CN104296609B - Containing the controlled blasting method of different hardness rock stratum in Deep hole bench balsting - Google Patents
Containing the controlled blasting method of different hardness rock stratum in Deep hole bench balsting Download PDFInfo
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- CN104296609B CN104296609B CN201410414296.1A CN201410414296A CN104296609B CN 104296609 B CN104296609 B CN 104296609B CN 201410414296 A CN201410414296 A CN 201410414296A CN 104296609 B CN104296609 B CN 104296609B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of controlled blasting method containing different hardness rock stratum in Deep hole bench balsting.By position and the quantity of Fine design fire point, or Multi-point simultaneous initiation is adopted at 2 in drillhole blasting design, utilize detonation wave normal impact to improve the pressure of wave surface, thus concentrate hard tough shooting rock stratum, local in the broken big gun hole of energy, the explosion of different solid rock layer in Deep hole bench balsting can be solved, decrease the boulder yield of competent bed explosion, and improve the security of initiation net, efficient quick, is convenient to rapid construction.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to controlled blasting method and technology field, the controlled blasting method of different hardness rock stratum is contained specifically in a kind of Deep hole bench balsting, be applicable to have along big gun hole axial direction the Deep hole bench balsting carried out in the rock stratum of some different hardness, concentrate hard tough shooting rock stratum, local in the broken big gun hole of energy.
Background technology
In recent years, along with updating of gun drilling equipment and loading conveyor tool, Deep hole bench balsting unit boring amount is little and explosive specific charge is low, production efficiency is high and be convenient to adopt the superiority of the aspects such as comprehensive mechanization construction to be day by day subject to people's attention, and Deep hole bench balsting is used in slope excavating, mining and foundation excavation more and more widely.When column charge, the position of fire point and quantity determine detonation direction of wave travel and demolition effect to a certain extent.But in Long-hole Bench Blasting, big gun aperture often can pass the hardness various rocks different with structure, and tomography, crushed zone, soft layer etc.Such as, in iron ore exploitation, iron ore rock stratum concentrates on certain one deck in the middle part of big gun hole usually, and the intensity of this one deck ore deposit rock is very high, this layer be the relatively weak common rocks of intensity up and down.If adopt traditional single fire point to detonate (direct initiation, indirect initiation, centre detonate), the energy of explosive detonation ripple often concentrates at the bottom of hole, near aperture or fire point, consequently competent bed is not by abundant fragmentation, cause boulder yield too high, the rock stratum of contrary weakness, but by overcrushing, wastes a large amount of explosive energy.Visible, traditional single-point detonation mode is often difficult to reach desirable crushing effect, the propagation of explosion process of powder column even may be made to be adversely affected and cause putting out quick-fried.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the defect of prior art, propose a kind of controlled blasting method containing different hardness rock stratum in Deep hole bench balsting, utilize detonation wave normal impact to improve the pressure of wave surface, powder column 2 or Multi-point simultaneous initiation is adopted in drillhole blasting design, synchronous detonation makes the shock wave of booster gains to converging near the point of impingement, superposing, thus greatly increase local assault wave pressure, make detonation wave collide the rock breaking capacity improving local artificially.
According to detonation waves, after large detonation wave generation normal impact in opposite directions such as two grades, reflected-shock wave pressure is
The density of reflected shock wave is
With in above formula, P
cJ, ρ
cJbe respectively the detonation pressure under C-J state, density, k is the adiabatic exponent of detonation product.
Under normal circumstances, the adiabatic exponent k of detonation product gets 3, so has
Reflected-shock wave pressure is P
2=2.39P
cJ
The density of reflected shock wave is ρ
2=1.32 ρ
cJ
Above theory analysis shows, after the detonation wave generation normal impact of intensity, make high pressure detonation product be subject to further compression, its pressure is increased to 2.39 times of C-J detonation pressure, and detonation product density is increased to original 1.32 times.Visible, detonation wave normal impact can be made full use of to improve the pressure of wave surface, in drillhole blasting design, adopt powder column 2 or Multi-point simultaneous initiation, utilize detonation wave to collide the rock breaking capacity improving local artificially.
Containing the controlled blasting method of different hardness rock stratum in Deep hole bench balsting of the present invention, comprise the steps:
1, blast hole is drilled with, to rock dust, landwaste with enter drilling speed degree and observe and record;
2, by early stage to rock dust, landwaste and the record entering drilling speed degree, according to these indexs differentiate hole pass through rock stratum, ore body and correlation thereof and thickness, draw the rock stratum distribution map vertically of big gun hole through region;
3, according to step 2 draw rock stratum distribution map and to make rational planning for the number of fire point and position, when there is n layer competent bed middle part vertically, big gun hole (n≤3, n is integer), arrange n+1 fire point in this competent bed bilateral symmetry; Because the blast hole depth of usual Deep hole bench balsting is generally at 8-20 rice, seldom have more than 20 meters, so big gun hole generally can not through the competent bed of more than 3; In addition, for the hard formation (thickness is less than 15cm) of very thin thickness, negligible, this layer is put under soft rock or secondary hard formation processes;
4, powder charge, arranges detonating capsule, and blocking, controls each fire point and detonate simultaneously.
The advantage of the controlled blasting method containing different hardness rock stratum in Deep hole bench balsting of the present invention is:
1) technological means of traditional acquisition formation geology information beats geology to bore, but geology rig is bulky, and operation is wasted time and energy, and boring coverage rate is little, and cost is high.The application bores without the need to additionally adopting geology, directly utilize some information of hidden hole drilling poration process (rock dust, landwaste and enter drilling speed degree), just can judge the distribution of rock stratum, and due to the number of the boring hole in burst region many, the accuracy of the rock stratum distribution map of a large amount of big gun holes data plotting apparently higher than the geotechnical boring of only a few, such accelerating construction progress;
2) position by Fine design fire point and quantity is only needed, just adjustable explosive is along the Energy distribution of big gun hole axis, concentrates hard tough shooting rock stratum, local in the broken big gun hole of energy, efficient quick, reduce the boulder yield of competent bed, decrease the cost of second-time breakage and consuming time;
3) compared with the detonation mode of traditional single fire point, 2 can improve the security of initiation net with the mode of Multi-point simultaneous initiation, can effectively avoid powder column be adversely affected in propagation of explosion process and cause putting out quick-fried phenomenon.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that middle part vertically, big gun hole has fire point during one deck competent bed to arrange schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is that middle part vertically, big gun hole has fire point during two-layer competent bed to arrange schematic diagram.
In figure, 1 is soft rock or secondary hard formation; 2 is competent bed; 3 is detonator; 4 is blocking section; 5 is detonating capsule; 6 is explosive.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described.
Embodiment one
As shown in Figure 1, there is one deck competent bed middle part vertically, big gun hole, arranges the situation of two fire points.
Certain rock carries out Exploitation in grade burden, and building stones field material source lithology is basalt, and part is granite, and basalt rock is weak weathering, and in the middle part of rock mass, the degree of depth is that 4 ~ 6m place has a layer thickness to be about the hard sial of 2.0m, and this rock stratum rock matter densification is hard.Blasthole diameter 100mm, blast hole depth 10m, stemming length 1.0m, pitch of holes is 2.5m, array pitch 2.2m, adopts mixed explosive coupling charging.
Specifically comprise the steps:
1, cloth hole, boring, to rock dust, landwaste with enter drilling speed degree and observe and record.
In the stock ground rock mass needing Blasting Excavation, labor cleaning is carried out to big gun bore region, and blows face with high-pressure air hose, in quick-fried district, carry out cloth hole, big gun hole in strict accordance with explosion design.Bore blast hole to be of a size of: blasthole diameter 100mm, blast hole depth 10m, pitch of holes is 2.5m, array pitch 2.2m.In hidden hole drilling boring procedure, the rock dust produced when drilling depth is entered to difference, landwaste and enter drilling speed degree and observe, and carry out record in time.
2, the rock stratum distribution map of big gun hole through region is drawn.
By early stage to rock dust, landwaste and the record entering drilling speed degree, draw the rock stratum distribution map of big gun hole through region.When holing into brill 0 ~ 4m, it is comparatively easy to enter to bore, and illustrates that this layer of rock strength is general; When being bored into 4 ~ 6m, find obviously to slow into brill, landwaste color has significant change.Enter to get into 6m to find to be easier to into brill ratio later, similar when landwaste color and 0 ~ 4m degree of depth.Above record declaration, has a competent bed at 4 ~ 6m place, and 0 ~ 4m and 6 ~ 10m place rock relative intensity lower.Then the rock stratum distribution map vertically of big gun hole through region is drawn according to these indexs.
3, according to step 2 draw rock stratum distribution map and to make rational planning for the number of fire point and position.
Can arrange 2 fire points in this competent bed bilateral symmetry, the position of two fire points can be arranged in distance aperture 2.0m and 8.0m place.
4, powder charge, arranges detonating capsule, and blocking, detonates.
In big gun hole, inject explosive, simultaneously arrange detonating capsule according to the planning fire point position of step 3 and quantity, detonating capsule can adopt electric detonator or high accuracy non-electrical plastics to lead quick-fried detonator, to guarantee that each fire point detonates simultaneously.After powder charge completes, block aperture with stemming, check blasting circuit, detonate after confirming safety.
Embodiment two
As shown in Figure 2, there is two-layer competent bed middle part vertically, big gun hole, arranges the situation of three fire points.
The mine tailing of certain copper mine carries out blasting excavation, and mine tailing mining site has two-layer copper mine vein, and be 6.0 ~ 8.5m place and 12.5 ~ 15.5m place in the degree of depth respectively, copper mine intensity is high, and other rocks are the more weak diabase of intensity.Blasthole diameter 120mm, blast hole depth 20.0m, stemming length 2.0m, pitch of holes is 4.0m,
Array pitch 3.2m, adopts mixed explosive coupling charging.
Specifically comprise the steps:
1, cloth hole, boring, to rock dust, landwaste with enter drilling speed degree and observe and record.
Carry out labor cleaning to by burst region, and blow face with high-pressure air hose, in quick-fried district, carry out cloth hole, big gun hole in strict accordance with explosion design.Bore blast hole to be of a size of: blasthole diameter 120mm, blast hole depth 20.0m, stemming length 2.0m, pitch of holes is 4.0m, array pitch 3.2m.In hidden hole drilling boring procedure, the rock dust produced when drilling depth is entered to difference, landwaste and enter drilling speed degree and observe, and carry out record in time.
2, the rock stratum distribution map of big gun hole through region is drawn.
By early stage to rock dust, landwaste and the record entering drilling speed degree, draw the rock stratum distribution map of big gun hole through region.When holing into brill 0 ~ 6.0m, it is comparatively easy to enter to bore; When being bored into 6.0 ~ 8.5m, find obviously to slow into brill, landwaste color has obvious metallic luster; Enter to bore than being easier between 8.5 ~ 12.5m, similar when landwaste color and 0 ~ 6.0m degree of depth; Enter to bore significant difficulties between 12.5 ~ 15.5m, landwaste has metallic luster; Enter to bore than being easier between 15.5 ~ 20.0m.Above record declaration, has two-layer hard copper mine vein between about 6.0 ~ 8.5m and 12.5 ~ 15.5m.Then the rock stratum distribution map vertically of big gun hole through region is drawn according to these indexs.
3, according to step 2 draw rock stratum distribution map and to make rational planning for the number of fire point and position.
There are 2 layers of competent bed middle part vertically, big gun hole, and need layout 3 fire points, each competent bed is positioned at the centre position of adjacent two fire points as far as possible, and the position of 3 fire points can be arranged in distance 4.0m, 10.5m and 17.5m place, aperture.
4, powder charge, arranges detonating capsule, and blocking, detonates.
In big gun hole, inject explosive, simultaneously arrange detonating capsule according to the planning fire point position of step 3 and quantity, detonating capsule can adopt electric detonator or high accuracy non-electrical plastics to lead quick-fried detonator, to guarantee that each fire point detonates simultaneously.After powder charge completes, block aperture with stemming, check blasting circuit, detonate after confirming safety.
Claims (1)
1. contain the controlled blasting method of different hardness rock stratum in Deep hole bench balsting, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) be drilled with blast hole, to rock dust, landwaste with enter drilling speed degree and observe and record;
By early stage to rock dust, landwaste and the record entering drilling speed degree, according to these indexs differentiate hole pass through rock stratum, ore body and correlation thereof and thickness, draw the rock stratum distribution map vertically of big gun hole through region;
According to step (2) drawn rock stratum distribution map to make rational planning for the number of fire point and position, when there is n layer competent bed middle part vertically, big gun hole, arrange n+1 fire point in this competent bed bilateral symmetry; Wherein n≤3, n is integer;
(4) powder charge, arranges detonating capsule, and blocking, controls each fire point and detonate simultaneously.
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| CN104596870B (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2017-04-12 | 西安近代化学研究所 | Device and method for measuring pressure of shock waves in concrete medium |
| CN105387775A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-03-09 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Method and device for treating crossing fault of fully mechanized mining work face |
| CN106288994A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2017-01-04 | 福建省新华都工程有限责任公司 | A kind of differential charge constitution controlled blasting reduces the method for loss and dilution |
| CN109556470A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-04-02 | 中国矿业大学 | Coal mine thick and hard roof based on detonation wave collision Mohaupt effect is layered fracturing method |
| CN109737846B (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2021-04-16 | 武汉大学 | Anti-explosion blasting method for gentle dip angle stratified rock mass |
| CN112361910A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-02-12 | 新疆雪峰爆破工程有限公司 | Mining method for accurate delay in-situ blasting and crushing of layered rock mass |
| CN116147440B (en) * | 2022-12-19 | 2024-08-16 | 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司 | Deep hole blasting anti-impact method and device |
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| JP2832500B2 (en) * | 1992-12-02 | 1998-12-09 | 和彦 熱田 | Bench blasting method |
| CN1419102A (en) * | 2002-10-10 | 2003-05-21 | 游宝健 | Blasting hole construction method for ladder section deep hole blasting |
| RU2285897C1 (en) * | 2005-04-28 | 2006-10-20 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью Научно-техническая фирма "Взрывтехнология" | Explosive charge initiation system |
| CN102322294B (en) * | 2011-05-31 | 2014-06-18 | 中铁二十局集团第一工程有限公司 | Comprehensive geological prediction method for karst tunnel construction |
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