design of the plane sandwich layer as shown in Fig. 8 (e) and 8 (e1) to 8 (e4).

One of the problem of luminous concentrator is that luminescent material is not only located in TIR cones with the angled transmitting light of institute Transmitting light be included in plate in.Light loss beyond TIR emission cones and cause shine concentrator reduced performance.These TIR Loss will be overcome by being laminated the optics layer multi-layer heap of design, and the optics layer multi-layer heap of the design is led using of the present invention The principle used in core design in electro-optical device is by the angulation change of light of the transmitting beyond TIR cones at more shallow angle.Such as figure The design of optical layer shown in 12F is made of two kinds of optic polymers, and the refringence of both optic polymers is less than 0.1 simultaneously And with the interfacial structure being made of the oblique prism of array of the angle within the scope of 10 ° -15 °.The angle of oblique triangle is selected To realize TIR in two kinds of polymer interface and capturing the light beyond routine TIR emission cones.Small angle and low-refraction Difference is effective for propagating captured light with minimum loss.

Birefringence of the embodiment disclosed herein independent of any optical medium, or change any layer or partial folding Penetrate rate or the anisotropy of any layer or partial refractive index.There is no the birefringence of any optical medium or changes any layer Or partial refractive index or the anisotropic embodiment of any layer or partial refractive index are all in the range of these introductions.

Figure 12 (g) shows that the concentration light output of heretofore described guiding device is used as laser in laser apparatus and is situated between The input that matter optical pumping is sent.The input of light guide can be incident upon sunlight or diode laser battle array on planar concentrating device top surface Row.Have been proposed realizing the various schemes of the optics pumping of the laser medium beyond laser threshold in the prior art.Optics pumps Laser is sent to need the high-powered sources in compact geometry.As shown in Figure 12 (g), it is in the light output that guiding device edge is concentrated Realize the effective ways of the target.

Figure 12 (b1) shows part in front and especially in Figure 12 b as when light is inputted from the edge of light guide Collimator apparatus light guide the form of expression.Light source 1201b1 (being in one embodiment LED) emits input light 1203b1 Into light guide.In the specific figure, light guide is made of slant edge lens array interface 1205b1, make two faces of prism all with water Square at 0 to 89 degree range in angle.Both optical mediums 12009b1,12011b1 have in 1.3 to 2.4 ranges Refractive index.Compared with medium 12011b1, medium 12091b1 has higher refractive index.The light beam of output substantially collimated 1207b1 occurs from the surface of light guide.Substantially collimation as used herein refers to be collimated in +/- 10 °.

Figure 12 (b2) shows the ray trajectory example in the light guide described in Figure 12 (b1).Light source 1201b2 is (at one It is LED in embodiment) input light is emitted in light guide.The light is propagated in light guide, is situated between in two kinds of optics until light meets Interface between matter (i.e. medium 1209b2 and medium 1207b2) carries out the standard of total internal reflection, and is left with special angle The light guide.Remaining light is maintained in light guide and moves until they also meet TIR standards.By selecting slant edge lens array interface The angle of the different sides of 1203b2, we can control the specific angle before the collimated light 1205b2 leakage light guides of output coupling Degree.It is also shallower from the angle of preceding surface launching light if we select the face of output coupling shallower.For with the normal angle of front For the transmitting of the collimated light of degree, output coupling face should be in the range of 60 degree (+/- 5 degree).

With emitting from light source in compared with the light of the relative narrow-angle of longitudinal axis, it is launched by light source with it is longitudinal Axis is meeting TIR standards at the light of wider angle at the shorter distance of light source.Therefore, from light source with different angle The light of transmitting will scatter from light guide at different distances.However, this relationship between the angle and distance of transmitting is not linear , therefore for Lambertian light source, the transmitting according to the front surface changed at a distance from edge (thus being light source) is strong Degree is non-uniform.

It should be noted that the another aspect of the process, when light is propagated in light guide, it is between two kinds of optical mediums Interface experience refraction, and nearly TIR conditions are also encountered sometimes.In these interactions, Fresnel reflection can also occur.When When light is close to normal incidence, Fresnel reflection is nominal, but it tends to be higher when the incidence angle of these interfaces is higher Intensity.If the angle of these Fresnel reflections is different from the angle of output coupling or not shallow to being enough to be maintained in light guide It propagates forward, then these Fresnel reflections can cumulatively become the source of substantial optical loss.Oblique prism design ensures Fei Nie You are reflected in the angular range of output coupling light, or shallow are enough propagated forward with being maintained in light guide.This maintains with it is flat Equal light at the output coupling light within the scope of ± 10 degree collimation.

Only having the shortcomings that length that slant edge lens array interface is along light guide in light guide, there are output coupling light Non-uniform emanation.Moreover, from angle very close to longitudinal axis light source some light from not up to non-optimal to be enough from Light guide selection coupling.Figure 12 b2-a show a kind of method, wherein asymmetric and symmetrical V-shaped groove interface can be created so that light Non-optimal is increasingly becoming in light guide.As shown in the optional design, side-light type light guide is made of multiple layer polymer.This sets The characteristics of meter is the optical medium defined by planar interface, can be described as core.One of interface is to be used for light output coupling The slant edge lens array interface and another interface of conjunction are used to make light in light guide as non-optimal.The latter interface can be Symmetrical V-shaped groove array interface, asymmetric V-shaped groove array interface or slant edge lens array interface.

Although slant edge lens array interface display goes out high light collimation performance, one the disadvantage is that be difficult to manufacture by high throughput Method manufactures.Figure 12 (b3) show side-light type light guide inner boundary can arrangement, such that light output coupled interface is V-shaped groove Interface (symmetrically or non-symmetrically).Input light 1203b1 is emitted in light guide by light source 1201b3 (being in one embodiment LED). V-shaped groove interface separates two media 1203b3/1205b3,12011b3/12013b3.Slant edge lens array and other media 1207b3/1209b3 is detached.Its advantage is that V-shaped groove interface is more easily manufactured.But the disadvantage is that Fresnel reflection is not necessarily sent out in light On the direction penetrated, or for the light propagation along front it is shallow enough.Some Fresnel reflections are sent in reverse direction.

Figure 12 (b4) is the optional design of side-light type light guide collimators, wherein the multilayer heap of different optical mediums is configured to put down The combination at face interface, symmetrical V-shaped groove interface, Asymmetric V-type slot interface and slant edge lens array interface.One wherein in these interfaces A is light output coupled interface, and the purpose at remaining interface is to ensure that the uniform emission of the collimated light from front surface.

Figure 12 (b5) is shown using side-light type light guide collimators as the application of the backlight of LCD display.LCD display modules 1207b5 is the LCD configurations of standard.There is optional reflector 12011b5 below light guide 1209b5, any scattering light is anti- It is emitted back towards in light guide.Input light is emitted in light guide 1209b5 by light source 1201b5 (being in one embodiment LED).The base of output The light beam 1205b5 collimated in sheet occurs from the surface of light guide.

Figure 12 (b6) show as this patent disclose described in side-light type light guide collimators optional service condition.At this In the case of kind, collimation light guide 1207B6 of these introductions are clipped in LCD layer 1205b6 and described in the prior in more wide angle Range emits between the conventional light guides of light.This traditional light guide structure typically by light guide 12015b6, diffusing globe 12013b6, The compositions such as microprism film 1209b6,12011b6.Instead of this traditional wide angle light source, there may be emitted with wide range Another light source of light.The fact that our light guide light next to its rear is transparent is utilized in the applicable cases.Therefore, when me Collimation light guide when opening, LCD display is bright by the very strong luminous point of directionality, thus provides energy saving, brightness and privacy Combination.When our light guide is closed, when light source below is lit, LCD will be illuminated with diffused light, simultaneously to reduce brightness And it can be watched in extensive angle.

Figure 12 (b7) show this patent disclose described in side-light type light guide collimators optional service condition.At this In the case of kind, polarization recycling film is placed between LCD layer and side-light type light guide collimators and (such as, but not limited to, is sold by 3M DBEF films).S polarised lights pass through the layer, but p-polarization light is reflected back.The p-polarization light of the reflection passes through light guide (due to it Transparent characteristic) and encounter the polarization rotator below light guide and reflecting layer.It is inclined that p-polarization light across following layer is converted into s It shakes.Therefore, when being reflected back, which recycles film also by polarization.Therefore, in this approach, almost all of standard Direct light can all be converted into s polarizations before entering LCD layer.

LED is emitted in the light dissipated in both direction (x-axis and y-axis).It is described by what previous section was mentioned, such as Fruit microstructured prisms array interface is linear, then light is collimated on only one axis.For many practical applications, light It needs to be collimated on two axis.Therefore, it is necessary to by the design of light guide and/or the setting of micro-structure is modified so that light is collimated to On two axis.Figure 12 (h8) -12 (b13) describes the method collimated the light on two axis.

Figure 12 (b8) shows the vertical view of the optional design of the rectangular light guide with oblique angle as shown.For light is defeated The LED for entering light guide is placed on this four oblique angles.Cross section is represented in Figure 12 (b1) -12 (b4) with the line that camber line indicates in figure The microstructure at the interface of detailed description.The cross section at these interfaces can be oblique angle, V-shaped groove or the design of Asymmetric V-type slot.By In centre symmetry of these interfaces relative to LED light source, light is collimated on two axis.

Figure 12 (b9) shows the vertical view of the optional design of rectangular light guide.As shown, rectangular light guide be divided into it is trapezoidal Section, trapezoidal sections fit together to form rectangle.Very tiny spacing is less than trapezoidal by air or refractive index between adjacent trapezoidal Medium composition.LED is placed on trapezoidal smaller edge.The dotted line of arc indicates the microstructure at interface, the interface in figure Cross section in Figure 12 (b1) -12 (b4) detailed description.These interface cross sections can be oblique angle, V-shaped groove or Asymmetric V-type Slot designs, such as detailed hereinbefore.Due to the microstructure of light guide, the collimation of the light in first axle occurs.Light is in second axis Collimation occurred by following two ways：First with the arcuate shape of groove, secondly undergone using in trapezoidal edge TIR.It is thus achieved that the collimation of light on both axes.

Figure 12 (b10) shows the vertical view of the optional method of collimated light on both axes.Basic premise is Wo Menyi It is secondary rather than the light on each axis is collimated simultaneously.As shown, LED is placed on the edge of the first light guide, first Light guide collimates the light on an axis.Illustration shows the microstructure of this light guide.The light exported from this light guide is input to On second light guide.The design of second light guide is identical as described in Figure 12 (b1) to 12 (b4), in light from the top surface of light guide It is also collimated in second axis when output coupling.

It is envisioned that the two light guides can also be stacked in top of each other, there is optically denser medium therebetween, rather than Sequence is placed.Microstructure characteristic is by linear slant edge lens array, V-shaped groove or the asymmetry V as described in Figure 12 (b1) to 12 (b4) Shape slot forms.The microstructure characteristic of each photoconductive layer is designed to keep them orthogonal with the photoconductive layer in another layer.

Figure 12 (b11) shows that the vertical view of round side-light type light guide, wherein LED are placed on the periphery of circular light guide. The microstructure at interface is represented with the dotted line that concentric circles indicates in figure, the cross section at interface is detailed in Figure 12 (b1) -12 (b4) Thin description.The cross section at these interfaces can be oblique angle, V-shaped groove or the design of Asymmetric V-type slot.Due to these interfaces relative to The centre symmetry of LED light source, therefore light is collimated on both axes.

Figure 12 (b12) shows that the vertical view of circular light guide, the deformation of the design are shown in Figure 12 (b11).The design It is on outer shroud light guide there are a row is trapezoidal to deform unique another feature, and outer shroud light guide has than region higher adjacent thereto Refractive index, as shown in the figure.LED is especially provided only on these trapezoidal edges.In figure boundary is represented with the dotted line that concentric circles indicates It is described in detail in Figure 12 (b1) -12 (b4) cross section of the microstructure in face, interface.The cross section at these interfaces can be oblique Angle, V-shaped groove or the design of Asymmetric V-type slot.Due at trapezoid cross-section TIR and later since these interfaces are relative to LED light The centre symmetry in source and realize first light collimation.

Figure 12 (b13) shows a year vertical view for colyliform side-light type light guide.Compared with Figure 12 (b11) and 12 (b12), this sets The key difference of meter is characterized in that LED is placed on the smaller inner periphery of annual ring.The dotted line that concentric circles is shown as in figure indicates It is described in detail in Figure 12 (b1) -12 (b4) cross section of the microstructure at interface, interface.The cross section at these interfaces can be Oblique angle, V-shaped groove or the design of Asymmetric V-type slot.Centre symmetry due to these interfaces relative to LED light source, light are accurate Directly on both axes.

Light source switch be located at these introduction guiding device and another light structures between embodiment this field model In enclosing, and can use and actuated otherwise, as disclosed in United States Patent (USP) 3814211, by quote and for All purposes is whole by it or is hereby incorporated by recently using the micro mirror and the second mirror of actuating.The micro mirror of actuating is disclosed in for example In May, 2004 by Bin Mi submit to Case Western Reserve University electronic engineering and computer science department " static and electric actuation at The doctoral thesis of shape MEMS mirror ", by quoting and being fully incorporated herein for all purposes.

In order to describe and limit the purpose of this introduction, it is noted that term " substantially " is used herein to mean that It is attributable to any quantitative comparison, value, measurement or other intrinsic degrees of uncertainty indicated.Term " substantially " is herein It is also used for indicating quantificational expression in the case where not causing the variation of basic function of the theme from the journey of the reference change Degree.

Although providing embodiment of the disclosure in detail, it is understood that, disclosed method and device are only It provides for purposes of illustration and description.Those skilled in the art can not depart from as defined in the appended claims public affairs Various change and/or modification are carried out in the case of the spirit and scope opened.

Claims

1. a kind of guiding device with one or more layers；One or more of layers are configured with stacked structure；It is one Or each layer in multiple layers has first surface and second surface, the first side and the second side, first side and described second Lateral spacing determines longitudinal axis, and the longitudinal axis is between the first surface and the second surface；Each the layer includes：

First optical clear part, first optical clear part include the first optical medium for having first refractive index；Institute It includes the first surface to state the first optical clear part；And

Second optical clear part, second optical clear part include the second optical medium with the second refractive index, institute State the interface definition shape between the first optical clear part and second optical clear part；Second optical clear portion It includes the second surface to divide；The shape, the first refractive index and second refractive index are configured so as to come from light source From first side of at least one layer enter light deflected at a certain angle in the interface, in the illumination When penetrating on the interface between emitting surface and external agency, the light presentation is made substantially to collimate in predetermined angular；The hair Reflective surface is the first surface of one or more of layers of layer or one in the second surface, the emitting surface In the interface with the external agency；At least one first side of one or more of layers of a layer is configured to connect Receive the light from first light source；At least one optical clear portion with the surface as one of outer surface and the emitting surface Point the refractive index light in shape that is not irradiated to that is chosen to receive from the light source be totally reflected；

The wherein described shape includes at least one of following：Slant edge lens array, the angle in face are symmetrical in 1 to 89 degree range Asymmetric V-type slot prism array of the angle in V-shaped groove prism array or each face in the range of 1 to 89 spends or each Asymmetric V-type slot prism array of the angle in face in 1 to 89 degree range.

2. guiding device according to claim 1, wherein one or more of layers include a layer；The wherein described shape Including slant edge lens array.

3. guiding device according to claim 2, further comprises reflecting layer；The external agency is arranged in the reflection Between layer and the second surface；The wherein described first surface between the external agency and first optical medium simultaneously And it is the emitting surface；The wherein described first refractive index is chosen to not be irradiated to the shape from what the light source received Light on shape is totally reflected when being irradiated on the first surface.

4. guiding device according to claim 1, wherein one or more of layers include at least three layers；Wherein first The first surface of layer is the surface between the external agency and the first optical medium of the first layer, the institute of the first layer Stating the first optical medium has first refractive index；Wherein by the first layer first optical medium and the second optics be situated between Shape defined by interface between matter is one the first array in symmetrical V-shaped groove prism or Asymmetric V-type slot prism；Its The first surface of the middle second layer is arranged on the second surface of the first layer and is second optics of the first layer Surface between medium and the first optical medium of the second layer；Second optical medium of the first layer has second Refractive index；First optical medium of the second layer has third reflect rate；By first light in the second layer The shape for learning the interface definition between medium and second optical medium is slant edge lens array；The wherein first surface of third layer It is arranged on the second surface of the second layer and is second optical medium of the second layer and the third layer Surface between first optical medium；Second optical medium of the second layer has fourth refractive index；The third layer First optical medium have the 5th refractive index；By in the third layer first optical medium and second light Learn the second array that shape defined by the interface between medium is one of symmetrical V-shaped groove prism or Asymmetric V-type slot prism；Its Described in third layer second optical medium have the 6th refractive index；And the second surface of the wherein described third layer is arranged Between second optical medium of the third layer and the external agency.

5. guiding device according to claim 4, further comprises reflecting layer；The external agency is arranged in the reflection Between layer and the second surface of the third layer；The first surface of the wherein described first layer is located at the external agency Between first optical medium of the first layer and it is the emitting surface；The wherein described first refractive index is selected For not being radiated at of to receive from the light source by the first layer first optical medium and second optics Light defined by interface between medium in shape is totally reflected when being irradiated on the first surface.

6. a kind of display equipment, the display equipment includes image forming part and guiding device described in claim 1, institute It states guiding device and is arranged for irradiation described image forming member.

7. display equipment according to claim 6, wherein one or more of layers include a layer；The wherein described shape Including slant edge lens array.

8. display equipment according to claim 7, further comprises reflecting layer；The external agency is arranged in the reflection Between layer and the second surface；The wherein described first surface between the external agency and first optical medium simultaneously And it is the emitting surface；The wherein described first refractive index is chosen to not be irradiated to the shape from what the light source received Light on shape is totally reflected when being irradiated on the first surface.

9. display equipment according to claim 6, wherein one or more of layers include at least three layers；Wherein first The first surface of layer is the surface between external agency and first optical medium of the first layer, the institute of the first layer Stating the first optical medium has first refractive index；Wherein by the first layer first optical medium and second light The shape for learning the interface definition between medium is one the first array in symmetrical V-shaped groove prism or Asymmetric V-type slot prism； The first surface of the wherein second layer is arranged on the second surface of the first layer and is second light of the first layer Learn the surface between medium and the first optical medium of the second layer；Second optical medium of the first layer has the Two refractive index；First optical medium of the second layer has third reflect rate；By described first in the second layer The shape of interface definition between optical medium and second optical medium is slant edge lens array；Wherein the first table of third layer Face be arranged on the second surface of the second layer and be the second layer the second optical medium and the third layer Surface between one optical medium；Second optical medium of the second layer has fourth refractive index；The third layer First optical medium has the 5th refractive index；By first optical medium and the second optical medium in the third layer Between the shape of interface definition be one the second array in symmetrical V-shaped groove prism or Asymmetric V-type slot prism；Wherein institute Second optical medium for stating third layer has the 6th refractive index；And the second surface of the wherein described third layer is arranged in institute It states between the second optical medium of third layer and the external agency.

10. display equipment according to claim 9, further comprises reflecting layer；The external agency setting is described anti- It penetrates between layer and the second surface of the third layer；The first surface of the wherein described first layer is located at external Jie Between matter and first optical medium of the first layer and it is the emitting surface；The wherein described first refractive index is selected Be selected as so that not being radiated at of being received from the light source by the first layer first optical medium and second light The light in shape for learning the interface definition between medium is totally reflected when being irradiated on the first surface.

11. display equipment according to claim 6 further comprises that light structures, the light structures are arranged in basis Below guiding device described in claim 1, the light structures include：

Light guide, the light guide are configured to receive the light from second light source；

Optical diffusion layer, the optical diffusion layer are arranged between the light guide and guiding device described in claim 1；And

At least one mini-prism plate, at least one mini-prism plate setting is in the diffusing layer and described in claim 1 leads Between electro-optical device.

12. display equipment according to claim 11, wherein one or more of layers include a layer；The wherein described shape Shape includes slant edge lens array.

13. display equipment according to claim 12, further comprises reflecting layer；The external agency setting is described anti- It penetrates between layer and the second surface；The wherein described first surface is between the external agency and first optical medium And it is the emitting surface；The wherein described first refractive index is chosen so as to not be irradiated to the shape from what the light source received Light on shape is totally reflected when being irradiated on the first surface.

14. display equipment according to claim 11, wherein one or more of layers include three layers；Wherein first layer First surface be surface between external agency and first optical medium of the first layer, the first layer it is described First optical medium has first refractive index；Wherein by the first layer first optical medium and second optics The shape of interface definition between medium is one the first array in symmetrical V-shaped groove prism or Asymmetric V-type slot prism；Its The first surface of the middle second layer is arranged on the second surface of the first layer and is second optics of the first layer Surface between medium and the first optical medium of the second layer；Second optical medium of the first layer has second Refractive index；First optical medium of the second layer has third reflect rate；By first light in the second layer The shape for learning the interface definition between medium and second optical medium is slant edge lens array；The wherein first surface of third layer It is arranged on the second surface of the second layer and is second optical medium of the second layer and the third layer Surface between first optical medium；Second optical medium of the second layer has fourth refractive index；The third layer First optical medium have the 5th refractive index；By in the third layer first optical medium and the second optics be situated between The shape of interface definition between matter is one the second array in symmetrical V-shaped groove prism or Asymmetric V-type slot prism；Wherein Second optical medium of the third layer has the 6th refractive index；And the second surface setting of the wherein described third layer exists Between the second optical medium and external agency of the third layer.

15. display equipment according to claim 14, further comprises reflecting layer；The external agency setting is described anti- It penetrates between layer and the second surface of the third layer；The first surface of the wherein described first layer is located at external Jie Between matter and first optical medium of the first layer and it is the emitting surface；The wherein described first refractive index is selected Be selected as so that not being radiated at of being received from the light source by the first layer first optical medium and second light The light in shape for learning the interface definition between medium is totally reflected when being irradiated on the first surface.

16. display equipment according to claim 11 further comprises that setting is wanted in described image forming member and right Seek the reflective polarizer between the guiding device described in 1.

17. display equipment according to claim 11, wherein the second light source and the first light source are identical light Source；And the wherein described identical light source is sandwiched between guiding device described in claim 1 and the light structures.

18. display equipment according to claim 6 further comprises being arranged in described image forming member and claim The reflective polarizer between guiding device described in 1.

19. display equipment according to claim 11 further comprises being arranged the polarization rotation below the guiding device Turn layer.

20. display equipment according to claim 19, wherein one or more of layers include a layer；The wherein described shape Shape includes slant edge lens array.

21. display equipment according to claim 20, further comprises reflecting layer；The external agency setting is described anti- It penetrates between layer and the polarization rotating layer.

22. display device according to claim 19, wherein one or more of layers include at least three layers；Wherein One layer of first surface is the surface between the external agency and first optical medium of the first layer, described first First optical medium of layer has first refractive index；Wherein by first optical medium in the first layer and described The shape of interface definition between second optical medium is of one in symmetrical V-shaped groove prism or Asymmetric V-type slot prism An array；The first surface of the wherein second layer is arranged on the second surface of the first layer and is the second of the first layer Surface between optical medium and the first optical medium of the second layer；Second optical medium of the first layer has Second refractive index；First optical medium of the second layer has third reflect rate；By described in the second layer The shape of interface definition between one optical medium and second optical medium is slant edge lens array；Wherein the first of third layer Surface is arranged on the second surface of the second layer and is the second optical medium of the second layer and the third layer Surface between first optical medium；Second optical medium of the second layer has fourth refractive index；The third layer First optical medium have the 5th refractive index；By in the third layer first optical medium and the second optics be situated between The shape of interface definition between matter is one the second array in symmetrical V-shaped groove prism or Asymmetric V-type slot prism；Wherein Second optical medium of the third layer has the 6th refractive index；And the second surface setting of the wherein described third layer exists Between the second optical medium and the external agency of the third layer.

23. display equipment according to claim 22, further comprises reflecting layer；The external agency setting is described anti- It penetrates between layer and the polarization rotating layer.

24. a kind of guiding device, the guiding device has one or more right-angle prisms part, the right-angle prism part tool There are at least two diagonal opposite bevel edges, one or more of parts constitute stacked structure；One or more of parts Each part has first surface and second surface；Each part includes：

First optical clear subdivision, the first optical clear subdivision include that there is the first optics of first refractive index to be situated between Matter, the first optical clear subdivision include the first surface；

Second optical clear subdivision, the second optical clear subdivision include that the second optics with the second refractive index is situated between Matter；Surface between the first optical clear subdivision and the second optical clear subdivision limits 3D shape； The 3D shape is centrosymmetric；The 3D shape, the first refractive index and second refractive index are configured to make From light source from an incident light in described at least two diagonal opposite bevel edges at the surface with certain angle Deflection, when the illumination proceeds on the interface between emitting surface and external agency, to make the light present basic Collimation is in predetermined angular；It is described to emit in the first or second surface for saving as the subdivision in one or more of subdivisions One；The emitting surface is in the interface with the external agency；One or more of subdivisions it is described at least Two diagonal opposite at least one of bevel edges are configured to receive the light from first light source；With as outer surface and institute The refractive index for stating at least one optical clear part on the surface of one of emitting surface is chosen to receive from the light source The light in shape that is not irradiated to be totally reflected；

Wherein when extending to the second surface from the first surface and perpendicular to the first surface and described second Two-dimensional shapes when being observed in the plane on surface corresponding to the 3D shape include at least one of following：Slant edge mirror battle array It arranges, the angle in face is in the symmetrical V-shaped groove prism array in 1 to 89 degree range or each the angle in face is in 1 to 89 model spent The angle of Asymmetric V-type slot prism array or each face in enclosing is in the Asymmetric V-type slot prism battle array in 1 to 89 degree range Row.

25. guiding device according to claim 24, wherein one or more of parts include a part；Wherein institute It includes slant edge lens array to state two-dimensional shapes.

26. guiding device according to claim 25, further comprises reflecting layer；The external agency setting is described anti- It penetrates between layer and the second surface；The wherein described first surface is between the external agency and first optical medium And it is the emitting surface；What the wherein described first refractive index was chosen to receive from the light source is not radiated at described Light in shape is totally reflected when being irradiated on the first surface.

27. a kind of display equipment, the display equipment includes image forming part；And the guide-lighting dress described in claim 24 It sets, the guiding device is arranged for irradiating described image forming member.

28. a kind of guiding device with one or more component prisms, the prism includes multiple trapezoidal sub- prisms, described more A trapezoidal sub- prism is fitted together to constitute rectangular prism；Space between the adjacent trapezoidal sub- prism includes medium, The refractive index of the medium is less than one any portion of refractive index in the multiple trapezoidal sub- prism；It is the multiple trapezoidal Sub- prism fits together so that the larger base portion of a trapezoidal sub- prism is assembled in the smaller of another trapezoidal sub- prism By base portion；One or more of parts constitute stacked structure；Each of one or more of parts part has the first table Face and second surface；Each part includes：

First optical clear subdivision, the first optical clear subdivision include that there is the first optics of first refractive index to be situated between Matter, the first optical clear subdivision include the first surface；And

Second optical clear subdivision, the second optical clear subdivision include that the second optics with the second refractive index is situated between Matter；Surface between the first optical clear subdivision and the second optical clear subdivision limits 3D shape；Every Symmetrical in circular arc of 3D shape centered on by vertex of a triangle in a trapezoidal sub- prism, the triangle includes Two trapezoidal base portions of each trapezoidal sub- prism；A trapezoidal sub- prism in one or more of subdivisions it is every A smaller base portion is configured for receiving the light from first light source；The 3D shape, the first refractive index and described Two refractive index are configured such that the light from an entrance in each smaller base portion from the light source with certain angle Degree deflects at the surface, when illumination proceeds on the interface between emitting surface and external agency, to make the light be in Now basic collimation is in predetermined angular；The transmitting saves as the first or second of the subdivision in one or more of subdivisions One in surface；The emitting surface is in the interface with the external agency；With as outer surface and the transmitting What the refractive index of at least one optical clear part on the surface on one of surface was chosen to receive from light source is not irradiated to The light in shape is totally reflected；

Wherein when extending to the second surface from the first surface and perpendicular to the first surface and described second Surface and when from the plane that a base portion of trapezoidal sub- prism described in one of them is arranged to another base portion, corresponds to The two-dimensional shapes of the 3D shape include at least one of following：Slant edge lens array, face angle 1 to 89 degree range in Symmetrical V-shaped groove prism array or each face angle 1 to 89 degree range in Asymmetric V-type slot prism array or Asymmetric V-type slot prism array of the angle in each face in 1 to 89 degree range.

29. guiding device according to claim 28, wherein one or more of parts include a part；Wherein institute It includes slant edge lens array to state two-dimensional shapes.

30. guiding device according to claim 29, further comprises reflecting layer；The external agency setting is described anti- It penetrates between layer and the second surface；The wherein described first surface is between the external agency and first optical medium And it is the emitting surface；What the wherein described first refractive index was chosen to receive from the light source is not irradiated to described Light in shape is totally reflected when being irradiated on the first surface.

31. a kind of display equipment, the display equipment includes image forming part；And the guide-lighting dress described in claim 28 It sets, the guiding device is arranged for irradiation described image forming member.

32. a kind of guiding device with one or more right circular cylinders part, one or more of parts are configured to stack Structure；Each of one or more of parts part has first surface and second surface；Each part includes：

Second optical clear subdivision, the second optical clear subdivision include that the second optics with the second refractive index is situated between Matter；Surface between the first optical clear subdivision and the second optical clear subdivision limits 3D shape；It is described 3D shape is centrosymmetric；The outer surface of at least one of one or more of subdivisions subdivision is configured on edge It and receives light at circumferential multiple positions of the outer surface of the right circular cylinder；Light at each position of the multiple position by A first light source in multiple first light sources provides；The 3D shape, the first refractive index and second refractive index It is configured such that the light entered from a position in the multiple position from the light source at the surface with one Angular deflection is determined, when the illumination proceeds on the interface between emitting surface and external agency, the light to be made to be rendered as Basic collimation is in predetermined angular；The transmitting saves as the first or second table of the subdivision in one or more of subdivisions One in face；The emitting surface is in the interface with the external agency；With as outer surface and the transmitting table The refractive index of at least one optical clear part on the surface in one of face is chosen to not irradiate from what the light source received It is totally reflected in the light in shape；

Wherein when extending to the second surface from the first surface and perpendicular to the first surface and described second Surface and when from the plane that the outer surface of the right circular cylinder extends radially into center, corresponds to the three-dimensional shaped The two-dimensional shapes of shape include at least one of following：Slant edge lens array, face angle 1 to 89 degree range in symmetrical V-arrangement Asymmetric V-type slot prism array or each face of the angle in slot prism array or each face in 1 to 89 degree range Asymmetric V-type slot prism array of the angle in 1 to 89 degree range.

33. guiding device according to claim 32, wherein one or more of parts include a part；Wherein institute It includes slant edge lens array to state two-dimensional shapes.

34. guiding device according to claim 33, further comprises reflecting layer；The external agency setting is described anti- It penetrates between layer and the second surface；The wherein described first surface is between the external agency and first optical medium And it is the emitting surface；What the wherein described first refractive index was chosen to receive from the light source is not irradiated to described Light in shape is totally reflected when being irradiated on the first surface.

35. a kind of display equipment, the display equipment includes image forming part；And the guide-lighting dress described in claim 32 It sets, the guiding device is arranged for irradiating described image forming member.

36. light guide equipment according to claim 32, wherein in one or more of parts of the right circular cylinder Each includes multiple trigone mirror portions, and the trigone mirror portion is extended to from the periphery of the outer surface of the right circular cylinder Radial inner position in the right circular cylinder；The vertex of each trigone mirror portion is located at the radial inner position Place；Each in the multiple trigone mirror portion includes the third optically transparent medium with third reflect rate；Described Three high refractive index are in the first refractive index and second refractive index；Multiple positions circumferentially are configured to receive and come from The light of one first light source, the first light source be located at the multiple trigone mirror portion two trigone mirror portions it Between；What the third reflect rate was chosen to receive from one first light source the be irradiated to trigone mirror portion it The light on interface between one and first optical medium or second optical medium is accordingly totally internally reflected.

37. guiding device according to claim 36, wherein one or more of parts include a part；Wherein institute It includes slant edge lens array to state two-dimensional shapes.

38. according to the guiding device described in claim 37, further comprise reflecting layer；The external agency setting is described anti- It penetrates between layer and the second surface；The wherein described first surface is between the external agency and first optical medium And it is the emitting surface；What the wherein described first refractive index was chosen to receive from the light source is not irradiated to described Light in shape is totally reflected when being irradiated on the first surface.

39. a kind of display equipment, the display equipment includes image forming part；And the guide-lighting dress described in claim 38 It sets, the guiding device is arranged for irradiation described image forming member.

40. a kind of guiding device, the guiding device has one or more hollow right circular cylinder parts, described hollow straight One or more parts of cylinder constitute stacked structure；Each of one or more of parts part have first surface and Second surface；Each part includes：

Second optical clear subdivision, the second optical clear subdivision include that the second optics with the second refractive index is situated between Matter；Surface between the first optical clear subdivision and the second optical clear subdivision limits 3D shape；It is described 3D shape is centrosymmetric；The internal surface configurations of at least one subdivision of one or more of subdivisions be along Light is received at circumferential multiple positions of the inner surface of the right circular cylinder；Light at each position of the multiple position is by more One first light source of a first light source provides；The 3D shape, the first refractive index and second refractive index configuration To make the light entered from a position in the multiple position from the light source at the surface with certain angle Deflection, when the illumination proceeds on the interface between emitting surface and external agency, to make the light that basic collimation be presented In predetermined angular；One emitted in the first or second surface for saving as the subdivision in one or more of subdivisions It is a；The emitting surface is in the interface with the external agency；With the surface as one of outer surface and emitting surface At least one optical clear part refractive index not being irradiated to of being chosen to receive from the light source it is described in shape Light be totally reflected；

Wherein when extending to the second surface from the first surface and perpendicular to the first surface and described second Surface and correspond to the three-dimensional shaped when from the plane that the outer surface of the right circular cylinder extends radially into center The two-dimensional shapes of shape include at least one of following：Slant edge lens array, face angle 1 to 89 degree range in symmetrical V-arrangement Asymmetric V-type slot prism array or each face of the angle in slot prism array or each face in 1 to 89 degree range Asymmetric V-type slot prism array of the angle in 1 to 89 degree range.

41. guiding device according to claim 40, wherein one or more of parts include a part；Wherein institute It includes slant edge lens array to state two-dimensional shapes.

42. guiding device according to claim 41, further comprises reflecting layer；The external agency setting is described anti- It penetrates between layer and the second surface；The wherein described first surface is between the external agency and first optical medium And it is the emitting surface；What the wherein described first refractive index was chosen to receive from the light source is not irradiated to described Light in shape is totally reflected when being irradiated on the first surface.

43. a kind of display equipment, the display equipment includes the guide-lighting dress described in image forming part and claim 40 It sets, the guiding device is arranged for irradiation described image forming member.