CN105434987A - 一种治疗脑梗塞的中药制剂 - Google Patents
一种治疗脑梗塞的中药制剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明的目的是提供一种治疗脑梗塞的中药制剂,本方以红花、当归、熟地黄、丹参、牡丹皮、墨旱莲、山茱萸、桑椹、桂枝、万寿菊花序、全蝎、辛夷为君臣之药活血祛瘀、芳香开窍、通经活络、补肝益肾、改善血液循环,疏通血管;以月见草、苍术、甘草、龟甲、茯苓、苦瓜、山药、大蒜、芹菜、芦笋、薏苡叶、白芷、金铃子、上树咳为辅佐之药,加强君臣之药的功效,同时还具有疏风散热、利胆健脾、温经行气、通窍活血的功效,诸药合用,药物温和,具有治疗脑梗塞的作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药领域,具体的说是一种治疗脑梗塞的中药制剂。
背景技术
人体供应大脑的血液是通过口径大的血管到口径小的血管,最终到达毛细血管。因此,当口径大的动脉发生硬化时,血管壁可以变硬增厚,管腔内布满硬化斑和血栓块,这些东西的存在平时可能不引起临床症状而易被人忽视,一旦发生脱落,就会阻塞更多的微细血管,造成脑梗塞。
1.主要临床症状
脑梗死的临床症状复杂,它与脑损害的部位、脑缺血性血管大小、缺血的严重程度、发病前有无其他疾病以及有无合并其他重要脏器疾病等有关,轻者可以完全没有症状,即无症状性脑梗死;也可以表现为反复发作的肢体瘫痪或眩晕,即短暂性脑缺血发作;重者不仅可以有肢体瘫痪,甚至可以急性昏迷,死亡,如病变影响大脑皮质,在脑血管病急性期可表现为癫痫发作,以病后1天内发生率最高,而以癫痫为首发的脑血管病则少见。常见的症状有:
(1)主观症状头痛、头昏、头晕、眩晕、恶心、呕吐、运动性和(或)感觉性失语甚至昏迷。
(2)脑神经症状双眼向病灶侧凝视、中枢性面瘫及舌瘫、假性延髓性麻痹,如饮水呛咳和吞咽困难。
(3)躯体症状肢体偏瘫或轻度偏瘫、偏身感觉减退、步态不稳、肢体无力、大小便失禁等。
2.脑梗死部位临床分类
(1)腔隙性梗死脑梗死的梗死面积小于1.5毫米,表现为:亚急性起病、头昏、头晕、步态不稳、肢体无力,少数有饮水呛咳,吞咽困难;也可有偏瘫、偏身感觉减退,部分患者没有定位体征。
(2)中等面积梗死以基底核区侧脑室体旁丘脑、双侧额叶、颞叶区发病多见。表现为:突发性头痛、眩晕、频繁恶心、呕吐、神志清醒,偏身瘫痪或偏身感觉障碍、偏盲、中枢性面瘫及舌瘫、假性延髓性麻痹、失语等。
(3)大面积梗死患者起病急骤,表现危重,可以有偏盲偏瘫、偏身感觉减退甚至四肢瘫、脑疝、昏迷等。
目前对于导致人类死亡的三大类疾病之一脑梗塞,采用的综合治疗方法有:1、控制血压、脑压;2、扩容治疗;3、扩血管药物治疗;4、溶栓疗法等。虽然这些治疗措施能够起到较好的效果,但它只针对脑梗塞的急性发作期,也只是控制缓解病情的恶化发展,虽然还有其他一些通栓、手术等治疗方式,但风险比较大,且受发病时间,患者的年龄体质等条件的制药,并不实用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种治疗脑梗塞的中药制剂,通过临床试验反复验证配置而成的,符合传统中医学的理论,本方选用天然动植物药为原料,利用各味中药的综合作用治疗脑梗塞,无化学制剂,对人体无毒无害,无论病情轻重,均可单独服用本发明之药物,无须与其他药物联合使用,即可达到治愈目的,并且患者服用之药物治愈后,药效可持续发挥作用,不易复发,治疗效果好。
脑梗塞的中医病因:
(1)正衰积损:“年四十而阴气自半,起居衰矣”。年老体弱,或久病气血亏损,元气耗任脑脉失养。气虚则运血无力,血流不畅,而致脑脉瘀滞不通;阴血亏虚则阴不制阳,内风动起携痰浊、瘀血上扰清窍,突发本病。正如《景岳全书‘非风》说:“卒倒多由昏聩,本皆内伤积颓败而然。”
(2)劳倦内伤:“阳气者,烦劳则张”。顿劳过度,易使升张,引动风阳,内风旋动,气火俱浮,或兼挟痰浊、瘀血上扰清窍脉络。因肝阳暴张,血气上涌骤然而中风者,病情多重。
(3)脾失健运,痰浊阻络:过食肥甘醇酒,致使脾胃受伤,脾失运化,痰浊内生,郁久内热,痰热互结,壅滞经脉,上蒙清窍;或素体肝旺,气机郁结,克伐脾土,痰浊内生;或肝郁化火,烁津成痰,痰郁互结,携风阳之邪,窜扰经脉,发为本病。此即《丹溪心法·中风》所谓“土生痰,痰生热,热生风也。”
(4)五志所伤,情志过极:七情失调,肝失条达,气机郁滞,血行不畅,瘀结脑脉;暴怒,肝阳暴张,或心火暴盛,风火相煽,血随气逆,上冲犯脑。凡此种种,均易引起气血逆行,上扰脑窍而发为中风。尤以暴怒引发本病者最为多见。
另外,部分学者认为中风病有因外邪侵袭而引发者。如风邪乘虚人中经络,气血痹阻,肉筋脉失于儒养;或外因引动痰湿,痹阻经络,而致啊僻不遂,此即古人所谓“卒中”。
本病常见的诱因为:气候骤变,烦劳过度,情志过激,跌仆努力等。
综观本病,由于患者脏腑功能失调,或气血素虚,加之劳倦内伤、忧思恼怒、饮酒饱食、用力过度,而致瘀血阻滞、痰热内蕴,或阳化风动、血瘀气逆,导致脑脉痹阻或血溢脑脉之外,引起昏仆不遂,发为中风。其病位在脑,与心、肾、肝、脾密切相关。其病机概而论之有虚(阴虚、阳虚)、火(肝火、心火)、风(肝风、外风)、痰(风痰、湿痰)、气(气虚、气逆)、血(血瘀)六端,此六端多在一定条件下相互影响,相互作用。病性多为本虚标实,上盛下虚。在本为肝肾阴虚,气血衰少,在标为风火相煽,痰湿阻络,瘀血阻滞,气血逆乱。而其基本病机为气血逆乱,上犯于脑。
本方以红花、当归、熟地黄、丹参、牡丹皮、墨旱莲、山茱萸、桑椹、桂枝、万寿菊花序、全蝎、辛夷为君臣之药活血祛瘀、芳香开窍、通经活络、补肝益肾、改善血液循环,疏通血管;以月见草、苍术、甘草、龟甲、茯苓、苦瓜、山药、大蒜、芹菜、芦笋、薏苡叶、白芷、金铃子、上树咳为辅佐之药,加强君臣之药的功效,同时还具有疏风散热、利胆健脾、温经行气、通窍活血的功效,诸药合用,药物温和,具有治疗脑梗塞的作用。
一种治疗脑梗塞的中药制剂,其特征在于,是由以下重量份的原料组成:
红花10-20份、当归10-20份、熟地黄10-20份、丹参10-20份、牡丹皮10-20份、墨旱莲10-20份、山茱萸10-20份、桑椹10-20份、桂枝10-20份、万寿菊花序10-20份、全蝎10-20份、辛夷10-20份、月见草10-20份、苍术10-20份、甘草10-20份、龟甲10-20份、茯苓10-20份、苦瓜10-20份、山药10-20份、大蒜10-20份、芹菜10-20份、芦笋10-20份、薏苡叶10-20份、白芷10-20份、金铃子10-20份、上树咳10-20份;
本发明的制备方法过程为:
按配方比例将诸药常规分拣后→烘干→粉碎至300-400目细粉→混合均匀→装入胶囊。
一种治疗脑梗塞的中药制剂,其特征在于,是由以下重量份的原料组成:
红花12-18份、当归12-18份、熟地黄12-18份、丹参12-18份、牡丹皮12-18份、墨旱莲12-18份、山茱萸12-18份、桑椹12-18份、桂枝12-18份、万寿菊花序12-18份、全蝎12-18份、辛夷12-18份、月见草12-18份、苍术12-18份、甘草12-18份、龟甲12-18份、茯苓12-18份、苦瓜12-18份、山药12-18份、大蒜12-18份、芹菜12-18份、芦笋12-18份、薏苡叶12-18份、白芷12-18份、金铃子12-18份、上树咳12-18份;
一种治疗脑梗塞的中药制剂,其特征在于,是由以下重量份的原料组成:
红花15份、当归15份、熟地黄15份、丹参15份、牡丹皮15份、墨旱莲15份、山茱萸15份、桑椹15份、桂枝15份、万寿菊花序15份、全蝎15份、辛夷15份、月见草15份、苍术15份、甘草15份、龟甲15份、茯苓15份、苦瓜15份、山药15份、大蒜15份、芹菜15份、芦笋15份、薏苡叶15份、白芷15份、金铃子15份、上树咳15份;
本发明的汤饮剂制备方法具体为:
将各组分分别粉碎,按比例混合,获得混合物,加水至淹没混合物药面3~5cm,浸泡1~2小时,加热煎煮,煮沸后用文火,第一次沸后煎煮2~4小时,滤出药液,滤渣中再次加水至淹没混合物药面3~5cm,加热煮沸,煮沸后用文火,第二次沸后煎煮1~2小时,滤过,合并两次过滤的药液,离心30分钟~1小时,抽取上清液,浓缩至生药浓度为1g/ml~2g/ml,获得汤饮剂。
本发明的注射液制备方法具体为:
将各组分分别粉碎,按比例混合,获得混合物,加水至淹没混合物药面3~5cm,浸泡1~2小时,加热煎煮,煮沸后用文火,第一次沸后煎煮2~4小时,滤出药液,滤渣中再次加水至淹没混合物药面3~5cm,加热煮沸,煮沸后用文火,第二次沸后煎煮1~2小时,滤过,合并两次过滤的药液,加入占药液质量0.5%活性炭,保持PH值7.0,加热微沸15分钟,冷却,滤过,取500ml过滤液,加注射用水至1000ml,袋装,于115℃灭菌30分钟,冷藏48小时,即得注射液。
本发明涉及中药的药理及药性:
红花:
【性味】性温,味辛。
【功能主治】活血通径、散瘀止痛。用于经闭、痛经、恶露不行、症瘕痞块、跌打损伤,适用各种静脉曲张,末梢神经炎,血液循环,腿脚麻木或青紫等淤血症。
当归:
【性味】性温,昧甘、辛。
【功能主治】补血活血,调经止痛,润肠通便。用于血虚萎黄、眩晕心悸、月经不调、经闭痛经、虚寒腹痛、肠燥便秘、风湿痹痛、跌扑损伤、痈疽疮疡。
熟地黄:
【性味归经】甘、微温;归肝、肾经。
【功能主治】滋阴补血,益精填髓。用于肝肾阴虚,腰膝酸软,骨蒸潮热,盗汗遗精,内热消渴,血虚萎黄,心悸怔忡,月经不调,崩漏下血,眩晕,耳鸣,须发早白。
丹参:
【性味归经】性微寒,味苦。
【功效】有安神、活瘀血和生新血的功能。
牡丹皮:牡丹不仅有观赏价值,而且还具有很高的药用价值。将牡丹的根加工制成“丹皮”,是名贵的中草药。其性微寒,味辛,无毒,入心、肝、肾三经,有散瘀血、清血、和血、止痛、通经之作用,还有降低血压、抗菌消炎之功效,久服可益身延寿。养血和肝,散郁祛瘀、适用于面部黄褐斑,皮肤衰老,常饮气血活肺,容颜红润,改善月经失调,痛经,止虚汗,盗汗。
墨旱莲:
【性味归经】甘、酸,寒。归肾、肝经。①《唐本草》:“味甘酸,平,无毒。”②《滇南本草》:“性寒,味咸。”入肝、肾经。①《本草经疏》:“入肾、肝。胃、大小肠。”②《得配本草》:“入足少阴经血分。”
【功能主治】滋补肝肾,凉血止血。用于牙齿松动、须发早白、眩晕耳鸣、腰膝酸、阴虚血热、吐血、血衄、尿血、血痢、崩漏下血、外伤出血。
山茱萸:性平、味甘、酸,功能养肝肾,敛阴止汗救脱,为滋补肾阴要药,主要用于肝肾阴虚证,适用于肝肾两虚所致的腰膝酸软,眩晕耳鸣,阳痿、遗精,小便频数,虚汗不止等症。
桑椹:
【性味】甘,微寒;归心、肝、肾经。
【功能主治】治肝肾阴亏,捎揭,便秘,目暗,耳鸣,原疡,关节不利。它有改善皮肤(包括头皮)血液供应,营养肌肤、使皮肤白嫩及乌发等作用,并能延缓衰老。桑椹是中老年人健体美颜、抗衰老的佳果与良药。常食桑椹可以明目,缓解眼睛疲劳干涩的症状。桑椹具有免疫促进作用。桑椹对脾脏有增重作用,对溶血性反应有增强作用,可防止人体动脉硬化、骨骼关节硬化,促进新陈代谢;桑椹可以促进血红细胞的生长,防止白细胞减少,并对治疗糖尿病、贫血、高血压、高血脂、冠心病、神经衰弱等病症具有辅助疗效。桑椹具有生津止渴、促进消化、帮助排便等作用,适量食用能促进胃液分泌,刺激肠蠕动及解除燥热。中医认为,桑椹性味甘寒,具有补肝益肾、生津润肠、乌发明目等功效。
桂枝:
【性味归经】味辛、甘,温。归心、肺、膀胱经。
【功能主治】发汗解肌,温通经脉,助阳化气,平冲降气。用于风寒感冒,脘腹冷痛,血寒经闭,关节痹痛,痰饮,水肿,心悸,奔豚。
万寿菊花序:苦,凉。平肝解热,祛风化痰。用于头晕目眩,头风眼痛,小儿惊风,感冒咳嗽,顿咳,乳痛,痄腮。
全蝎:
【性味归经】味辛,平;有毒;归肝经。
【功能主治】息风镇痉,攻毒散结,通络止痛。用于小儿惊风,抽搐痉挛,中风口歪,半身不遂,破伤风,风湿顽痹,偏正头痛,疮疡,瘰疬。
辛夷:
【性味】辛,温。①《本经》:味辛,温。②《别录》:无毒。③《滇南本草》:性温,味辛微苦。
【归经】入肺、胃经。①《纲目》:入手太阴、足阳明经。②《本草新编》:入肺、胆二经。③《本草再新》:入脾、肺二经。④《本草撮要》:入足厥阴经。
【功用主治】祛风,通窍。治头痛,鼻渊,鼻塞不通,齿痛。①《本经》:主五脏身体寒热,风头脑痛,面酐。②《别录》:温中解肌,利九窍,通鼻塞、涕出,治面肿引齿痛,眩冒、身几几如在车船之上者。生须发,去白虫。③《药性论》:能治面生酐。面脂用,主光华。④《日华子本草》:通关脉,明目。治头痛,憎寒、体噤、瘙痒。⑤《滇南本草》:治脑漏鼻渊,祛风,新瓦焙为末。治面寒痛,胃气痛,热洒服。⑥《纲目》:鼻渊、鼻鼽、鼻窒、鼻疮及痘后鼻疮,并用研末,入麝香少许,葱白蘸入数次。⑦《玉楸药解》:泄肺降逆,利气破壅。⑧《江西中药》:外用能促进子宫收缩,具催生作用。
月见草:
【性味】性温,味甘。
【功用】有强筋壮骨、祛风除湿的功能,用于治疗风湿病,筋骨疼痛等症。其种子经过榨油、皂化、酸化可先先获得γ-亚麻酸,以此为原料,经过化学结构改造,再经过生物合成即可得到前列腺素E1,它是抗血栓、扩血管新药,广泛用于血栓性脉管炎、慢性动脉闭塞症、心肌梗塞、视网膜中央静脉血栓动脉造影、血管重建造影等。
苍术:
【性味】性温,味辛、苦,
【功能】芳香化浊,祛风辟秽,燥湿健脾,适用于胃脘闷,腹胀大便溏软,呕恶,四肢倦怠,时气感冒,痰多诸症。
甘草:
【性味归经】甘,平,归心、肺、脾、胃经;
【功能主治】补脾益气,清热解毒,祛痰止咳,缓急止痛,调和诸药。用于脾胃虚弱,倦怠乏力,心悸气短,咳嗽痰多,脘腹、四肢挛急疼痛,痈肿疮毒,缓解药物毒性、烈性。
龟甲:
【性味归经】咸、甘,微寒。归肝、肾、心经。
【功能主治】滋阴潜阳,益肾强骨,养血补心。用于阴虚潮热,骨蒸盗汗,头晕目眩,虚风内动,筋骨痿软,心虚健忘。
茯苓:
【性味】味甘、淡,平;归心、肺、脾、肾经。
【功能主治】利水渗湿,健脾宁心;用于水肿尿少,痰饮眩悸,脾虚食少,便溏泄泻,心神不安,惊悸失眠。
苦瓜:
【性味归经】苦,寒。归脾、胃、心、肝经。
【功效】清热祛心火,解毒,明目,补气益精,止渴消暑,治痈。
山药:
【性味】味甘、性平,入肺、脾、肾经;
【功能主治】具有健脾补肺、益胃补肾、固肾益精、聪耳明目、助五脏、强筋骨、长志安神、延年益寿的功效;主治脾胃虚弱、倦怠无力、食欲不振、久泄久痢、肺气虚燥、痰喘咳嗽、肾气亏耗、腰膝酸软、下肢痿弱、消渴尿频、遗精早泄、带下白浊、皮肤赤肿、肥胖等病症。
大蒜:
【性味归经】性温,味辛平;人脾、胃、肺经。
【功能主治】用于痢疾泄泻、肺痨.顿咳,肠寄生虫病(钩虫、蛲虫病),疮痈肿毒等症。1.散痈消积,解毒杀虫:主治痈肿疮毒,癣疮瘙痒。捣烂外敷或切片外擦。2.解毒:用于肺痨顿咳,痢疾泄泻。3.杀虫:用于钩虫病,绕虫病,可配驱虫药同煎服。对钩虫病,本品还可作预防用,在下田劳动前,将大蒜捣烂,涂于四肢。对绕虫病,也可将本品捣烂,加菜油少许,临睡前涂于肛门周围。此外,本品生食还可防治流感。
芹菜:
【性味】味甘辛,无毒
【功用】具有有平肝清热,祛风利湿,除烦消肿,凉血止血,解毒宣肺,健胃利血、清肠利便、润肺止咳、降低血压、健脑镇静的功效。常吃芹菜,尤其是吃芹菜叶,对预防高血压、动脉硬化等都十分有益,并有辅助治疗作用。
芦笋:
【药理价值】1、有助于平抑血压降血脂;2、有助于抑制心脏血管疾病;3、有助于预防和抗癌;4、有助于防治老年便秘、利尿解乏;5、有助于抑制和抵抗病毒菌;6、有助于增强体质消除疲劳。
【营养价值】1、高维生素、高纤维素、高蛋白2、低糖、低脂肪3、含有多种人体必需的大量元素和微量元素
【功效】1、防癌抗癌功效,能抑制拓扑异构酶活性,直接杀灭癌细胞,破坏癌细胞端粒酶,使癌细胞不能增殖分裂而凋之,激活抗癌基因调控信号,传导细胞生长正常化。2、对心脏血管疾病的治疗作用,芦笋能抑制高血压,防止血管硬化,降低血脂及胆固醇。3、对人体免疫系统的影响,芦笋可降低循环免疫复合物CIC含量,可产生胸腺素,促进T细胞的产生,从而提高免疫功能,调节免疫机制。4、在抗衰老方面的作用能够降低人体器官的过氧化脂质,LOP的含量,提高超氧化物歧化酶SOD的活性从而延缓衰老。
薏苡叶:
【采集】夏、秋采取。
【化学成分】叶含生物碱。
【功用主治-薏苡叶的功效】
①《本草图经》:为饮香,益中空膈。
②《琐碎录》:暑月煎饮,暖胃,益气血。
具有温中散寒、补益气血的功效,主治胃寒疼痛,气血虚弱的症状。
白芷:
【性味】辛,温入肺、脾、胃经;
【功效】治头痛,眉棱骨痛,齿痛,寒湿腹痛,皮肤瘙痒,疥癣。祛风散寒,通窍止痛,活血排脓,生肌止痛,燥湿止带。用于乳房疼痛、肿痛、头痛、牙痛、鼻渊、肠风痔漏、赤白带下、痈疽疮疡、皮肤瘙痒。现代药理研究证明白芷还具有消炎、解热镇痛、活络散结,与其他中药结合可用于治乳腺结块等作用。
川楝子又名金铃子:
【性味】性寒,味苦,
【功用】是行气药的一种;主要入肝经,疏泄肝热,行气止痛,有除湿热、清肝火、止痛、杀虫的功能。而且还是制作高效无残毒无污染的新型植物类农药的重要原料。
上树咳:
【性味】微苦;甘;平
【归经】肺;小肠经
【功能主治】清热利尿;止咳;除烦;解毒消肿。主小便癃闭;淋沥涩痛;热咳;心烦;疮疡肿痛;跌打损伤。
具体实施方式:
实施例1,配方:
红花10g、当归10g、熟地黄10g、丹参10g、牡丹皮10g、墨旱莲10g、山茱萸10g、桑椹10g、桂枝10g、万寿菊花序10g、全蝎10g、辛夷10g、月见草10g、苍术10g、甘草10g、龟甲10g、茯苓10g、苦瓜10g、山药10g、大蒜10g、芹菜10g、芦笋10g、薏苡叶10g、白芷10g、金铃子10g、上树咳10g;
本发明的制备方法过程为:
按配方比例将诸药常规分拣后→烘干→粉碎至300-400目细粉→混合均匀→装入胶囊。
服用方法:每次2粒,每日两次,每粒0.25g,温水送服。
实施例2,配方:
红花12g、当归12g、熟地黄12g、丹参12g、牡丹皮12g、墨旱莲12g、山茱萸12g、桑椹12g、桂枝12g、万寿菊花序12g、全蝎12g、辛夷12g、月见草12g、苍术12g、甘草12g、龟甲12g、茯苓12g、苦瓜12g、山药12g、大蒜12g、芹菜12g、芦笋12g、薏苡叶12g、白芷12g、金铃子12g、上树咳12g;
制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例3,配方:
红花15g、当归15g、熟地黄15g、丹参15g、牡丹皮15g、墨旱莲15g、山茱萸15g、桑椹15g、桂枝15g、万寿菊花序15g、全蝎15g、辛夷15g、月见草15g、苍术15g、甘草15g、龟甲15g、茯苓15g、苦瓜15g、山药15g、大蒜15g、芹菜15g、芦笋15g、薏苡叶15g、白芷15g、金铃子15g、上树咳15g;
制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例4,配方:
红花18g、当归18g、熟地黄18g、丹参18g、牡丹皮18g、墨旱莲18g、山茱萸18g、桑椹18g、桂枝18g、万寿菊花序18g、全蝎18g、辛夷18g、月见草18g、苍术18g、甘草18g、龟甲18g、茯苓18g、苦瓜18g、山药18g、大蒜18g、芹菜18g、芦笋18g、薏苡叶18g、白芷18g、金铃子18g、上树咳18g;
汤饮剂制备方法具体为:
将各组分分别粉碎,按比例混合,获得混合物,加水至淹没混合物药面3~5cm,浸泡1~2小时,加热煎煮,煮沸后用文火,第一次沸后煎煮2~4小时,滤出药液,滤渣中再次加水至淹没混合物药面3~5cm,加热煮沸,煮沸后用文火,第二次沸后煎煮1~2小时,滤过,合并两次过滤的药液,离心30分钟~1小时,抽取上清液,浓缩至生药浓度为1g/ml~2g/ml,获得汤饮剂。
服用方法:每日两次,每次一小碗,温热送服。
实施例5,配方:
红花20g、当归20g、熟地黄20g、丹参20g、牡丹皮20g、墨旱莲20g、山茱萸20g、桑椹20g、桂枝20g、万寿菊花序20g、全蝎20g、辛夷20g、月见草20g、苍术20g、甘草20g、龟甲20g、茯苓20g、苦瓜20g、山药20g、大蒜20g、芹菜20g、芦笋20g、薏苡叶20g、白芷20g、金铃子20g、上树咳20g;
本发明的注射液制备方法具体为:
将各组分分别粉碎,按比例混合,获得混合物,加水至淹没混合物药面3~5cm,浸泡1~2小时,加热煎煮,煮沸后用文火,第一次沸后煎煮2~4小时,滤出药液,滤渣中再次加水至淹没混合物药面3~5cm,加热煮沸,煮沸后用文火,第二次沸后煎煮1~2小时,滤过,合并两次过滤的药液,加入占药液质量0.5%活性炭,保持PH值7.0,加热微沸15分钟,冷却,滤过,取500ml过滤液,加注射用水至1000ml,袋装,于115℃灭菌30分钟,冷藏48小时,即得注射液。
药理药效学实验:
1、急性毒性试验
应用小鼠进行急性毒性实验表明:小鼠口服灌胃本发明的中药制剂,在488.8g生药/kg剂量下,给药后小鼠出现轻微活动减少,1小时左右恢复正常,给药后连续观察7天,无一动物死亡,其全身状况、饮食、摄水、小便和体重增长均正常,实验结果表明:小鼠口服灌胃本发明的中药制剂胶囊剂的最大给药量为488.8g生药/kg/d(LD50>488.8g生药/kg)。本发明的中药制剂每日临床用药总量为0.1g生药/kg/d;按体重计,小鼠灌胃本发明的中药制剂的耐受量为临床病人的4888倍。提示该药急性毒性低,临床用药安全。
2、长期毒性试验
选用SD大鼠,给予不同浓度(18.0、6.0、2.0g生药/kg)的本发明的中药制剂,每天灌胃一次,连续90天,末次给药后24小时各组活杀1/2动物(雌雄各半),其余1/2动物继续观察2周后活杀。试验期间观察动物的外观、一般行为、摄食量、体重变化,给药后90天和停药2周进行血液学(RBC、HB、网织红细胞、PLT、CT、WBC及分类)和血液生化(AST、ALT、ALP、Glu、BUN、Crea、TP、T.BIL、ALB、CHOL)、尿液生化、脏器系数、病理组织学等指标检查。试验结果表明:本发明制剂在高、中、低剂量组动物一般状态良好,外观体征、行为活动、进食量和体重增长均无异常变化;三个剂量组及对照组血液学检查、血液生化学、尿液生化检查均在正常范围,组间无显著差异;各组主要脏器组织病理学检查未见明显异常。上述指标停药2周后也未见改变。本试验用药剂量分别为临床用药剂量的180、60、20倍,根据试验结果本发明的中药制剂在高、中、低三个剂量(18.0、6.0、2.0g生药/kg)连续90天给药对大鼠无明显影响,无明确的毒性靶器官和敏感指标,恢复期观察也未见延迟性毒性反应,提示本发明的中药制剂临床应用的剂量安全性较高。
3、动物局部刺激试验:
本发明制剂的豚鼠皮肤过敏试验和大鼠直肠用药刺激性试验。结果表明:皮肤过敏试验,高剂量组0.8g(药粉)/kg、低剂量组0.1g(药粉)/kg,分别相当于拟临床人用量[0.04g(药粉)/kg]的20倍、2.5倍,经皮肤给药,均未见动物产生变态反应;直肠用药刺激性试验高剂量组5.0g(药粉)/kg,低剂量组3.2g(药粉)/kg,分别相当于拟临床人用量的125、80倍,在规定的时间内观察直肠粘膜均无充血、水肿等现象,病理组织学检查与空白对照组比较无明显差异,未见出现明显的刺激性反应,每组留存的部分动物其全身状况,体重、呼吸、循环、中枢神经系统及四肢活动等,均无明显异常反应。
治疗脑梗塞的疗效观察
脑梗塞,据临床统计我们于2012年—2015年采用自制中药方剂治疗病例1000多例,取得良好效果,现总结如下。
诊断标准:
以患者猝然昏倒,不省人事,伴发口眼歪斜,语言不利,半身不遂或昏倒而突然出现半身不遂或者偏身无力,偏身感觉障碍、失语、单眼视力障碍等症状,接合脑CT检查特征显示,低密度影像病变,既可以确诊。
典型临床病例入选标准:
入选标准:具有典型的临床表现,符合诊断标准。
入选病例600例,其中男性380例.女性220例。
疗效判定:采用4级标准
疗效判断标准(按肢体变化):
1、无效:表现为软瘫,肢体没有运动功能。
2、有效:肢体功能开始恢复,出现微弱的随意运动,肌肉痉挛和某些低级的不随运动。
3、显效:肌肉痉挛开始减轻,一些较复杂运动初始时学习有困难,而后则变得容易了或者能够学习更加困难的较负责的运动。
4、痊愈:肌肉痉挛消失,各个关节的各种运动都能进行,运动协调功能接近正常。
临床统计总结如下:
痊愈临床改善率≥95%;显效临床改善率<95%,≥60%;
有效临床改善率<60%,≥20%;无效临床改善率<20%。
典型病例:
病例1:
王某诊后:服上药10天后,大便2次/日,饮食增加,腹胀显减,精神较前好,说话较前明显清楚,面已有些红色,牙龈已不痛,两下肢已不肿,右上腹压痛显减,苔黄腻,脉细涩。药已中的,效不更方,仍以上方,20天后康复痊愈。
病例2:
刘某诊后:服药10天后精神明显好转,面已有红色,纳继增,走路较前快有力,较前稳,说话已正常,右上腹压之柔软,牙龈不痛稍红,下肢微肿,大便苔黄腻,脉细涩。药已中的,效不更方,仍以上方,20天后康复痊愈。
病例3:
张某诊后:服药10天后语言清楚,饮食已正常,大便日1次、稍不利,全身已不困,走路已比老伴快且稳,无慌张步态,但下坡有向前冲感;全腹基本柔软,抵抗力增强,已很少感冒,患者身体已基本恢复正常,以上方加减3剂以巩固之,20天后复查痊愈。
Claims (6)
1.一种治疗脑梗塞的中药制剂,其特征在于,是由以下重量份的原料组成:
红花10-20份、当归10-20份、熟地黄10-20份、丹参10-20份、牡丹皮10-20份、墨旱莲10-20份、山茱萸10-20份、桑椹10-20份、桂枝10-20份、万寿菊花序10-20份、全蝎10-20份、辛夷10-20份、月见草10-20份、苍术10-20份、甘草10-20份、龟甲10-20份、茯苓10-20份、苦瓜10-20份、山药10-20份、大蒜10-20份、芹菜10-20份、芦笋10-20份、薏苡叶10-20份、白芷10-20份、金铃子10-20份、上树咳10-20份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗脑梗塞的中药制剂,其特征在于,是由以下重量份的原料组成:
红花12-18份、当归12-18份、熟地黄12-18份、丹参12-18份、牡丹皮12-18份、墨旱莲12-18份、山茱萸12-18份、桑椹12-18份、桂枝12-18份、万寿菊花序12-18份、全蝎12-18份、辛夷12-18份、月见草12-18份、苍术12-18份、甘草12-18份、龟甲12-18份、茯苓12-18份、苦瓜12-18份、山药12-18份、大蒜12-18份、芹菜12-18份、芦笋12-18份、薏苡叶12-18份、白芷12-18份、金铃子12-18份、上树咳12-18份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗脑梗塞的中药制剂,其特征在于,是由以下重量份的原料组成:
红花15份、当归15份、熟地黄15份、丹参15份、牡丹皮15份、墨旱莲15份、山茱萸15份、桑椹15份、桂枝15份、万寿菊花序15份、全蝎15份、辛夷15份、月见草15份、苍术15份、甘草15份、龟甲15份、茯苓15份、苦瓜15份、山药15份、大蒜15份、芹菜15份、芦笋15份、薏苡叶15份、白芷15份、金铃子15份、上树咳15份。
4.根据权利要求1-3任意一项所述的一种治疗脑梗塞的中药制剂,其特征在于,本发明的汤饮剂制备方法具体为:
将各组分分别粉碎,按比例混合,获得混合物,加水至淹没混合物药面3~5cm,浸泡1~2小时,加热煎煮,煮沸后用文火,第一次沸后煎煮2~4小时,滤出药液,滤渣中再次加水至淹没混合物药面3~5cm,加热煮沸,煮沸后用文火,第二次沸后煎煮1~2小时,滤过,合并两次过滤的药液,离心30分钟~1小时,抽取上清液,浓缩至生药浓度为1g/ml~2g/ml,获得汤饮剂。
5.根据权利要求1-3任意一项所述的一种治疗脑梗塞的中药制剂,其特征在于,本发明的注射液制备方法具体为:
将各组分分别粉碎,按比例混合,获得混合物,加水至淹没混合物药面3~5cm,浸泡1~2小时,加热煎煮,煮沸后用文火,第一次沸后煎煮2~4小时,滤出药液,滤渣中再次加水至淹没混合物药面3~5cm,加热煮沸,煮沸后用文火,第二次沸后煎煮1~2小时,滤过,合并两次过滤的药液,加入占药液质量0.5%活性炭,保持PH值7.0,加热微沸15分钟,冷却,滤过,取500ml过滤液,加注射用水至1000ml,袋装,于115℃灭菌30分钟,冷藏48小时,即得注射液。
6.根据权利要求1-3任意一项所述的一种治疗脑梗塞的中药制剂,其特征在于,本发明的制备方法过程为:
按配方比例将诸药常规分拣后→烘干→粉碎至300-400目细粉→混合均匀→装入胶囊。
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