CN106866560B - 一种Lesinurad的合成方法 - Google Patents
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- FGQFOYHRJSUHMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N lesinurad Chemical compound OC(=O)CSC1=NN=C(Br)N1C(C1=CC=CC=C11)=CC=C1C1CC1 FGQFOYHRJSUHMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229960003838 lesinurad Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229940125782 compound 2 Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- WFJRIDQGVSJLLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl n-aminocarbamate Chemical compound COC(=O)NN WFJRIDQGVSJLLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
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- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Chemical group BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 201000005569 Gout Diseases 0.000 description 3
- LEHOTFFKMJEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uric Acid Chemical compound N1C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1NC(=O)N2 LEHOTFFKMJEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- TVWHNULVHGKJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uric acid Natural products N1C(=O)NC(=O)C2NC(=O)NC21 TVWHNULVHGKJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- 201000001431 Hyperuricemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001460 carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RNEACARJKXYVND-KQGZCTBQSA-N (2r)-2-[[(5z)-5-[(5-ethylfuran-2-yl)methylidene]-4-oxo-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound O1C(CC)=CC=C1\C=C/1C(=O)N=C(N[C@@H](C(O)=O)C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)S\1 RNEACARJKXYVND-KQGZCTBQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MPNGLQDRSJNLPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[[2-[[5-bromo-4-(4-cyclopropylnaphthalen-1-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]sulfanyl]acetyl]amino]-3-chlorobenzoic acid Chemical compound ClC1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1NC(=O)CSC1=NN=C(Br)N1C(C1=CC=CC=C11)=CC=C1C1CC1 MPNGLQDRSJNLPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001415342 Ardea Species 0.000 description 1
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- 101000821903 Homo sapiens Solute carrier family 22 member 12 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000012659 Joint disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PHSPJQZRQAJPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-alpha-Methylhistamine Chemical compound CNCCC1=CN=CN1 PHSPJQZRQAJPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000297 Sandmeyer reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000031709 bromination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005893 bromination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002330 electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000119 electrospray ionisation mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- PQJJJMRNHATNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl bromoacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CBr PQJJJMRNHATNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- QABLOFMHHSOFRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-chloroacetate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCl QABLOFMHHSOFRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NAFSTSRULRIERK-UHFFFAOYSA-M monosodium urate Chemical compound [Na+].N1C([O-])=NC(=O)C2=C1NC(=O)N2 NAFSTSRULRIERK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940126701 oral medication Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- VODRWDBLLGYRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl 2-chloroacetate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)CCl VODRWDBLLGYRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D249/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D249/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
- C07D249/08—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
- C07D249/10—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D249/12—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
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- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种Lesinurad的合成方法,该方法以1‑环丙基萘‑4基‑异硫氰酸酯(化合物7)为起始原料,与肼基甲酸甲酯进行亲核加成反应生成化合物6,化合物6在氢氧化钠的作用下环化生成化合物5,化合物5再与化合物4缩合脱除一分子卤化氢生成化合物3,化合物3经溴化后生成化合物2,最后在碱的作用下水解得到目标产物Lesinurad。本发明的制备方法简单易行,制备化合物2引入溴原子时通过化合物3的羟基进行亲核取代反应进行,避免了目标产物中α溴代羧酸杂质的产生;本申请反应产物纯度高,可达到99.5%以上;副反应少,所得目标产物收率较高,可达到96%;同时,整个制备过程中多使用的原料均无毒性,便于实现工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药制备技术领域,具体指一种Lesinurad的新合成方法。
背景技术
痛风是以单钠尿酸盐沉淀所致的晶体相关性关节病,与嘌呤代谢絮乱和尿酸排泄减少所致的高尿酸血症直接相关。Lesinured是一种促尿酸排泄口服药,可通过抑制肾近曲小管的尿酸转运子URAT1而治疗有高尿酸血症的痛风患者。Lesinurad的化学名为2-[[5-溴-4-(4-环丙基-1-萘)-4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基]硫代]乙酸,CAS号为878672-00-5,该药物的化学结构式如下所示:
最初该化合物是由2006年Valeant合成的化合物5(RDEA806)发展而来,其合成路线如下:
不久之后,Ardea Bio发现了对治疗痛风更有效果的Lesinurad。现有Lesinurad的常规合成路线为:
该路线中在化合物3合成化合物4的时候,由于氨基没有保护会与氯乙酸甲酯发生取代反应而不可避免地产生双取代杂质,对Lesinurad的质量产生显著影响,而且化合物4到化合物的收率不到50%,成本较高。
CN201310482334.2专利报道了一种Lesinurad的合成方法,其合成路线如下:
该路线在溴化时使用了剧毒物液溴,不利于实现工业化。
因此,对于目前Lesinurad的合成方法,有待于做进一步改进。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的现状,提供一种简便易行、收率高、质量好、便于工业化生产的Lesinurad的合成方法。
本发明解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案为:一种Lesinurad的合成方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)向有机溶剂中加入下式化合物7,然后加入肼基甲酸甲酯,加热反应,反应结束后加入水搅拌使产物析出,过滤、干燥得下式6化合物;
(2)使式6化合物在碱性溶液中加热发生环合反应,再用酸调反应液的pH至酸性,析出产物,过滤、干燥得到下式5化合物;
(3)将式5化合物溶解于有机溶剂中,再加入缚酸剂,冷却到0~10℃后滴入式4化合物反应0.5~2小时,反应结束后,依次萃取、浓缩、重晶,得下式3化合物;
其中,X为氯或溴,R为甲基、乙基或异丙基;
(4)使式3化合物在溴化试剂的作用下发生溴化反应,产物经重结晶后得到下式2化合物;
(5)化合物2在碱性溶液中发生水解,反应结束得到下式1化合物,式1化合物即为目标产物Lesinurad,
在上述方案中,步骤(1)中的反应温度为50~60℃。
优选地,步骤(2)中的碱性溶液为氢氧化钠溶液;反应温度为80~90℃。
优选地,步骤(3)中所述的有机溶剂为乙酸乙酯;所述的缚酸剂为碳酸钾。
优选地,步骤(3)中所述的式4化合物与式5化合物的摩尔比为1~2:1。
优选地,步骤(4)中所述的溴化试剂为三溴氧磷。
优选地,步骤(5)所述的碱性溶液为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂中的一种。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:本发明的制备方法简单易行,在制备过程中通过制备新的化合物3从而进一步完成了目标产物的制备。本申请在制备化合物2引入溴原子时通过化合物3的羟基进行亲核取代反应进行,而不是通过NBS进行自由基反应引入溴,从而避免了目标产物中α溴代羧酸杂质的产生;与现有技术中通过氨基进行Sandmeyer反应引入溴原子的方法相比,本申请反应产物纯度高,可达到99.5%以上;副反应少,所得目标产物收率较高,可达到96%;同时,整个制备过程中多使用的原料均无毒性,便于实现工业化生产。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中化合物3的1H-NMR图谱;
图2为本发明实施例1中化合物3的13C-NMR图谱;
图3为本发明实施例1中Lesinurad的HPLC图谱;
图4为本发明实施例1中Lesinurad的ESI-MS图谱;
图5为本发明实施例1中Lesinurad的红外图谱;
图6为本发明实施例1中Lesinurad的1H-NMR图谱;
图7为本发明实施例1中Lesinurad的13C-NMR图谱。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。
实施例1:
本实施例中Lesinurad的合成方法包括以下步骤:
(1)室温下,将100g式7化合物、500mL DMF、48g肼基甲酸甲酯混合并加到反应瓶中,加热使反应混合物升温至50~60℃,并保温搅拌5~8小时;反应结束后将反应液冷却到室温,加入4000mL水使产物析出,过滤并干燥得式6化合物干品125g,收率为89%;
(2)室温下将100g式6化合物加到1500mL 1M的氢氧化钠溶液中,加热到80~90℃保温1小时溶清,TLC检测反应结束后冷却至室温,滴加3500mL 5%盐酸溶液析出固体,过滤后得湿品,55℃热风烘箱干燥至恒重,得式5化合物干品85g,收率为95.5%;
(3)室温下,将0.3mol式5化合物与碳酸钾、DMF混合于反应瓶中,使混合液冷却至0~5℃,滴加0.33mol溴乙酸乙酯,10分钟滴完,滴完后将反应液加热到15~25℃反应1小时,TLC监测反应接收后加入1000mL水,然后用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,再用饱和食盐水洗,接着用无水硫酸镁干燥,减压浓缩得到固体,再加入500mL乙酸乙酯打浆30分钟,过滤并干燥得式3化合物78g,收率为91%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ8.53(d,J=8Hz,1H),7.66(m,1H),7.59(m,1H),7.37(s,2H),7.25(m,2H),4.17(q,J=7.14Hz,2H),4.03(dd,J=16Hz,J=22.5Hz,2H),2.41(m,1H),1.25(t,J=7.14Hz,3H),1.18(m,2H),0.87(m,2H)(图1)。13C NMR(401MHz,DMSO-d6):δ166.9,153.5,143.1,133.4,131.3,128.6,128.1,127.2,126.8,126.5,125.1,122.6,121.7,34.1,12.9,7.3,7.2(图1)。13C NMR(401MHz,CDCl3):δ167.8,153.8,143.5,134.3,131.3,129.1,127.9,127.2,126.9,126.2,125.3,123.1,122.1,62.1,24.2,14.0,13.5,7.0,6.9(图2)。
(4)将30g式3化合物溶解于100mL乙腈中,加入0.5g咪唑和0.5mL DMF,冷却至0℃,滴加40g三溴氧磷,滴完后加热到85~90℃反应至原料消耗完全;将反应液冷却至室温并倾入50mL水中,加入100mL乙酸乙酯萃取3次,饱和食盐水洗后加入无水硫酸镁干燥,浓缩干燥,得到棕红色油状物,加入120mL无水乙醇重结晶3次,得白色固体粉末,烘干后得式3化合物26g,收率75%;
(5)将70g式2化合物溶解于300mL四氢呋喃,加入30ml 10%的氢氧化钠溶液,10~15℃反应至原料消失,反应液用5%盐酸溶液调pH至1,加入乙酸乙酯萃取,无水硫酸镁干燥后减压浓缩干,再加入丙酮重结晶,得Lesinurad 60g,收率为96%。如图3所示,本实施例中所得Lesinurad的纯度为99.79%;ESI-MS:m/z=404,406(M+H)+(图4);IR(KBr)(cm-1):3420,2878,1723,1467,1440,768(图5);1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ8.60(d,J=8Hz,1H),7.75(m,1H),7.66(m,1H),7.44(s,2H),7.16(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),4.01(dd,J=16Hz,25.6Hz2H),2.55(m,1H),1.15(m,2H),0.87(m,2H)(图6)。13C NMR(401MHz,DMSO-d6):δ166.9,153.5,143.1,133.4,131.3,128.6,128.1,127.2,126.8,126.5,125.1,122.6,121.7,34.1,12.9,7.3,7.2(图7)。
实施例2:
(1)室温下,将50g式7化合物、300mL DMF、24g肼基甲酸甲酯混合并加到反应瓶中,加热使反应混合物升温至50~60℃,并保温搅拌7小时;反应结束后将反应液冷却到室温,加入2500mL水使产物析出,过滤并干燥得式6化合物干品60g,收率为88%;
(2)室温下将50g式6化合物加到700mL 1M的氢氧化钠溶液中,加热到80~90℃保温1小时溶清,TLC检测反应结束后冷却至室温,滴加1750mL 5%盐酸溶液析出固体,过滤后得湿品,55℃热风烘箱干燥至恒重,得式5化合物干品42g,收率为95%;
(3)室温下,将0.1mol式5化合物与碳酸钾、DMF混合于反应瓶中,使混合液冷却至0~5℃,滴加0.12mol氯乙酸异丙酯,10分钟滴完,滴完后将反应液加热到35℃反应1小时,TLC监测反应结束后加入400mL水,然后用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,再用饱和食盐水洗,接着用无水硫酸镁干燥,减压浓缩得到固体,再加入150mL乙酸乙酯打浆30分钟,过滤并干燥得式3化合物24g,收率为90%;
(4)将10g式3化合物溶解于50mL二氯甲烷中,加入冷却至0℃,滴加11g三溴化磷,滴完后室温反应至原料消耗完全;将反应液冷却至室温并倾入50mL水中,分去水层,二氯甲烷层用1%碳酸氢钠溶液和饱和食盐水洗后加入无水硫酸镁干燥,浓缩干燥,得到棕红色油状物,加入120mL无水乙醇重结晶3次,得白色固体粉末,烘干后得式3化合物10g,收率85%;
(5)将5g式2化合物溶解于50mL四氢呋喃,加入5ml 5%的氢氧化锂溶液,10~15℃反应至原料消失,反应液用5%盐酸溶液调pH至1,加入乙酸乙酯萃取,无水硫酸镁干燥后减压浓缩干,再加入丙酮重结晶,得Lesinurad 8.6g,收率为96%。
Claims (7)
1.一种Lesinurad的合成方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)向有机溶剂中加入下式化合物7,然后加入肼基甲酸甲酯,加热反应,反应结束后加入水搅拌使产物析出,过滤、干燥得下式6化合物;
(2)使式6化合物在碱性溶液中加热发生环合反应,再用酸调反应液的pH至酸性,析出产物,过滤、干燥得到下式5化合物;
(3)将式5化合物溶解于有机溶剂中,再加入缚酸剂,冷却到0~10℃后滴入式4化合物反应0.5~2小时,反应结束后,依次萃取、浓缩、重结晶,得下式3化合物;
其中,X为氯或溴,R为甲基、乙基或异丙基;
(4)使式3化合物在溴化试剂的作用下发生溴化反应,产物经重结晶后得到下式2化合物;
(5)化合物2在碱性溶液中发生水解,反应结束得到下式1化合物,式1化合物即为目标产物Lesinurad,
2.根据权利要求1所述的Lesinurad的合成方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中的反应温度为50~60℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的Lesinurad的合成方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中的碱性溶液为氢氧化钠溶液;反应温度为80~90℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的Lesinurad的合成方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中所述的有机溶剂为乙酸乙酯;所述的缚酸剂为碳酸钾。
5.根据权利要求1所述的Lesinurad的合成方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中所述的式4化合物与式5化合物的摩尔比为1~2:1。
6.根据权利要求1所述的Lesinurad的合成方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中所述的溴化试剂为三溴氧磷。
7.根据权利要求1所述的Lesinurad的合成方法,其特征在于:步骤(5)所述的碱性溶液为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂中的一种。
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