CN106984831A - Method for turning and the lathe using this method - Google Patents

Method for turning and the lathe using this method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106984831A
CN106984831A CN201710043717.8A CN201710043717A CN106984831A CN 106984831 A CN106984831 A CN 106984831A CN 201710043717 A CN201710043717 A CN 201710043717A CN 106984831 A CN106984831 A CN 106984831A
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China
Prior art keywords
cutter
turning
flutter
knife
point
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CN201710043717.8A
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CN106984831B (en
Inventor
中西贤
中西贤一
柿沼康弘
铃木教和
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Nagoya University NUC
Keio University
Nakamura Tome Precision Industry Co Ltd
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Nagoya University NUC
Keio University
Nakamura Tome Precision Industry Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201910747922.1A priority Critical patent/CN110480031B/en
Publication of CN106984831A publication Critical patent/CN106984831A/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B1/00—Methods for turning or working essentially requiring the use of turning-machines; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/0032—Arrangements for preventing or isolating vibrations in parts of the machine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
    • B23Q5/22—Feeding members carrying tools or work
    • B23Q5/34—Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automatic Control Of Machine Tools (AREA)
  • Turning (AREA)
  • Numerical Control (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of method for turning and using the lathe of this method, the generation of the flutter when method for turning can easily suppress turnery processing, and production efficiency is high.The use of the present invention possesses the method for turning of the workpiece of the turning machining device of one or two main shafts and more than two tool tables, it is characterized in that, workpiece is held in the main shaft that can be rotated, the configuration around center of rotation axis of the point of a knife of the point of a knife of the first cutter and the second cutter is configured to relative to to 180 ° of balanced arrangements angle of deviation only as defined in deflectionState, turnery processing is carried out in this condition.

Description

Method for turning and the lathe using this method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for turning and using the lathe of this method, the method for turning inhibits flutter Generation.
Background technology
In the case of carrying out turnery processing, it is when being turned on thing making a side of workpiece be held in the main shaft of lathe etc. During long size component, due to radial direction rigidity decline and exist machining accuracy decline, occur flutter the problem of.
The central part that workpiece front end is supported by tailstock unit was used in order to suppress the generation of flutter in the past, or was passed through The method that the supporter of roller guide etc. stops the sidepiece for the supporting workpiece that shakes.
But, above-mentioned prior art brings restriction in the presence of the machining shape for workpiece, needs special centre bearing The problem of the guide rail mechanism of mechanism or sidepiece etc..
Patent document 1 discloses the amplitude of fluctuation and variable cycle calculated by moment of inertia etc. when making rotation speed change, And based on the variation of this control rotating speed, so as to suppress the method for flutter.
Therefore, the method for turning disclosed in the publication is for the method for the rotation speed change for controlling workpiece.
Patent document 2 discloses that configuring roughing cutter head and finishing knife in the way of point of a knife is located at 180 ° of the position of staggering Head and carry out the technology of turnery processing.
But, if using processing method disclosed in the publication, the stability of turning declines, and exists when the rigidity of workpiece is low The problem of Shi Wufa is used.
Prior art literature
Patent document
Patent document 1：Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2014-79867 publications
Patent document 2：Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2014-195856 publications
Patent document 3：Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2010-271880 publications
The content of the invention
(the invention technical problem to be solved)
It is an object of the invention to provide it is a kind of can easily suppress turnery processing when the generation of flutter, production efficiency High method for turning and the lathe using this method.
(technical scheme for solving technical problem)
Method for turning of the present invention, it is to use to possess one or two main shafts and more than two cutters The method for turning of the workpiece of the turning machining device of platform, workpiece is held in the main shaft that can be rotated, by the first cutter The configuration around center of rotation axis of the point of a knife of point of a knife and the second cutter, is configured to relative to only inclined to 180 ° of balanced arrangements Angle of deviation as defined in tiltedlyState, turnery processing is carried out in this condition.
Here, presumption is by by the configuration around center of rotation axis of the point of a knife of the point of a knife of the first cutter and the second cutter Relative to relatively staggering to 180 ° of balanced arrangements, the Regenerative Chatter produced on each point of a knife (cutting edge) is counteracted, so as to Enough suppress the generation of the flutter.
The main shaft that can be rotated includes the main shaft of control rotating speed or the main shaft of opened loop control etc., is not particularly limited.
The present invention is the work using the turning machining device for possessing one or two main shafts and more than two tool tables Workpiece, can be held in the main shaft that can be rotated by the method for turning of part, by the knife of only the first cutter or the first cutter The point of a knife of point and the second cutter is oppositely disposed around center of rotation axis, in the point of a knife for making first cutter and the second cutter One side or both sides is around the center of rotation axis with angle of deviationWithScope (shake angle) swing movement it is same Shi Jinhang turnery processings.
Furthermore, it is possible to combine above two method for turning.
In this case, preferably the deflection of point of a knife is carried out partially in the way of angle as defined in the withdrawing angle of point of a knife is not less than Tiltedly.
Here, defined angle is that can significantly be obtained in the case where that will not produce abnormal tool loss or point of a knife power It is 0~7 ° of scope to the angle of the limit of anterior angle.
Preferably 0~3 ° of scope.
In addition, lathe of the present invention has：By the main shaft of rotation control, the center of rotation axis around the main shaft First setting unit of the oppositely disposed cutter of setting first and the second setting unit that the second cutter is set；The spy of the lathe Levy and be, also have：The detection unit of flutter, the main shaft, flutter during detection turnery processing are held in by workpiece；Differentiate single Member, differentiates the presence or absence of described flutter；Arithmetic element, when being determined as existing flutter by the judgement unit, calculates the flutter Frequency；Mobile control unit, based on the frequency of the flutter obtained by the arithmetic element, makes the point of a knife of first cutter The configuration around center of rotation axis with the point of a knife of the second cutter to 180 ° of balanced arrangements with described first relative to setting One side or both sides in unit and the second setting unit turns into defined angle of deviationMode be controlled.
In addition, lathe of the present invention has：By the main shaft of rotation control, the center of rotation axis around the main shaft First setting unit of the first cutter or the first setting unit of the oppositely disposed cutter of setting first are only set and the is set Second setting unit of two cutters；The lathe is characterised by also having：The detection unit of flutter, institute is held in by workpiece State main shaft, flutter during detection turnery processing；Judgement unit, differentiates the presence or absence of described flutter；Arithmetic element, sentences when by described When other unit is determined as existing flutter, the frequency of the flutter is calculated；Control unit is shaken, based on being obtained by the arithmetic element Flutter frequency, for first setting unit or the second setting unit one side or both sides around pivot The angle of deviation of axisWithIn the range of carry out shake control.
Further, can also possess the movement control unit and shake control unit both sides.
As long as here, the setting unit of cutter can control entering relative to the approach of workpiece, direction of feed for point of a knife The movement of predetermined angular scope to amount and around center of rotation axis, its structure is not limited.
For example, the turning machining device of the tool table with cutter rack lathe or multijoint control can be enumerated as an example.
In the case of using to knife rest, the situation for not only making the position of the direction of feed of two knife rests completely the same, Supplying position there is a situation where relative poor to be also contained in the present invention.
Also, by adjustment be installed on tool table cutter angle and make to two points of a knife be configured to decreasing worm-pitch Situation etc. be also contained in the present invention.
The present invention also includes the side that workpiece is kept by main shaft, and the feelings of opposite side are supported by tailstock or center support Condition.
(The effect of invention)
It is existing merely the point of a knife of the cutter of two lathe tools etc. is staggered 180 ° above and below the center of rotation axis match somebody with somebody In the balance cutting put, because the cutter above and below simultaneously carries out turnery processing, therefore double add can not only obtain Work efficiency rate, and due to the turning dynamic balance produced on the processing stand above and below, therefore, suppress the static buckling of workpiece in theory On be possible, but exist for flutter stability it is low the problem of.
In this regard, the present invention can easily suppress flutter by carrying out decreasing worm-pitch turning or carrying out shake turning Occur, in decreasing worm-pitch turning, make the point of a knife of two oppositely disposed cutters relative to the uniform pitch to 180 °, with energy The point of a knife of the cutter of one side is configured at the defined angle of deviation that only staggers by the mode for accessing optimal spiral angular difference Δ θPosition Turnery processing is carried out in the state of putting, in turning is shaken, the point of a knife of cutter is only shaken around center of rotation axis with defined Dynamic angleCarry out carrying out turnery processing while swing movement.
In addition, in decreasing worm-pitch turning and shaking in turning, although the mechanism for suppressing flutter is different, it can obtain steady Identical effect has been able to confirm that on this aspect of fixed turning.
The content of the spiral angular difference and angle of deviation used in this specification is shown in Figure 10.
Also, as the lathe for the implementation for being adapted to above-mentioned turnery processing, the present invention is due to possessing the detection unit of flutter, quivering The optimal spiral angular difference Δ θ of the judgement unit that the presence or absence of shakes, the frequency calculation based on flutter arithmetic element optimal is shaken Dynamic angleArithmetic element, therefore, it is possible to the high lathe of the production efficiency of the generation for the flutter that has been inhibited.
The present invention is suppressing being turned on thing on this aspect of generation flutter in turnery processing, can be applied to variously-shaped Product turning.
When the length of a diameter of D, workpiece in workpiece are L, the car of the workpiece of long sizes more than particularly preferred L/D >=6 Cut.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of decreasing worm-pitch turning.
Fig. 2 (a) shows the schematic diagram of shake turning, and Fig. 2 (b), which shows decreasing worm-pitch turning being combined in, shakes showing for turning Example, Fig. 2 (c) show to make above and below the example shaken of point of a knife.
Fig. 3 shows the example of the control flow of lathe of the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows the first experiment condition, wherein, it above and below 1000/min, incision is 0.1mm that the speed of mainshaft, which is, feeding speed Spend for 0.1mm/rev.
Fig. 5 (a), Fig. 5 (b), Fig. 5 (c), Fig. 5 (d) show angle of deviationWhen turning surface concavo-convex appearance Measure result (from the machine of downside measure), Fig. 5 (b) be apart from workpiece front end 20mm, Fig. 5 (c) be apart from workpiece front end 40mm, Fig. 5 (d) is apart from workpiece front end 60mm.
Fig. 6 (a), Fig. 6 (b) show angle of deviationWhen turning surface concavo-convex appearance measurement result (under Measured on the machine of side), Fig. 6 (b) is apart from workpiece front end 20mm.
Fig. 7 (a), Fig. 7 (b) show angle of deviationWhen turning surface concavo-convex appearance measurement result (under Measured on the machine of side), Fig. 7 (b) is apart from workpiece front end 20mm.
Fig. 8 shows the second experiment condition, wherein, workpiece species is SUS303, is used Protruded from chuck 130mm, 100mm is machined to from front end, and in upside, the back side of lathe tool has acceleration transducer (ピ ッ Network ア ッ プ), lathe tool cutter head Using CNMM, withdrawing angle is 5 °, and cutting angle is 80 °.
Fig. 9 shows the experiment condition of shake turning, wherein, S=1720/min, F=172mm/min, t=0.125mm, work Part species is BsBM (cutting brass soon), is usedIt is worked into from front end to 100mmShake outer diameter face.
Figure 10 shows spiral angular difference Δ θ and angle of deviation in this specificationDefinition, Δ θ=θ1-θ2。
The relation that Figure 11 (a), Figure 11 (b) show to cut and fed.
Figure 12 shows the variation of decreasing worm-pitch turning, shows the posture of cutter.
Symbol description
10 main shafts
11 first cutters
12 second cutters
Angle of deviation
Angle of deviation
θ1The helical angle of first cutter (cutting edge 1)
θ2The helical angle of second cutter (cutting edge 2)
O reference axis.
Embodiment
Illustrate the example of method for turning of the present invention below.
Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of decreasing worm-pitch turning.
A workpiece W side is clamped in the side of main shaft 10 and rotation control is carried out.
Relative to to 180 ° of balanced arrangements, making the point of a knife 11a and the second cutter (lathe tool) 12 of the first cutter (lathe tool) 11 Point of a knife 12a configuration only stagger angle of deviation around center of rotation axisIn this condition from both sides while turner.
Here, optimal angle of deviationIt may be referred to the spiral angular difference Δ θ tried to achieve by following formula (1).
[formula 1]
Here, n is the rotating speed of main shaft, fc shows the frequency of flutter, m takes 0,1,2,3 ... value.
Here, m is preferably 0.
Optimal angle of deviationValue it is different because of the rigidity of workpiece and turning conditions,Tried to achieve relative to by above-mentioned formula (1) Δ θ be preferably the Δ θ of 1/4 Δ θ~3/4 scope.
Fig. 1 shows the example of the periphery turning of workpiece, or end face processing or taper processing of workpiece etc., processing Method is unrestricted.
Fig. 2 (a) shows to shake the schematic diagram of turning.
Workpiece W side is clamped in the side of main shaft 10 and rotation control is carried out.
Make the point of a knife 11a of the first cutter 11 with defined angle of deviationWithScope shake angleDefined week Turnery processing is carried out while phase shakes such as 20Hz.
In addition it is also possible to make the extremely low frequency that the cycle is, for example, below 1Hz.
Angle of deviation0 ° can also be included.
In this case, optimal shake angleIt is different because of turning conditions.
In addition, Fig. 2 (b), Fig. 2 (c) are that decreasing worm-pitch turning is combined in the example for shaking turning.
Fig. 2 (b) is the example for only shaking the point of a knife of upside, and Fig. 2 (c) is the example for making the point of a knife of downside also shake.
Fig. 2 (a), Fig. 2 (b), Fig. 2 (c) show the example of Workpiece periphery processing, but can also be applied to the end face of workpiece The various processing such as processing or taper processing.
Fig. 3 shows the example of the flow of the control system of lathe of the present invention.
When processing starts (step S1) after, can be by the external sensor or interference observer of acceleration transducer etc. In the state of (observer) monitoring vibration or cutting load, start turnery processing (step S2)。
Here, so-called interference observer refers to based on input to making driver element that the workpiece of support rotates or tool table The electric current contrast signal of driver element and from the driver element export angle/position detection signal and estimate for it is described drive The interference of moving cell.
Specifically, the content of the patent document 3 of the part inventor submission of the present invention can be introduced.
Now, frequency content (the step S of acceleration or cutting load etc. is analyzed by FFT etc. frequency analysis3), make For the judgement unit of the presence or absence of flutter, such as (the step in the case where being determined as that aforementioned frequencies composition exceedes defined threshold value S4), the signal is detected by the detection unit of flutter and flutter number fc (frequency of flutter) is determined.
For example, can be tried to achieve by following formula (2).
[formula 2]
Wherein, E：Modulus of elasticity, I：Section second moment, A：Sectional area, ρ：Density, λ is constant, l：Length.
When can determine the frequency of flutter, with reference to what is tried to achieve according to other turning conditions by aforementioned formula (1) Δ θ, can set angle of deviationOr shake angle
In order to perform decreasing worm-pitch turning and to step S5~S7-2Promote, in order to perform shake turning and to step S8~ S10-2Promote, process finishing (step S11)。
Then, experimental result is illustrated.
First experiment carries out decreasing worm-pitch turning.
The pole of diameter 33mm, length 200mm aluminium alloy is used as processing workpiece.
It is being configured at the knife rest of upside and is being configured at the lathe tool for being respectively mounted and being made up of super-hard cutter bits on the knife rest of downside, is leading to Cross the condition shown in Fig. 4 and carry out turnery processing.
So that from two cutter heads to the angle of deviation to 180 ° of deflectionsTurnery processing is carried out for 0 °, 15 °, 30 ° of condition, Afterwards, Fig. 5 (a) to Fig. 5 (d) and figure will be shown in the concavo-convex result of direction of feed and the turning surface of circumferencial direction measure 6 (a) is to Fig. 6 (b).
In the case of, occur flutter and become big, butWhen confirm there is no flutter.
Also,When, bumps ratioWhen reduce.
In addition, the frequency of measurement to flutter is 516Hz.
It is possible thereby to clearly learn, method for turning of the present invention is effective for suppressing flutter.
Fig. 8, table 1 show the second experiment condition and setup parameter.
Lathe tool uses the PCLNR2020 that タ Application ガ ロ イ societies make, and cutter head uses CNMM.
Also, the results are shown in table 1.
Table 1 (processing result)
Shown in table 1 oppositely disposed with 180 DEG C of balance.
By the result it has been confirmed that optimal angle of deviationIt is different also according to turning conditions, in this experiment condition, phase For (the Δ θ=θ) tried to achieve by formula (1), optimum condition is near 1/4 θ.
Also, according to diameter of work, optimal angle of deviationAppear near 1/2 θ, 3/4 θ.
Then, shake turning is carried out as the 3rd experiment.
Pass through the experiment condition shown in Fig. 9, comparative studies angle of deviationAnd shake angle
S shows the rotating speed of main shaft in figure, and F shows feed speed, and t shows approach.
First, it is 180 ° of the first cutter and the second cutter is oppositely disposed, when balancing cutting, from the front end of workpiece to about Flutter occurs at 50mm.
For this, when with angle of deviationFrequency 20Hz shakes angleWhen, do not quiver completely Shake.
Then, the expansion example of the present invention is illustrated.
In the case of decreasing worm-pitch turning, except as shown in Figure 11 (a) make the first cutter 11 and the second cutter 12 Outside incision direction and direction of feed (supplying position) is the situations of the same terms, the present invention can also as shown in Figure 11 (b), The position of the feeding relative to workpiece W is set relatively to stagger in first cutter 11 and the second cutter 12.
In this case, can not only make approach identical, can also in the first cutter 11 and the second cutter 12 for Approach sets difference.
In addition, the shape of tool of the first cutter 11 and the second cutter 12 can be not only identical situation, can also be mutual It is different.
Also, except for example making the point of a knife 11a of the first cutter 11 from 180 ° to only inclined to position in decreasing worm-pitch turning , can also be as shown in figure 12 outside the situation of angle as defined in tiltedly, suppress regeneration by making the posture of cutter change and quiver Shake.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of method for turning, it is to be added using the turning for possessing one or two main shafts and more than two tool tables The method for turning for the workpiece that frock is put, it is characterised in that
Workpiece is held in the main shaft that can be rotated, the point of a knife of the point of a knife of the first cutter and the second cutter is surrounded into pivot The configuration of axis, is configured to relative to to 180 ° of balanced arrangements angle of deviation only as defined in deflectionState, in this condition Carry out turnery processing.
2. a kind of method for turning, it is to be added using the turning for possessing one or two main shafts and more than two tool tables The method for turning for the workpiece that frock is put, it is characterised in that
Workpiece is held in the main shaft that can be rotated, by the point of a knife of the point of a knife and the second cutter of only the first cutter or the first cutter It is oppositely disposed around center of rotation axis, the one side or both sides in the point of a knife of first cutter and the second cutter is surrounded institute Center of rotation axis is stated with angle of deviationWithScope (shake angle) swing movement while carry out turning.
3. a kind of method for turning, it is characterised in that its be by method for turning according to claim 1 and according to The method that method for turning described in claim 2 is combined.
4. method for turning according to any one of claim 1 to 3, it is characterised in that the deflection of the point of a knife with The mode that the withdrawing angle of point of a knife is not less than defined angle enters line skew.
5. a kind of lathe, has：Main shaft, around the oppositely disposed cutter of setting first of the center of rotation axis of the main shaft One setting unit and the second setting unit that the second cutter is set；The lathe is characterised by also having：
The detection unit of flutter, the main shaft, flutter during detection turnery processing are held in by workpiece；
Judgement unit, differentiates the presence or absence of described flutter；
Arithmetic element, when being determined as existing flutter by the judgement unit, calculates the frequency of the flutter；
Mobile control unit, based on the frequency of the flutter obtained by the arithmetic element, make first cutter point of a knife and The configuration around center of rotation axis of the point of a knife of second cutter with described first to 180 ° of balanced arrangements relative to setting single One side or both sides in member and the second setting unit turns into defined angle of deviationMode be controlled.
6. a kind of lathe, has：Main shaft, the center of rotation axis around the main shaft only set the first of the first cutter to set single First setting unit of first or oppositely disposed cutter of setting first and the second setting unit that the second cutter is set；The machine Bed is characterised by also having：
The detection unit of flutter, the main shaft, flutter during detection turnery processing are held in by workpiece；
Judgement unit, differentiates the presence or absence of described flutter；
Arithmetic element, when being determined as existing flutter by the judgement unit, calculates the frequency of the flutter；
Shake control unit, based on the frequency of the flutter obtained by the arithmetic element, for first setting unit or The one side or both sides of the setting unit of person second is in the angle of deviation around center of rotation axisWithIn the range of shaken Control.
7. the lathe according to claim 5 or 6, it is characterised in that possess the mobile control unit and shake control list First both sides.
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