CN107286546B - 一种生物可降解高分子薄膜的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种生物可降解高分子薄膜的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107286546B
CN107286546B CN201710636226.4A CN201710636226A CN107286546B CN 107286546 B CN107286546 B CN 107286546B CN 201710636226 A CN201710636226 A CN 201710636226A CN 107286546 B CN107286546 B CN 107286546B
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吴德峰
黄婧
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Abstract

一种生物可降解高分子薄膜的制备方法,涉及可降解高分子复合薄膜的制备技术领域。本发明利用乳液法将聚己内酯和聚乙烯醇溶液混合,并采用生物型颗粒纤维素纳米晶来稳定两相界面,由此即可利用稳定颗粒的加入量来控制所得材料的相畴的大小,从而控制材料的性能。本发明一方面在无需复杂的加工工艺,另一方面仅需简单稳定颗粒加入量即可实现对生物可降解及生物相容的聚乙烯醇/聚己内酯薄膜形态的有效控制。

Description

一种生物可降解高分子薄膜的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及可降解高分子复合薄膜的制备技术领域。
背景技术
如聚己内酯(PCL)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)等生物可降解高分子是当今材料科学的研究热点。它们具有良好的生物相容性、生物可降解性以及较好的力学性能等特点,因此不仅在通用领域,而且在组织工程方面如骨组织工程、皮肤组织工程等具有重要的应用价值。不过在作为单一材料使用时这些生物可降解高分子或多或少存在着不足。如聚己内酯具有良好可加工性以及低温韧性、生物适应性也比较好,但降解速率较慢;而水溶性的聚乙烯醇具有一定的强度和较快的降解速率,但其韧性及在高湿环境下阻氧性较差。由于两者性能正好互补,将两者混合是获得综合性能较为优异的生物可降解材料简单易行的方法。
不过聚乙烯醇的加工性能较差,往往在未达到熔融状态时就已经降解,无法满足熔融共混的条件,而用溶液共混时,聚乙烯醇与聚己内酯之间热力学的不相容,使得它们的共混材料相畴较大且界面粘结松散,反而无法体现各自的优势性能。
Pickering乳液是近些年比较热门的研究方向,它是用固体颗粒代替传统的表面活性剂从而稳定不相容两相界面。相比于传统的乳液,Pickering乳液具有无毒、稳定性、刺激响应性等明显优势。
发明内容
本发明的目的就在于克服两种聚合物热力学上不相容带来的宏观相分离的缺陷,提出一种生物可降解高分子复合薄膜的制备方法。
本发明技术方案是:将聚乙烯醇溶于水后与纤维素纳米晶、聚己内酯的三氯甲烷溶液混合,经乳化分散制备成Pickering乳液,然后涂抹于玻璃板上,再经真空干燥,得生物可降解高分子薄膜。
本发明使用第三组分——生物可降解的纳米颗粒纤维素纳米晶作为固体乳化剂,利用乳化分散的方法,将不相容的聚己内酯与聚乙烯醇两相制备成Pickering乳液,经真空干燥制成膜,通过纤维素纳米晶的加入有效改善聚乙烯醇/聚己内酯体系的相界面粘结,从而实现两组分间性能互补,获得性能优异的生物可降解高分子薄膜材料,并保持了材料的生物可降解性。
本发明的优点在于利用简便易行的乳液法将聚己内酯和聚乙烯醇溶液混合,并采用生物型颗粒纤维素纳米晶来稳定两相界面,由此即可利用稳定颗粒的加入量来控制所得材料的相畴的大小,从而控制材料的性能。本发明一方面在无需复杂的加工工艺,另一方面仅需简单稳定颗粒加入量即可实现对生物可降解及生物相容的聚乙烯醇/聚己内酯薄膜形态的有效控制。
聚乙烯醇是一种水溶性的高分子,因而先溶于水配置成水溶液。聚己内酯不溶于水,但溶于三氯甲烷后即形成油溶液。本发明先将聚乙烯醇溶于水后与其它组分再混合成为不相容的水/油乳液体系。
进一步地,本发明优先选用聚己内酯的数均分子量为40,000~60,000,熔点为50~70℃。本发明优先选用该聚己内酯可以适当改善聚乙烯醇的强度,并减慢其降解速度,提高聚乙烯醇其在环境中的稳定性,此种聚己内酯在三氯甲烷中溶解后,油溶液的粘度与聚乙烯醇水溶液相匹配,可以在复合薄膜中形成较为均一的分散相,并且在其潜在的应用方面可以提供较好的力学性能。
本发明优先选用聚乙烯醇的分子量为250,000~290,000,选用该聚乙烯醇在制备乳液的过程中产生的气泡较少,有利于均一薄膜的形成。
所述聚乙烯醇与聚己内酯、纤维素纳米晶的投料质量比为8∶2∶1~2。纤维素的用量控制是必要的。作为稳定颗粒的纤维素纳米晶,用量过少对聚乙烯醇和聚己内酯界面之间的稳定作用不大;而用量过多纤维素会在一相产生过度的絮凝现象,从而不能很好的覆盖在液滴表面,反而不利于复合薄膜的形成。
所述聚乙烯醇溶于水后形成的聚乙烯醇水溶液的浓度为0.1g/mL。此浓度是根据成膜过程中样品的流延性确定的。若溶液溶度过低,所形成的乳液过稀,无法成膜;若溶液浓度过高,所制备出的乳液过于粘稠,不易于均匀涂抹于玻璃板,从而无法得到厚度均一的薄膜。
所述聚己内酯的三氯甲烷溶液中聚己内酯浓度为0.1g/mL。此浓度是根据成膜过程中样品的流延性确定的。若溶液溶度过低,所形成的乳液过稀,无法成膜;若溶液浓度过高,所制备出的乳液过于粘稠,不易于均匀涂抹于玻璃板,从而无法得到厚度均一的薄膜。
所述乳化分散的温度条件为40℃。在此乳化分散温度下,可加快氯仿的挥发,避免了后期薄膜制备过程中分散相溶剂挥发而导致的相分离现象。
所述真空干燥温度为40℃。由于聚己内酯的熔融温度为50℃~70℃,选择40℃真空干燥,可以在避免聚己内酯不熔融的情况下,保证最快的烘干速度,薄膜内部两相形态不会受到影响。
附图说明
图1是实施例1取得乳液产品的光学显微镜照片。
图2是实施例2取得乳液产品的光学显微镜照片。
图3是对比例1取得产品烘干后的扫描电镜图片。
图4是对比例2取得产品烘干后的扫描电镜图片。
图5是实施例2取得产品烘干后的扫描电镜图片。
图6是实施例3取得产品烘干后的扫描电镜图片。
具体实施方式
原料说明:以下各例中,聚己内酯的数均分子量为40,000~60,000,熔点为50~70℃。聚乙烯醇的分子量为250,000~290,000。
实施例1:
取20g聚己内酯溶于三氯甲烷中,制得浓度为0.1g/mL的聚己内酯三氯甲烷溶液。
将聚乙烯醇80g加入到水中,80℃下溶解制备成浓度为0.1g/mL的聚乙烯醇水溶液,随后加入纤维素纳米晶10g混匀,再加入以上聚己内酯三氯甲烷溶液,在40℃、10000转/分钟的转子转速下乳化处理3分钟,取得制备成Pickering乳液。
将Pickering乳液涂抹于玻璃板上,于40℃真空干燥,得薄膜。
实施例2:
取20g聚己内酯溶于三氯甲烷中,制得浓度为0.1g/mL的聚己内酯三氯甲烷溶液。
将聚乙烯醇80g加入到水中,80℃下溶解制备成浓度为0.1g/mL的聚乙烯醇水溶液,随后加入纤维素纳米晶20g混匀,再加入以上聚己内酯三氯甲烷溶液,在40℃、10000转/分钟的转子转速下乳化处理3分钟,取得制备成Pickering乳液。
将Pickering乳液涂抹于玻璃板上,于40℃真空干燥,得薄膜。
对比例1:
将聚乙烯醇20g、聚己内酯80g加入到甲酸中,在室温、10000转/分钟的转子转速下乳化混合10分钟后,涂抹于玻璃板上,烘干得薄膜。
对比例2:
取20g聚己内酯溶于三氯甲烷中,制得浓度为0.1g/mL的聚己内酯三氯甲烷溶液。
将聚乙烯醇80g加入到水中,80℃下溶解制备成浓度为0.1g/mL的聚乙烯醇水溶液,随后加入纤维素纳米晶30g混匀,再加入以上聚己内酯三氯甲烷溶液,在40℃、10000转/分钟的转子转速下乳化处理3分钟,取得制备成Pickering乳液。
将Pickering乳液涂抹于玻璃板上,于40℃真空干燥,得薄膜。
分析:
图1、2分别是实施例1、2取得乳液产品常温下于可见光模式的光学显微镜照片。由图中可见,通过改变纤维素纳米晶的含量,可以很好的改变PCL/PVA体系中液滴的大小。
图3,4,5,6分别是对比例1,2及实施例1,2的扫描电镜照片。从图3中可以看出,对比例1由溶液法直接混合制得的薄膜分散相分布十分不均一,且分散相与连续相之间粘结并不紧密。而加入了纤维素纳米晶体作为稳定颗粒后乳液的图4和图5十分稳定,且分散小均一,液滴粒径小与界面的结合也较为紧密,这样可以更好的发挥两相结合的优势。但图4中加入了过量纤维素纳米晶后的对比例2,因为过度的絮凝作用,反而不利于均一液滴的产生,从而影响了材料性能。

Claims (3)

1.一种生物可降解高分子薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于:将聚乙烯醇溶于水后与纤维素纳米晶、聚己内酯的三氯甲烷溶液混合,经乳化分散制备成Pickering乳液,然后涂抹于玻璃板上,再经真空干燥,得生物可降解高分子薄膜;
所述聚己内酯的数均分子量为40,000~60,000,熔点为50~70℃;
所述聚乙烯醇的分子量为250,000~290,000;
所述聚乙烯醇与聚己内酯、纤维素纳米晶的投料质量比为8∶2∶1~2;
所述聚己内酯的三氯甲烷溶液中聚己内酯浓度为0.1g/mL;
所述乳化分散的温度条件为40℃。
2.根据权利要求1所述生物可降解薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于所述聚乙烯醇溶于水后形成的聚乙烯醇水溶液的浓度为0.1g/mL。
3.根据权利要求1所述生物可降解薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于所述真空干燥温度为40℃。
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