CN104609933A - High-quality organic fertilizer prepared by straw and livestock and poultry night soil and method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for preparing a high-quality organic fertilizer by straw and livestock and poultry night soil, which belongs to the biology fertilizer field. The organic fertilizer is prepared by the following components by weight ratio,25-35% of straw, 50-60% of livestock and poultry night soil, 10-20% of plant ash, 0.5-1% of inorganic fertilizer, and 0.1-0.2% of microbial inoculum. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: preparing a microbial inoculum, drying straw, crushing, mixing with livestock and poultry night soil, plant ash, an inorganic fertilizer and the microbial inoculums according to a certain proportion, uniformly stirring, piling the mixed raw materials into a stripe, regularly measuring the temperature of piles, timely turning and stirring, and completing decomposing after 2-3 weeks to obtain the organic fertilizer. The preparation method is simple, the prepared organic fertilizer has comprehensive nutrient composition, and can reach a national standard for the organic fertilizer, processing for waste can be completed, and waste resource reutilization and environment protection can be realized.

Description

A kind of high-quality fertilizer of preparing with stalk and feces of livestock and poultry and method thereof

Technical field:

The present invention relates to fertilizer field, relate to and use cultivation, plantation waste production fertilizer.

Background technology:

Along with the raising of life of farmers level and the raising of level of farming mechanization, plantation waste quantity is increasing, utilization ratio diminishes on the contrary, mainly stalk comprises straw, rice husk, straw, corn stalk etc., and traditional treatment method adopts to be burned or abandon, and burning can produce obnoxious flavour, cause serious environmental pollution, increase the weight of Greenhouse effect, highway traffic safety is had a negative impact, abandon and can cause environmental pollution and the wasting of resources.Along with the minimizing of single household raiser, the increase of the specialized plant of mass-producing; add that the transport of fresh excrement is very inconvenient; current breeding waste is also enormous amount; mainly feces of livestock and poultry; traditional treatment method is that fresh excrement is contracted to others, no matter, occurs fresh excrement sinuous flow, fly maggot spreads unchecked; cause Heavy environmental pollution, or unprocessed being directly sent in fish pond, farmland causes secondary pollution.All can not realize waste recycling target with upper type, not meet the theory of recycling economy.

It is a kind of very traditional Land use systems that agricultural wastes Fertilizer Transformed utilizes, and is divided into and directly utilizes and indirect utilization.Direct utilization is a kind of method saved trouble most, stalk and ight soil are not processed and directly puts into farmland, microbial process is passed through in soil, slow decomposition, discharge mineral substance nutrient wherein, absorb for crop, the organic matter resolved into, soil ulmin provide food for Soil Microorganism and other biological, thus Soil structure, enhancement soil fertility, raising crop yield can be improved to a certain extent, but natural decomposition speed is slower, especially stalk waste becomes thoroughly decomposed slowly, may damage crop root in fermenting process.Indirect utilization refers to that waste is by mode also fields such as stack retting decomposition (compost), ashing, excessively abdomen or production fertilizers.Stack retting decomposition also field is peasant's important way of increasing soil fertility for thousands of years, traditional stack retting decomposition has the shortcomings such as the space taken is large, the treatment time is long, the ashing also owner of farmland will refer to that stalk passes through the mode of directly burning as fuel, field, due to the direct incineration loss fertility in field, polluted air, waste energy, affect the shortcomings such as traffic, present government has put into effect relevant laws and regulations of forbidding burning; Crossing abdomen and also have long history in field, is the mode that a kind of benefit is very high, is the waste suitably processed is become muck also field after feeding, and has active effect to maintenance and promotion husbandry sustainable development and benign ecological cycles; So utilize stalk, feces of livestock and poultry rapid production of organic fertilizer material is the mode can carrying out industrialization making, commercialization circulation, efficiency utilization.

Summary of the invention:

The invention provides fertilizer that a kind of nutritive ingredient is comprehensive, fermentation period is short and preparation method thereof.

A kind of fertilizer, is obtained by stalk and livestock manure fermented, and adds appropriate amount of auxiliary materials.Described stalk comprises at least one in straw, rice husk, straw, and feces of livestock and poultry comprises at least one in pig manure, chicken and duck excrement, cattle and sheep excrement, and auxiliary material comprises plant ash, mineral manure, fermenting agent.Plant ash is straw, the sawdust product after high-temp combustion, and containing abundant potassium, mineral manure is mainly used in the nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutritive ingredients that provide needed for microorganism growth, and fermenting agent is the class aerobic bacteria for fermenting.

Described stalk, feces of livestock and poultry, plant ash, mineral manure and fermenting agent mix by following weight ratio: stalk 25-35%, feces of livestock and poultry 50-60%, plant ash 10-20%, mineral manure 0.5-1%, fermenting agent 0.1-0.2%.

The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of organic fertilizer, and concrete steps comprise:

(1) preparation of fermenting agent: zymophyte is a kind of candida bacterial strain, substratum is wheat bran 80%, dregs of beans 20%, material water addition ratio is 1:1, pH value nature, through 121 DEG C of sterilizings 30 minutes, after cooling, candida bacterial strain is accessed substratum, at putting 28 DEG C, cultivate 4-5 hour, after substratum covering with white spore, put into 4 DEG C of refrigerator and cooled hides for subsequent use, adds a small amount of distilled water and mix up and make spore suspension during use.

(2) stalk pre-treatment: the straw collected is dried, is crushed to particle diameter 5-10mm;

(3) batching before fermentation: the feces of livestock and poultry according to weight ratio being the straw of 25-35%, 50-60%, the plant ash of 10-20%, the mineral manure of 0.5-1%, the fermenting agent of 0.1-0.2%;

(4) raw material is mixed, pile bottom width 150-200cm, height 70-100cm, the semicircle heap body that length is not limit;

(5) periodic measurement heap temperature, when reaching 50-60 DEG C, turning is stirred;

(6) complete about 2-3 week and become thoroughly decomposed, obtain organic fertilizer.

In the present invention's auxiliary material used, mineral manure commercially, and plant ash is bought from utilizing the producer of biomass power generation or collected.

Advantage of the present invention and effect:

(1) the fertilizer comprehensive nutrition that obtains of the present invention, can effectively improve Soil structure, strengthens plant resistance to environment stress, improve crop yield and improve crop quality.

(2) present invention achieves the innoxious and recycling treatment of plantation, breeding waste, achieve the recycling of waste, meet the requirement of recycling economy development.

(3) fermenting process of the present invention only produces minute quantity ammonia, does not produce greenhouse gases, avoids the pollution to air.

Accompanying drawing illustrates:

Fig. 1 is preparation flow figure of the present invention

Embodiment:

Embodiment 1

Get and dry straw 250kg, be crushed to particle diameter 10mm, mix with feces of livestock and poultry 550kg, plant ash 200kg, mineral manure (urea, calcium superphosphate respectively account for half) 5kg, fermenting agent 1kg again, pile bottom width 160cm, pile the semicircle heap body of high 80cm, periodic measurement heap temperature, when temperature reaches 50-60 DEG C, turning is stirred, and 2-3 week completes becomes thoroughly decomposed, and namely obtains the high-quality organic fertilizer prepared with stalk and ight soil.

Embodiment 2

Get and dry straw 350kg, be crushed to particle diameter 5mm, mix with feces of livestock and poultry 550kg, plant ash 100kg, mineral manure (urea, calcium superphosphate respectively account for half) 10kg, fermenting agent 2kg again, pile bottom width 170cm, pile the semicircle heap body of high 85cm, periodic measurement heap temperature, when temperature reaches 50-60 DEG C, turning is stirred, and 2-3 week completes becomes thoroughly decomposed, and namely obtains the high-quality organic fertilizer prepared with stalk and ight soil.

Embodiment 3

Get and dry straw 300kg, be crushed to particle diameter 7.5mm, mix with feces of livestock and poultry 550kg, plant ash 150kg, mineral manure (urea, calcium superphosphate respectively account for half) 7.5kg, fermenting agent 1.5kg again, pile bottom width 180cm, pile the semicircle heap body of high 90cm, periodic measurement heap temperature, when temperature reaches 50-60 DEG C, turning is stirred, and 2-3 week completes becomes thoroughly decomposed, and namely obtains the high-quality organic fertilizer prepared with stalk and ight soil.

The detected result of three examples sees the following form:

Test item	Measure unit	Embodiment 1 detected result	Embodiment 2 detected result	Embodiment 3 detected result
					Organic content	％	48.2	46.7	47.5
Total nutrient (N P and K) content	％	6.7	7.6	7.3
					Moisture	％	28.7	26.3	27.5
Potential of hydrogen (pH value)		6.8	7.5	7.2

Fertilizer national standard: organic content is not less than 45%, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium total nutrient content are not less than 5.0%, and moisture is not more than 30%, potential of hydrogen PH5.5-8.5.

Can be seen by detected result, the fertilizer indices obtained by the present invention is all better than national standard.

Claims (8)

1. a fertilizer, is characterized in that being obtained by stalk and livestock manure fermented, and suitably with the addition of some auxiliary materials.

2. fertilizer described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described stalk comprises: at least one in straw, rice husk, straw, feces of livestock and poultry comprises: at least one in pig manure, chicken and duck excrement, cattle and sheep excrement, auxiliary material comprises plant ash, mineral manure, fermenting agent.

3. fertilizer described in claim 1, is characterized in that: described feces of livestock and poultry water content is 50-80%.

4. fertilizer described in claim 1, is characterized in that: described weight ratio is stalk 25-35%, feces of livestock and poultry 50-60%, plant ash 10-20%, mineral manure 0.5-1%, fermenting agent 0.1-0.2%.

5. fertilizer described in claim 1, is characterized in that: described plant ash is crop material, the sawdust product after high-temp combustion.

6. fertilizer described in claim 1, is characterized in that: described mineral manure is one or more in urea, calcium superphosphate.

7. fertilizer described in claim 1, is characterized in that: described fermenting agent is a kind of candida bacterial strain, and available solid medium oneself is cultivated.

8. a preparation method of organic fertilizer, is characterized in that comprising following concrete steps:

(1) preparation of fermenting agent: zymophyte is a kind of candida bacterial strain, substratum is wheat bran 80%, dregs of beans 20%, material water addition ratio is 1:1, pH value nature, through 121 DEG C of sterilizings 30 minutes, after cooling, candida bacterial strain is accessed substratum, at putting 28 DEG C, cultivate 4-5 hour, after substratum covering with white spore, put into 4 DEG C of refrigerator and cooled hides for subsequent use, adds a small amount of distilled water and mix up and make spore suspension during use.

(2) stalk pre-treatment: the stalk collected is dried, is crushed to particle diameter 5-10mm;

(3) batching before fermentation: the feces of livestock and poultry according to weight ratio being the stalk of 25-35%, 50-60%, the plant ash of 10-20%, the mineral manure of 0.5-1%, the fermenting agent of 0.1-0.2%;

(4) raw material is mixed, pile bottom width 150-200cm, height 70-100cm, the semicircle heap body that length is not limit;

(5) periodic measurement heap temperature, when reaching 50-60 DEG C and spending, turning is stirred;

(6) complete about 2-3 week and become thoroughly decomposed, obtain organic fertilizer.