CN105142677B - 嵌合抗原受体及其使用方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本公开提供了异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体(CAR),和包含编码所述CAR的核苷酸序列的核酸。本公开提供了经遗传修饰以产生所述CAR的细胞。本公开的CAR可用于多种方法,还公开了所述方法。
Description
交叉引用
本申请要求于2013年2月15日提交的美国临时专利申请号61/765,585的权益,其通过引用整体并入本文。
关于联邦政府资助研究的声明
本发明是在国立卫生研究院授予的基金号EY016546和GM101782的政府支持下完成的。政府对本发明享有一定权利。
通过引用并入的作为文本文件提供的序列表
本文以于2014年2月13日建立的153KB大小的文本文件“UCSF-464WO SeqList_ST25.txt”提供了序列列表。该文本文件的内容通过引用整体并入本文。
引言
在基于细胞的获得性免疫治疗中,可对分离自患者的免疫细胞进行修饰,以表达能够使细胞在随后被转移回患者后执行新的治疗性功能的合成蛋白。这样的合成蛋白的一个实例是嵌合抗原受体(chimeric antigen receptor,CAR)。当前使用的CAR的实例是胞外结构域(例如,抗原结合结构域)、跨膜结构域以及一个或多个胞内信号结构域的融合。在抗原结合后,CAR的胞内信号部分可使免疫细胞开始激活相关应答,例如释放溶细胞性分子以诱导肿瘤细胞死亡,等等。但是,这样的CAR无法进行药理学上的控制。本领域中需要可以药理学上控制的可条件性激活CAR。
概述
本公开提供了异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体(CAR),以及包含编码CAR的核苷酸序列的核酸。本公开提供了经遗传修饰以产生CAR的细胞。本公开的CAR可用于多种方法,该方法同样由本文提供。
附图简述
图1A和图1B提供了构建体#122的结构域的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列。
图2A和图2B提供了构建体#123的结构域的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列。
图3A和图3B提供了构建体#125的结构域的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列。
图4提供了构建体#126的结构域的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列。
图5A和图5B提供了构建体#168的结构域的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列。
图6A至图6C提供了构建体#169的结构域的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列。
图7A和图7B构建体#170的结构域的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列。
图8A和图8B构建体#197的结构域的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列。
图9A至图9C提供了构建体#206的结构域的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列。
图10A和图10B构建体#207的结构域的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列。
图11A至图11C提供了构建体#199的结构域的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列。
图12描绘了由5个开关CAR变体引起的IL-2产生。
图13描绘了对照Jurkat细胞系的IL-2产生。
图14描绘了CAR构建体“122+206”和“197+206”之间的比较。
图15描绘了利用开关CAR“197+206”的细胞毒性数据。
图16描绘了使用CAR构建体“122+199”、“197+199”和“122+168”的T细胞激活数据。
图17是示例性开关CAR的示意图。
图18A和图18B描绘了多个示例性开关CAR。
图19A至图19G示出了由识别人间皮素的3种不同开关CAR变体引起的IL-2产生。
图20A至图20C示出了由具有赤霉酸响应性二聚化对的开关CAR变体引起的IL-2产生。
图21A至图21D示出了具有多个共刺激结构域的示例性开关CAR和常规CAR。
图22A和图22B提供了构建体#270的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列。
图23A和图23B提供了构建体#300的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列。
图24A和图24B提供了构建体#336的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列。
图25A和图25B提供了构建体#337的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列。
图26A和图26B提供了构建体#357的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列。
图27A和图27B提供了构建体#365的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列。
图28A和图28B提供了构建体#366的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列。
图29A和图29B提供了构建体#367的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列。
图30A和图30B提供了构建体#398的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列。
图31A和图31B提供了构建体#399的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列。
图32A和图32B提供了构建体#400的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列。
图33A和图33B提供了构建体#358的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列。
定义
术语“多核苷酸”和“核酸”在本文中可互换使用,是指任何长度的核苷酸(核糖核苷酸或脱氧核苷酸)的聚合物形式。因此,该属于包括但不限于单链、双链或多链DNA或RNA、基因组DNA、cDNA、DNA-RNA杂合体或者包含嘌呤和嘧啶碱基或其他天然、化学或生化修饰、非天然或衍生的核苷酸碱基的聚合物。
属于“抗体”和“免疫球蛋白”包括任意同种型的抗体或免疫球蛋白,保留了对于抗原的特异性结合的抗体片段,包括但不限于Fab、Fv、scFv和Fd片段,嵌合抗体,人源化抗体,单链抗体,以及包含抗体的抗原结合片段和非抗体蛋白的融合蛋白。
“抗体片段”包括完整抗体的一部分,例如完整抗体的抗原结合或可变区。抗体片段的实例包括Fab、Fab'、F(ab')2和Fv;双抗体;线性抗体(Zapata等,Protein Eng.8(10):1057-1062(1995));单链抗体分子;和由抗体片段形成的多特异性抗体。抗体的木瓜蛋白酶消化产生了两个被称为“Fab”片段的相同抗原结合片段,其各自具有单个抗原结合位点,和“Fc”片段,其名称反映稳定结晶的能力。胃蛋白酶处理产生了F(ab')2片段,其具有两个抗原结合片段并且依然能够交联抗原。
“单链Fv”或“sFv”抗体片段包含抗体的VH结构域和VL结构域,其中这些结构域存在于单个多肽链中。在一些实施方案中,Fv多肽还在VH结构域和VL结构域之间包含多肽接头,其能够使sFv形成用于抗原结合的期望结构。对于sFv的综述,参见Pluckthun in ThePharmacology of Monoclonal Antibodies,第113章,Rosenburg和Moore编辑,Springer-Verlag,New York,第269-315页(1994)。
本文使用的术语“亲和力”是指两种试剂之间可逆结合的平衡常数,表示为解离常数(Kd)。亲和力可以比抗体对于不相关氨基酸序列亲和力高至少1倍、至少2倍、至少3倍、至少4倍、至少5倍、至少6倍、至少7倍、至少8倍、至少9倍、至少10倍、至少20倍、至少30倍、至少40倍、至少50倍、至少60倍、至少70倍、至少80倍、至少90倍、至少100倍、或至少1000-倍或更多。抗体对于靶蛋白的亲和力可以为例如约100纳摩尔(nM)至约0.1nM、约100nM至约1皮摩尔(pM)、或约100nM至约1飞摩尔(femtomolar,fM)或更多。本文使用的术语“亲合力(avidity)”是指两种或更多种试剂的复合物在稀释后的耐解离性。在本文关于抗体和/或抗原结合片段的术语“免疫反应性”和“优选结合”在可互换使用。
术语“结合”是指由于例如共价相互作用、静电相互作用、疏水相互作用以及离子键和/或氢键相互作用(包括相互作用如盐桥和水桥)的两个分子之间的直接缔合。非特异性结合可以是指具有小于约10-7M的亲和力结合,例如具有10-6M、10-5M、10-4M等亲和力的结合。
本文使用的术语“铰链区”是指提供结构柔性以及与侧翼多肽区域的间隔的由天然或合成多肽组成得柔性多肽连接件区域(在本文中也称为“铰链”或“间隔区”)。来源于免疫球蛋白(例如IgG1)的“铰链区”通常以由人IgG1的Glu216延伸到Pro230定义(Burton(1985)Molec.Immunol.,22:161-206)。其他IgG同种型的铰链区可通过将形成重链间二硫(S-S)键的第一个和最后一个半胱氨酸残基放在相同位置来与IgG1序列比对。铰链区可以是天然存在的或非天然存在的,包括但不限于如美国专利号5,677,425中所述改变的铰链区。铰链区可包括来源于不同类别或来自CH1结构域类别的亚类抗体的完整铰链区。术语“铰链区”还可包括来源于CD8和其他在提供柔性和与侧翼区域的间隔区中提供类似功能的受体的区域。
“分离的”多肽是已经被鉴定并且从其天然环境中的组分中分离和/或回收的多肽。其天然环境的污染物组分是可能干扰多肽的诊断或治疗用途地物质,可能包括酶、激素和其他蛋白质或非蛋白质溶质。在一些实施方案中,通过在还原或非还原条件下使用考马斯亮蓝或银染色的十二烷基硫酸钠-丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE),将多肽纯化(1)至通过劳里法(Lowry method)确定的抗体的按重量计大于90%、大于95%或大于98%,例如按重量计大于99%,(2)至足以通过使用转杯式测序仪获得N末端或中间氨基酸序列的至少15个残基的程度,或(3)至均匀。分离的多肽包括重组细胞中的原位多肽,因为多肽天然环境的至少一种组分不存在。再一些情况下,通过至少一个纯化步骤制备分离的多肽。
本文使用的术语“免疫细胞”通常包括衍生自骨髓中产生的造血干细胞(HSC)的白细胞(白血球)。“免疫细胞”包括例如淋巴细胞(T细胞、B细胞、自然杀伤(NK)细胞)和来自骨髓的细胞(中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、单核细胞、巨噬细胞、树突细胞)。
“T细胞”包括所有类型的表达CD3的免疫细胞,包括辅助T细胞(CD4+细胞)、细胞毒性T细胞(CD8+细胞)、调节性T细胞(Treg)和γ-δT细胞。
“细胞毒性细胞”包括CD8+T细胞、自然杀伤(NK)细胞和中性粒细胞,该细胞能够介导细胞毒性反应。
本文使用的术语“干细胞”通常包括多能(pluripotent)和全能(multipotent)干细胞。“干细胞”包括例如胚胎干细胞(ES)、间充质干细胞(MSC)、诱导的多能干细胞(iPS)和定向祖细胞(造血干细胞(HSC)、骨髓衍生细胞等)。
本文使用的术语“治疗”(treatment,treating)等是指获得期望的药理学和/或生理学结果。结果可以是预防性的,在完全或部分地预防疾病或其症状方面,和/或可以是治疗性的,在部分地或完全地治愈疾病和/或疾病在哦成的不利影响方面。本文使用的“治疗”涵盖哺乳动物例如人中的疾病的任何治疗,包括(a)在可能易感于疾病但是尚未诊断出具有疾病的患者中预防疾病发生;(b)抑制疾病,即遏制其发展;以及(c)减轻疾病,即导致疾病消退。
术语“个体”、“对象”、“宿主”和“患者”在本文可互换使用,是指哺乳动物,包括但不限于鼠科动物(例如,大鼠、小鼠)、图形目动物(例如,兔)、非人灵长类动物、人、犬、猫、有蹄类动物(例如,马、牛、绵羊、猪、山羊)等。
“治疗有效量”或“有效量”是指药剂的量或两种药剂的组合的量,其在向哺乳动物骨或其他对象施用用于治疗疾病时,足以实现对这种疾病的治疗。“治疗有效量”可根据药剂、疾病及其严重程度,以及待治疗对象的年龄、体重等变化。
在详细描述本发明和之前,需要理解的是,本发明不限于本文描述的特定实施方案,因为其当然可以变化。还应理解的是,本文使用的术语仅用于描述特定实施方案的目的,而不是旨在限制,因为本发明的范围仅由所附权利要求书限定。
当提供值的范围时,应理解的是,介于该范围的上限和下限之间的每一个中间值(除非上下文明确地另有说明,否则中间值是下限单位的十分之一)和任何其他所说明的或者在所说明范围内的中间值都包括在本发明内。这些较小范围的上限和下限可独立地包括在较小范围内,并且也包括在本发明内,服从于在范围内的任意具体包括的限值。当所指出的范围包括一个或两个界限时,排除了那些所包括的界限之一或两者的范围也包括在本发明内。
除非另有说明,否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属领域技术人员的通常理解相同的含义。虽然可以使用与本文描述的那些类似的或等同的任何方法和材料来实施本发明,但是下面描述的是优选的方法和材料。本文提到的所有出版物均通过引用并入本文,以公开和描述与所引用的出版物相关的方法和/或材料。
应注意的是,本文和所附权利要求中使用的未用数量词限定的名词包括复数指示对象,除非上下文明确地另外说明。因此,例如,提到“嵌合抗原受体”包括多个这样的嵌合抗原受体,提到“二聚化剂(dimerizer)结合对”包括提到一个或多个二聚化剂结合对及其本领域技术人员已知的等同物,等等。还应注意的是,权利要求可能撰写为排除了任何可选元素。因此,这种陈述旨在用于使用与作为与权力要求要素的引用相关的排他性术语如“单独地”“仅”等或使用“负”限定的先行基础。
应理解,为了清楚而提供描述在分开的实施方案的上限文中的本发明的某些特征也可组合地提供在单个实施方案中。发过来,为了简洁而描述在单个实施方案的上下文中的本发明的多个特征也可分开或以任何合适的亚组合提供。本发明相关的实施方案的所有组合均明确地包括在本发明中并且由本文所公开,就如同每一个组合均被单独地并且明确得公开。此外,多个实施方案及其要素的亚组合也明确地包括在本发明中并且由本文所公开,就如同每一个亚组合均被单独地并且明确得公开。
本文讨论的出版物仅被提供用于其在本申请的申请日之前的公开内容。本文没有内容可以被解释为承认本发明不能凭借在先发明而有权先于这些出版物。此外,所提供的出版物日期可能不同于实际出版日期,后者可能需要独立地确认。
详述
本公开提供了异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体(CAR,以及包含编码CAR的核苷酸序列的核酸。本公开提供了被遗传修饰以产生CAR的细胞。本公开的CAR可用于多种方法,该方法同样被提供。
异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体
本公开提供了异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体,为了简化起见,本文将其“CAR”。
在一些实施方案中,本公开的CAR包含:a)第一多肽,其含有:i)特异性结合对的成员(例如,抗原结合结构域);ii)第一调节结构域;iii)二聚化对的第一成员;和iv)插入在特异性结合对的成员(例如,抗原结合结构域)和第一调节结构域之间的跨膜结构域;和b)第二多肽,其含有:i)跨膜结构域;ii)第二调节结构域;iii)二聚化对的第二成员;和iv)胞内信号结构域。调节结构域可以是共刺激结构域。
在一些实施方案中,本公开的CAR包含:a)第一多肽,其含有:i)特异性结合对的成员(例如,抗原结合结构域);ii)第一共刺激结构域;iii)二聚化对(例如,二聚化剂结合对)的第一成员;和iv)插入在特异性结合对的成员(例如,抗原结合结构域)和第一共刺激结构域之间的跨膜结构域;和b)第二多肽,其含有:i)跨膜结构域;ii)第二共刺激结构域;iii)二聚化对(例如,二聚化剂结合对)的第二成员;和iv)胞内信号结构域。
在一些实施方案中,本公开的CAR包含:a)第一多肽,其含有:i)特异性结合对的成员(例如,抗原结合结构域);ii)调节结构域;iii)二聚化对(例如,二聚化剂结合对)的第一成员;和iv)插入在特异性结合对的成员(例如,抗原结合结构域)和调节结构域之间的跨膜结构域;和b)第二多肽,其含有:i)二聚化对(例如,二聚化剂结合对)的第二成员;和ii)胞内信号结构域。
在一些实施方案中,本公开的CAR包含:a)第一多肽,其含有:i)特异性结合对的成员(例如,抗原结合结构域);ii)共刺激结构域;iii)二聚化对(例如,二聚化剂结合对)的第一成员;和iv)插入在特异性结合对的成员(例如,抗原结合结构域)和共刺激结构域之间的跨膜结构域;和b)第二多肽,其含有:i)二聚化对(例如,二聚化剂结合对)的第二成员;和ii)胞内信号结构域。
图17中示例性给出了本发明CAR的一个实例。本公开的CAR可以存在于真核细胞如哺乳动物细胞的浆膜中,其中合适的哺乳动物细胞包括但不限于:细胞毒性细胞、T篱笆细胞、干细胞、干细胞的后代、祖细胞、祖细胞的后代和NK细胞。当存在于真核细胞的浆膜中时,本公开的CAR在以下物质的存在下激活:1)结合CAR中的二聚化剂结合对的第一和第二成员或者以其他方式诱导二聚体的第一成员和第二成员的二聚化的二聚化剂;以及2)结合特异性结合对的成员(例如,抗原结合结构域)的因子,例如结合CAR的抗原结合结构域的抗原。结合特异性结合对的成员的因子是特异性结合对的第二成员。特异性结合对的第二成员可以是可溶(例如,不与细胞结合)因子;存在于细胞(如靶细胞)表面上的因子;存在于固体表面上的因子;存在于脂质双层中的因子等。当特异性结合对的成员是抗体时,特异性结合对的第二成员可以是抗原,抗原可以是可溶(例如,不与细胞结合)抗原;存在于细胞(如靶细胞)表面上的抗原;存在于固体表面上的抗原;存在于脂质双层中的抗原等。
在一些情况下,当本公开的CAR存在于真核细胞的浆膜中并且当被结合CAR的特异性结合对的成员的特异性结合对的第二成员(例如,结合CAR的抗原结合结构域的抗原)和二聚化剂激活时,细胞中至少一种核酸的表达增加。例如,在一些情况下,当本公开的CAR存在于真核细胞的浆膜中并且当被结合CAR的抗原结合结构域的抗原和二聚化剂激活时,与不存在抗原和/或二聚化剂的情况下核酸的转录水平相比,细胞中至少一种核酸的表达增加至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约40%、至少约50%、至少约75%、至少约2倍、至少约2.5倍、至少约5倍、至少约10倍或超过10倍。
例如,本公开的CAR的第二多肽可包含含有基于免疫受体酪氨酸的激活基序(ITAM)的胞内信号多肽,在这种情况下,当本公开的CAR存在于真核细胞的浆膜中并且当被结合CAR的抗原结合结构域的抗原和二聚化剂激活时,活化T细胞的核因子(NFAT)依赖性转录增加。NFAT依赖性转录包括由NFAT家族的任意成员诱导的转录,成员包括例如NFATc1、NFATc2、NFATc3、NFATc4、NFAT5;AP-1;Sp1;NKκB等。
当本公开的CAR存在于真核细胞的浆膜中并且当被结合CAR的抗原结合结构域的抗原和二聚化剂激活时,在一些情况下,可导致细胞的一种或多种细胞因子的产生增加。例如,当本公开的CAR存在于真核细胞的浆膜中并且当被结合CAR的抗原结合结构域的抗原和二聚化剂激活时,与不存在抗原和/或二聚化剂的情况下细胞产生的细胞因子的量相比,可使细胞的细胞因子的产生增加至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约40%、至少约50%、至少约75%、至少约2倍、至少约2.5倍、至少约5倍、至少约10倍或超过10倍。产生可能增加的细胞因子包括但不限于干扰素,例如IL-2、干扰素γ((IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、IL-15、IL-12、IL-4、IL-5、IL-10;趋化因子;生长因子等。
在一些情况下,当本公开的CAR存在于真核细胞的浆膜中并且当被结合CAR的抗原结合结构域的抗原和二聚化剂激活时,可导致细胞中核酸的转录增加以及细胞的细胞因子的产生增加二者。
在一些情况下,当本公开的CAR存在于真核细胞的浆膜中并且当被二聚化剂激活时,导致细胞对在其细胞表面表达有CAR的第一多肽的抗原结合结构域所结合的抗原的靶细胞的细胞毒活性。例如,在真核细胞是细胞毒性细胞(例如,NK细胞或细胞毒性T淋巴细胞)时,当本公开的CAR存在于真核细胞的浆膜中并且当被二聚化剂激活时,细胞对在其细胞表面表达有CAR的第一多肽的抗原结合结构域所结合的抗原的靶细胞的细胞毒活性增加。例如,在真核细胞是NK细胞或细胞毒性T淋巴细胞时,当本公开的CAR存在于真核细胞的浆膜中并且当被二聚化剂激活时,与不存在二聚化剂时细胞的细胞毒活性相比,细胞的细胞毒活性增加至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约40%、至少约50%、至少约75%、至少约2倍、至少约2.5倍、至少约5倍、至少约10倍或超过10倍。
在一些情况下,当本公开的CAR存在于真核细胞的浆膜中并且当被结合CAR的抗原结合结构域的抗原和二聚化剂激活时,可导致其他CAR相关事件,例如增殖和扩大(由于细胞分裂增加或抗凋亡反应)。
在一些情况下,当本公开的CAR存在于真核细胞的浆膜中并且当被结合CAR的抗原结合结构域的抗原和二聚化剂激活时,可导致其他CAR相关事件,例如细胞内信号调变、细胞分化或细胞死亡。
本公开的CAR可存在于真核细胞中,其中CAR的第一多肽和第二多肽彼此不共价连接。本公开的CAR可作为单个异二聚体存在于真核细胞膜中,其不与膜中的任何其他多肽共价连接。或者,本公开的第一CAR可作为与本公开的第二CAR共价或非共价连接的异二聚体存在于真核细胞膜中。在一些情况下,第一CAR和第二CAR通过存在于第一CAR的第一多肽和第二CAR的第一多肽二者中的铰链区中的半胱氨酸之间形成的二硫键共价连接。
在一些情况下,本公开的CAR可存在于真核细胞膜中,其中CAR的第一多肽含有抗体片段,CAR的第二多肽含有来自细胞因子受体的信号转导结构域,使得在二聚化后,CAR可表现为异二聚体的信号体(signalobody)CAR,例如,由至少两个独立多肽构成的信号体。如本领域中已知的,“信号体”是由抗体片段和来自细胞因子受体的信号转导结构域构成的单个嵌合高分子。在某些情况下,当本公开的异二聚体的信号体CAR存在于真核细胞的细胞膜中,被二聚化剂二聚化并且被抗原(例如,低聚抗原)激活时,可诱导异二聚体的信号体CAR进行低聚反应。这种配体诱导的异二聚体的信号体CAR的低聚反应可激活例如提高或保持信号转导,例如,配体诱导的异二聚体的信号体CAR的低聚反应可发送诱发细胞反应的信号。在一些情况下,可将多个异二聚体的信号体CAR用于组合以引起期望的细胞反应。
特异性结合对的成员
本公开的CAR包含特异性结合对的成员。特异性结合对包括但不限于抗原-抗体结合对、配体-受体结合对等。因此,适合用于本公开的CAR的特异性结合对的成员包括抗原、抗体、配体和配体结合受体。
抗原结合结构域
适合用于本公开的CAR的抗原结合结构域可以是任何抗原结合多肽,其中很多种是本领域中已知的。在一些情况下,抗原结合结构域是单链Fv(scFv)。另一些基于抗体的识别结构域(cAb VHH(骆驼抗体可变结构域)及人源化变体、IgNAR VH(鲨鱼抗体可变结构域)及人源化变体、sdAb VH(单结构域抗体可变结构域)及“骆驼源化”抗体可变结构域均适合使用。在一些情况下,基于T细胞受体(TCR)的识别结构域,例如单链TCR(scTv,含有VαVβ的单链二结构域TCR)也适合使用。
适合用于本公开的CAR的抗原结合结构域可具有多种抗原结合特异性。在一些情况下,抗原结合结构域对存在于癌细胞表达(合成)的抗原(基,癌细胞相关抗原)上的表位具有特异性。癌细胞相关抗原可以是以下癌细胞的相关抗原:例如,乳癌细胞、B细胞淋巴瘤、霍奇金淋巴瘤细胞、卵巢癌细胞、前列腺癌细胞、间皮瘤、肺癌细胞(例如,小细胞肺癌细胞)、非霍奇金B细胞淋巴瘤(B-NHL)细胞、卵巢癌细胞、前列腺癌细胞、间皮瘤细胞、肺癌细胞(例如,小细胞肺癌细胞)、黑素瘤细胞、慢性淋巴细胞白血病细胞、神经胶质瘤、成胶质细胞瘤、成神经管细胞瘤、结直肠癌细胞等。癌细胞相关抗原还可以由非癌细胞表达。
可与本发明CAR的抗原结合结构域结合的抗原的非限制性实例包括,例如CD19、CD20、CD38、CD30、Her2/neu、ERBB2、CA125、MUC-1、前列腺特异性膜抗原(PSMA)、CD44表面粘附分子、间皮素、癌胚抗原(CEA)、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、EGFRvIII、血管内皮生长因子受体-2(VEGFR2)、高分子量黑色素瘤相关抗原(HMW-MAA)、MAGE-A1、IL-13R-a2、GD2等。
配体
在一些情况下,适合用于本发明CAR的特异性结合对的成员是受体的配体。配体包括但不限于:细胞因子(例如,IL-13等)、生长因子(例如,调蛋白(heregulin)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)等)、整合素结合肽(例如,包含序列Arg-Gly-Asp的肽)等。
当本发明CAR中的特异性结合对的成员是配体时,CAR可以在二聚化剂和特异性结合对的第二成员的存在下激活,其中还特异性结合对的第二成员是配体的受体。例如,当配体是VEGF时,特异性结合对的第二成员可以是VEGF受体,包括可溶性VEGF受体。又例如,当配体是调蛋白时,特异性结合对的第二成员可以是Her2。
受体
如上所述,在一些情况下,包含在本发明CAR中的特异性结合对的成员是受体,例如,配体的受体、共受体等。合适的受体包括但不限于:生长因子受体(例如,VEGF受体);杀伤细胞凝集素样受体子族K,成员1(NKG2D)多肽(MICA、MICB和ULB6的受体);细胞因子受体(例如,IL-13受体、IL-2受体等);Her2;CD27;自然细胞毒性受体(NCR)(例如,NKP30(NCR3/CD337)多肽(HLA-B相关转录体3(BAT3)共和B7-H6的受体)等。
铰链区
在一些情况下,本发明CAR的第一多肽包含铰链区(在本文中也称为“间隔区”),其中铰链区插入在抗原结合结构域和跨膜结构域之间。在一些情况下,铰链区是免疫球蛋白重链铰链区。在一些情况下,铰链区是来自受体的铰链区多肽(例如,来自CD8的铰链区)。
铰链区的长度可以为如4个氨基酸至约50个氨基酸,例如约4aa至约10aa、约10aa至约15aa、约15aa至约20aa、约20aa至约25aa、约25aa至约30aa、约30aa至约40、或约40aa至约50aa。
合适的间隔区可以容易地选择,并且可以是若干合适长度中的任意一种,例如1个氨基酸(例如,Gly)至20个氨基酸、2个氨基酸至15个氨基酸、3个氨基酸至12个氨基酸,包括4个氨基酸至10个氨基酸、5个氨基酸至9个氨基酸、6个氨基酸至8个氨基酸、或7个氨基酸至8个氨基酸,并且可以是1、2、3、4、5、6或7个氨基酸。
示例性间隔区包括甘氨酸聚合物(G)n、甘氨酸-丝氨酸聚合物(包括,例如(GS)n、(GSGGS)n(SEQ ID NO:37)和(GGGS)n(SEQ ID NO:38),其中n是至少为1的整数)、甘氨酸-丙氨酸聚合物、丙氨酸-丝氨酸聚合物以及其他本领域中已知的柔性接头。可以使用甘氨酸和甘氨酸-丝氨酸聚合物,Gly和Ser二者是相对非结构化的,因此可作为组件之间的中性纽带。可以使用甘氨酸聚合物,甘氨酸甚至比丙氨酸显著占据更多phi-psi空间,并且比具有较长侧链的残基更不受限制(参见Scheraga,Rev.Computational Chem.11173-142(1992))。示例性间隔区可包含这样的氨基酸序列,其包括但不限于:GGSG(SEQ ID NO:39)、GGSGG(SEQ ID NO:40)、GSGSG(SEQ ID NO:41)、GSGGG(SEQ ID NO:42)、GGGSG(SEQ ID NO:43)、GSSSG(SEQ ID NO:44)等。
在一些情况下,本发明CAR的第一多肽的铰链区包含至少一个半胱氨酸。例如,在一些情况下,铰链区即可包含序列Cys-Pro-Pro-Cys。如果存在,第一CAR的铰链区中的半胱氨酸可用于与第二CAR中的铰链区形成二硫键。
免疫球蛋白铰链区氨基酸序列是本领域中已知的,参见例如Tan等(1990)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 87:162;和Huck等.(1986)Nucl.Acids Res.14:1779。作为非限制性实例,免疫球蛋白铰链区可以包含以下序列中的一种:DKTHT(SEQ ID NO:45);CPPC(SEQ ID NO:46);CPEPKSCDTPPPCPR(SEQ ID NO:47)(参见例如,Glaser等.(2005)J.Biol.Chem.280:41494);ELKTPLGDTTHT(SEQ ID NO:48);KSCDKTHTCP(SEQ ID NO:49);KCCVDCP(SEQ ID NO:50);KYGPPCP(SEQ ID NO:51);EPKSCDKTHTCPPCP(SEQ ID NO:52)(人IgG1铰链);ERKCCVECPPCP(SEQ ID NO:53)(人IgG2铰链);ELKTPLGDTTHTCPRCP(SEQ ID NO:54)(人IgG3铰链);SPNMVPHAHHAQ(SEQ ID NO:55)(人IgG4铰链)等。
铰链区可包含人IgG1、IgG2、IgG3或IgG4铰链区的氨基酸序列。与野生型(天然存在的)铰链区相比,铰链区可包括一个或更多个氨基酸替换和/或插入和/或缺失。例如,人IgG1铰链区的His229可以替换成Tyr,因此铰链区包含序列EPKSCDKTYTCPPCP(SEQ ID NO:52);参见,例如Yan等.(2012)J.Biol.Chem.287:5891。
铰链区可以包含来源于人CD8的氨基酸序列,例如,铰链区可以包含氨基酸序列TTTPAPRPPTPAPTIASQPLSLRPEACRPAAGGA VHTRGLDFACD(SEQ ID NO:56)或其变体。
跨膜结构域
本公开的CAR的第一多肽和第二多肽包含用于插入到真核细胞膜中的跨膜结构域。第一多肽的第一结构插入在抗原结合结构域和共刺激结构域之间。当第一多肽包含铰链区时,跨膜结构域插入在铰链区和共刺激结构域之间,这样,第一多肽以从氨基末端(N末端)到羧基末端(C末端)的顺序包含:抗原结合结构域、铰链区、跨膜结构域、第一从刺激结构域和二聚化剂结合对的第一成员。
第二多肽的跨膜结构域出于多肽的N末端或在N末端附件,这样,第二多肽从N末端到C末端的顺序包含:跨膜结构域、第二共刺激结构域、二聚化剂结合对的第二成员和胞内信号结构域。
任何被提供用于将多肽插入到真核(例如,哺乳动物)细胞的细胞膜内的跨膜(TM)结构域均适合使用。作为一个非限制性实例,可使用TM序列IYIWAPLAGTCGVLLLSLVITLYC(SEQ ID NO:30)。合适的TM序列的另外的非限制性实例包括:a)来自CD8β:LGLLVAGVLVLLVSLGVAIHLCC(SEQ ID NO:57);b)来自CD4的:ALIVLGGVAGLLLFIGLGIFFCVRC(SEQ ID NO:58);c)来自CD3ζ的:LCYLLDGILFIYGVILTALFLRV(SEQ ID NO:59);d)来自CD28的:WVLVVVGGVLACYSLLVTVAFIIFWV(SEQ ID NO:60);e)来自CD134(OX40)的:VAAILGLGLVLGLLGPLAILLALYLL(SEQ ID NO:61);和f)来自CD7的:ALPAALAVISFLLGLGLGVACVLA(SEQ ID NO:62)。
接头
在一些情况下,本发明CAR的第一多肽包含任意两个相连结构域之间的接头。例如,接头可以设置在第一多肽的跨膜结构域和第一共刺激结构域之间。又例如,结构可以设置在第一多肽的第一共刺激结构域和二聚化剂结合对的第一成员之间。又例如,接头可设置在第二多肽第二多肽的跨膜结构域恩和第二共刺激结构域之间。又例如,结构可设置在第二多肽的第二共刺激结构域和二聚化剂结合对的第二成员之间。又例如,接头可设置在第二多肽的二聚化剂结合对的第二成员和胞内信号结构域之间。
接头肽可以是多种氨基酸序列中的任意一种。蛋白质可通过间隔区肽(通常为柔性)连接,但是也不排除其他化学连接。接头可以是长为约6至约40个氨基酸或长为约6只约25个氨基酸的肽。可使用合成的接头编码寡核苷酸产生这些接头以连接蛋白质。可使用具有柔韧度的肽接头。接头肽几乎可具有任意氨基酸序列,但应考虑到合适的结构将具有通常导致柔性肽的序列。小氨基酸如甘氨酸和丙氨酸被用于产生柔性肽。这样的序列的产生对于本领域技术人员来说是常规的。
合适的接头可以容易地选择,并且可以是若干合适长度中的任意一种,例如1个氨基酸(例如,Gly)至20个氨基酸、2个氨基酸至15个氨基酸、3个氨基酸至12个氨基酸,包括4个氨基酸至10个氨基酸、5个氨基酸至9个氨基酸、6个氨基酸至8个氨基酸、或7个氨基酸至8个氨基酸,并且可以是1、2、3、4、5、6或7个氨基酸。
示例性接头包括甘氨酸聚合物(G)n、甘氨酸-丝氨酸聚合物(包括,例如(GS)n、(GSGGS)n(SEQ ID NO:37)和(GGGS)n(SEQ ID NO:38),其中n是至少为1的整数)、甘氨酸-丙氨酸聚合物、丙氨酸-丝氨酸聚合物以及其他本领域中已知的柔性接头。对于甘氨酸和甘氨酸-丝氨酸聚合物二者很有兴趣,因为这两种氨基酸是相对非结构化的,因此可作为组件之间的中性纽带。特别感兴趣的是甘氨酸聚合物,因为甘氨酸甚至比丙氨酸显著占据更多phi-psi空间,并且比具有较长侧链的残基更不受限制(参见Scheraga,Rev.ComputationalChem.11173-142(1992))。示例性接头包括但不限于:GGSG(SEQ ID NO:39)、GGSGG(SEQ IDNO:40)、GSGSG(SEQ ID NO:41)、GSGGG(SEQ ID NO:42)、GGGSG(SEQ ID NO:43)、GSSSG(SEQID NO:44)等。本领域技术人员将承认,与任意上述元件缀合的肽的设计可包含全部或部分柔性的接头,这样接头可包括柔性接头盒赋予较少柔性接头的一个或多个部分。
调节结构域
适合本公开的CAR使用的调节结构域包括共刺激结构域。
在一些情况下,本发明CAR的第一多肽上的调节结构域与CAR的第二多肽上的调节结构域具有基本相同的氨基酸序列。例如,在一些情况下,CAR的第一多肽上的调节结构域包含与CAR的第二多肽上的调节结构域的氨基酸序列至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%、至少约99%或100%同一的氨基酸序列。本发明CAR的第一多肽的调节结构域可与本发明CAR的第二多肽的调节结构域具有基本相同的长度,例如,第一调节结构域和第二调节结构域彼此的长度可相差少于10个氨基酸或少于5个氨基酸。在一些情况下,第一调节结构域和第二调节结构域具有相同长度。
适合包含在本发明CAR的第一多肽和第二多肽中的调节结构域可具有约30个氨基酸至约70个氨基酸(aa)的长度,例如,调节结构域可具有以下长度:约30aa至约35aa、约35aa至约40aa、约40aa至约45aa、约45aa至约50aa、约50aa至约55aa、约55aa至约60aa、约60aa至约65aa、或约65aa至约70aa。在另一些情况下,调节结构域可具有约70aa至约100aa、约100aa至约200aa或大于200aa的长度。
适合用于本公开的CAR的共刺激结构域通常是来自受体的多肽。在一些实施方案中,从刺激结构域同二聚体化(homodimerize)。合适的共刺激结构域可以是扩膜蛋白的胞内部分(即,从刺激结构域可来自跨膜蛋白)。合适的共刺激多肽的非限制性实例包括但不限于4-1BB(CD137)、CD28、ICOS、OX-40、BTLA、CD27、CD30、GITR和HVEM。
在一些情况下,本发明CAR的第一多肽上的共刺激结构域与CAR的第二多肽上的共刺激结构域具有基本的氨基酸序列。例如,在一些情况下,CAR的第一多肽上的共刺激结构域包含与CAR的第二多肽上的共刺激结构域的氨基酸序列至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%、至少约99%或100%同一的氨基酸序列。本发明CAR的第一多肽的共刺激结构域可与本发明CAR的第二多肽的共刺激结构域具有基本相同的长度,例如,第一共刺激结构域和第二共刺激结构域彼此的长度可相差少于10个氨基酸或少于5个氨基酸。在一些情况下,第一调节结构域和第二调节结构域具有相同长度。
适合包含在本发明CAR的第一多肽和第二多肽中的共刺激结构域可具有约30个氨基酸至约70个氨基酸(aa)的长度,例如,共刺激结构域可具有以下长度:约30aa至约35aa、约35aa至约40aa、约40aa至约45aa、约45aa至约50aa、约50aa至约55aa、约55aa至约60aa、约60aa至约65aa、或约65aa至约70aa。在另一些情况下,共刺激结构域可具有约70aa至约100aa、约100aa至约200aa或大于200aa的长度。
在一些情况下,共刺激结构域来自扩膜蛋白4-1BB(也称为TNFRSF9、CD137、4-1BB、CDw137、ILA等)的胞内部分。例如,合适的共刺激结构域可包含与以下氨基酸序列具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:
在一些实施方案中,第一多肽和第二多肽二者的共刺激结构域具有约30aa至约35aa、约35aa至约40aa、约40aa至约45aa、约45aa至约50aa、约50aa至约55aa、约55aa至约60aa、约60aa至约65aa、或约65aa至约70aa的长度。
在一些情况下,共刺激结构域来自扩膜蛋白CD28(也称为Tp44)的胞内部分。例如,合适的共刺激结构域可包含与以下氨基酸序列具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:
在一些实施方案中,第一多肽和第二多肽二者的共刺激结构域具有约30aa至约35aa、约35aa至约40aa、约40aa至约45aa、约45aa至约50aa、约50aa至约55aa、约55aa至约60aa、约60aa至约65aa、或约65aa至约70aa的长度。
在一些情况下,共刺激结构域来自扩膜蛋白ICOS(也称为AILIM、CD278和CVID1)的胞内部分。例如,合适的共刺激结构域可包含与以下氨基酸序列具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:
在一些实施方案中,第一多肽和第二多肽二者的共刺激结构域具有约30aa至约35aa、约35aa至约40aa、约40aa至约45aa、约45aa至约50aa、约50aa至约55aa、约55aa至约60aa、约60aa至约65aa、或约65aa至约70aa的长度。
在一些情况下,共刺激结构域来自扩膜蛋白OX-40(也称为TNFRSF4、RP5-902P8.3、ACT35、CD134、OX40、TXGP1L)的胞内部分。例如,合适的共刺激结构域可包含与以下氨基酸序列具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:
。在一些实施方案中,第一多肽和第二多肽二者的共刺激结构域具有约30aa至约35aa、约35aa至约40aa、约40aa至约45aa、约45aa至约50aa、约50aa至约55aa、约55aa至约60aa、约60aa至约65aa、或约65aa至约70aa的长度。
在一些情况下,共刺激结构域来自扩膜蛋白BTLA(也称为BTLA1和CD272)的胞内部分。例如,合适的共刺激结构域可包含与以下氨基酸序列具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:
在一些情况下,共刺激结构域来自扩膜蛋白CD27(也称为S152、T14、TNFRSF7和Tp55)的胞内部分。例如,合适的共刺激结构域可包含与以下氨基酸序列具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:
(SEQ ID NO:67)。在一些实施方案中,第一多肽和第二多肽二者的共刺激结构域具有约30aa至约35aa、约35aa至约40aa、约40aa至约45aa、约45aa至约50aa、约50aa至约55aa、约55aa至约60aa、约60aa至约65aa、或约65aa至约70aa的长度。
在一些情况下,共刺激结构域来自扩膜蛋白CD30(也称为TNFRSF8、D1以下氨基酸S166E和Ki-1)的胞内部分。例如,合适的共刺激结构域可包含与序列的约100个氨基酸至约110个氨基酸(aa)、约110aa至约115aa、约115aa至约120aa、约120aa至约130aa、约130aa至约140aa、约140aa至约150aa、约150aa至约160aa、或约160aa至约185aa的连续延伸具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:
在一些情况下,共刺激结构域来自扩膜蛋白GITR(也称为TNFRSF18、RP5-902P8.2、AITR、CD357和GITR-D)的胞内部分。例如,合适的共刺激结构域可包含与以下氨基酸序列具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:
(SEQID NO:69)。在一些实施方案中,第一多肽和第二多肽二者的共刺激结构域具有约30aa至约35aa、约35aa至约40aa、约40aa至约45aa、约45aa至约50aa、约50aa至约55aa、约55aa至约60aa、约60aa至约65aa、或约65aa至约70aa的长度。
在一些情况下,共刺激结构域来自扩膜蛋白HVEM(也称为TNFRSF14、RP3-395M20.6、ATAR、CD270、HVEA、HVEM、LIGHTR和TR2)的胞内部分。例如,合适的共刺激结构域可包含与以下氨基酸序列具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:
在一些实施方案中,第一多肽和第二多肽二者的共刺激结构域具有约30aa至约35aa、约35aa至约40aa、约40aa至约45aa、约45aa至约50aa、约50aa至约55aa、约55aa至约60aa、约60aa至约65aa、或约65aa至约70aa的长度。
二聚体对
适合用于本发明CAR的二聚体对包括二聚化剂结合对。适合用于本公开的CAR的二聚化剂结合对在一些实施方案中是与同一分子(本文中称为“二聚化剂(dimerizer)”)的不同位点结合的多肽。在二聚化剂的存在下,二聚化剂结合对的两个成员与二聚化剂的不同点位结合从而彼此接近。在一些实施方案中国,与二聚化剂的结合是可逆的。在一些实施方案中,与二聚化剂的结合是不可逆的。在一些实施方案中,与二聚化剂的结合是非共价的。在一些实施方案中,与二聚化剂的结合是共价的。
另一些适合使用的二聚体对对包括在二聚体对的第一成员与二聚化剂结合后二聚化的二聚化剂结合对,其中二聚化剂诱导二聚体对的第一成员的构象变化,并且其中构象变化使得二聚体对的第一成员能够与二聚体对的第二成员结合(共价或非共价)。
另一些适合使用的二聚体对包括其中暴露于光(例如,蓝光)诱导二聚体对的二聚化的二聚体对。
无论机制如何,二聚体对将在暴露于诱导二聚化的试剂后二聚化,其中该试剂在一些情况下是小分子,或者在另一些情况下是光。因此,为了简化起见,以下关于“二聚化剂结合对”的讨论包括二聚化的二聚体对,而无论机制如何。
合适的二聚体(例如,二聚化剂结合对)的非限制性实例包括但不限于:
a)FK506结合蛋白(FKBP)和FKBP;
b)FKBP和钙调磷酸酶催化亚基A(CnA);
c)FKBP和亲环素;
d)FKBP和FKBP-雷帕霉素相关蛋白(FRB);
e)旋转酶B(GyrB)和GyrB;
f)二氢叶酸还原酶(DHFR)和DHFR;
g)DmrB和DmrB;
h)PYL和ABI;
i)Cry2和CIB1;以及
j)GAI和GID1。
本发明CAR的二聚体(例如,二聚化剂结合对)的第一或第二成员可具有约50个氨基酸至约300个氨基酸或更长的长度;例如,本发明CAR的二聚体(例如,二聚化剂结合对)的第一或第二成员可具有约50aa至约100aa、约100aa至约150aa、约150aa至约200aa、约200aa至约约250aa、约250aa至约300aa、或超过300aa的长度。
在一些情况下,本发明CAR的二聚体(例如,二聚化剂结合对)的成员来自FKBP。例如,合适的二聚化剂结合对成员可包含与以下氨基酸序列具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:
在一些情况下,本发明CAR的二聚化剂结合对的成员来自钙调磷酸酶催化亚基A(也称为PPP3CA;CALN;CALNA;CALNA1;CCN1;CNA1;PPP2B;CAM-PRP催化亚基;钙调磷酸酶Aα;钙调蛋白依赖性钙调磷酸酶A亚基α同种型;蛋白磷酸酶2B,催化亚基α同种型等)。例如,合适的二聚化剂结合对成员可包含与以下氨基酸序列(PP2Ac结构域)具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:
在一些情况下,二聚体(例如,二聚化剂结合对)的成员来自亲环蛋白(也称为亲环蛋白A、PPIA、CYPA、CYPH、PPIase A等)。例如,合适的二聚化剂结合对成员可包含与以下氨基酸序列具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:
在一些情况下,二聚体(例如,二聚化剂结合对)的成员来自MTOR(也称为FKBP-雷帕霉素相关蛋白;FK506结合蛋白12-雷帕霉素相关蛋白1;FK506结合蛋白12-雷帕霉素相关蛋白2;FK506-结合蛋白12-雷帕霉素复合物相关蛋白1;FRAP;FRAP1;FRAP2;RAFT1;和RAPT1)。例如,合适的二聚化剂结合对成员可包含与以下氨基酸序列(也称为“Frb”:Fkbp-雷帕霉素结合结构域)具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:
在一些情况下,二聚体(例如,二聚化剂结合对)的成员来自GyrB(也称为DNA旋转酶亚基B)。例如,合适的二聚化剂结合对成员可包含与以下来自大肠杆菌(Escherichiacoli)的GyrB氨基酸序列(或来自任何生物体的DNA旋转酶亚基B序列)的约100个氨基酸至约200个氨基酸(aa)、约200aa至约300aa、约300aa至约400aa、约400aa至约500aa、约500aa至约600aa、约600aa至约700aa、或约700aa至约800aa的连续延伸具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:
在一些情况下,二聚化剂结合对成员包含于上文所列来自大肠杆菌的GyrB氨基酸序列的1-220氨基酸具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列。
在一些情况下,二聚体(例如,二聚化剂结合对)的成员来自DHFR(也称为二氢叶酸还原酶、DHFRP1和DYR)。例如,合适的二聚化剂结合对成员可包含与以下氨基酸序列具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:
在一些情况下,二聚体(例如,二聚化剂结合对)的成员来自DmrB结合结构域(即,DmrB同源二聚化结构域)。例如,合适的二聚化剂结合对成员可包含与以下氨基酸序列具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:
在一些情况下,二聚体(例如,二聚化剂结合对)的成员来自PYL蛋白(也称为脱落酸受体和RCAR)。例如,本发明二聚化剂结合对的成员可来自例如拟南芥(Arabidopsisthaliana)的那些蛋白质:PYR1、RCAR1(PYL9)、PYL1、PYL2、PYL3、PYL4、PYL5、PYL6、PYL7、PYL8(RCAR3)、PYL10、PYL11、PYL12、PYL13。例如,合适的二聚化剂结合对成员可包含与以下氨基酸序列具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:
PYL10:
PYL11:
PYL12:
PYL13:
PYL1:
PYL2:
PYL3:
PYL4:
PYL5:
PYL6:
PYL7:
PYL8:
PYL9:
PYR1:
在一些情况下,二聚体(例如,二聚化剂结合对)的成员来自ABI蛋白(也称为脱落酸不敏感(Abscisic Acid-Insensitive))。例如,本发明二聚化剂结合对的成员可来自例如拟南芥的那些蛋白质:ABI1(也称为脱落酸不敏感1、蛋白磷酸酶2C 56,AtPP2C56、P2C56和PP2C ABI1)和/或ABI2(也称为P2C77、蛋白磷酸酶2C 77、AtPP2C77、脱落酸不敏感2、蛋白磷酸酶2C ABI2和PP2C ABI2)。例如,合适的二聚化剂结合对成员可包含与以下氨基酸序列中任一个的约100个氨基酸至约110个氨基酸(aa)、约110aa至约115aa、约115aa至约120aa、约120aa至约130aa、约130aa至约140aa、约140aa至约150aa、约150aa至约160aa、约160aa至约170aa、约170aa至约180aa、约180aa至约190aa、或约190aa至约200aa的连续延伸具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:
ABI1:
ABI2:
在一些情况下,二聚体(例如,二聚化剂结合对)的成员来自Cry2蛋白(也称为隐花色素2)。例如,本发明二聚体(例如,二聚化剂结合对)的成员可来自任何生物体(例如,植物)的Cry2蛋白,例如,包括但不限于拟南芥的那些。例如,合适的二聚化剂结合对成员可包含与以下氨基酸序列中任一个的约100个氨基酸至约110个氨基酸(aa)、约110aa至约115aa、约115aa至约120aa、约120aa至约130aa、约130aa至约140aa、约140aa至约150aa、约150aa至约160aa、约160aa至约170aa、约170aa至约180aa、约180aa至约190aa、或约190aa至约200aa的连续延伸具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:
Cry2(拟南芥)
在一些情况下,二聚体(例如,二聚化剂结合对)的成员来自CIB1拟南芥蛋白(也称为转录因子bHLH63)。例如,合适的二聚化剂结合对成员可包含与以下氨基酸序列的约100个氨基酸至约110个氨基酸(aa)、约110aa至约115aa、约115aa至约120aa、约120aa至约130aa、约130aa至约140aa、约140aa至约150aa、约150aa至约160aa、约160aa至约170aa、约170aa至约180aa、约180aa至约190aa、或约190aa至约200aa的连续延伸具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:
在一些情况下,二聚体(例如,二聚化剂结合对)的成员来自GAI拟南芥蛋白(也称为赤霉酸不敏感和DELLA蛋白GAI)。例如,合适的二聚化剂结合对成员可包含与以下氨基酸序列的约100个氨基酸至约110个氨基酸(aa)、约110aa至约115aa、约115aa至约120aa、约120aa至约130aa、约130aa至约140aa、约140aa至约150aa、约150aa至约160aa、约160aa至约170aa、约170aa至约180aa、约180aa至约190aa、或约190aa至约200aa的连续延伸具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:
在一些情况下,二聚体(例如,二聚化剂结合对)的成员来自GID1拟南芥蛋白(也称为赤霉素受体GID1)。例如,合适的二聚化剂结合对成员可包含与以下氨基酸序列中的任意一个的约100个氨基酸至约110个氨基酸(aa)、约110aa至约115aa、约115aa至约120aa、约120aa至约130aa、约130aa至约140aa、约140aa至约150aa、约150aa至约160aa、约160aa至约170aa、约170aa至约180aa、约180aa至约190aa、或约190aa至约200aa的连续延伸具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:
GID1A:
GID1B:
GID1C:
二聚化剂
可提供用于二聚化剂结合对的第一成员与二聚化剂结合对的第二成员的二聚化的二聚化剂包括例如(其中二聚化剂是以下二聚化剂结合对的括号内内容:
a)FKBP和FKBP(雷帕霉素);
b)FKBP和CnA(雷帕霉素);
c)FKBP和亲环蛋白(雷帕霉素);
d)FKBP和FRG(雷帕霉素);
e)GyrB和GyrB(库马霉素);
f)DHFR和DHFR(甲氨蝶呤);
g)DmrB和DmrB(AP20187);
h)PYL和ABI(脱落酸);
i)Cry2和CIB1(蓝光);和
j)GAI和GID1(赤霉素)。
如上所述,雷帕霉素可作为二聚化剂。或者,可使用雷帕霉素或其衍生物。参见,例如WO96/41865、WO 99/36553、WO 01/14387,以及Ye等(1999)Science 283:88-91。例如,在结构上与雷帕霉素相关的类似物、同系物、衍生物及其他化合物(“雷帕霉素类(rapalog)”)特别包括与雷帕霉素相比具有一个或多个以下变化的雷帕霉素变体:脱甲基,移除或替换C7、C42和/或C29的甲氧基;移除、衍生化或替换C13、C43和/或C28的氢;还原、移除或衍生化C14、C24和/或C30的酮;将6元哌啶酸环替换成5元脯氨酰基环;以及在环己基环上可选取代或将环己基环替换成经取代的环戊基环。额外的信息存在于例如美国专利号5,525,610、5,310,903 5,362,718和5,527,907中。已经描述了C-28羟基的选择性差向异构化,参见例如WO 01/14387。适合用作雷帕霉素的替代物的额外的合成二聚化剂包括美国专利公开2012/0130076中描述的那些。
雷帕霉素具有以下结构:
合适的雷帕霉素类包括,例如
同样适合于作为雷帕霉素类的是下式的化合物:
其中n是1或2;R28和R43独立地为H,或者经取代或未经取代的脂肪族基或酰基部分;R7a和R7b之一是,另一个是卤素、RA、ORA、SRA、-OC(O)RA、-OC(O)NRARB、-NRARB、-NRBC(OR)RA、NRBC(O)ORA、-NRBSO2RA或NRBSO2NRARB’;或者R7a和R7b一起是四烯部分中的H:
其中RA是H,或者经取代或未经取代的脂肪族基、杂脂肪族基、芳基或杂芳基部分,并且其中RB和RB’独立地为H、OH,或者经取代或未经取代的脂肪族基、杂脂肪族基、芳基或杂芳基部分。
如上所述,库马霉素可作为二聚化剂。或者,可使用库马霉素类似物。参见例如Farrar等.(1996)Nature 383:178-181和美国专利号6,916,846。
如上所述,在一些情况下,二聚化剂是甲氨蝶呤,例如无细胞毒性的同-双官能甲氨蝶呤二聚体。参见,例如美国专利号8,236,925。
胞内信号结构域
适合用于本公开的CAR的胞内信号结构域包括在响应于CAR的激活(即,被抗原和二聚化剂激活)时提供明显的可检测信号(例如,细胞的一种或多种细胞因子的产生增加;靶基因的转录改变;蛋白质活性改变;细胞行为改变,例如,细胞死亡;细胞增殖;细胞分化;细胞存活;细胞信号响应的调节等)的任何期望的信号结构域。在一些实施方案中,胞内信号结构域包含至少一(例如,1、2、3、4、5、6等)个下文所述ITAM基序。在一些实施方案中,胞内信号结构域包含DAP10/CD28型信号链。在一些实施方案中,胞内信号结构域未与膜结合的CAR共价连接,而是分散在细胞质中。
ITAM
适合用于本公开的CAR的胞内信号结构域包括含有基于免疫受体酪氨酸的激活基序(ITAM)的胞内信号结构域。ITAM基序是YX1X2L/I,其中X1和X2独立地为任何氨基酸(SEQID NO:130)。在一些情况下,本发明CAR的胞内信号结构域含有1、2、3、4或5个ITAM基序。在一些情况下,ITAM基序在胞内信号结构域中重复两次,其中第一ITAM基序实体与第二ITAM基序实体彼此被6至8个氨基酸隔开,例如,(YX1X2L/I)(X3)n(YX1X2L/I),其中n是6至8的整数,并且6至8个X3中的每一个均可以使任何氨基酸(SEQ ID NO:131)。在一些情况下,本发明CAR的胞内信号结构域包含3个ITAM基序。
合适的胞内信号结构域可以是来自含ITAM基序的多肽的含有ITAM基序的部分。例如,合适的胞内信号结构域可以是来自任意含ITAM基序的多肽的含有ITAM基序的结构域。因此,合适的胞内信号结构域不需要包含获得结构域的整个蛋白质的整个序列。合适的含ITAM基序的多肽的实例包括但不限于:DAP12;FCER1G(Fcε受体Iγ链);CD3D(CD3δ);CD3E(CD3ε);CD3G(CD3γ);CD3Z(CD3ζ);和CD79A(抗原受体复合物相关蛋白α链)。
在一些情况下,细胞内限号结构域来自DAP12(也称为TYROBP;TYRO蛋白酪氨酸激酶结合蛋白;KARAP;PLOSL;DNAX-激活蛋白12;KAR-相关蛋白;TYRO蛋白酪氨酸激酶结合蛋白;杀伤细胞激活受体相关蛋白;杀伤激活受体相关蛋白等)。例如,合适的胞内信号结构域多肽可包含与以下氨基酸序列(4种亚型)中的任意一种具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:
其中ITAM基序是粗体并且具有下划线。
同样地,合适的胞内信号结构域多肽可包含全长DAP12氨基酸序列的含有ITAM基序的部分。因此,合适的胞内信号结构域多肽可包含与以下氨基酸序列具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:
其中ITAM基序是粗体并且具有下划线。
在一些情况下,细胞内限号结构域来自FCER1G(也称为FCRG;Fcε受体Iγ链;Fc受体γ链;fc-εRI-γ;fcRγ;fceRIγ;高亲和力免疫球蛋白ε受体γ亚基;免疫球蛋白E受体高亲和力γ链等)。例如,合适的胞内信号结构域多肽可包含与以下氨基酸序列具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:
其中ITAM基序是粗体并且具有下划线。
同样地,合适的胞内信号结构域多肽可包含全长FCER1G氨基酸序列的含有ITAM基序的部分。因此,合适的胞内信号结构域多肽可包含与以下氨基酸序列具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:
其中ITAM基序是粗体并且具有下划线。
在一些情况下,细胞内限号结构域来自T细胞表面糖蛋白CD3δ链(也称为CD3D;CD3-δ;T3D;CD3抗原δ亚基;CD3δ;CD3d抗原δ多肽(TiT3复合物);OKT3,δ链;T细胞受体T3δ链;T细胞表面糖蛋白CD3δ链等)。例如,合适的胞内信号结构域多肽可包含与以下氨基酸序列(2种亚型)中的任意一个的约100个氨基酸至约110个氨基酸(aa)、约110aa至约115aa、约115aa至约120aa、约120aa至约130aa、约130aa至约140aa、约140aa至约150aa、或约150aa至约170aa的连续延伸具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:
或
其中ITAM基序是粗体并且具有下划线。
同样地,合适的胞内信号结构域多肽可包含全长CD3δ氨基酸序列的含有ITAM基序的部分。因此,合适的胞内信号结构域多肽可包含与以下氨基酸序列具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:
其中ITAM基序是粗体并且具有下划线。
在一些情况下,细胞内限号结构域来自T细胞表面糖蛋白CD3ε链(也称为CD3e、T细胞表面抗原T3/Leu-4ε链、T细胞表面糖蛋白CD3ε链、AI504783、CD3、CD3ε、T3e等)。例如,合适的胞内信号结构域多肽可包含与以下氨基酸序列的约100个氨基酸至约110个氨基酸(aa)、约110aa至约115aa、约115aa至约120aa、约120aa至约130aa、约130aa至约140aa、约140aa至约150aa、或约150aa至约205aa的连续延伸具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:
其中ITAM基序是粗体并且具有下划线。
同样地,合适的胞内信号结构域多肽可包含全长CD3ε氨基酸序列的含有ITAM基序的部分。因此,合适的胞内信号结构域多肽可包含与以下氨基酸序列具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:
其中ITAM基序是粗体并且具有下划线。
在一些情况下,细胞内限号结构域来自T细胞表面糖蛋白CD3γ链(也称为CD3G、T细胞受体T3γ链、CD3-γ、T3G,γ多肽(TiT3复合物)等)。例如,合适的胞内信号结构域多肽可包含与以下氨基酸序列的约100个氨基酸至约110个氨基酸(aa)、约110aa至约115aa、约115aa至约120aa、约120aa至约130aa、约130aa至约140aa、约140aa至约150aa、或约150aa至约180aa的连续延伸具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:
其中ITAM基序是粗体并且具有下划线。
同样地,合适的胞内信号结构域多肽可包含全长CD3γ氨基酸序列的含有ITAM基序的部分。因此,合适的胞内信号结构域多肽可包含与以下氨基酸序列具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:
其中ITAM基序是粗体并且具有下划线。
在一些情况下,细胞内限号结构域来自T细胞表面糖蛋白CD3δ链(也称为CD3Z、T细胞受体T3δ链、CD247、CD3-δ、CD3H、CD3Q、T3Z、TCRZ等)。例如,合适的胞内信号结构域多肽可包含与以下氨基酸序列(两种亚型)中的任意一个的约100个氨基酸至约110个氨基酸(aa)、约110aa至约115aa、约115aa至约120aa、约120aa至约130aa、约130aa至约140aa、约140aa至约150aa、或约150aa至约160aa的连续延伸具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:
或
其中ITAM基序是粗体并且具有下划线。
同样地,合适的胞内信号结构域多肽可包含全长CD3δ氨基酸序列的含有ITAM基序的部分。因此,合适的胞内信号结构域多肽可包含与以下氨基酸序列具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:
或
其中ITAM基序是粗体并且具有下划线。
在一些情况下,细胞内限号结构域来自CD79A(也称为B细胞抗原受体复合物相关蛋白α;CD79a抗原(免疫球蛋白相关α);MB-1膜糖蛋白;ig-α;膜结合免疫球蛋白相关蛋白;表面IgM相关蛋白等)。例如,合适的胞内信号结构域多肽可包含与以下氨基酸序列(2种亚型)中的任意一个的约100个氨基酸至约110个氨基酸(aa)、约110aa至约115aa、约115aa至约120aa、约120aa至约130aa、约130aa至约150aa、约150aa至约200aa、或约200aa至约220aa连续延伸具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:
或
其中ITAM基序是粗体并且具有下划线。
同样地,合适的胞内信号结构域多肽可包含全长CD79A氨基酸序列的含有ITAM基序的部分。因此,合适的胞内信号结构域多肽可包含与以下氨基酸序列具有至少约75%、至少约80%、至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:其中ITAM基序是粗体并且具有下划线。
DAP10/CD28
适合用于本公开的CAR的胞内信号结构域包括DAP10/CD28型信号链。
DAP10信号链的实例是如下的氨基酸序列:在一些实施方案中,合适的胞内信号结构域包含与氨基酸序列的整个长度具有至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或至少约99%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列。
CD28信号链的实例是如下的氨基酸序列: 在一些实施方案中,合适的胞内信号结构域包含与氨基酸序列
的整个长度具有至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或至少约99%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列。
ZAP70
适合用于本公开的CAR的胞内信号结构域包括ZAP70多肽,例如包含与以下氨基酸序列的约300个氨基酸至约400个氨基酸、约400个氨基酸至约500个氨基酸、或约500个氨基酸至619氨基酸的连续延伸的具有至少约85%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约98%或100%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列:
额外序列
本发明CAR的第一多肽和/或第二多肽还可包含一个或更多个额外的多肽结构域,其中这样的结构域包括但不限于信号序列、表位标记、亲和结构域和产生可检测信号的多肽。
信号序列
适合用于本发明CAR(例如,本发明CAR的第一多肽)的信号序列包括任何真核信号序列,包括天然存在的信号序列、合成(例如人造)信号序列等。
表位标记
合适的表位标记包括但不限于血凝素(HA,例如YPYDVPDYA(SEQ ID NO:122)、FLAG(例如,DYKDDDDK(SEQ ID NO:123);c-myc(例如,EQKLISEEDL;SEQ ID NO:4)等。
亲和结构域
亲和结构域包含可与结合伴侣(例如,固定在固体表面上的结合伴侣)接触用于识别或纯化的肽序列。编码多个连续单氨基酸(例如,组氨酸)的DNA序列在与表达的蛋白质融合时,可用于通过与树脂柱(例如,镍琼脂糖)高亲和力结合来一步纯化重组蛋白。示例性的亲和结构域包括His5(HHHHH)(SEQ ID NO:124)、HisX6(HHHHHH)(SEQ ID NO:125)、C-myc(EQKLISEEDL)(SEQ ID NO:4)、Flag(DYKDDDDK)(SEQ ID NO:123)、StrepTag(WSHPQFEK)(SEQ ID NO:126)、血凝素如HA Tag(YPYDVPDYA)(SEQ ID NO:122)、GST、硫氧还原蛋白、纤维素结合结构域、RYIRS(SEQ ID NO:127)、Phe-His-His-Thr(SEQ ID NO:128)、几丁质结合结构域、S-肽、T7肽、SH2结构域、C-末端RNA标签、WEAAAREACCRECCARA(SEQ ID NO:129)、金属结合结构域,例如锌结合结构域或钙结合结构域,例如来自钙结合蛋白(例如钙调蛋白、肌钙蛋白C、钙调磷酸酶B、肌球蛋白轻链、恢复蛋白、S-调控蛋白、视锥蛋白、VILIP、神经钙蛋白、海马钙结合蛋白、聚集蛋白、钙牵蛋白、钙蛋白酶大亚基、S100蛋白、小清蛋白、钙结合蛋白D9K、钙结合蛋白D28K和钙网膜蛋白)的那些,内含肽、生物素、链霉亲和素、MyoD、Id、亮氨酸拉链序列和麦芽糖结合蛋白。
可检测信号产生多肽
合适的可检测信号产生蛋白包括例如荧光蛋白、催化产生可检测信号作为产物的的反应的酶等。
合适的荧光蛋白包括但不限于:绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)及其变体、GFP的蓝色荧光蛋白(BFP)及其变体、GFP的青色荧光变体(CFP)、GFP的黄色荧光变体(CFP)、增强的GFP(EGFP)、增强的CFP(ECFP)、增强的YFP(EYFP)、GFPS65T、Emerald、Topaz(TYFP)、Venus、Citrine、mCitrine、GFPuv、稳定化的EGFP(dEGFP)、稳定化的ECFP(dECFP)、稳定化的EYFP(dEYFP)、mCFPm、Cerulean、T-Sapphire、CyPet、YPet、mKO、HcRed、t-HcRed、DsRed、DsRed2、DsRed-单体、J-Red、dimer2、t-dimer2(12)、mRFP1、pocilloporin、Renilla GFP、MonsterGFP、paGFP、Kaede蛋白和kindling蛋白、藻胆蛋白和藻胆蛋白缀合物,包括B-藻红蛋白、R-藻红蛋白和别藻蓝蛋白。荧光蛋白的另一些实例包括mHoneydew、mBanana、mOrange、dTomato、tdTomato、mTangerine、mStrawberry、mCherry、mGrape1、mRaspberry、mGrape2、mPlum(Shaner等.(2005)Nat.Methods2:905-909)等。描述在例如Matz等.(1999)NatureBiotechnol.17:969-973中的任何荧光蛋白和有色蛋白也适合使用。
合适的酶包括但不限于辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)、碱性磷酸酶(AP)、β-半乳糖苷酶(GAL)、葡萄糖-6磷酸脱氢酶、β-N-乙酰葡萄糖胺糖苷酶、β-葡萄糖醛酸糖苷酶、蔗糖酶、黄嘌呤氧化酶、萤火虫荧光素酶、葡萄糖氧化酶(GO)等。
序列重组
在某些情况下,通过使用位点特异性重组技术,可使细胞中CAR的多肽的序列(例如,CAR结构域)重排或缺失。在某些实施方案中,通过位点特异性重组,细胞对于特定CAR的激活相关响应可改变,例如,引起第一激活相关响应的CAR的第一胞内信号结构域可与引起第二激活相关响应的第二胞内信号结构域交换。在某些情况下,通过位点特异性重组,CAR对于特定二聚剂的响应可改变,例如,在第一二聚化剂的存在下引起CAR二聚化的第一二聚化剂结合对可与在第二二聚化剂的存在下引起CAR二聚化的第二二聚化剂结合对交换。对于本领域技术人员来说清楚的是位点特异性重组可在细胞中用于将CAR的任何结构域或序列与本文公开的任何其他结构域或序列交换。另外,对于本领域技术人员来说清楚的是位点特异性重组可在细胞中用于使CAR的任何结构域或序列缺失。参见,例如Tone等.在(2013)Biotechnology and Bioengineering,3219-3226中描述的domain switching insignalobodies,其公开内容通过引用并入本文。用于体内进行位点特异性重组的机制和需求是本领域中公知的,参见例如Grindley等.(2006)Annual Review of Biochemistry,567-605和Tropp(2012)Molecular Biology(Jones&Bartlett Publishers,Sudbury,MA),其公开内容通过引用并入本文。
核酸
本公开提供了包含编码本公开的异二聚体条件性有活性CAR的第一多肽和/或第二多肽的核苷酸序列的核酸。在一些实施方案中,包含编码本公开的异二聚体条件性有活性CAR的第一多肽和/或第二多肽的核苷酸序列的核酸是DNA,包括例如重组表达载体。在一些实施方案中,包含编码本公开的异二聚体条件性有活性CAR的第一多肽和/或第二多肽的核苷酸序列的核酸是RNA,例如,体外合成的RNA。
在一些情况下,本公开的核酸包含仅编码本公开的异二聚体条件性有活性CAR的第一多肽(不编码第二多肽)的核苷酸序列。在一些情况下,本公开的核酸包含仅编码本公开的异二聚体条件性有活性CAR的第二多肽(不编码第一多肽)的核苷酸序列。在一些情况下,本公开的核酸包含编码本公开的异二聚体条件性有活性CAR的第一多肽和第二多肽二者的核苷酸序列。
在一些情况下,本发明核酸提供了在例如哺乳动物骨细胞中产生本公开的CAR。在另一些情况下,本发明提供了CAR编码核酸的扩增。
编码本公开的CAR的第一多肽和/或第二多肽的核苷酸序列可与转录控制元件(例如,启动子和增强子等)可操作地连接。
合适的启动子和增强子元件是本领域中已知的。对于在细菌细胞中表达,合适的启动子包括但不限于lacI、lacZ、T3、T7、gpt、λP、trc。对于在真核细胞中表达,合适的启动子包括但不限于轻和/或重链免疫球蛋白基因启动子和增强子元件;巨细胞病毒立即早期启动子;单纯疱疹病毒腺苷激酶启动子;早期和晚期SV40启动子;来自逆转录病毒的长末端重复中存在的启动子;以及各种本领域已知的组织特异性启动子。
合适的可逆启动子包括本领域中已知的可逆可诱导启动子。这样的可逆启动子可分离或来源于任何有机体,例如真核生物和原核生物。对来源于第一有机体的可逆启动子进行修饰以用于第二有机体(例如,第一原核生物和第二真核生物,第一真核生物和第二原核生物等)是本领域中周知的。合适的可逆启动子以及基于这种可逆启动子但是还包含额外控制蛋白的系统包括蛋不限于醇调剂启动子(例如,醇脱氢酶I(alcA)基因启动子,响应于醇反式激活蛋白(AlcR)的启动子)四环素调节启动子(例如,包含Tet活化剂、TetON、TetOFF等的启动子系统)、类固醇调节启动子(例如,大鼠糖皮质激素受体启动子系统、人雌激素受体启动子系统、类维生素A启动子系统、甲状腺启动子系统、脱皮激素启动子系统、米非司酮启动子系统等)、金属调节启动子(例如,金属硫蛋白启动子系统等)、发病机理相关调节启动子(例如,水杨酸调节启动子、乙烯调节启动子、苯并噻二唑调节启动子等)、温度调节启动子(例如,热休克诱导型启动子(例如,HSP-70、HSP-90、大豆热休克启动子等)、光调节启动子、合成诱导型启动子等。
在一些情况下,通过诱导系统的诱导,含有合适的启动子的基因座或构建体或转基因不可逆地开关。用于诱导不可逆开关的合适的系统是本领域中已知的,例如,可使用Cre-lox介导的重组(参见,例如Fuhrmann-Benzakein等,PNAS(2000)28:e99,其公开内容通过引用并入本文)进行不可逆开关。本领域中已知的重组酶、内切酶、连接酶、重组位点等的任何合适的组合均可用于产生可不可逆地开关的启动子(irreversibly switchedpromoter)。用于进行本文别处描述的位点特异性重组的方法、机制和需求可用于产生可不可逆地开关的启动子,并且是本领域中周知的,参见例如Grindley等.(2006)AnnualReview of Biochemistry,567-605和Tropp(2012)Molecular Biology(Jones&BartlettPublishers,Sudbury,MA),其公开内容通过引用并入本文。
在一些情况下,启动子是CD8细胞特异性启动子、CD4细胞特异性启动子、中性粒细胞特异性启动子或NK特异性启动子。例如,可使用CD4基因启动子,参见,例如Salmon等.(1993)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 90:7739;和Marodon等.(2003)Blood 101:3416。又例如,可使用CD8基因启动子。通过使用Ncr1(p46)启动子,可实现NK细胞特异性表达,参见例如Eckelhart等.(2011)Blood 117:1565。
在一些实施方案中,例如,对于酵母细胞中的表达,合适的启动子是组成型启动子,例如ADH1启动子、PGK1启动子、ENO启动子、PYK1启动子等,或可调节启动子,例如GAL1启动子、GAL10启动子、ADH2启动子、PHO5启动子、CUP1启动子、GAL7启动子、MET25启动子、MET3启动子、CYC1启动子、HIS3启动子、ADH1启动子、PGK启动子、GAPDH启动子、ADC1启动子、TRP1启动子、URA3启动子、LEU2启动子、ENO启动子、TP1启动子和AOX1(例如,用于毕赤酵母属)。合适的载体和启动子的选择在本领域技术人员的水平之内。
用于原核宿主细胞的合适的启动子包括但不限于:噬菌体T7 RNA聚合酶启动子;lac操纵子启动子;杂合启动子,例如lac/tac杂合启动子、tac/trc杂合启动子、trp/lac启动子、T7/lac启动子;trc启动子;tac启动子等;araBAD启动子;体内调节启动子,例如ssaG启动子或相关启动子(例如,参见美国专利公开号20040131637)、pagC启动子(Pulkkinen和Miller,J.Bacteriol.,1991:173(1):86-93;Alpuche-Aranda等,PNAS,1992;89(21):10079-83)、nirB启动子(Harborne等.(1992)Mol.Micro.6:2805-2813)等(参见,例如Dunstan等.(1999)Infect.Immun.67:5133-5141;McKelvie等.(2004)Vaccine 22:3243-3255;以及Chatfield等(1992)Biotechnol.10:888-892);σ70启动子,例如一致的σ70启动子(参见,例如基因库登录号AX798980、AX798961和AX798183);稳定期启动子,例如dps启动子、spv启动子等;来源于毒力岛SPI-2的启动子(参见,例如WO96/17951);actA启动子(参见,例如Shetron-Rama等.(2002)Infect.Immun.70:1087-1096);rpsM启动子(参见,例如ValdiviA和Falkow(1996).Mol.Microbiol.22:367);tet启动子(参见,例如Hillen,W.和Wissmann,A.(1989)In Saenger,W.and Heinemann,U.(编辑),Topics in Molecular andStructural Biology,Protein–Nucleic Acid Interaction.Macmillan,London,UK,第10卷,第143–162页);SP6启动子(参见,例如Melton等.(1984)Nucl.AcidsRes.12:7035)等。用于原核生物如大肠杆菌的强启动子包括蛋白限于Trc、Tac、T5、T7和Pλ。用于细菌宿主细胞的操纵子的非限制性实例包括乳糖启动子操纵子(当与乳糖接触时,LacI阻遏蛋白构象改变,从而阻止LacI阻遏蛋白与操纵子结合)、色氨酸启动子操纵子(当与色氨酸复合时,TrpR阻遏蛋白具有与操纵子结合的构象;在不存在色氨酸的情况下,TrpR阻遏蛋白具有不与操纵子结合的构象)和tac启动子操纵子(参见,例如deBoer等.(1983)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.80:21-25)。
编码对象CAR的核苷酸序列可存在于表达载体和/或克隆载体中。当对象CAR包含两个独立的多肽时,编码这两个多肽的核苷酸序列可以克隆在同一载体中或独立的载体中。表达载体可包含选择标记、复制起点和提供用于载体的复制和/或保持的其他元件。合适的表达载体包括例如质粒载体、病毒载体等。
大量合适的载体和启动子是本领域技术人员已知的,许多市售用于产生本发明重组构建体。以举例的方式提供了以下载体。细菌:pBs、phagescript、PsiX174、pBluescriptSK、pBs KS、pNH8a、pNH16a、pNH18a、pNH46a(Stratagene,La Jolla,Calif.,USA);pTrc99A、pKK223-3、pKK233-3、pDR540和pRIT5(Pharmacia,Uppsala,Sweden)。真核生物:pWLneo、pSV2cat、pOG44、PXR1、pSG(Stratagene)pSVK3、pBPV、pMSG和pSVL(Pharmacia)。
表达载体通常具有在启动子附件的方便的限制位点,以提供编码编码外源蛋白的核酸序列的插入。可存在在表达宿主中有效地选择标记。合适的表达载体包括但不限于病毒载体(例如,基于以下病毒的病毒载体:痘苗病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒、腺病毒(参见,例如Li等.,Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci 35:2543 2549,1994;Borras等,Gene Ther 6:515 524,1999;Li和Davidson,PNAS 92:7700 7704,1995;Sakamoto等,H Gene Ther 5:1088 1097,1999;WO 94/12649,WO 93/03769;WO 93/19191;WO 94/28938;WO 95/11984和WO 95/00655);腺相关病毒(参见,例如Ali等,Hum Gene Ther 9:81 86,1998,Flannery等,PNAS94:6916 6921,1997;Bennett等,Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci 38:2857 2863,1997;Jomary等,Gene Ther 4:683690,1997,Rolling等,Hum Gene Ther 10:641 648,1999;Ali等,HumMol Genet 5:591 594,1996;Srivastava in WO 93/09239,Samulski等,J.Vir.(1989)63:3822-3828;Mendelson等,Virol.(1988)166:154-165;以及Flotte等,PNAS(1993)90:10613-10617);SV40;单纯疱疹病毒;人类免疫缺陷病毒(参见,例如Miyoshi等,PNAS 94:10319 23,1997;Takahashi等,J Virol 73:7812 7816,1999);逆转录病毒载体(例如,鼠白血病病毒、脾坏死病毒,以及来源于你逆转录病毒如劳斯肉瘤病毒、哈维肉瘤病毒、鸟类白血病病毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒、骨髓增殖肉瘤病毒和乳房肿瘤病毒)等。
如上所述,在一些实施方案中,包含编码本公开的异二聚体条件性有活性CAR的第一多肽和/或第二多肽的核苷酸序列的核酸在一些实施方案中是RNA,例如,体外合成的RNA。用于体外合成RNA的方法是本领域中已知的,任何方法均可用于合成包含编码本公开的异二聚体条件性有活性CAR的第一多肽和/或第二多肽的核苷酸序列的RNA。用于将RNA引入到宿主细胞中的方法是本领域中周知的。参见,例如,Zhao等(2010)Cancer Res.15:9053。可在体外会或离体或体内将包含本公开的异二聚体条件性有活性CAR的第一多肽和/或第二多肽的核苷酸序列的RNA引入到宿主细胞中。例如,可在体外或离体用包含编码本公开的异二聚体条件性有活性CAR的第一多肽和/或第二多肽的核苷酸序列的RNA对宿主细胞(例如,NK细胞、细胞毒性T淋巴细胞等)进行电穿孔。
细胞
本公开提供了被遗传修饰以产生本公开的异二聚体条件性有活性CAR的哺乳动物细胞。
合适的哺乳动物细胞包括原代细胞和无限增殖化细胞系。合适的哺乳动物细胞系包括人细胞系、非人灵长类动物骨细胞系、啮齿类动物(例如,小鼠、大鼠)细胞系等。合适的哺乳动物细胞系包括但不限于HeLa细胞(例如,美国典型培养物保藏中心(ATCC)号CCL-2)、CHO细胞(例如,ATCC号CRL9618、CCL61、CRL9096)、293细胞(例如,ATCC号CRL-1573)、Vero细胞、NIH 3T3细胞(例如,ATCC号CRL-1658)、Huh-7细胞、BHK细胞(例如,ATCC号CCL10)、PC12细胞(ATCC号CRL1721)、COS细胞、COS-7细胞(ATCC号CRL1651)、RAT1细胞、小鼠L细胞(ATCC号CCLI.3)、人胚肾(HEK)细胞(ATCC号CRL1573)、HLHepG2细胞、Hut-78、Jurkat、HL-60、NK细胞系(例如,NKL、NK92和YTS)等。
在一些情况下,细胞不是无限增殖化细胞系,而是由个体获得的细胞(例如原代细胞)。例如,在一些情况下,细胞是由个体获得的免疫细胞。例如,细胞是由个体获得的T淋巴细胞。又例如,细胞是由个体获得的细胞毒性细胞。又例如,细胞是由个体获得的干细胞或祖细胞。
激活免疫细胞的方法
本公开提供了激活体外、体内或离体的免疫细胞的方法。该方法通常包括使免疫细胞(体外、体内或离体)与二聚化剂和抗原接触,其中免疫细胞通常被遗传修饰以产生本公开的异二聚体条件性有活性CAR。在二聚化剂和抗原的存在下,异二聚体条件性有活性CAR二聚化并且激活免疫细胞,从而产生激活的免疫细胞。免疫细胞包括例如细胞毒性T淋巴细胞、NK细胞、CD4+ T细胞、T调节(Treg)细胞等。
经遗传修饰的免疫细胞(例如,T淋巴细胞、NK细胞)与二聚化剂和特异性结合对的第二成员(例如,抗原、配体、受体)的接触可使免疫细胞的细胞因子产量与不存在特异性结合对的第二成员和/或二聚化剂的情况下免疫细胞产生的细胞因子的量相比增加至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约40%、至少约50%、至少约75%、至少约2倍、至少约2.5倍、至少约5倍、至少约10倍或超过10倍。产量增加的细胞因子包括但不限于IL-2和IFN-γ。
经遗传修饰的免疫细胞(例如,T淋巴细胞、NK细胞)与二聚化剂和抗原的接触可使免疫细胞的细胞因子产量与不存在抗原和/或二聚化剂的情况下免疫细胞产生的细胞因子的量相比增加至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约40%、至少约50%、至少约75%、至少约2倍、至少约2.5倍、至少约5倍、至少约10倍或超过10倍。产量增加的细胞因子包括但不限于IL-2和IFN-γ。
经遗传修饰的细胞毒性细胞(例如,细胞毒性T细胞)与二聚化剂和特异性结合对的第二成员(例如,抗原、配体、受体)的接触可使细胞毒性细胞的细胞毒活性与不存在二聚化剂的情况下细胞毒性细胞的细胞毒活性相比增加至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约40%、至少约50%、至少约75%、至少约2倍、至少约2.5倍、至少约5倍、至少约10倍或超过10倍。
经遗传修饰的细胞毒性细胞(例如,细胞毒性T细胞)与二聚化剂和抗原的接触可使细胞毒性细胞的细胞毒活性与不存在二聚化剂的情况下细胞毒性细胞的细胞毒活性相比增加至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约40%、至少约50%、至少约75%、至少约2倍、至少约2.5倍、至少约5倍、至少约10倍或超过10倍。
在一些实施方案中,例如,根据宿主免疫细胞,经遗传修饰的宿主细胞与二聚化剂和抗原的接触可提高或降低细胞增殖、细胞存活、细胞死亡等。
产生可条件性激活的细胞的方法
本发明提供了产生可条件性激活的细胞的方法。该方法通常包括用包含编码本公开的异二聚体条件性有活性CAR的核苷酸序列的表达载体或RNA(例如,体外转录的RNA)对哺乳动物细胞进行遗传修饰。遗传修饰细胞在a)与CAR的第一多肽结合的抗原和b)二聚化剂的存在下可条件性激活。遗传修饰可以在体内、体外或离体急性。细胞可以是免疫细胞(例如,T淋巴细胞或NK细胞)、干细胞、祖细胞等。
在一些情况下,离体进行遗传修饰。例如,由个体获得T淋巴细胞、干细胞或NK细胞,对由个体获得的细胞进行遗传修饰以表达本公开的CAR。遗传修饰细胞在a)与CAR的第一多肽结合的抗原和b)二聚化剂的存在下可条件性激活。在一些情况下,离体激活经遗传修饰的细胞。在另一些情况下,将经遗传修饰的细胞引入到个体(例如,获得细胞的个体);以及在体内激活遗传修饰细胞,例如,通过向个体施用二聚化剂实现,例如,当抗原存在于个体的细胞表面上时,不需要施用抗原。经遗传修饰的细胞与存在于个体的细胞表面上的抗原接触;以及在向个体施用二聚化剂后,激活经遗传修饰的细胞。例如,当经遗传修饰的细胞是T淋巴细胞时,经遗传修饰的细胞可对表面上存在与CAR结合的抗原的细胞表现出细胞毒性。
治疗方法
本公开提供了施用本发明CAR的多种治疗方法。
细胞毒性方法
本公开的CAR当存在于T淋巴细胞或NK细胞中时,可介导对靶细胞的细胞毒性。本公开的CAR与靶细胞上存在的抗原结合,从而介导经遗传修饰以产生CAR的T淋巴细胞或NK细胞对靶细胞的杀伤。CAR的抗原结合结构域与靶细胞表面上存在的抗原结合。
靶细胞包括但不限于癌细胞。因此,本公开提供了杀伤靶细胞或抑制靶细胞的生长的方法,该方法包括接触经遗传修饰以产生本发明CAR的细胞毒性免疫效应细胞(例如,细胞毒性T细胞、NK细胞),从而使T淋巴细胞或NK细胞识别存在于靶细胞表面上的抗原,并且介导对靶细胞的杀伤。
本公开提供了治疗患有癌症的个体的方法,该方法包括:i)用包含编码本公开的异二聚体条件性有活性CAR的核苷酸序列的表达载体对获自个体的T淋巴细胞进行免疫修饰,其中异二聚体条件性有活性CAR的抗原结合结构域对个体癌细胞上的表位具有特异性,并且其中遗传修饰离体进行;ii)将经遗传修饰的T淋巴细胞引入到个体中;以及iii)向个体施用有效量的二聚化剂,其中二聚化剂诱导异二聚体条件性有活性CAR的二聚化,其中所述二聚化提供经遗传修饰的T细胞的激活以及对癌细胞的杀伤,从而治疗癌症。
可通过本文公开的方法治疗的癌包括但不限于食管癌、肝细胞癌、基底细胞癌(皮肤癌的一种形式)、鳞状细胞癌(各种组织)、膀胱癌(包括移行细胞癌(膀胱的恶性新生物))、支气管癌结肠癌、结直肠癌、胃癌、肺癌(包括小细胞肺癌和非小细胞肺癌)、肾上腺皮质癌、甲状腺癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、腺癌、汗腺癌、皮脂腺癌、乳头状癌、囊腺癌、髓样癌、肾细胞癌、原位管癌或胆道癌、绒毛膜癌、精原细胞癌、胚胎癌、Wilm氏瘤、宫颈癌、子宫癌、睾丸癌、成骨癌(osteogenic carcinoma)、上皮癌和鼻咽癌。
可通过本文公开的方法治疗的肉瘤包括但不限于纤维肉瘤、粘液肉瘤、脂肪肉瘤、软骨肉瘤、脊索瘤、成骨肉瘤、骨肉瘤、血管肉瘤、内皮肉瘤、淋巴管肉瘤、淋巴管内皮肉瘤、滑膜瘤、间皮瘤、尤文氏肉瘤、平滑肌肉瘤、横纹肌肉瘤和其他软组织肉瘤。
其他可通过本文公开的方法治疗的实体瘤包括但不限于神经胶质瘤、星形细胞瘤、成神经管细胞瘤、颅咽管瘤、室管膜瘤、松果体瘤、成血管细胞瘤、听神经瘤、少突胶质细胞瘤、脑膜瘤、黑色素瘤、神经母细胞瘤和视网膜母细胞瘤。
可通过本文公开的方法治疗的白血病包括但不限于:a)慢性骨髓增生综合征(多潜能造血干细胞的肿瘤性疾病);b)急性骨性白血病(多潜能造血干细胞或限制性谱系潜能的造血细胞的肿瘤性转化);c)慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL;免疫不成熟继和功能不全的小淋巴细胞的克隆增殖),包括B细胞CLL、T细胞CLL前淋巴细胞性白血病和毛细胞白血病;以及d)急性淋巴性白血病(以原淋巴细胞积累为特征)。可使用本发明方法治疗的淋巴瘤包括但不限于B细胞淋巴瘤(例如,伯基特氏淋巴瘤)、霍奇金氏淋巴瘤和非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤等。
其他可根据本文公开的方法治疗的癌症包括非典型性脑膜瘤(脑)、胰岛细胞癌(胰脏)、髓样癌(甲状腺)、间叶瘤(肠)、肝细胞癌(肝)、肝胚细胞癌(肝)、透明细胞癌(肾)和神经纤维瘤纵膈。
免疫调节方法
本发明方法还可用于治疗炎性病症和自身免疫病。使本发明CAR在T辅助细胞或Tregs中表达以用于免疫调节方法。免疫调节方法包括例如增强哺乳动物对象中对病原体的免疫应答;增强免疫功能低下对象中的免疫应答;降低炎性反应;境地哺乳动物对象中对自身抗原的免疫应答,例如以治疗自身免疫病;以及降低经受移植器官或组织的对象中的免疫应答,以减少器官或组织排斥。
当方法涉及降低对自身抗原的免疫应答时,用于激活CAR的抗原是自身抗原。当方法涉及降低对移植的器官或组织的免疫应答时,用于激活CAR的抗原是移植器官特异性抗原。
剂型、剂量和施用途径
如上文讨论的,本公开的治疗方法包括向有此需要的个体施用有有效量的二聚化剂,并且还可以包括施用抗原。
在一些情况下,二聚化剂的“有效量”是指以下量:与不存在二聚化剂的情况下T淋巴细胞的细胞毒活性相比,当以一个或多个剂量向有此需要的个体施用时使表达本发明CAR的T淋巴细胞的细胞毒活性水平提高至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约40%、至少约50%、至少约75%、至少约2倍、至少约2.5倍、至少约5倍、至少约10倍或超过10倍。
在一些情况下,二聚化剂的“有效量”是指以下量:与不存在二聚化剂的情况下NK细胞的细胞毒活性相比,当以一个或多个剂量向有此需要的个体施用时使表达本发明CAR的NK细胞的细胞毒活性水平提高至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约40%、至少约50%、至少约75%、至少约2倍、至少约2.5倍、至少约5倍、至少约10倍或超过10倍。
在一些情况下,二聚化剂的“有效量”是指以下量:与不存在二聚化剂的情况下的癌细胞数和/或肿瘤质量相比,当以一个或多个剂量向有此需要的个体施用时使个体中的癌细胞数和/或个体中的肿瘤治疗降低至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约40%、至少约50%、至少约75%或超过75%。
在一些情况下,二聚化剂的有效量是以下量:与不存在二聚化剂的情况下的肿瘤生长速率、癌细胞数或肿瘤质量相比,当以一个或多个剂量单独施用(例如,在单药物治疗中)或与一种或多种额外治疗剂组合施用(例如,在联合治疗中)时,有效地使肿瘤生长速率、癌细胞数和肿瘤质量中的一种或多种降低至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约40%、至少约50%、至少约60%、至少约70%、至少约80%、至少约90%或更多。
制剂
在本发明方法中,可使用任何能够导致期望的治疗效果或诊断效果的常规方法向宿主施用二聚化剂。因此,可将二聚化剂并入到多种用于治疗性施用的剂型中。更特别地,可将二聚化剂通过与合适的药学可接受载剂或稀释剂组合来配置成药物组合物,并且可配置成固体、半固体、液体或气体形式,例如片剂、胶囊剂、散剂、颗粒剂、软膏剂、溶液剂、栓剂、注射剂、吸入剂和气雾剂。.
在药物剂型中,可以其药学可接受盐的形式施用二聚化剂,或其可以单独施用或与其他药学活性化学适当缔合或组合。以下方法和赋形剂仅是示例性的,而决不是限制。
合适的赋形剂载剂是例如水、盐、葡萄糖、甘油、乙醇等及其组合。此外,若需要,载剂可以包含少量辅助物质,例如润湿剂或乳化剂或pH缓冲胶。制备这样的剂型的实际方法是本领域技术人员已知的或可以理解的。参见例如,Remington's PharmaceuticalSciences,Mack Publishing Company,Easton,Pennsylvania,第17版,1985。在任何情况下,待施用的组合物或剂型可包含适合于在被治疗对象中取得期望状态的量的二聚化剂。
药学可接受赋形剂如载剂、佐剂、载体或稀释剂对于公众是现成的。另外,药学可接受辅助物质如pH调节剂和缓冲剂、张力调节剂、稳定剂、润湿剂等对于公众是现成的。
对于口服制剂,二聚化剂可单独使用或与合适的添加剂组合一制备片剂、散剂、颗粒剂或胶囊剂,例如,与常规添加剂,例如乳糖、甘露醇、玉米淀粉或马铃薯淀粉;与粘合剂,例如结晶纤维素、纤维素衍生物、阿拉伯胶、玉米淀粉或明胶;与崩解剂,例如玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉或羧甲基纤维素钠;与润滑剂,例如滑石或硬脂酸镁;以及如需要,与稀释剂、缓冲剂、润湿剂、防腐剂和芳香剂。
可通过将二聚化剂溶解、混悬或乳化在溶剂中来将其制备成注射用制剂,该溶剂例如植物油及其他类似油、合成脂肪酸甘油酯、高级脂肪酸或丙二醇的酯;以及如需要,具有常规添加剂,例如增溶剂、等渗剂、助悬剂、乳化剂、稳定剂和防腐剂。
通过将具有期望纯度的二聚化剂与任选的药学可接受载体、赋形剂、稳定剂、表面活性剂、缓冲剂和/或张度剂混合来制备含有二聚化剂的药物组合物。可接受载体、赋形剂和/或稳定剂在使用剂量和浓度下对接受者无毒,并且包括:缓冲剂,例如磷酸盐、柠檬酸盐和其他有机酸;抗氧化剂,包括抗坏血酸、谷胱甘肽、半胱氨酸、甲硫氨酸和柠檬酸;防腐剂(例如,乙醇、苯甲醇、苯酚、间甲酚、对氯间甲酚、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯或对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、苯扎氯铵或其组合);氨基酸,例如精氨酸、甘氨酸、鸟氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、丙氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸、甲硫氨酸、丝氨酸、脯氨酸及其组合;单糖、二糖及其他碳水化合物;低分子量(小于约10个残基)多肽;蛋白质,例如明胶或血清白蛋白;螯合剂,例如EDTA;糖,例如海藻糖、蔗糖、乳糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖、麦芽糖、半乳糖、果糖、山梨糖、棉子糖、葡萄糖胺、N-甲基葡萄糖胺、半乳糖按和神经氨酸;和/或非离子表面活性剂,例如Tween、Brij Pluronics、Triton-X或聚乙二醇(PEG)。
药物组合物可以是液体形式、冻干形式或由冻干形式重构的液体形式,其中在施用前将冻干制剂与无菌溶液重构。用于重构冻干组合物的标准程序是将其添加回一定体积的纯水(通常等于冻干过程中移除的体积),但是,含有抗菌剂的溶液也可用于产生用于胃肠外施用的药物组合,另外参见Chen(1992)Drug Dev Ind Pharm 18,1311-54。
本文使用的术语“单位剂量形式“实质适合作为单剂量用于人和动物对象的物理离散单位,每单位包含以足以产生期望效果的量计算的预定量的二聚化剂,以及药学可接受稀释剂、载体或载剂。规定二聚化剂的规格可取决于所使用的特地二聚化剂和待实现的效果,以及宿主中与每一种二聚化剂相关的药效动力性。
在一些实施方案中,二聚化剂被配置成控释制剂。以使用本领域中周知的方法制备控释制剂。控释制剂的合适的实例包括含有二聚化剂的固体疏水聚合物的半渗透基质,其中基质为成型制品的形式,例如膜或微胶囊。控释基质的实例包括聚酯、L谷氨酸和乙基-L谷氨酸的共聚物、不可降解的乙烯醋酸乙烯酯、水凝胶、聚乳酸、可降解乳酸乙醇酸共聚物和聚-D-(-)-3-羟基丁酸。通过使用合适的添加剂,控制含水量和形成特定的聚合物基质组合物,可放置生物活性的可能的损失。
剂量
合适的剂量可由主治医生或其他有资质的医务人员根据多种临床因素来确定。如医学领域中周知的,用于任何一个患者的剂量取决于多种因素,包括患者的体型大小、身体表面积、年龄,待施用的特定二聚化剂、患者的年龄,施用时间和途径、总体健康状况和同时施用的其他药物。可以以下量施用二聚化剂:1ng/kg体重至20mg/kg体重每剂,例如,0.1mg/kg体重至10mg/kg体重,例如0.5mg/kg体重至5mg/kg体重,但是,预期了低于或高于该示例性范围的剂量。如果方案为连续输注,也可以为1μg至10mg/kg体重每分钟。
本领域技术人员容易理解,剂量水平可根据特定二聚化剂、症状的严重程度和对象对副作用的敏感性而变化。本领域技术人员通过多种手段可容易地确定给定化合物的优选剂量。
施用途径
使用任何适合药物递送的可用方法和途径来施用二聚化剂,包括体内和离体方法,以及系统的和局部的施用途径。
常规的药学可接受施用途径包括瘤内、瘤旁、肌内、气管内、颅内、皮下、真皮内、局部施用、静脉内、动脉内、经直肠、鼻、口和其他长的和肠胃外途径施用。如需要,施用途径可以组合,或根据二聚化剂和/或期望效果进行调整。可以单剂量或多剂量施用二聚化剂。在一些实施方案中,口服施用二聚化剂。在一些实施方案中,通过吸入途径施用二聚化剂。在一些实施方案中,鼻内施用二聚化剂。在一些实施方案中,局部施用二聚化剂。在一些实施方案中,瘤内施用二聚化剂。在一些实施方案中,瘤旁施用二聚化剂。在一些实施方案中,颅内施用二聚化剂。在一些实施方案中,静脉内施用二聚化剂。
可使用任何适合递送常规药物的可用的常规方法和途径(包括系统性途径和局部性途径)向宿主施用药剂。一般来说,本发明预期的施用途径包括但未必限于肠、肠胃外或吸入途径。
除了吸入施用外的肠胃外施用途径包括但未必限于:局部、经皮、皮下、肌内、眼眶内、囊内、椎管内、胸骨内、瘤内、瘤旁和静脉内途径,即,除了通过消化道以外的任何施用途径。可进行胃肠外施用以有效地系统性或局部性递送二聚化剂。当期望系统性递送时,施用通常涉及药物制剂的侵入性或系统性吸收的局部或粘膜施用。
还可通过肠施用向对象递送二聚化剂。肠施用途径包括但未必限于口服递送和直肠(例如,施用栓剂)递送。
治疗抑制至少改善影响宿主的病理状态相关的症状,其中改善被广义使用,是指至少减少待治疗病理状态(例如癌症)相关的参数(例如,症状)的量级。这样,治疗还包括以下情况,其中病理状态或至少其相关症状被完全抑制,例如阻止发生或终止(例如,结束),使得宿主不再遭受病理状态或至少以述病例状态为特征的症状。
在一些实施方案中,通过注射和/或递送到例如脑动脉的部位或直接到脑组织中来施用二聚化剂。可以将二聚化剂直接施用到靶部位,例如,通过注射、通过药物递送装置如渗透泵弧缓释颗粒的植入、通过biolistic递送到靶部位等。
联合疗法
在一些实施方案中,施用二聚化剂来作为标准癌症疗法的辅助疗法。标准癌症疗法包括外科手术(例如,手术除去癌组织)、放射疗法、骨髓移植、化学疗法治疗、抗体治疗、生物反应调节剂治疗以及前述疗法的某些组合。
放射疗法包括但不限于由外部应用的来源如光束或小放射源的植入释放的x射线或γ射线。
用于癌症治疗的合适的抗体包括但不限于:裸抗体,例如曲妥单抗(赫赛汀)、贝伐单抗(AvastinTM)、西妥昔单抗(ErbituxTM)、帕尼单抗(VectibixTM)、伊匹单抗(YervoyTM)、利妥昔单抗(Rituxan)、阿伦单抗(LemtradaTM)、奥法木单抗(ArzerraTM)、奥法伏单抗(OvaRexTM)、Lambrolizumab(MK-3475)、帕妥珠单抗(PerjetaTM)、兰尼单抗(LucentisTM)等,以及缀合的抗体,例如帕妥单抗(MylortargTM)、Brentuximab vedotin(AdcetrisTM)、90Y-标记的替依莫单抗(ZevalinTM)、131I-标记的tositumoma(BexxarTM)等。用于治疗癌症的合适的抗体包括但不限于针对肿瘤相关抗原的抗体。这样的抗原包括但不限于:CD20、CD30、CD33、CD52、EpCAM、CEA、gpA33、Mucins、TAG-72、CAIX、PSMA、叶酸结合蛋白、神经节苷脂(例如,GD2、GD3、GM2等、Ley、VEGF、VEGFR、整合素α-V-β-3、整合素α-5-β-1、EGFR、ERBB2、ERBB3、MET、IGF1R、EPHA3、TRAILR1、TRAILR2、RANKL、FAP、腱生蛋白等。
适合结合本公开的方法使用的生物反应调节剂包括但不限于:(1)酪氨酸激酶(RTK)活性抑制剂;(2)丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶活性抑制剂;(3)肿瘤相关抗原拮抗剂,例如与肿瘤抗原特异性结合的抗体;(4)凋亡受体拮抗剂;(5)白介素-2;(6)白介素-α.;(7)白介素-γ;(8)集落刺激因子;(9)血管生成的抑制剂;以及(10)肿瘤坏死因子的拮抗剂。
化学治疗剂是降低癌细胞的增殖的非肽(即,非蛋白质)化合物,包括细胞毒性剂和细胞静止素。化学治疗剂的非限制性实例包括烷化剂、亚硝基脲、抗代谢物、抗肿瘤抗生素、植物(长春花)生物碱和类固醇激素。
用于降低细胞增殖的药剂时本领域中已知并且广泛使用的。这样的药剂包括烷化剂,例如氮芥、亚硝基脲、乙烯亚胺衍生物、烷基磺酸盐和三氮烯,包括但不限于二氯甲基二乙胺、环磷酰胺(CytoxanTM)、美法仑(L-sarcolysin)、卡莫司汀(BCNU)、洛莫司汀(CCNU)、司莫司汀(甲基-CCNU)、链脲霉素、氯脲霉素、尿嘧啶氮芥、氮芥(chlormethine)、异环磷酰胺、苯丁酸氮芥、哌酰溴烷、三乙撑蜜胺、三乙撑硫代磷胺、白消安、达卡巴嗪和替莫咗胺。
抗代谢物包括包括叶酸类似物、嘧啶类似物、嘌呤类似物和腺苷脱氨酶抑制剂,包括但不限于阿糖胞苷(CYTOSAR-U)、胞嘧啶阿糖胞苷、氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)、福尿苷(FudR)、6-硫鸟嘌呤、6-巯基嘌呤(6-MP)、喷司他丁、5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)、甲氨蝶呤、10-炔丙基-5,8-二脱氮叶酸(PDDF、CB3717)、5,8-二四氢叶酸(DDATHF)、甲酰四氢叶酸、氟达拉滨磷酸盐、喷司他丁和吉西他滨。
合适的天然产物及其衍生物(例如,长春花生物碱、抗肿瘤抗生素、酶、淋巴因子和表鬼臼毒素)包括但不限于Ara-C、紫杉醇多西他赛脱氧助间型霉素、丝裂霉-C、左旋门冬酰胺酶、硫唑嘌呤;布喹那;生物碱,例如长春新碱、硫酸长春碱、长春瑞滨、长春地辛等;鬼臼毒素,例如依托泊苷、替尼泊苷等;抗生素,例如蒽环类药物、道诺霉素盐酸盐(道诺霉素、比红霉素、柔红霉素)、伊达比星、多柔比星、表柔比星和吗啉代衍生物等;phenoxizone二环肽,例如更生霉素;碱性糖肽,例如博来霉素;蒽醌苷,例如普卡霉素(光神霉素);蒽二酮,例如米托蒽醌;azirinopyrrolo indolediones,例如丝裂霉素;大环免疫抑制剂,例如,环孢霉素、FK-506(他克莫司prograf)、雷帕霉素等;等。
其他抗增殖细胞毒素剂是navelbene、CPT-11、阿那曲唑、来曲唑、卡培他滨、reloxafine、环磷酰胺、ifosamide和droloxafine。
具有抗增殖活性的微管作用剂也适合使用,并且包括但不限于别秋水仙碱(NSC406042)、软海绵素B(NSC 609395)、秋水仙碱(NSC 757)、秋水仙碱衍生物(例如,NSC33410)、dolstatin 10(NSC 376128)、美登素(NSC 153858)、根霉素(NSC 332598)、紫杉醇衍生物、多西他赛硫代秋水仙碱(NSC 361792)、三苯甲基cysterin、硫酸长春碱、硫酸长春新碱、天然的和合成的埃博霉素,包括但不限于埃博霉素A、埃博霉素B、海绵内酯;雌莫司汀、诺考达唑等。
适合使用的激素调节剂和类固醇(包括合成类似物)把包括但不限于肾上腺皮质类固醇,例如强的松、地塞米松等;雌激素和孕酮,例如己酸羟孕酮、醋酸甲羟孕酮、醋酸甲地孕酮、雌二醇、克罗米芬、三苯氧胺等;以及肾上腺皮质抑制剂,例如氨鲁米特;17α-乙炔雌二醇;二乙基己烯雌、睾酮、氟甲睾酮、丙酸屈他雄酮、睾内酯、甲基强的松龙、甲基-睾酮、强的松龙、去炎松、氯烯雌醚、羟孕酮、氨鲁米特、雌莫司汀、醋酸甲羟孕酮、亮丙瑞林、氟他胺(Drogenil)、托瑞米芬(Fareston)和雌激素刺激增殖和分化,因此使用与雌激素受体结合的化合物来阻断该活性。皮质类固醇可抑制T细胞增殖。
其他化学治疗剂包括金属配合物,例如顺铂(cis-DDP)、卡铂等;脲类,例如羟基脲;以及肼,例如N-甲基肼;表鬼臼毒素;拓扑异构酶抑制剂;甲基苄肼;米托蒽醌;甲酰四氢叶酸;替加氟等。请他感兴趣的抗增殖剂包括免疫抑制剂,例如霉酚酸、沙利度胺、脱氧司加林(desoxyspergualin)、Azasporine、来氟米特、咪唑立宾、azaspirane(SKF 105685);(ZD 1839,4-(3-氯-4-氟苯基氨基)-7-甲氧基-6-(3-(4-吗啉基)丙氧基)喹唑啉)等。
“紫衫烷”包括紫杉醇和任何活性的紫衫烷衍生物或前药。“紫杉醇”(其在本文中可理解为包括类似物、制剂和衍生物,例如多西他赛、TAXOLTM、TAXOTERETM(一种多西他赛的制剂)、紫杉醇的10-去乙酰基类似物和紫杉醇的3'N-去苯甲酰基-3'N-叔丁氧基糖基类似物)可利用本领域技术人员已知的技术(还参见WO 94/07882、WO 94/07881、WO 94/07880、WO 94/07876、WO 93/23555、WO 93/10076;美国专利号5,294,637;5,283,253;5,279,949;5,274,137;5,202,448;5,200,534;5,229,529;和EP 590,267)很容易地制备,或者有多种商业来源获得,包括例如Sigma Chemical Co.,St.Louis,Mo.(T7402-来自短叶紫杉(Taxusbrevifolia);or T-1912-来自Taxusyannanensis)。
紫杉醇应理解为不仅是指常见的市售形式的紫杉醇,还包括类似物和衍生物(例如,上述TaxotereTM多西他赛)和紫杉醇缀合物(例如,紫杉醇-PEG、紫杉醇-右旋糖酐或紫杉醇-木糖)。
术语“紫衫烷”还包括各种已知的衍生物,包括亲水性衍生物和疏水性衍生物。紫衫烷衍生物但不限于国际专利申请号WO 99/18113中描述的半乳糖和甘露糖衍生物;WO99/14209中描述的哌嗪(piperazino)和其他衍生物;WO 99/09021、WO 98/22451和美国专利号5,869,680中描述的紫衫烷衍生物;WO 98/28288中描述的6-硫代衍生物;美国专利号5,821,263中描述的亚磺酰胺衍生物;以及美国专利申请号5,415,869中描述的紫杉醇衍生物。还包括紫杉醇的前药,包括但不限于WO 98/58927、WO 98/13059和美国专利号5,824,701中描述的那些。
适合治疗的对象
多种对象均适合于本发明治疗癌症的方法。合适的对象包括患有癌症、被诊断患有癌症、具有出现癌症的风险、曾患有癌症并且具有癌症复发风险、已经用二聚化剂以外的药剂治疗癌症但是对于这样的治疗没有响应、或者已经用二聚化剂以外的药剂治疗癌症但是初始对在这样的治疗响应后复发的任何个体,例如人或非人动物。
合适利用本发明免疫调节方法治疗的对象包括患有自身免疫病的个体;作为器官或组织抑制受体等的个体;免疫功能低下的个体;以及被病原体感染的个体。
实施例
给出了以下实施例来向本领域技术人员提供对如何制备和使用本发明的完整的公开和描述,而不是旨在限制发明人认为的本发明的范围,也不是旨在表示以下的实验是全部或仅进行的实验。尽管已经努力确保所使用数值(例如,量、温度等)的精准度,但是一些实验误差和偏差也应考虑。除非另有说明,否则分数为重量分数,分子量为数均分子量,温度为摄氏度,压力为大气压或接近大气压。可能使用标准缩写,例如,bp,碱基对;kb,千碱基;pl,皮升;s或sec,秒;min,分钟;h或hr,小时;aa,氨基酸;kb,千碱基;bp,碱基对;nt,核苷酸;i.m.,肌内;i.p.,腹膜内;s.c.,皮下;i.v.,静脉内;等等。
实施例1:CAR的产生
材料和方法
在整个设计优化过程中,选择抗人CD19scFv作为CAR中的抗原识别结构域。图18A和图18B总结了由两个数值所标识多肽组成的每一个CAR的分子结构。所有膜固定多肽是二硫化物结合的同二聚体。为了图示简洁,膜结合多肽以单体示出。
CAR构建体的产生
由构建体克隆编码数字识别序列。由Open Biosystems提供的cDNA克隆人4-1BB共刺激和CD3ζITAM信号链。由Addgene提供的质粒克隆FKBP和FRB编码序列。
使用标准分子克隆技术(聚合酶链式反应(PCR)、限制性消化、连接等)产生慢病毒表达质粒。
效应细胞和靶细胞培养条件
如由大学机构审查委员会(University Institutional Review Board)批准的,在单采血液成分术(Trima residuals from Blood Centers of the Pacific,SanFrancisco,CA)后,使用RosetteSep Human CD8+ T Cell Enrichment Cocktail(STEMCELLTechnologies#15063)通过阴性选择由匿名捐献者分离人原代CD8+T细胞。将细胞培养在由X-VIVO15(Lonza#04-418Q)、5%人AB血清(Valley Biomedical Inc.,#HP1022)、10mM N-乙酰基L-半胱氨酸(Sigma-Aldrich#A9165)和100IU/mL重组人IL-2(NCI/BRB PreclinicalRepository)构成的人T细胞培养基中。在用NFAT激活后,将表达绿叶荧光蛋白(GFP)的Jurkat细胞系培养在补充有10%胎牛血清(FBS)、青霉素和链霉素的RPMI-1640培养基中。来自U.Penn的K562靶细胞培养在补充有10%FBS的IMDM中。
利用慢病毒改造效应细胞和靶细胞
由使用脂质体LTX(Life Technologies#15338)共转染有pHR’SIN:CSW转基因表达载体、病毒包装质粒pCMVdR8.91和pMD2.G的Lenti-X 293T细胞(Clontech Laboratories#632180)产生泛热带分布的VSV-G假病毒型慢病毒。在转染48小时后收集感染培养基上清液并且直接用于转导。
在病毒转导前24小时,使用人T细胞激活剂CD3/CD28 Dynabeads(LifeTechnologies#111-31D)以1:3的细胞:珠比例激活原代人T细胞。使Jurkat和K562细胞预先分裂1~2天以确保在转导时培养物为对数生长期。在进行试验前将转导的Jurkat和K562细胞培养至少7天。将原代T细胞以约10^6/mL保持在人T细胞培养基中至少2周,直到细胞恢复静息状态。通过使用流式细胞仪检测荧光图缀合抗体或荧光报告蛋白来量化慢病毒构建体编码的CAR的表达水平。
IL-2产量和NFAT活性的量化
将表达CAR的Jurkat CD4+ T细胞与来自U.Penn的同源或非同源的K562靶细胞以1:2效应细胞:靶细胞的比例混合。将雷帕霉素类A/C异二聚化剂(Clontech Laboratories#635055)在培养基中连续稀释,并且添加到反应混合物中。孵育20~24小时后,收集培养物上清液并且利用BD OptEIA人IL-2ELISA Set(BD Biosciences#555190)进行分析。进行流式细胞术以量化Jurkat细胞中NFAT依赖性GFP报告蛋白的表达,作为CAR活性的单独指示。
基于流式细胞术的重定向的细胞毒性分析
对同源和非同源K562靶细胞进行改造,以使得可通过流式细胞术同时量化混合物中的两种细胞类型。将靶细胞以1:1比例混合并且与人原代CD8+效应T细胞以5:2效应细胞:靶细胞的比例共孵育。向反应混合物中添加100IU/mL人IL-2和不同量的雷帕霉素类(Clontech Laboratories#635055)。孵育24小时后,上清液以400g离心5分钟。将沉淀的细胞重悬在洗涤缓冲液(PBS+0.5%BSA+0.1%叠氮化钠)中并且在流式细胞之前用等量BDCytofix(BD cat#554655)固定。计算每份样品的同源靶细胞的存活率和非同源靶细胞的存活率的比率,以计算效应细胞的重定向的细胞毒性。
结果
评估了多种CAR构建体引起的IL-2的产生。数据表示在图12中。
图12。由5个开关CAR变体引起的IL-2产生。效应细胞=被改造具有CAR的CD4+Jurkat T细胞。靶细胞=具有或不具有通过CD19抗体的K562细胞系。通过酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)量化效应细胞分泌的IL-2的量。
图13。在与图12中所述相同的实验中,对照Jurkat细胞系的IL-2产生。构建体“125”编码目前临床试验中使用的常规控制。
图14。在与图12中所述那些相同的条件下的单独实验中,“122+206”和“197+206”之间的比较。
图15证明了开关CAR“197+206”赋予的药理上可滴定的细胞毒性。在少量雷帕霉素类的存在下,CAR有效介导对于同源靶细胞的重定向的细胞毒性。在高剂量的雷帕霉素类下,这种开关CAR可发出与“125”的常规CAR一样强的信号。效应细胞=被改造具有CAR的人原代CD8+ T细胞。靶细胞=表达同源人CD19抗原或非同源人间皮素抗原的K562细胞系的荧光衍生物。
图16描绘了使用来自T细胞受体途径的细胞质酪氨酸激酶Zap70作为胞内信号结构域构建的CAR的数据。
图16示出了来自被改造具有多种开关CAR的Jurkat细胞的数据。改造的Jurkat与具有或不具有同源抗原(CD19)的K562靶细胞和所指示浓度的雷帕霉素类共孵育。作为CAR组分,Zap70激酶(标记“199”的左起第一和第二个构建体)与ITAM(标记“168”的左起第三个构建体)在激活NFAT功能上一样有效。4-1BB信号结构域的调节增加了受体的抗原识别部分的表达,并且导致“197+199”更强的信号。包括无信号CAR(最右)作为阴性对照。
实施例2:CAR靶向间皮素
材料和方法
制备并测试了许多嵌合抗原受体。本文示出的构建体编码三种不同的抗人间皮素scFv作为抗原识别结构域。图19A、19B和19C总结了每一种抗人间皮素CAR的分子结构,其中每一种CAR均包含两个多肽。每个抗人间皮素CAR的细胞间部分均包含两个4-1BB共刺激结构域、FKBP和FRB二聚化剂结合对和ITAM胞内信号结构域。本文示出的三种不同的抗原识别结构域是抗间皮素HN1scFv、SS1scFv和m912scFv。所有膜固定多肽是二硫化物结合的同二聚体。
CAR构建体的产生
由构建体克隆或通过PCR的基因装配合成编码抗间皮素的序列。由OpenBiosystems提供的cDNA克隆人4-1BB共刺激和CD3ζITAM信号链。通过PCR合成HN1scFv-、SS1scFv-和m912scFv-编码序列,并且在一些情况下,进行密码子优化。由Addgene质粒克隆FKBP和FRB编码序列。
使用标准分子克隆技术(聚合酶链式反应(PCR)、限制性消化、连接等)产生慢病毒表达质粒。
效应细胞和靶细胞培养条件
在NFAT激活后,将表达GFP的Jurkat细胞系培养在补充有10%FBS、青霉素和链霉素的RPMI-1640培养基中。K562靶细胞培养在补充有10%胎牛血清(FBS)的IMDM中。
利用慢病毒改造效应细胞和靶细胞
由使用脂质体LTX(Life Technologies#15338)共转染有pHR’SIN:CSW转基因表达载体、病毒包装质粒pCMVdR8.91和pMD2.G的Lenti-X 293T细胞(Clontech Laboratories#632180)产生VSV-G假病毒型慢病毒。在转染48小时后收集感染培养基上清液并且直接用于转导。
使Jurkat和K562细胞预先分裂1~2天以确保在转导时培养物为对数生长期。在进行试验前将转导的Jurkat和K562细胞培养至少7天。通过使用流式细胞仪检测荧光图缀合抗体或荧光报告蛋白来量化慢病毒构建体编码的CAR的表达水平。
IL-2产量的量化
将表达CAR的Jurkat CD4+T细胞与同源或非同源的K562靶细胞以1:2效应细胞:靶细胞的比例混合。雷帕霉素类A/CHeterodimerizer(Clontech Laboratories#635055)在培养基中连续稀释,并且添加到反应混合物中。孵育20~24小时后,收集培养物上清液并且利用BD OptEIA Human IL-2ELISA Set(BD Biosciences#555190)进行分析。
结果
评估了由抗间皮素CAR构建体引起的IL-2的产生。数据表示在图19D至图19F中。
图19。HN1scFv(图19D)、SS1scFv(图19E)和m912scFv(图19F)开关CAR变体引起的IL-2产生。测量并且包括由常规CAR(图19G,构建体#358)产生的IL-2,用于与开关CAR进行比较(图19D)。效应细胞=被改造具有CAR的人CD4+Jurkat T细胞。靶细胞=具有或不具有同源抗原的K562细胞系。通过酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)量化效应细胞分泌的IL-2的量。
实施例3:赤霉酸作为开关CAR的二聚化剂
材料和方法
图20A总结了本发明赤霉酸二聚化剂CAR的分子结构。抗原结合部分包含抗人CD19scFv。胞内部分包含两个4-1BB共刺激结构域、GID1和GAI二聚化剂结合对和ITAM胞内信号结构域。所有膜固定多肽是二硫化物结合的同二聚体。
CAR构建体的产生
由构建体克隆编码赤霉酸二聚化剂CAR的序列。由质粒克隆抗CD19scFv。由OpenBiosystems提供的cDNA克隆人4-1BB共刺激和CD3ζITAM信号链。由Addgene质粒克隆GID1和GAI编码序列。使用标准分子克隆技术(聚合酶链式反应(PCR)、限制性消化、连接等)产生慢病毒表达质粒。
效应细胞和靶细胞培养条件
在NFAT激活后,将表达GFP的Jurkat细胞系培养在补充有10%FBS、青霉素和链霉素的RPMI-1640培养基中。K562靶细胞培养在补充有10%胎牛血清(FBS)的IMDM中。
利用慢病毒改造效应细胞和靶细胞
由使用脂质体LTX(Life Technologies#15338)共转染有pHR’SIN:CSW转基因表达载体、病毒包装质粒pCMVdR8.91和pMD2.G的Lenti-X 293T细胞(Clontech Laboratories#632180)产生泛热带分布的VSV-G假病毒型慢病毒。在转染48小时后收集感染培养基上清液并且直接用于转导。
使Jurkat和K562细胞预先分裂1~2天以确保在转导时培养物为对数生长期。在进行试验前将转导的Jurkat和K562细胞培养至少7天。通过使用流式细胞仪检测荧光图缀合抗体或荧光报告蛋白来量化慢病毒构建体编码的CAR的表达水平。
IL-2产量的量化
将表达CAR的Jurkat CD4+T细胞与同源或非同源的K562靶细胞以1:2效应细胞:靶细胞的比例混合。在乙醇中预溶解的赤霉酸-3乙酰氧基甲基酯(赤霉酸-3AM)在生长培养基中稀释(Toronto Research Chemicals#G377500),并且添加到反应混合物中。孵育20~24小时后,收集培养物上清液并且利用BD OptEIA人IL-2ELISA Set(BD Biosciences#555190)进行分析。
结果
评估了由赤霉酸二聚化剂CAR构建体引起的IL-2的产生。数据表示在图20中。
图20。由赤霉酸二聚化剂CAR变体引起的IL-2产生(图20B)。测量并且包括由常规CAR(图20C,构建体“125”)产生的IL-2,用于与开关CAR进行比较。效应细胞=被改造具有CAR的人CD4+Jurkat T细胞。靶细胞=具有或不具有同源间皮素CD19抗原的K562细胞系。通过酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)量化效应细胞分泌的IL-2的量。
实施例4:具有多个共刺激结构域的开关CAR
材料和方法
基本上如实施例1中所述制备若干嵌合抗原受体构建体,只是用多个其他共刺激结构域交换了4-1BB共刺激结构域。图21A和图21B总结了这里描述的CAR的分子结构。
CAR构建体的产生
由质粒克隆编码抗人CD19 scFv的序列。由Open Biosystems提供的cDNA克隆人CD3ζITAM信号链和人共刺激结构域CD28和OX-40编码序列。由Addgene质粒克隆FKBP和FRB编码序列。
使用标准分子克隆技术(聚合酶链式反应(PCR)、限制性消化、连接等)产生慢病毒表达质粒。
CAR构建体的测试
使用含有开关CAR CD28和OX-40共刺激结构域的构建体(图21A-B,分别为构建体“365+367”和“399+400”)和相应常规CAR对照(图21C-D,分别为构建体“366”和“398”),根据实施例1对效应细胞和靶细胞进行培养和转染。还可如实施例1所述使用含有CD28共刺激结构域的构建体和含有OX-40共刺激结构域的构建体进行IL-2产量、NFAT活性测定以及基于流式细胞术的测定。或者,可使含有开关CAR CD28和OX-40共刺激结构域的亚基的构建体与实施例1的构建体的亚基配偶对(例如,“197+367”,“365+206,”“197+400”,“399+206”等)。
实施例5:开关CAR的体外评估
可评估开关CAR在体外介导对靶肿瘤细胞的杀伤的能力。评估通过注射表达开关CAR的T细胞引起的体外肿瘤细胞杀伤。使用已经在体外确定了表达同源抗原并且可以被表达相应CAR的CD8+T细胞杀死的肿瘤细胞系。可使用已经被改造为表达萤火虫荧光蛋白或Renilla荧光蛋白以便能够生物荧光成像来量化体内肿瘤负荷的肿瘤细胞。将肿瘤细胞注射到免疫功能低下的小鼠(例如,6~10周龄的雌性NOD scidγ(NSG)小鼠)中,皮下肿瘤模型通过皮下注射,或系统性肿瘤模型通过静脉内注射。肿瘤移植方法和移植的最佳肿瘤细胞数可基于对于所使用肿瘤细胞系最佳的条件。可通过生物荧光成像和适用时的卡尺测量每周两次监测肿瘤负荷。一旦肿瘤负荷可检测,将总计0.5~2.5×10^7个表达开关CAR的T细胞(1:1CD4+:CD8+)静脉内注射到小鼠中以开始治疗。腹膜内施用载剂中的二聚化小分子药物(例如,雷帕霉素类)。在试验期间,可重复注射表达开关CAR的T细胞以增强抗肿瘤效果。可施用白介素2(IL-2)以增强抗肿瘤效果。
尽管已经参考本发明的特定实施方案描述了本发明,但是本领域技术人员应理解的是,可进行多种改变和等同物的替换而不脱离本发明的真实精神和范围。此外,可进行许多修改以使特定情况、材料、物质组成、方法、方法步骤或步骤适应本发明的目的、精神和范围。所有这些修改被确定在所附权利要求书的范围内。
Claims (41)
1.一种异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体,其包含:
a)第一多肽,其含有:
i)特异性结合对的第一成员;
ii)第一共刺激结构域;
iii)胞内二聚化对的第一成员;和
iv)插入在所述特异性结合对的第一成员和所述第一共刺激结构域之间的跨膜结构域;和
b)第二多肽,其含有:
i)跨膜结构域;
ii)第二共刺激结构域;
iii)所述胞内二聚化对的第二成员;和
iv)胞内信号结构域;
或者包含:
a)第一多肽,其含有:
i)特异性结合对的第一成员;
ii)共刺激结构域;
iii)胞内二聚化对的第一成员;和
iv)插入在所述特异性结合对的第一成员和所述共刺激结构域之间的跨膜结构域;和
b)第二多肽,其含有:
i)所述胞内二聚化对的第二成员;和
ii)胞内信号结构域,
所述异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体当所述第一多肽和所述第二多肽在二聚化剂的存在下二聚化时在所述特异性结合对的第二成员的存在下被激活。
2.根据权利要求1所述的异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体,其中以自N端至C端的次序,所述第一多肽含有:
i)特异性结合对的第一成员;
ii)跨膜结构域;
iii)第一共刺激结构域;和
iv)二聚化对的第一成员;
且以自N端至C端的次序,所述第二多肽含有:
i)跨膜结构域;
ii)第二共刺激结构域;
iii)所述二聚化对的第二成员;和
iv)胞内信号结构域。
3.根据权利要求1所述的异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体,其中所述第一多肽包含插入在所述特异性结合对的第一成员和所述跨膜结构域之间的铰链区。
4.根据权利要求1所述的异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体,其中所述特异性结合对的第一成员是抗体或抗体片段、配体或受体。
5.根据权利要求3所述的异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体,其中所述铰链区是免疫球蛋白IgG铰链区或来自CD8的铰链。
6.根据权利要求1所述的异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体,其中所述第一共刺激结构域和所述第二共刺激结构域选自4-1BB(CD137)、ICOS、BTLA、OX-40、CD27、CD30、GITR、HVEM、DAP10、DAP12和CD28。
7.根据权利要求1所述的异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体,其中所述胞内信号结构域选自ZAP70和CD3-ζ。
8.根据权利要求1所述的异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体,其中所述胞内信号结构域包含基于免疫受体酪氨酸的激活基序(ITAM)。
9.根据权利要求8所述的异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体,其中所述包含ITAM的胞内信号结构域包含与SEQ ID NO:18和98-119之一中所示氨基酸序列具有至少85%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列。
10.根据权利要求1所述的异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体,其中所述二聚化对的第一成员和第二成员在小分子二聚化剂的存在下形成同二聚体。
11.根据权利要求1所述的异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体,其中所述二聚化对的第一成员和第二成员在小分子二聚化剂的存在下形成异二聚体。
12.根据权利要求1所述的异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体,其中所述二聚化对的第一成员和第二成员选自:
a)FK506结合蛋白(FKBP)和FKBP;
b)FKBP和钙调磷酸酶催化亚基A(CnA);
c)FKBP和亲环素;
d)FKBP和FKBP-雷帕霉素相关蛋白(FRB);
e)旋转酶B(GyrB)和GyrB;
f)二氢叶酸还原酶(DHFR)和DHFR;
g)DmrB和DmrB;
h)PYL和ABI;
i)Cry2和CIP;
j)GAI和GID1。
13.根据权利要求1所述的异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体,其中:
i)所述第一共刺激结构域和所述第二共刺激结构域衍生自4-1BB;
ii)所述二聚化对的第一成员和第二成员是FKBP和FRB;以及
iii)所述信号结构域包含ITAM。
14.根据权利要求13所述的异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体,其中所述衍生自4-1BB的第一共刺激结构域和所述衍生自4-1BB的第二共刺激结构域包含与SEQ ID NO:24中所示氨基酸序列具有至少85%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列。
15.根据权利要求13所述的异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体,其中所述ITAM包含与SEQ ID NO:18和98-119之一中所示氨基酸序列具有至少85%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列。
16.根据权利要求13所述的异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体,其中所述FKBP包含与SEQ ID NO:12中所示氨基酸序列具有至少85%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列且所述FRB包含与SEQ ID NO:14中所示氨基酸序列具有至少85%氨基酸序列同一性的氨基酸序列。
17.根据权利要求1所述的异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体,其中所述特异性结合对的第一成员是单链Fv。
18.根据权利要求1所述的异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体,其中所述特异性结合对的第一成员结合存在于细胞上、固体表面上或脂质双层上的表位。
19.根据权利要求18所述的异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体,其中所述细胞是癌细胞。
20.一种体外或离体哺乳动物细胞,其经遗传改造以产生权利要求1所述的异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体。
21.根据权利要求20所述的细胞,其中所述细胞是干细胞、祖细胞或衍生自干细胞或祖细胞的细胞。
22.根据权利要求20所述的细胞,其中所述细胞是T淋巴细胞或NK细胞。
23.一种核酸,其包含编码权利要求1所述的异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体的核苷酸序列。
24.根据权利要求23所述的核酸,其中所述核苷酸序列与T淋巴细胞特异性启动子或NK细胞特异性启动子可操作地连接。
25.根据权利要求23所述的核酸,其中所述核酸是体外转录的RNA。
26.一种重组表达载体,其包含权利要求23所述的核酸。
27.二聚化剂制备供一种激活T淋巴细胞的方法使用的药物的用途,其中所述方法包括使所述T淋巴细胞与二聚化剂和特异性结合对的第二成员接触,其中所述T淋巴细胞经遗传修饰以产生权利要求1的异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体,并且其中在所述二聚化剂和所述特异性结合对的第二成员的存在下,所述异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体二聚化并且激活所述T淋巴细胞,从而产生激活的T淋巴细胞。
28.根据权利要求27所述的用途,其中所述特异性结合对的第二成员是抗原。
29.根据权利要求27所述的用途,其中所述接触在体内进行。
30.根据权利要求27所述的用途,其中所述激活的T淋巴细胞介导对靶细胞的杀伤。
31.根据权利要求27所述的用途,其中所述激活的T淋巴细胞产生IL-2和/或IFN-γ。
32.根据权利要求30所述的用途,其中所述靶细胞是癌细胞。
33.根据权利要求27所述的用途,其中所述异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体的特异性结合对的第一成员是癌细胞上的表位特异性的抗体。
34.一种产生权利要求20所述的细胞的方法,所述方法包括用包含编码权利要求1所述的异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体的核苷酸序列的表达载体对哺乳动物细胞进行遗传修饰,或者用包含编码权利要求1所述的异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体的核苷酸序列的RNA对哺乳动物细胞进行遗传修饰。
35.根据权利要求34所述的方法,其中所述遗传修饰离体进行。
36.根据权利要求34所述的方法,其中所述细胞是T淋巴细胞、干细胞、NK细胞、祖细胞、衍生自干细胞的细胞或衍生自祖细胞的细胞。
37.包含编码权利要求1所述的异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体的核苷酸序列的表达载体制备供一种治疗个体中的癌症的方法使用的药物的用途,其中所述方法包括:
i)用包含编码权利要求1所述的异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体的核苷酸序列的表达载体对获自所述个体的T淋巴细胞进行遗传修饰,其中所述异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体的抗原结合结构域对所述个体的癌细胞上的表位具有特异性,并且其中所述遗传修饰离体进行;
ii)将经遗传修饰的T淋巴细胞引入到所述个体中;以及
iii)向所述个体施用有效量的二聚化剂,其中所述二聚化剂诱导所述异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体的二聚化,其中所述二聚化提供对所述经遗传修饰T淋巴细胞的激活以及对所述癌细胞的杀伤,从而治疗所述癌症。
38.根据权利要求37所述的用途,其中所述二聚化剂是雷帕霉素类。
39.二聚化剂制备供一种调节宿主细胞的活性的方法使用的药物的用途,其中所述方法包括使所述宿主细胞与二聚化剂和特异性结合对的第二成员接触,其中所述宿主细胞经遗传修饰以产生权利要求1的异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体,并且其中在所述二聚化剂和所述特异性结合对的第二成员的存在下,所述异二聚体条件性有活性嵌合抗原受体二聚化并且调节所述宿主细胞的至少一种活性。
40.根据权利要求39所述的用途,其中所述活性是增殖、细胞存活、凋亡、基因表达或免疫激活。
41.根据权利要求39所述的用途,其中所述特异性结合对的第二成员是抗原。
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