CN104582696B - 体内寄生虫防治剂及其使用方法 - Google Patents

体内寄生虫防治剂及其使用方法 Download PDF

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CN104582696B
CN104582696B CN201380044304.1A CN201380044304A CN104582696B CN 104582696 B CN104582696 B CN 104582696B CN 201380044304 A CN201380044304 A CN 201380044304A CN 104582696 B CN104582696 B CN 104582696B
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CN104582696A (zh
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北洁
诹访明之
织田雅次
田中浩二
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University of Tokyo NUC
Nihon Nohyaku Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明的目的是提供新型体内寄生虫防治剂作为驱虫剂、抗原虫剂等。本发明提供了一种体内寄生虫防治剂,其包含由通式(I)表示的羧酰胺衍生物或其盐作为活性成分,

Description

体内寄生虫防治剂及其使用方法
技术领域
本发明涉及包含羧酰胺衍生物或其盐作为活性成分的体内寄生虫防治剂,以及用于防治体内寄生虫的方法,所述方法包括口服或肠道外给予体内寄生虫防治剂。
背景技术
一般来讲,寄生虫病由寄生虫如单细胞原生生物(原虫类)、多细胞蠕虫和节肢动物感染宿主动物所引起。据报道,在发达国家中通过环境卫生的改善使寄生虫病的发生已经显著降低,但在全球范围,尤其在发展中国家,寄生虫病仍广泛流行并造成巨大损害。
近年来,即使在发达国家,寄生虫病地发生也存在增长的趋势。这部分是因为通过长期或短期海外旅行者引入感染源,部分是因为由进口食品、冷冻食品、生肉、鱼肉等的摄取或经驯养的动物和宠物造成的寄生感染。另一个问题是由免疫抑制剂、抗肿瘤药等的大量给药或AIDS等造成的免疫缺陷,使得通常非病原性或低病原性的寄生虫表达它们的病原性,进而造成在宿主中的机会感染。
另外,在家畜如猪、马、牛、羊、狗、猫和驯养家禽中的寄生虫病是常见的和严重的经济问题。即,家畜的寄生感染引起贫血,营养不良,身体衰弱,体重损失和严重的肠道壁、组织和器官的损害,可导致饲养效率和生产率的下降,导致巨大的经济损失。因此,一直期望作为驱虫剂、抗原虫剂或等的新型体内寄生虫防治剂。
已知特定种类的羧酰胺衍生物具有杀微生物的活性(参见专利文献1~13)。另外,已知特定种类的羧酰胺衍生物对于可损害农产品的线虫是有效的(参见专利文献4或5)。然而,专利文献1~13既没有说明也没有暗示公开的化合物对于在动物如哺乳动物和鸟类中的体内寄生虫是有效的。
此外,已经报道了抑制作为体内寄生虫的一种呼吸酶的琥珀酸-泛醌还原酶(线粒体复合物II)的化合物,可用作体内寄生虫防治剂(参见非专利文献1),但是仍然未知羧酰胺衍生物是否对琥珀酸-泛醌还原酶(线粒体复合物II)具有抑制效果。另外,专利文献1~13既没有说明也没有暗示公开的羧酰胺衍生物对琥珀酸-泛醌还原酶(线粒体复合物II)的任何抑制活性。
引用列表
专利文献
专利文献1:特开平JP-A 01-151546
专利文献2:国际公开WO 2007/060162
专利文献3:特开昭JP-A 53-9739
专利文献4:国际公开WO 2007/108483
专利文献5:国际公开WO 2008/126922
专利文献6:国际公开WO 2008/062878
专利文献7:国际公开WO 2008/101975
专利文献8:国际公开WO 2008/101976
专利文献9:国际公开WO 2008/003745
专利文献10:国际公开WO 2008/003746
专利文献11:国际公开WO 2009/012998
专利文献12:国际公开WO 2009/127718
专利文献13:国际公开WO 2010/106071
非专利文献
Kiyoshi Kita,“感染(Infection)”,Winter 2010,第40-4卷,310-319
发明内容
技术问题
鉴于上述情况,本发明的目的是提供新型体内寄生虫防治剂作为驱虫剂、抗原虫剂等。
技术方案
本发明人进行了大量研究以解决上述问题。结果,本发明人发现由通式(I)表示的羧酰胺衍生物和其盐对体体内寄生虫具有高防治效果。本发明人进一步进行了大量的检测,然后完成了本发明。即,本发明涉及以下。
[1]一种体内寄生虫防治剂,其包含由通式(I)表示的羧酰胺衍生物或其盐作为活性成分:
{其中各个X可以相同或不同,并表示卤素原子;氰基;硝基;氨基;(C1-C6)烷基;卤代(C1-C6)烷基;(C1-C6)烷氧基;卤代(C1-C6)烷氧基;(C1-C6)烷硫基;卤代(C1-C6)烷硫基;(C1-C6)烷基亚磺酰基;卤代(C1-C6)烷基亚磺酰基;(C1-C6)烷基磺酰基;或卤代(C1-C6)烷基磺酰基,
m表示0~5的整数,
A表示(C1-C8)亚烷基;或取代(C1-C8)亚烷基,其具有选自卤素原子、(C1-C6)烷基和(C3-C6)环烷基中的一个以上取代基,条件是(C1-C8)亚烷基和取代(C1-C8)亚烷基可通过将选自-O-、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-和-N(R)-(其中R表示氢原子、(C1-C6)烷基、(C3-C6)环烷基、(C1-C6)烷基羰基或(C1-C6)烷氧基羰基)中的至少一个基团并入碳链而被改性,条件是当亚烷基或具有一个以上取代基的取代亚烷基是(C3-C6)或(C3-C8)亚烷基或通过将选自-O-、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-和-N(R)-(其中R如上定义)中的至少一个基团并入碳链而被改性的(C2-C6)或(C2-C8)亚烷基时,A可以形成环状结构,
E表示氢原子;(C1-C6)烷基;(C3-C6)环烷基;(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷基;(C1-C6)烷基羰基;或(C1-C6)烷氧基羰基,以及
B表示由下列B1~B8表示的任意部分:
(其中各个Y可以相同或不同,并表示卤素原子;氰基;硝基;羟基;(C1-C6)烷基;卤代(C1-C6)烷基;(C2-C6)烯基;卤代(C2-C6)烯基;(C2-C6)炔基;卤代(C2-C6)炔基;(C1-C6)烷氧基;卤代(C1-C6)烷氧基;(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷氧基;(C2-C6)烯氧基;卤代(C2-C6)烯氧基;(C2-C6)炔氧基;卤代(C2-C6)炔氧基;(C1-C6)烷硫基;卤代(C1-C6)烷硫基;(C1-C6)烷基亚磺酰基;卤代(C1-C6)烷基亚磺酰基;(C1-C6)烷基磺酰基;卤代(C1-C6)烷基磺酰基;(C1-C6)烷氧基羰基;(C1-C6)烷氧基亚氨基(C1-C3)烷基;(C3-C30)三烷基甲硅烷基;单(C1-C6)烷基磺酰基氨基;单卤代(C1-C6)烷基磺酰基氨基;苯基;在环上具有选自Z取代基组中的一个以上取代基的取代苯基;苯氧基;在环上具有选自Z取代基组中的一个以上取代基的取代苯氧基;杂环基;在环上具有选自Z取代基组中的一个以上取代基的取代杂环基;杂环氧基;或在环上具有选自Z取代基组中的一个以上取代基的取代杂环氧基,
Z取代基组为卤素原子;氰基;硝基;(C1-C6)烷基;卤代(C1-C6)烷基;(C2-C6)烯基;卤代(C2-C6)烯基;(C2-C6)炔基;卤代(C2-C6)炔基;(C1-C6)烷氧基;卤代(C1-C6)烷氧基;(C2-C6)烯氧基;卤代(C2-C6)烯氧基;(C2-C6)炔氧基;卤代(C2-C6)炔氧基;(C1-C6)烷硫基;卤代(C1-C6)烷硫基;(C1-C6)烷基亚磺酰基;卤代(C1-C6)烷基亚磺酰基;(C1-C6)烷基磺酰基;卤代(C1-C6)烷基磺酰基;(C1-C6)烷氧基羰基;和(C1-C6)烷氧基亚氨基(C1-C3)烷基,
Y1表示(C1-C6)烷基,
n表示0~5的整数,条件是当n为2~5的整数时,两个相邻的Y基团可结合在一起以形成(C3-C5)亚烷基;(C3-C5)亚烯基;(C2-C4)亚烯氧基;(C1-C3)亚烷基二氧基;或卤代(C1-C3)亚烷基二氧基,且
在各个环上的编号表示环可以被Y取代的位置,且从各个环衍生的自由键是A和B之间的键)}。
[2]根据上面[1]的体内寄生虫防治剂,其中A为(C1-C8)亚烷基;或具有取代基的取代(C1-C8)亚烷基,所述取代基可彼此相同或不同并选自卤素原子、(C1-C6)烷基和(C3-C6)环烷基。
[3]根据上面[1]或[2]的体内寄生虫防治剂,其中B为B1、B2或B5。
[4]根据上面[1]的体内寄生虫防治剂,
其中各个X可以相同或不同,且为卤素原子;(C1-C6)烷基;或卤代(C1-C6)烷基,
m为1或2,
A为(C1-C8)亚烷基;或由(C1-C6)烷基取代的(C1-C8)亚烷基,
E为氢原子,
B为B1、B2或B5,
各个Y可以相同或不同,且为卤素原子;(C1-C6)烷基;卤代(C1-C6)烷基;苯基;在环上具有选自卤素原子、(C1-C6)烷基、卤代(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和卤代(C1-C6)烷氧基中的一个以上取代基的取代苯基;苯氧基;在环上具有选自卤素原子、(C1-C6)烷基、卤代(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和卤代(C1-C6)烷氧基中的一个以上取代基的取代苯氧基;吡啶基;在环上具有选自卤素原子、(C1-C6)烷基、卤代(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和卤代(C1-C6)烷氧基中的一个以上取代基的取代吡啶基;吡啶氧基;或在环上具有选自卤素原子、(C1-C6)烷基、卤代(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和卤代(C1-C6)烷氧基中的一个以上取代基的取代吡啶氧基,且
n为1~3的整数。
[5]根据上面[1]的体内寄生虫防治剂,
其中各个X可以相同或不同,且为卤素原子;(C1-C6)烷基;或卤代(C1-C6)烷基,
m为1或2,
A为(C1-C8)亚烷基;或由(C1-C6)烷基取代的(C1-C8)亚烷基,
E为氢原子,
B为B1,
各个Y可以相同或不同,且为卤素原子;(C1-C6)烷基;卤代(C1-C6)烷基;苯基;在环上具有选自卤素原子、(C1-C6)烷基、卤代(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和卤代(C1-C6)烷氧基中的一个以上取代基的取代苯基;苯氧基;在环上具有选自卤素原子、(C1-C6)烷基、卤代(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和卤代(C1-C6)烷氧基中的一个以上取代基的取代苯氧基;吡啶基;在环上具有选自卤素原子、(C1-C6)烷基、卤代(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和卤代(C1-C6)烷氧基中的一个以上取代基的取代吡啶基;吡啶氧基;或在环上具有选自卤素原子、(C1-C6)烷基、卤代(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和卤代(C1-C6)烷氧基中的一个以上取代基的取代吡啶氧基,且
n为1~3的整数。
[6]一种防治体内寄生虫的方法,其包括将有效量的根据上面[1]~[5]中任一项的体内寄生虫防治剂口服或肠道外给药到非人类哺乳动物或鸟类。
[7]一种防治体内寄生虫的方法,其包括将有效量的根据上面[1]~[5]中任一项的体内寄生虫防治剂口服或肠道外给药到非人类哺乳动物。
[8]根据上面[7]的方法,其中所述非人类哺乳动物是家畜。
有益效果
本发明提供可用作体内寄生虫防治剂的化合物,其与常规技术相比较性能卓越。
具体实施方式
下面对由通式(I)表示的羧酰胺衍生物中的定义进行描述。
“(C1-C8)亚烷基”指的是1~8个碳原子的直链亚烷基,例如亚甲基、亚乙基、三亚甲基、四亚甲基、五亚甲基、六亚甲基、七亚甲基、八亚甲基等。“(C3-C5)亚烷基”指的是3~5个碳原子的直链亚烷基,例如三亚甲基,四亚甲基,五亚甲基等。在“具有选自卤素原子、(C1-C6)烷基和(C3-C6)环烷基的取代(C1-C8)亚烷基”中,各个取代基可以相同或不同,并可以连接到亚烷基中的任何碳原子。表述“(C1-C8)亚烷基和取代(C1-C8)亚烷基可通过将选自-O-、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-和-N(R)-(其中R表示氢原子、(C1-C6)烷基、(C3-C6)环烷基、(C1-C6)烷基羰基或(C1-C6)烷氧基羰基)中的至少一个基团并入碳链而修饰”意味着可形成与上述未取代或取代的直链(C1-C8)亚烷基相同的部分,除了使上面列出的基团连接到末端碳原子或插入亚烷基中的碳原子之间。特定实例包括乙烯氧基、乙烯硫基、乙烯亚磺酰基、乙烯磺酰基、乙烯氨基、丙烯氧基、丙烯硫基、丙烯亚磺酰基、丙烯磺酰基、丙烯氨基、-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-、-CH2-CH2-S-CH2-和-CH2-CH2-NH-CH2-。
“卤素原子”指的是氟原子、氯原子、溴原子或碘原子。
“(C1-C6)烷基”指的是1~6个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、新戊基、正己基等。“卤代(C1-C6)烷基”指的是由一个以上可以彼此相同或不同的卤素原子取代的1~6个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,例如三氟甲基、二氟甲基、全氟乙基、六氟异丙基、全氟异丙基、氯甲基、溴甲基、1-溴乙基、2,3-二溴丙基等。“(C3-C6)环烷基”指的是3~6个碳原子的环烷基,例如环丙基、环戊基、环己基等。
“(C2-C6)烯基”指的是2~6个碳原子的直链或支链烯基,例如乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基等。“卤代(C2-C6)烯基”指的是由一个以上可以彼此相同或不同的卤素原子取代的2~6个碳原子的直链或支链烯基,例如氟乙烯基、二氟乙烯基、全氟乙烯基、3,3-二氯-2-丙烯基、4,4-二氟-3-丁烯基等。
“(C2-C6)炔基”指的是2~6个碳原子的直链或支链炔基,例如乙炔基、丙炔基、丁炔基等。“卤代(C2-C6)炔基”指的是由一个以上可以彼此相同或不同的卤素原子取代的2~6个碳原子的直链或支链炔基,例如氟乙炔基、全氟丙炔基、4,4,4-三氟-2-丁炔基等。
“(C1-C6)烷氧基”指的是1~6个碳原子的直链或支链烷氧基,例如甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基、正戊氧基、异戊氧基、新戊氧基、正己氧基等。“卤代(C1-C6)烷氧基”指的是由一个以上可以彼此相同或不同的卤素原子取代的1~6个碳原子的直链或支链烷氧基,例如三氟甲氧基、二氟甲氧基、全氟乙氧基、全氟异丙氧基、氯甲氧基、溴甲氧基、1-溴乙氧基、2,3-二溴丙氧基等。
“(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷氧基”指的是在可取代位置具有1~6个碳原子的直链或支链烷氧基作为取代基的1~6个碳原子的直链或支链烷氧基,例如甲氧甲氧基、乙氧基甲氧基、1-甲氧乙氧基、2-甲氧乙氧基、1-乙氧乙氧基、2-乙氧乙氧基等。
“(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷基”指的是在可取代位置具有1~6个碳原子的直链或支链烷氧基作为取代基的1~6个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,例如甲氧甲基、乙氧甲基、1-甲氧乙基、2-甲氧乙基、1-乙氧乙基、2-乙氧乙基等。
“(C2-C6)烯氧基”指的是2~6个碳原子的直链或支链烯氧基,例如丙烯氧基、丁烯氧基、戊烯氧基等。“卤代(C2-C6)烯氧基”指的是由一个以上可以彼此相同或不同的卤素原子取代的2~6个碳原子的直链或支链烯氧基,例如氟乙烯氧基、二氟乙烯氧基、全氟乙烯氧基、3,3-二氯-2-丙烯氧基、4,4-二氟-3-丁烯氧基等。
“(C2-C6)炔氧基”指的是2~6个碳原子的直链或支链炔氧基,例如丙炔氧基、丁炔氧基、戊炔氧基等。“卤代(C2-C6)炔氧基”指的是由一个以上可以彼此相同或不同的卤素原子取代的2~6个碳原子的直链或支链炔氧基,例如氟乙炔氧基、全氟丙炔氧基、4,4,4-三氟-2-丁炔氧基等。
“(C1-C6)烷硫基”指的是1~6个碳原子的直链或支链烷硫基,例如甲硫基、乙硫基、正丙硫基、异丙硫基、正丁硫基、仲丁硫基、叔丁硫基、正戊硫基、异戊硫基、正己硫基等。“卤代(C1-C6)烷硫基”指的是由一个以上可以彼此相同或不同的卤素原子取代的1~6个碳原子的直链或支链烷硫基,例如三氟甲硫基、二氟甲硫基、全氟乙硫基、全氟异丙硫基、氯甲硫基、溴甲硫基、1-溴乙硫基、2,3-二溴丙硫基等。
“(C1-C6)烷基亚磺酰基”指的是1~6个碳原子的直链或支链烷基亚磺酰基,例如甲基亚磺酰基、乙基亚磺酰基、正丙基亚磺酰基、异丙基亚磺酰基、正丁基亚磺酰基、仲丁基亚磺酰基、叔丁基亚磺酰基、正戊基亚磺酰基、异戊基亚磺酰基、正己基亚磺酰基等。“卤代(C1-C6)烷基亚磺酰基”指的是由一个以上可以彼此相同或不同的卤素原子取代的1~6个碳原子的直链或支链烷基亚磺酰基,例如三氟基甲亚磺酰基、二氟甲基亚磺酰基、全氟乙基亚磺酰基、全氟异丙基亚磺酰基、氯甲基亚磺酰基、溴甲基亚磺酰基、1-溴乙基亚磺酰基、2,3-二溴丙基亚磺酰基等。
“(C1-C6)烷基磺酰基”指的是1~6个碳原子的直链或支链烷基磺酰基,例如甲基磺酰基、乙基磺酰基、正丙基磺酰基、异丙基磺酰基、正丁基磺酰基、仲丁基磺酰基、叔丁基磺酰基、正戊基磺酰基、异戊基磺酰基、正己基磺酰基等。“卤代(C1-C6)烷基磺酰基”指的是由一个以上可以彼此相同或不同的卤素原子取代的1~6个碳原子的直链或支链烷基磺酰基,例如三氟甲基磺酰基、二氟甲基磺酰基、全氟乙基磺酰基、全氟异丙基磺酰基、氯甲基磺酰基、溴甲基磺酰基、1-溴乙基磺酰基、2,3-而溴丙基磺酰基等。
“(C1-C6)烷基羰基”指的是结合到羰基的1~6个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,例如甲基羰基、乙基羰基、正丙基羰基、异丙基羰基、正丁基羰基、叔丁基羰基等。
“(C1-C6)烷氧基羰基”指的是结合到羰基的1~6个碳原子的直链或支链烷氧基,例如甲氧基羰基、乙氧基羰基、正丙氧基羰基、异丙氧基羰基、正丁氧基羰基、叔丁氧基羰基等。
“(C1-C6)烷氧亚胺基(C1-C3)烷基”指的是结合到亚胺基(C1-C3)烷基的1~6个碳原子的直链或支链烷氧基,例如甲氧基亚胺基甲基、乙氧基亚胺基甲基、正丙氧基亚胺基甲基、异丙氧基亚胺基乙基等。
“(C3-C30)三烷基甲硅烷基”指的是总共3~30个碳原子的直链或支链烷基甲硅烷基,例如三甲基甲硅烷基、三乙基甲硅烷基等。
“单(C1-C6)烷基磺酰基氨基”指的是1~6个碳原子的直链或支链单烷基磺酰基氨基,例如甲磺酰基氨基、乙磺酰基氨基、异丙磺酰基氨基等。“单卤代(C1-C6)烷基磺酰胺基”指的是由一个以上可以彼此相同或不同的卤素原子取代的1~6个碳原子的直链或支链单烷基磺酰基氨基,例如三氟甲磺酰基氨基等。
A可以形成的环状结构的实例包括环丙烷、环丁烷、环戊烷和环庚烷。
“(C3-C5)亚烯基”指的是其中具有一个或两个双键的3~5个碳原子的直链或支链亚烯基,例如亚丙烯基、1-亚丁烯基、2-亚丁烯基、亚戊烯基等。
“(C2-C4)亚烯氧基”的实例包括-CH2-CH2-O-、-CH2-C(CH3)2-O-、-CH2-CH2-CH2-O-和-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-O-。
“(C1-C3)烷撑二氧基”指的是1~3个碳原子的亚烷基二氧基,例如-O-CH2-O-、-O-CH2-CH2-O-、-O-CH2-CH2-CH2-O-等。“卤代(C1-C3)亚烷基二氧基”指的是由一个以上可以彼此相同或不同的卤素原子取代的1~3个碳原子的亚烷基二氧基,例如为-O-CF2-O-、-O-CF2-CF2-O-、-O-CCl2-O-等。
“杂环基”指的是含有碳原子和选自氧原子、硫原子和氮原子中的1~4个杂原子作为环原子的5-或6-元单环芳族或3-或6-元单环非芳族杂环基;并且还指的是通过这样的单环芳族或非芳族杂环与苯环稠合或通过这样的单环芳族或非芳族杂环的稠合(杂环可相互不同)而形成的稠合杂环基。
“芳族杂环基”的实例包括单环芳族杂环基如呋喃基、噻吩基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基、吡咯基、咪唑基、吡唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噁二唑、噻二唑、三唑基、四唑基和三嗪基;和芳族稠合杂环基如喹啉基、异喹啉基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、苯并噁唑基、苯并异噁唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并咪唑基、苯并三唑基、吲哚基、吲唑基、吡咯并吡嗪基、咪唑并吡啶基、咪唑并吡嗪基、吡唑并吡啶基、吡唑并噻吩基和吡唑三嗪基。
“非芳族杂环基”的实例包括单环非芳族杂环基如氧杂环乙烷基、硫杂环乙烷基、氮杂环乙烷基、氧杂环丁烷基、硫杂环丁烷基、氮杂环丁烷基、吡咯烷基、哌啶基、吗啉基、硫杂吗啉基、哌嗪基、六亚甲基亚氨基、噁唑烷基、噻唑烷基、咪唑烷基、噁唑啉基、噻唑啉基、咪唑啉基、间二氧杂环戊烯基、二氧杂环戊烷基、二氢噁二唑基、2-氧-1,3-噁唑烷-5-基、吡喃基、四氢吡喃基、硫杂吡喃基、四氢硫杂吡喃基、1-氧四氢硫杂吡喃基、1,1-二氧四氢硫杂吡喃基、四氢呋喃基、二氧杂环己烷、吡唑烷基、吡唑啉基、四氢嘧啶基、二氢三唑基和四氢三唑基;和非芳族稠合杂环基如二氢吲哚基、二氢异吲哚基、二氢苯并呋喃基、二氢苯并二噁英基、二氢苯并二氧杂环己烯基、四氢苯并呋喃基、苯并吡喃基、二氢喹啉基、四氢喹啉基、二氢异喹啉基、四氢异喹啉基和二氢酞嗪基。
由通式(I)表示的羧酰胺衍生物的盐包括无机酸盐,例如盐酸盐、硫酸盐、硝酸盐和磷酸盐;有机酸盐,例如乙酸盐、延胡索酸盐、马来酸盐、草酸盐、甲磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐和对-甲基苯磺酸盐;和具有无机或有机碱例如钠离子、钾离子、钙离子和三甲基铵离子的盐。
在由通式(I)表示的羧酰胺衍生物中,X优选为卤素原子;氰基;硝基;氨基;(C1-C6)烷基;卤代(C1-C6)烷基;(C1-C6)烷氧基;卤代(C1-C6)烷氧基;(C1-C6)烷硫基;卤代(C1-C6)烷硫基;(C1-C6)烷基亚磺酰基;卤代(C1-C6)烷基亚磺酰基;(C1-C6)烷基磺酰基;或卤代(C1-C6)烷基磺酰基,且特别优选为卤素原子;(C1-C6)烷基;或卤代(C1-C6)烷基。m特别优选为1或2。
A优选为(C1-C8)亚烷基;或具有取代基的取代(C1-C8)亚烷基,所述取代基可以彼此相同或不同且选自卤素原子、(C1-C6)烷基和(C3-C6)环烷基。还优选通过将选自-O-、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-和-N(R)-(其中R表示氢原子、(C1-C6)烷基、(C3-C6)环烷基、(C1-C6)烷基羰基或(C1-C6)烷氧基羰基)中的至少一个基团并入碳链而对(C1-C8)亚烷基和取代(C1-C8)亚烷基被改性。A更加优选为(C1-C8)亚烷基;或具有(C1-C6)烷基作为取代基的取代(C1-C8)亚烷基,特别优选亚乙基;或由(C1-C6)烷基取代的亚乙基。在其中A可以形成环状结构的情况中,环状结构的优选实例包括环丙烷、环丁烷、环戊烷和环庚烷,且特别优选环丙烷。“其中A可以形成环状结构的情况”包括其中亚烷基或具有一个以上取代基的取代亚烷基是(C3-C6)或(C3-C8)亚烷基,或通过将选自-O-、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-和-N(R)-(其中R如上定义)中的至少一个基团并入碳链而被改性的(C2-C6)或(C2-C8)亚烷基的情况。
E优选为氢原子;(C1-C6)烷基;(C3-C6)环烷基;(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷基;(C1-C6)烷基羰基;或(C1-C6)烷氧基羰基,且特别优选为氢原子。
B优选为选自B1~B8中的任意部分,特别优选B1、B2或B5。
Y优选为卤素原子;(C1-C6)烷基;卤代(C1-C6)烷基;苯基;在环上具有取代基的取代苯基,所述取代基可以彼此相同或不同并选自卤素原子、(C1-C6)烷基、卤代(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和卤代(C1-C6)烷氧基;苯氧基;在环上具有取代基的取代苯氧基,所述取代基可以彼此相同或不同并选自卤素原子、(C1-C6)烷基、卤代(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和卤代(C1-C6)烷氧基;吡啶基;在环上具有取代基的取代吡啶基,所述取代基可以彼此相同或不同并选自卤素原子、(C1-C6)烷基、卤代(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和卤代(C1-C6)烷氧基;吡啶氧基;或在环上具有取代基的取代吡啶氧基,所述取代基可以彼此相同或不同并选自卤素原子、(C1-C6)烷基、卤代(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和卤代(C1-C6)烷氧基。Y特别优选为卤素原子;卤代(C1-C6)烷基;或在环上具有取代基的取代苯基,所述取代基可以彼此相同或不同并选自卤素原子、(C1-C6)烷基、卤代(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷氧基和卤代(C1-C6)烷氧基。Y1优选为(C1-C6)烷基。n优选为1~3的整数。
由通式(I)表示的羧酰胺衍生物可在结构式中具有一个以上手性中心或双键,且可以以两种以上光学异构体、非对映异构体和几何异构体存在。这些异构体任何比率的全部混合物也包括在本发明中。
由通式(I)表示的化合物可通过下面示出的制造方法制造。或者,通过在JP-A 01-151546、WO 2007/060162、JP-A 53-9739、WO 2007/108483、WO 2008/101975、WO 2008/062878、WO 2008/101976、WO 2008/003745、WO 2008/003746、WO 2009/012998、WO 2009/127718或WO 2010/106071中描述的制造方法、在Shin-Jikken Kagaku Kouza14(Maruzen,December 20,1977)中描述的方法、前述方法的修改方法等,可实现化合物的制造。
制造方法1
(在式中,X、A、E、B和m如上定义,且hal表示卤素原子)
通过使由通式(II)表示的酰卤与由通式(III)表示的胺在碱的存在下在惰性溶剂中反应,可制造由通式(I)表示的羧酰胺衍生物。
这一反应中的反应温度通常为-20~120℃,且反应时间通常为0.2~24小时。相对于由通式(II)表示的酰卤,通常以0.8倍~5倍的摩尔量使用由通式(III)表示的胺。
在反应中可使用的碱的实例包括无机碱如氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠和碳酸氢钾;乙酸盐如乙酸钠和乙酸钾;碱金属醇盐如叔丁醇钾、甲醇钠和乙醇钠;三级胺如三乙胺、二异丙乙胺和1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一-7-烯;和含氮芳族化合物如吡啶和二甲氨基吡啶。相对于由通式(II)表示的酰卤,通常以0.5倍~10倍的摩尔量使用碱。
可使用或不使用溶剂来进行所述反应。作为溶剂,可使用任何溶剂除非其明显抑制反应,实例包括醇如甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇和和2-丙醇;直链或环状醚如二乙醚、四氢呋喃和二氧杂环己烷;芳族烃如苯、甲苯和二甲苯;卤代烃如二氯甲烷、氯仿和四氯化碳;卤代芳族烃如氯苯和二氯苯;腈类如乙腈;酯类如乙酸乙酯和乙酸丁酯;和极性溶剂如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基亚砜、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮、水和乙酸。这些惰性溶剂可以单独使用或作为两种以上的混合物使用。
反应完成后,按照常用方法从反应后混合物中分离目标化合物。根据需要,可通过重结晶、柱色谱等对目标化合物进行纯化。
通过在已知文献(例如,WO 05/115994、WO 01/42223、WO 03/066609、WO 03/066610、WO 03/099803、WO 03/099804、WO 03/080628等)中描述的方法或其修改方法,可制造由通式(II)表示的用于反应的酰卤。通过在WO 2007/108483等中描述的方法或其修改方法,可制造由通式(III)表示的胺。
制造方法2
(在式中,X、A、E、B和m如上定义)
通过使由通式(II’)表示的苯甲酸衍生物与由通式(III)表示的胺在缩合剂和碱的存在下在惰性溶剂中反应,可制造由通式(I)表示的羧酰胺衍生物。
在这一反应中使用的缩合剂的实例包括氰基磷酸二乙酯(DEPC)、羰二咪唑(CDI)、1,3-二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)、1-乙基-3-(3-二甲氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐、氯甲酸酯和2-氯-1-甲基吡啶碘化物。相对于由通式(II’)表示的苯甲酸衍生物,通常以0.5倍~3倍的摩尔量使用缩合剂。
反应温度、反应时间、碱、溶剂、分离方法等与制造方法1的那些相一致。
将已经通过制造方法1、2等制造的由通式(I)表示的羧酰胺衍生物的代表性实例示出在表1中,但本发明不限于此。在表1中,“Ph”表示苯基,“Py”表示吡啶基。“B1”~“B8”如上定义,且“A1”~“A7”表示下面示出的部分。物理性质指的是熔点(℃)或折射率nD。
表1
表1(续)
本发明的体内寄生虫防治剂具有优异的抗体内寄生虫效果,并且发挥对体内寄生虫的合适的防治效果。可以使用本发明的体内寄生虫防治剂的动物是人类、非人类哺乳动物或鸟类物种的动物和鱼类。非人类哺乳动物物种的示例性成员包括家畜如猪、马、牛、羊、山羊、兔子、骆驼、水牛、鹿、水貂和栗鼠;宠物动物如狗、猫和猴子;和实验动物如大鼠、小鼠、金仓鼠和豚鼠。鸟类物种的示例性成员包括驯养家禽如鸡、鸭、aigamo鸭(野生鸭和驯养鸭的杂种)、鹌鹑、驯养鸭、鹅和火鸡。鱼类的示例性成员包括海养鱼如黄尾鱼、较大的琥珀鱼、红海鲤鱼、日本海鲈鱼、牙鲆、日本河豚、条纹鱼、黄尾琥珀鱼、斑点锯鱼、海鲡鱼和太平洋蓝鳍金枪鱼;和淡水养鱼如香鱼、希玛、嘉鱼、鲤鱼、欧洲鲫鱼和虹鳟鱼。
本发明的体内寄生虫防治剂有效针对的人体内寄生虫大致分为原虫类和蠕虫类。所述原虫类的实例包括但不限于:根足虫纲如阿米巴原虫(Entamoeba histolytica);鞭毛虫纲如利什曼原虫(Leishmania)、锥虫(Trypanosoma)和滴虫(Trichomonas);孢子虫纲如疟原虫(Plasmodium)和弓形虫(Toxoplasma);和纤毛虫门如结肠小袋纤毛虫(Balantidiumcoli.)。所述蠕虫的实例包括但不限于:线虫纲如蛔虫(Ascaris lumbricoides)、异尖线虫(Anisakis)、犬弓蛔虫(Toxocara canis)、毛线虫属(Trichostrongylus spp.)、蠕形住肠蛲虫(Enterobius vermicularis)、钩虫(例如,十二指肠钩虫(Ancylostoma duodenale)、美洲钩虫(Necator americanus)、巴西钩虫(Ancylostoma braziliense)等)、管圆线虫属(Angiostrongylus spp.)、颚口虫属(Gnathostoma spp.)、丝虫(丝虫、班氏丝虫(Wuchereria bancrofti)、马来丝虫(Brugia malayi)等)、盘尾丝虫(Onchocercavolvulus)、麦地那龙线虫(Dracunculus medinensis)、旋毛虫(Trichinella spiralis)和粪类圆线虫(Strongyloides stercoralis);棘头虫纲如猪巨吻棘头虫(Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus);铁线虫纲如铁线虫;蛭纲如日本医蛭(Hirudonipponia);吸虫纲如血吸虫(Schistosoma japonicum)、曼氏血吸虫(Schistosomamansoni)、埃及血吸虫(Schistosoma haematobium)、华支睾吸虫(Clonorchis sinensis)、异形吸虫异形吸虫(Heterophyes heterophyes)、片形吸虫属(Fasciola spp.)和并殖吸虫属(Paragonimus spp.);和绦虫纲如裂头绦虫(Diphyllobothrium latum)、曼氏裂头蚴(Sparganum mansoni)、增殖裂头蚴(Sparganum proliferum)、大复殖孔绦虫(Diplogonoporus grandis)、带绦虫科(例如,肥胖带吻绦虫(Taeniarhynchussaginatus)、猪带绦虫(Taenia solium)、细粒棘球绦虫(Echinococcus)等)、膜壳绦虫属(Hymenolepis spp.)、犬复孔绦虫(Dipylidium caninum)、线中殖孔绦虫(Mesocestoideslineatus)、伯特绦虫属(Bertiella spp.)和剑鼻鱼属(Nybelinia surmenicola)。
本发明的体内寄生虫防治剂有效针对的非人类哺乳动物和鸟类的体内寄生虫大致分为原虫类和蠕虫类。所述原虫类的实例包括但不限于:顶复门如球虫纲(例如,艾美球虫属(Eimeria)、等孢球虫属(Isospora)、弓形虫属(Toxoplasma)、新孢子虫属(Neospora)、肉孢子虫属(Sarcocystis)、孢子虫属(Besnoitia)、哈蒙德虫属(Hammondia)、隐孢子虫属(Cryptosporidium)、核孢子虫属(Caryospora)等)、血孢子亚目(例如,住白细胞虫属(Leucocytozoon)、疟原虫属(Plasmodium)等)、梨浆虫属(例如,泰勒虫属(Theileria)、无形体属(Anaplasma)、附红细胞体属(Eperythrozoon)、血巴尔通氏体属(Haemobartonella)、埃立克体属(Ehrlichia)等),和其他(例如,肝簇虫属(Hepatozoon)、血簇虫属(Haemogregarina)等);微孢子门如脑居原虫属(Encephalitozoon)和微孢子虫属(Nosema);鞭毛虫纲如锥虫亚目(例如,锥虫属(Trypanosoma)、利什曼原虫属(Leishmania)等)、毛滴虫目(例如,唇鞭毛虫属(Chilomastix)、滴虫属(Trichomonas)、单尾滴虫属、组织滴虫属(Histomonas)等),和双滴虫目(例如,六鞭虫属(Hexamita)、贾第虫属(Giardia)等);肉足纲如阿米巴目(例如,阿米巴原虫(Entamoeba histolytica)(内阿米巴属(Entamoeba))等);和纤毛虫门如结肠小袋纤毛虫(Balantidium coli)(肠袋虫属(Balantidium))、布克斯顿纤毛虫属(Buxtonella)和内毛虫属(Entodinium)。
所述蠕虫的实例包括但不限于:线虫纲,如蛔目(例如,猪蛔虫(Ascaris suum)(蛔虫属(Ascaris))、犬弓蛔虫(Toxocara canis)和猫弓蛔线虫(Toxocara cati)(弓蛔虫属(Toxocara))、狮弓蛔线虫(Toxascaris leonina)(弓蛔线虫属(Toxascaris))、马副蛔虫(Parascaris equorum)(副蛔虫属(Parascaris)),鸡蛔虫(Ascaridia galli)(鸡蛔虫属(Ascaridia))、鸡异刺线虫(Heterakis gallinarum)(异刺线虫属(Heterakis))、异尖线虫属(Anisakis)等)、尖尾目(例如,马尖尾线虫(Oxyuris equi)(尖尾属(Oxyuris))、栓尾线虫(Passalurus ambiguus)(栓尾属(Passalurus))等)、圆线虫目(例如,寻常圆线虫(Strongylus vulgaris)(圆线虫属(Strongylus))、捻转血矛线虫(Haemonchuscontortus)(血矛线虫属(Haemonchus))、奥氏奥斯特线虫(Ostertagia ostertagi)(奥斯特线虫属(Ostertagia))、蛇形毛圆线虫(Trichostrongylus colubriformis)(毛圆线虫属(Trichostrongylus))、点状库柏丝虫(Cooperia punctata)(古柏线虫属(Cooperia))、尖刺细颈线虫(Nematodirus filicollis)(细颈线虫属(Nematodirus))、红色猪圆线虫(Hyostrongylus rubidus)(猪圆线虫属(Hyostrongylus))、辐射结节线虫(Oesophagostomum radiatum)(结节线虫属(Oesophagostomum))、绵羊夏伯特线虫(Chabertia ovina)(夏伯特线虫属(Chabertia))、犬钩虫(Ancylostoma caninum)(钩口线虫属(Ancylostoma))、狭头钩虫(Uncinaria stenocephala)(弯口属(Uncinaria))、美洲钩虫(Necator americanus)(板口线虫属(Necator))、牛仰口钩虫(Bunostomumphlebotomum)(仰口线虫属(Bunostomum))、牛肺虫(Dictyocaulus viviparus)(网尾线虫属(Dictyocaulus))、长刺后圆线虫(Metastrongylus elongatus)(后圆线虫属(Metastrongylus))、肺丝虫(Filaroides hirthi)(类丝虫属(Filaroides))、猫圆线虫(Aelurostrongylus abstrusus)(猫圆线虫属(Aelurostrongylus))、广州管圆线虫(Angiostrongylus cantonensis)(管圆线虫属(Angiostrongylus))、气管比翼线虫(Syngamus trachea)(比翼线虫属(Syngamus))、有齿冠尾线虫(Stephanurus dentatus)(猪肾属(Stephanurus))等)、小杆目(例如粪类圆线虫(Strongyloides stercoralis)(类圆线虫属(Strongyloides))、细丝鲶属Micronema等)、旋尾目(例如,结膜吸吮线虫(Thelazia rhodesi)(吸吮线虫属(Thelazia))、禽眼线虫(Oxyspirura mansoni)(尖旋尾线虫属(Oxyspirura))、狼旋尾线虫(Spirocerca lupi)(旋尾线虫属(Spirocerca))、美丽筒线虫(Gongylonema pulchrum)(筒线虫属(Gongylonema))、大口德拉西线虫(Draschiamegastoma)(德拉西线虫属(Draschia))、小口微胃线虫(Habronema microstoma)(胃线虫属(Habronema))、猪胃虫(Ascarops strongylina)(蛔虫属(Ascarops))、包皮泡翼线虫(Physaloptera praeputialis)(泡翼线虫属(Physaloptera))、棘颚口线虫(Gnathostomaspinigerum)(颚口线虫属(Gnathostoma))等)、丝虫科(例如,犬恶丝虫(Dirofilariaimmitis)(恶丝虫属(Dirofilaria))、马丝状线虫(Setaria equina)(丝状属(Setaria))、棘唇线虫属(Dipetalonema)、多乳突副丝虫(Parafilaria multipapillosa)(副丝虫属(Parafilaria))、马颈盘尾丝虫(Onchocerca cervicalis)(盘尾属(Onchocerca))等)、和嘴刺目(例如,牛副丝虫(Parafilaria bovicola)(副丝虫属(Parafilaria))、冲绳冠丝虫(Stephanofilaria okinawaensis)(冠丝虫属(Stephanofilaria))、狐毛首线虫(Trichuris vulpis)(鞭虫属(Trichuris))、牛毛细线虫(Capillaria bovis)(毛细线虫属(Capillaria))、粗尾似毛体线虫(Trichosomoides crassicauda)(拟毛体线虫属(Trichosomoides))、旋毛虫(Trichinella spiralis)(旋毛虫属(Trichinella))、肾膨结线虫(Dioctophyma renale)(膨结线虫属(Dioctophyma))等);吸虫纲如片虫科(例如,肝片吸虫(Fasciola hepatica)(片吸虫属(Fasciola)),布氏姜片虫(Fasciolopsis buski)(姜片虫属(Fasciolopsis))等)、前后盘科(例如,野牛平腹吸虫(Homalogaster paloniae)(平腹属(Homalogaster))等)、二腔吸虫类(例如,胰阔盘吸虫(Eurytrema pancreaticum)(阔盘吸虫属(Eurytrema))、枪状双腔吸虫(Dicrocoelium dendriticum)(双腔吸虫属(Dicrocoelium))等)、重口吸虫类(例如,咽口属吸虫类(咽口属(Pharyngostomum))、重翼吸虫属(Alaria)等)、棘口吸虫类(例如,圆圃棘口吸虫(Echinostoma hortense)(棘口吸虫属(Echinostoma)),棘隙吸虫属(Echinochasmus)等)、Troglotrematoide(例如,肺吸虫(并殖吸虫属(Paragonimus))、鲑隐孔吸虫(Nanophyetus salmincola)(侏形吸虫属(Nanophyetus))等)、后睾科(例如,华枝睾吸虫(Clonorchis sinensis)(支睾吸虫属(Clonorchis))等)、异形科(例如,异形吸虫(Heterophyes heterophyes)(异形吸虫属(Heterophyes))、横川后殖吸虫(Metagonimus yokogawai)(后殖吸虫属(Metagonimus))等)、斜睾目(例如,卵圆前殖吸虫(Prosthogonimus ovatus)(前殖吸虫属(Prosthogonimus))等),和分体科(例如,日本血吸虫(Schistosoma japonicum)(血吸虫属(Schistosoma))等);绦虫纲如假叶目(例如,日本海裂头条虫(裂头属(Diphyllobothrium))、蛮氏迭宫绦虫(Spirometra erinacei)(迭宫绦虫属(Spirometra))等)、和圆叶目(例如,叶形裸头绦虫(Anoplocephala perfoliata)(裸头绦虫属(Anoplocephala))、侏儒副裸头绦虫(副裸头绦虫属(Paranoplocephala)),本氏蒙尼茨绦虫(Moniezia benedeni)(莫尼茨绦虫属(Moniezia))、犬复孔绦虫(Dipylidium caninum)(复孔绦虫属(Dipylidium))、线中殖孔绦虫(Mesocestoides lineatus)(中殖孔属(Mesocestoides)),豆状带绦虫(Taenia pisiformis)和水泡带绦虫(Taenia hydatigena)(带绦虫属(Taenia))、带状泡尾绦虫(Hydatigera taeniaeformis)(泡尾带属(Hydatigera))、多头绦虫(Multiceps multiceps)(多头绦虫属(Multiceps))、细粒棘球绦虫(Echinococcus granulosus)(棘球属(Echinococcus))、多房棘球绦虫(Echinococcusmultilocularis)(棘球属(Echinococcus))、猪肉绦虫(Taenia solium)(绦虫属(Taenia))、肥胖带吻绦虫(Taeniarhynchus saginatus)(带吻绦虫属(Taeniarhynchus))、长膜壳绦虫(Hymenolepis diminuta)(膜壳绦虫属(Hymenolepis))、微小膜壳绦虫(小形绦虫(Vampirolepis))、四角瑞立绦虫(Raillietina tetragona)(瑞立绦虫属(Raillietina))、楔状绦虫类(变形带绦虫属(Amoebotaenia))等);棘头纲如猪巨吻棘头虫(Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus)(巨吻棘虫属(Macracanthorhynchus))和念珠棘头虫(Moniliformis moniliformis)(念珠棘头虫属(Moniliformis));舌形虫纲如锯齿状舌形虫(Linguatula serrata)(舌形虫属(Linguatula));和其他各种寄生虫。
在不同的命名中,蠕虫的实例包括但不限于:线虫纲,如嘴刺目(例如,鞭虫属(Trichuris spp.)、毛细线虫属(Capillaria spp.)、Trichomosoides属、毛线虫属(Trichinella spp.)等)、小杆目纲(例如,细丝鲶属(Micronema spp.)、类圆线虫属(Strongyloides spp.)等)、圆线虫目(例如,圆线虫属(Strongylus spp.)、三齿属(Triodontophorus spp.)、食道齿属(Oesophagodontus spp.)、毛线属(Trichonemaspp.)、似六齿线虫属(Gyalocephalus spp.)、Cylindropharynx属、柱咽线虫属(Poteriostomum spp.)、Cyclococercus属、杯冠线虫属(Cylicostephanus spp.)、结节线虫属(Oesophagostomum spp.)、夏伯特线虫属(Chabertia spp.)、冠线虫属(Stephanurusspp.)、钩虫线虫属(Ancylostoma spp.)、弯口线虫属(Uncinaria spp.)、仰口线虫属(Bunostomum spp.)、球头线虫属(Globocephalus spp.)、比翼线虫属(Syngamus spp.)、杯口线虫属(Cyathostoma spp.)、后圆线虫属(Metastrongylus spp.)、网尾线虫属(Dictyocaulus spp.)、缪勒线虫属(Muellerius spp.)、原圆线虫属(Protostrongylusspp.)、新圆线虫属(Neostrongylus spp.)、囊尾线虫属(Cystocaulus spp.)、肺圆线虫属(Pneumostrongylus spp.)、锐尾线虫属(Spicocaulus spp.)、鹿圆线虫属(Elaphostrongylus spp.)、副鹿圆线虫属(Parelaphostrongylus spp.)、环体线虫属(Crenosoma spp.)、副环体线虫属(Paracrenosoma)、血管圆线虫属(Angiostrongylusspp.)、猫圆线虫属(Aelurostrongylus spp.)、类丝虫属(Filaroides spp.)、副类丝虫属(Parafilaroides spp.)、毛圆线虫属(Trichostrongylus spp.)、血矛线虫属(Haemonchusspp.)、胃线虫属(Ostertagia spp.)、马歇尔线虫属(Marshallagia spp.)、古柏线虫属(Cooperia spp.)、细颈线虫属(Nematodirus spp.)、猪圆形线虫属(Hyostrongylusspp.)、尖柱线虫属(Obeliscoides spp.)、裂口线虫属(Amidostomum spp.)、沃鲁线虫属(Ollulanus spp.)等)、
蛲虫目(例如,尖尾线虫属(Oxyuris spp.)、蛲虫属(Enterobius spp.)、栓尾线虫属(Passalurus spp.)、管状线虫属(Syphacia spp.)、无刺线虫属(Aspiculuris spp.)、异刺线虫属(Heterakis spp.)等)、蛔虫目(例如,蛔虫属(Ascaris spp.)、弓蛔线虫属(Toxascaris spp.)、弓蛔虫属(Toxocara spp.)、副蛔虫属(Parascaris spp.)、异尖线虫属(Anisakis spp.)、鸡蛔虫属(Ascaridia spp.)等)、旋尾目(例如,颚口属(Gnathostomaspp.)、泡翼属(Physaloptera spp.)、吸吮线虫属(Thelazia spp.)、筒线虫属(Gongylonema spp.)、丽线虫属(Habronema spp.)、副柔线属(Parabronema spp.)属、德拉西线虫属(Draschia spp.)、龙线虫属(Dracunculus spp.)等)、和丝虫科(例如冠丝虫属(Stephanofilaria spp.)、副丝虫属(Parafilaria spp.)、狗尾草属(Setaria spp.)、罗阿丝虫属(Loa spp.)、恶丝虫属(Dirofilaria spp.)、光丝虫属(Litomosoides spp.)、布鲁丝虫属(Brugia spp.)、吴策线虫属(Wuchereria spp.)、盘尾丝虫属(Onchocerca spp.)等);
棘头纲(例如,细颈棘头虫属(Filicollis spp.)、念珠棘头虫属(Moniliformisspp.)、巨吻棘头虫属(Macracanthorhynchus spp.)、前睾棘头虫属(Prosthenorchisspp.)等);吸虫纲,包括亚纲,如单殖亚纲(例如,三代虫属(Gyrodactylus spp.)、指环属(Dactylogyrus spp.)、多盘吸虫属(Polystoma spp.)等)和复殖亚纲(例如,双穴吸虫属(Diplostomum spp.)、茎双穴吸虫属(Posthodiplostomum spp.)、血吸虫属(Schistosomaspp.)、毛血吸虫属(Trichobilharzia spp.)、Ornithbilharzia属、澳毕吸虫属(Austrobilharzia spp.)、巨毕吸虫属(Gigantobilharzia spp.)、彩蚴吸虫属(Leucochloridium spp.)、短咽类吸虫属(Brachylaima)、棘口吸虫属(Echinostomaspp.)、棘缘吸虫属(Echinoparyphium spp.)、棘隙吸虫属(Echinochasmus spp.)、低颈属(Hypoderaeum spp.)、片形吸虫属(Fasciola spp.)、拟片吸虫属(Fascioloides spp.)、姜片虫属(Fasciolopsis spp.)、环腔吸虫属(Cyclocoelum spp.)、盲腔吸虫属(Typhlocoelum spp.)、同盘吸虫属(Paramphistomum spp.)、杯殖吸虫属(Calicophoronspp.)、殖盘吸虫属(Cotylophoron spp.)、Gigantoctyle属、菲策吸虫属(Fischoederiusspp.)、腹袋吸虫属(Gastrothylacus)、背孔吸虫属(Notocotylus spp.)、下弯吸虫属(Catatropis spp.)、斜睾属(Plagiorchis spp.)、前殖属(Prosthogonimus spp.)、双腔吸虫属(Dicrocoelium spp.)、阔盘吸虫属(Eurytema spp.)、隐孔吸虫属(Troglotremaspp.)、并殖吸虫属(Paragonimus spp.)、豆形肛瘤吸虫属(Collyriclum spp.)、侏形吸虫属(Nanophyetus spp.)、后睾吸虫属(Opisthorchis spp.)、支睾吸虫属(Clonorchisspp.)、次睾吸虫属(Metorchis spp.)、异形吸虫属(Heterophyes spp.)、后殖吸虫属(Metagonimus spp.)等);
绦虫纲如假叶目(例如,裂头属(Diphyllobothrium spp.)、迭宫绦虫属(Spirometra spp.)、裂头绦虫属(Schistocephalus spp.)、舌状绦虫属(Ligula spp.)、吸叶绦虫属(Bothridium spp.)、大复殖孔绦虫属(Diplogonoporus spp.)等)、和圆叶目(例如,中殖孔属(Mesocestoides spp.)、裸头绦虫属(Anoplocephala spp.)、副裸头绦虫属(Paranoplocephala spp.)、莫尼茨属(Moniezia spp.)、燧体绦虫属(Thysanosomsaspp.)、曲子宫绦虫属(Thysaniezia spp.)、无卵黄腺属(Avitellina spp.)、斯泰勒绦虫属(Stilesia spp.)、鸣绦虫属(Cittotaenia spp.)、Andyra属、伯特绦虫属(Bertiellaspp.)、带绦虫属(Taenia spp.)、棘球绦虫属(Echinococcus spp.)、泡尾带属(Hydatigeraspp.)、戴文氏绦虫属(Davainea spp.)、瑞立绦虫属(Raillietina spp.)、膜壳绦虫属(Hymenolepis spp.)、棘鳞绦虫属(Echinolepis spp.)、棘叶绦虫属(Echinocotylespp.)、两睾绦虫属(Diorchis spp.)、复孔属(Dipylidium spp.)、约优克斯绦虫属(Joyeuxiella spp.)、复孔绦虫属(Diplopylidium spp.)等);和包括属于棘头纲和舌形虫纲的寄生虫的其他蠕虫。
鱼寄生虫的实例包括:皮肤寄生虫如新贝尼登虫(Neobenedenia girellae)、本尼登虫(Benedenia seriolae)、Benedenia sekii、Benedenia hoshinai、Benedeniaepinepheli、Benedenia girellae、Anoplodiscus tai sp.nov.、鲷裸盘虫(Anoplodiscusspari)、纳兰得鱼虱(Caligus lalandei)、Caligus longipedis和河豚假鱼虱(Pseudocaligus fugu);和鳃寄生虫如异尾异斧虫(Heteraxine heterocerca)、日本轭联虫(Zeuxapta japonica)、真鲷双阴道虫(Bivagina tai)、Heterobothrium okamotoi、鲀异沟虫(Heterobothrium tetrodonis)、新异钩盘虫(Neoheterobothrium hirame)和Caligusspinosus。还包括指环虫属(Dactylogyrus)、伪指环虫属(Pseudodactylogyrus)、四钩虫属(Tetraonchus)、三代虫属(Gyrodactylus)、贝尼登虫属(Benedenia)、新贝尼登虫属(Neobenedenia)和鲷裸盘虫属(Anoplodiscus);多后盘目如微杯虫属(Microcotyle)、双阴道虫属(Bivagina)、异斧虫属(Heteraxine)、异沟盘虫属(Heterobothrium)、新异沟盘虫属(Neoheterobothrium)和真双身虫属(Eudiplozoon);吸虫纲如双穴吸虫属(Diplostomum)、Galactosomum和Paradeontacylix;和绦虫纲如裂头绦虫属(Bothriocephalus)和变头绦虫属(Proteocephalus)。还包括线虫纲如Anguillicoloides、嗜子宫线虫(Philometra)和嗜子宫线虫属(Philometroides);棘头纲如棘头虫属(Acanthocephalus)和长颈棘头虫属(Longicollum);双壳纲(软体动物门的纲)如珍珠蚌(Margaritifera);蛭纲(环节动物门的纲)如湖蛭属(Limnotrachelobdella);以及甲壳纲(节肢动物门的亚门)如鱯属(Ergasilus)、锚头鱼蚤属(Lernaea)、鱼虱(Caligus)、鱼虱属(Argulus)、Bromolochus、Chondrocaushus、疮痂鱼虱(Lepeophtheirus)(例如,鲑鱼海虱(L.salmonis)等)、Elythrophora、Dichelestinum、Lamproglenz、哈鱼虱属(Hatschekia)、Legosphilus、扁隆头鱼属(Symphodus)、Ceudrolasus、Pseudoscymnus、角锚鱼虱属(Lernaeocera)、羽肢鱼虱属(Pennella)、Achthales、吊挂颚虱属(Basanistes)、Salmincola、臂颚虱属(Brachiella)、近臂颚虱属(Epibrachiella)和拟马颈颚虱属(Pseudotracheliastes)。另外包括鱼蚤科、Bromolochidae、软刺鳋科、鱼虱科、管口水蚤科(Dichelestiidae)、Phylichthyidae、伪鱼虱科、鲻头鳋科、颚虱科、锤虱科、沫蝉科、桡足科(例如,剑水蚤属(Cyclops)、鱼虱等)、包括鱼虱科(Argulidae)的鲤虱(Branchiuriae)(鲤鱼虱),所述鱼虱科包含鱼虱属(Argulus)、蔓足属(例如,蔓足类、藤壶等)和Ceratothoa gaudichaudii属。另外包括纤毛亚门如白点病的病原体(白点虫(Ichthyophthirius multifiliis)和刺激隐核虫(Cryptocaryon irritans))、车轮虫属(Trichodina)、斜管虫属(Chilodonella)、属于动基片纲的布鲁克原虫(Brooklynella hostilis)、和纤毛虫(海洋尾丝虫(Uronemamarinum)、盾纤虫(Philasterides dicentrarchi)、贪食迈阿密虫(Miamiensis avidus)、暗尾丝虫(Uronema nigricans)和尾丝藻属(Uronema))。
本发明的体内寄生虫防治剂不仅对活在中介或最终宿主体内的寄生虫是有效的,而且对生活在保虫宿主体内的寄生虫是有效的。由通式(I)表示的羧酰胺衍生物在寄生虫的每一个发展阶段都是有效的。例如,在原虫类的情况中,所述化合物对以下是有效的:它们的包囊、包囊前期形式和滋养体;无性繁殖阶段的裂殖体和变形体形式;有性生殖阶段的配子体、配子和受精卵;孢子体等。在线虫类的情况中,所述化合物对于它们的卵、幼体和成体是有效的。本发明的化合物不仅能够驱除生命体内的寄生虫,而且甚至可以通过应用到作为感染途径的环境中而预防寄生感染。例如,可以预防以下发生:土壤传播的感染,即来自农地和公园土壤的感染;来自在河、湖、沼泽、稻田等中的水的经皮感染;来自动物如狗和猫的粪便的经口感染;来自盐水鱼、淡水鱼、甲壳动物、贝类动物、家畜的生肉等的经口感染;来自蚊子、牛虻、苍蝇、蟑螂、螨虫、跳蚤、虱子、猎蝽、恙螨等的感染等。
本发明的体内寄生虫防治剂可以作为用于治疗或预防在人类、非人类哺乳动物或鸟类物种和鱼类的动物中的寄生虫病的药物来给药。给药方式可以是口服或肠道外给药。在口服给药的情况中,本发明的体内寄生虫防治剂可以例如作为胶囊、片剂、丸剂、粉剂、颗粒剂、细颗粒剂、粉剂、糖浆、肠衣片、混悬剂或糊剂而给药,或混合在给动物的液体饮料或饲料中后给药。在肠道外给药的情况中,本发明的体内寄生虫防治剂可以以使得持续的粘膜或经皮吸收的剂型给药,所述型例如为注射剂、点滴剂、栓剂、乳剂、混悬剂、滴剂、软膏剂、霜剂、液剂、洗剂、喷剂、喷雾剂、糊剂或贴片。
在其中将本发明的体内寄生虫防治剂用作人类、非人类哺乳动物或鸟类物种和鱼类用药物的情况中,活性成分的最佳量(有效量)随着目的(治疗或预防)、感染寄生虫的种类、感染的类型和严重程度、剂型等而改变,但是一般来讲,口服日剂量在约0.0001~10000mg/kg体重的范围内且肠道外日剂量在约0.0001~10000mg/kg体重的范围内,而且这样的剂量可以作为单次剂量或多次剂量给药。
本发明的体内寄生虫防治剂中活性成分的浓度一般为约0.001~100质量%,优选约0.001~99质量%,且更优选约0.005~20质量%。本发明的体内寄生虫防治剂可以是能够直接给药的组合物,或在稀释至合适浓度后用来给药的高浓度组合物。
为了加强或补充本发明的体内寄生虫防治剂的效果,与任何现有体内寄生虫防治剂的组合使用是可能的。在这样的组合使用中,可以在给药前将两种以上活性成分进行混合并配制成制剂,或两种以上不同的制剂可以单独给药。
实施例
接下来,将通过本发明的体内寄生虫防治剂的制剂例和试验例对本发明进行详细地说明,但是本发明的范围不受下面的对本发明进行例和试验例的限制。在实施例中,“份”指的是重量份。
制剂例1(乳剂)
将10份由通式(I)表示的羧酰胺衍生物、6份Sorpol 355S(表面活性剂,由Toho化学工业制造)和84份Solvesso 150(由Exxon制造)利用搅拌均匀地混合以得到乳剂。
制剂例2(软膏)
将1份由通式(I)表示的羧酰胺衍生物、50份白蜂蜡和49份的白凡士林充分地混合以得到软膏。
制剂例3(片剂)
将2份由通式(I)表示的羧酰胺衍生物、10份植物油(橄榄油)、3份结晶纤维素、20份白碳黑和65份高岭土充分地混合并压制成片剂。
制剂例4(注射剂)
将10份由通式(I)表示的羧酰胺衍生物、10份食品添加剂用丙二醇和80份植物油(玉米油)混合以得到注射剂。
制剂例5(液剂)
将5份由通式(I)表示的羧酰胺衍生物、20份表面活性剂和75份离子交换水充分地混合以得到溶剂。
试验例1(对猪蛔虫琥珀酸-泛醌还原酶(线粒体复合物II)的抑制活性的体外测试)
向含有50mM磷酸钾(pH 7.4)和0.1%(w/v)蔗糖月桂酸酯的溶液中添加作为电子受体的泛醌-2(UQ2)以使最终的浓度为60μM,使混合物在25℃下静置20分钟。向其加入氰化钾(最终浓度:2mM)和由猪蛔虫的成虫的肌肉制备的线粒体,并完成充分地混合。向该混合物的等分试样中,以各种浓度添加要测试的抑制剂,并且使混合物在25℃下静置3分钟。通过添加丁二酸钾(最终浓度:10mM)开始酶反应。基于测量的UQ2(ε=1.5×104M-1cm-1)在278nm处的吸收变化计算酶活性,从抑制百分比对抑制剂浓度的曲线确定IC50。结果示于表2中。
表2
从表2的结果中清楚可见,由通式(I)表示的羧酰胺衍生物和其盐对于寄生琥珀酸-泛醌还原酶(线粒体复合物II)(IC50值:1.2~260nM)显示强的抑制活性。因此,羧酰胺衍生物和其盐在寄生虫防治中是高度有效的。
试验例2(对血矛线虫的在体内的活性测试)
在96-孔板中,维持每孔中的20个L1-阶段幼虫(捻转血茅线虫)使得它们能够自由移动,将在预定浓度溶于DMSO(DMSO的最终浓度为0.78%(v/v))中的本发明的化合物的溶液以0.5μl/孔添加到各个孔。将板在27℃/95%RH的条件下维持4天。检查幼虫的移动能力并确定抑制移动能力50%所需的浓度(EC50)。基于EC50值,对抗血矛线虫活性根据下面所示的标准进行分级。结果示于表3中。
分级标准
A:EC50值低于0.5ppm。
B:EC50值为0.5ppm以上但低于5ppm。
C:EC50值为5ppm以上。
表3
化合物编号 等级 化合物编号 等级
1 A 24 A
2 A 25 B
3 A 26 A
4 A 27 B
5 A 28 A
7 A 32 A
10 B 36 A
23 A - -
从表3的结果中清楚可见,在使用血矛线虫的体内试验中,由通式(I)表示的羧酰胺衍生物和其盐分级为B以上。因此,羧酰胺衍生物和其盐在寄生虫防治中也具有强和高的体内活性。

Claims (6)

1.作为活性成分的羧酰胺衍生物或其盐在制备用于防治体内寄生虫的体内寄生虫防治剂中的应用,其特征在于,将有效量的所述体内寄生虫防治剂口服或肠道外给药到非人类哺乳动物或鸟类,
所述羧酰胺衍生物由通式(I)表示:
其中各个X可以相同或不同,并表示卤素原子;(C1-C6)烷基;卤代(C1-C6)烷基;(C1-C6)烷氧基;卤代(C1-C6)烷氧基;(C1-C6)烷硫基;或卤代(C1-C6)烷硫基,
m表示1或2的整数,
A表示C2亚烷基;或取代C2亚烷基,其具有一个以上的(C1-C6)烷基,条件是C2亚烷基和取代C2亚烷基可通过将选自-O-和-N(R)-中的至少一个基团并入碳链而被改性,其中R表示氢原子,
E表示氢原子;(C1-C6)烷基;(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷基;(C1-C6)烷基羰基;或(C1-C6)烷氧基羰基,以及
B表示由下列B5或B6表示的部分中的任意一个:
其中各个Y可以相同或不同,并表示卤素原子;氰基;硝基;羟基;(C1-C6)烷基;卤代(C1-C6)烷基;(C2-C6)烯基;卤代(C2-C6)烯基;(C2-C6)炔基;卤代(C2-C6)炔基;(C1-C6)烷氧基;卤代(C1-C6)烷氧基;(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷氧基;(C2-C6)烯氧基;卤代(C2-C6)烯氧基;(C2-C6)炔氧基;卤代(C2-C6)炔氧基;(C1-C6)烷硫基;卤代(C1-C6)烷硫基;(C1-C6)烷基亚磺酰基;卤代(C1-C6)烷基亚磺酰基;(C1-C6)烷基磺酰基;卤代(C1-C6)烷基磺酰基;(C1-C6)烷氧基羰基;(C1-C6)烷氧基亚氨基(C1-C3)烷基;(C3-C30)三烷基甲硅烷基;单(C1-C6)烷基磺酰基氨基;单卤代(C1-C6)烷基磺酰基氨基;苯基;在环上具有选自Z取代基组中的一个以上取代基的取代苯基;苯氧基;在环上具有选自Z取代基组中的一个以上取代基的取代苯氧基;杂环基;在环上具有选自Z取代基组中的一个以上取代基的取代杂环基;杂环氧基;或在环上具有选自Z取代基组中的一个以上取代基的取代杂环氧基,
Z取代基组为卤素原子;氰基;硝基;(C1-C6)烷基;卤代(C1-C6)烷基;(C2-C6)烯基;卤代(C2-C6)烯基;(C2-C6)炔基;卤代(C2-C6)炔基;(C1-C6)烷氧基;卤代(C1-C6)烷氧基;(C2-C6)烯氧基;卤代(C2-C6)烯氧基;(C2-C6)炔氧基;卤代(C2-C6)炔氧基;(C1-C6)烷硫基;卤代(C1-C6)烷硫基;(C1-C6)烷基亚磺酰基;卤代(C1-C6)烷基亚磺酰基;(C1-C6)烷基磺酰基;卤代(C1-C6)烷基磺酰基;(C1-C6)烷氧基羰基;和(C1-C6)烷氧基亚氨基(C1-C3)烷基,
Y1表示(C1-C6)烷基,
n表示1~3的整数,且
在各个环上的编号表示环能被Y取代的位置,且从各个环延伸的自由键是A和B之间的键。
2.根据权利要求1的应用,其中B为B5。
3.根据权利要求1的应用,其中各个X可以相同或不同,且为卤素原子;(C1-C6)烷基;或卤代(C1-C6)烷基,
m为1或2,
A为C2亚烷基;或由(C1-C6)烷基取代的C2亚烷基,
E为氢原子,
B为B5,
各个Y可以相同或不同,且为卤素原子;或卤代(C1-C6)烷基,且
n为1~3的整数。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项的应用,其中将所述体内寄生虫防治剂口服或肠道外给药到非人类哺乳动物。
5.根据权利要求4的应用,其中所述非人类哺乳动物是家畜。
6.根据权利要求1的应用,其中A表示由下列A3或A6表示的部分:
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US10017490B2 (en) 2018-07-10
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CN104582696A (zh) 2015-04-29
US20150259322A1 (en) 2015-09-17
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