CN104144088A - Network delay measuring method with delay measuring accuracy improved - Google Patents
Network delay measuring method with delay measuring accuracy improved Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a network delay measuring method. The method includes the steps that the processing time of equipment at the destination end is automatically subtracted in the delay measuring process, and therefore a delay measuring value can reflect the operation conditions of a current network more accurately; a test data package is sent through a UDP connectionless transmission layer protocol, and the problem that under some circumstances, an ICMP data package is shielded is solved; aiming at the problem of unreliable UDP transmission, reliable TCP transmission is used for transmitting the values of timestamps; time keeping is started when the data package reaches a network card, and the record positions of the timestamps for receiving and transmitting the data package are moved to a physical layer from an application layer, so that the timestamps for receiving and transmitting the data package are more approximate to real moments of receiving and transmitting the data package. The processing delay of the equipment at the destination end can be automatically removed, so that the timestamps for receiving and transmitting the data package are more approximate to the real moments of receiving and transmitting the data package, and the measured delay value can reflect the operation conditions of the current network better.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to network delay measurement technical field, specifically a kind of network delay measuring method that improves latency measurement precision by deducting the processing delay of destination equipment.
Background technology
Along with time delay is the basic index of evaluating network performance, be also the basis of measuring the performance index such as delay variation, the network bandwidth simultaneously.Latency measurement has a wide range of applications in fields such as network performance monitoring, network behavior analysis, network application designs.Development along with network, the particularly birth of optical fiber application, the network bandwidth has reached 10Gbps, and desktop also has the broadband accesss such as a lot of employing 100 m ethernets or ADSL, it is very little that time delay becomes, and the certainty of measurement of common tool can not meet the demand of Measurement and analysis.Along with the lifting of network rate, high-precision time-delay measuring method is studied very and is necessary.
In network performance measurement, round-trip delay is usually used as reflecting an important indicator of network state.Round-trip delay can be regarded as by three parts and form: source is to the propagation delay time of destination, the processing delay of destination equipment, and destination is to the propagation delay time of source.In this three part, the processing delay of destination equipment is not the time that packet transmits in network, and during this period of time also can be along with the difference of destination hardware device difference, this just causes the time delay value that measures also different.In fact, this section of time delay is the processing time of destination equipment, be not packet elapsed time in network, can not reflect the operation conditions when lower network, so the processing delay of destination equipment is omitted and is conducive to time delay reaction network situation more accurately.Yet the most frequently used latency measurement instrument PING does not remove this section of time delay for convenience's sake, this just causes the time delay value that measures inaccurate.In addition, PING adopts ICMP agreement, and in the destination host of latency measurement or path, other node filters after ICMP packet, and PING can not measure.For this problem, can adopt UDP message bag to measure round-trip delay.There is buffer memory in packet, the time of buffer memory is relevant with main process equipment and main frame load state instantly in the process of sending and receiving.Network interface card can produce and interrupt notifying driver to process packet, to the required time of response of interrupting be also along with main process equipment and main frame loading condition instantly relevant.Because data pack buffer postpones and terminal response time postpones the impact of the factor such as uncertain, the precision of record data pack receiving and transmitting timestamp is not high enough.In addition, the impact of wanting realization to deduct destination device processes time delay in time-delay calculation process will realize the communication of time stamp data between source and destination, and two timestamps that are about to destination record are sent to source.Udp protocol is towards connectionless, and adopting UDP message to carry out transmission time stamp data message is not optimal selection.If directly T2 and T3 are transferred to source as data with measuring bag, in this situation, destination Packet Generation time stamp T 3 must be just to obtain before packet structure so, and this will cause the timestamp obtaining constantly to differ farther apart from giving out a contract for a project really.The problems referred to above all can cause error in the process of latency measurement, affect the actual response of time delay to network state.
Summary of the invention
For above deficiency of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of network delay measuring method that improves latency measurement precision.Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a kind of network delay measuring method that improves latency measurement precision, and it comprises the following steps:
101, when carrying out network delay measurement, source is according to udp protocol structure measurement data bag I, then the measurement data bag I of having constructed is sent to destination, and record measurement data bag I and leave the time of source network interface card and stab T1 as transmitting time, this transmitting time stamp T1 is stored in the time-delay calculation module of source MAC layer;
102, when destination receives after the measurement data bag I that source sends, destination records the time that measurement data bag I arrives destination network interface card and stabs T2 as time of reception, and T2 is left in the communication module of destination MAC layer;
103, destination responds measurement data bag I, according to udp protocol, construct new measurement data bag II, and new measurement data bag II is sent to source, the time of measurement data bag II being left to destination network interface card is designated as transmitting time stamp T3, and this time stamp T 3 is left in the communication module of destination MAC layer;
104,, when source receives after new measurement data bag II, the time of recording new measurement data bag II arrival source network interface card is time of reception stamp T4, and T4 is delivered to the time-delay calculation module of source MAC layer;
105, destination structure tcp data bag, is sent to source using T2 and T3 as data simultaneously; When source receives after tcp data bag, obtain time stamp T 2 and T3, the time-delay calculation module of source MAC layer is in conjunction with T1 and the T4 of this locality storage, calculating round-trip delay value RTT=(T2-T1)+(T4-T3)=(T4-T1)-(T3-T2), and display network time delay measures value.
Further, the measurement data bag I described in step 101 is UDP message bag.
Advantage of the present invention and beneficial effect are as follows:
Network delay measuring method of the present invention can obtain latency measurement value more accurately by removing destination device processes time delay, reacts network operation situation instantly better by time delay, avoids the error of bringing because of server device performance difference; By TCP transmitting, solve destination and measure the problem that time delay value is sent to source; By being transferred to network interface card position by application program, timestamp record position obtains timestamp more accurately.This scheme survey network delay value will be more accurate.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Figure 1 shows that preferred embodiment of the present invention system flow schematic diagram;
In Fig. 2 packet receiving course, can add the schematic diagram of timestamp position;
The time-delay calculation method figure that Fig. 3 the present invention adopts;
Fig. 4 Packet Generation and receiving course;
Fig. 5 timestamp transfer principle figure;
Fig. 6 is the TCP message format of transmission time stamp data;
Fig. 7 is UDP measurement data report form.
Embodiment
The invention will be further elaborated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, to provide the embodiment of an indefiniteness.
The invention will be further elaborated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, to provide an infinite embodiment.But should be appreciated that, these describe example just, and do not really want to limit the scope of the invention.In addition, in the following description, omitted the description to known configurations and technology, to avoid unnecessarily obscuring concept of the present invention.For the attainment of one's purpose, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
1) in order to guarantee that time delay value is the true reflection of network state, deducts the processing delay of destination equipment.
2) situation about being filtered out by the intermediate node in destination main frame or path in order to solve ICMP agreement, adopts UDP message as measurement data bag.
3) adopt connection-oriented Transmission Control Protocol, the time stamp data that destination is measured is delivered to source by TCP transmitting.
4) authenticity of timestamp record affects the accuracy of time delay value, the record position of timestamp is transferred to the position of physical layer network interface card from application layer.
Below the present invention is further described:
1) in order to guarantee that time delay value is the true reflection of network state, deducts the processing delay of destination equipment.From source, send UDP message bag to the destination of test, destination sends UDP message bag to source after receiving this test packet.Respectively in order at source and four timestamps of destination record: logging timestamp T1 when source measurement data bag sends; Logging timestamp T2 when destination receives measurement data bag; Logging timestamp T3 when destination sends measurement data bag; Logging timestamp T4 when source receives measurement data bag.Round-trip delay value RTT=(T2-T1)+(T4-T3)=(T4-T1)-(T3-T2).
2) situation about being filtered out by the intermediate node in destination main frame or path in order to solve ICMP, adopts UDP message as measurement data bag.UDP and ICMP are comparatively similar, are all towards connectionless, and difference is that UDP need to specify a port.
3) want to realize the transmission of the measurement data between source and destination, directly the data that measure being placed on to transmission in test packet UDP is not preferred plan, because udp protocol is towards connectionless.In addition, if directly T2 and T3 are transferred to source as data with measuring bag, in this situation, destination Packet Generation time stamp T 3 must be just to obtain before packet structure so, and this will cause the timestamp obtaining constantly to differ farther apart from giving out a contract for a project really.For the solution of these two problems, be to adopt TCP to transmit T2 and T3, when having guaranteed reliable data transmission, also avoided because transmitting the error of the timestamp of giving out a contract for a project that T2 and T3 bring.At source logging timestamp T1 and T4, at destination logging timestamp T2 and T3, as data, utilize Transmission Control Protocol to be sent to source from destination T2 and T3, for calculating round-trip delay.
4) authenticity of timestamp record affects the accuracy of time delay value.Take below and receive packet and describe as example.After physical frame on Ethernet is obtained by network card chip, network interface card is delivered to host memory by data, the packet simultaneously receiving by interrupt notification driver handles.Then response of host interrupts, and packet is copied in upper-layer protocol stack and processed, and the packet after processing arrives application layer.The impact of inserting the delay that the suffered buffer memory of timestamp and interrupt response time bring at diverse location is different, and this can cause timestamp also different with deviation actual time of packet arrival.For the time of reception stamp of packet approaches the actual time that test packet receives more, the position of physical layer network interface card is transferred to in the timing position of timestamp from application layer.At packet, arrive network interface card record data bag time of reception constantly.
Fig. 1 is latency measurement principle of the present invention, comprises the steps:
Step 101, source structure measurement data bag;
Step 102, source sends measurement data bag, and record data bag leaves the time of network interface card and stabs T1 as transmitting time;
Step 103, is stored in this time stamp T 1 in time-delay calculation module;
Step 104, destination is accepted measurement data bag, and the time of record data bag arrival network interface card is stabbed T2 as time of reception, and T2 is left in communication module;
Step 105, destination responds measurement data bag, constructs new measurement data bag;
Step 106, destination sends measurement data bag, and record data bag leaves the time of network interface card and stabs T3 as transmitting time;
Step 107, leaves this time stamp T 3 in communication module in;
Step 108, source receives measurement data bag, and the time of record data bag arrival network interface card is stabbed T4 as time of reception, and T4 is delivered to time-delay calculation module;
Step 109, destination structure tcp data bag, is sent to source using T2 and T3 as data;
Step 110, source receives tcp data bag, obtains time stamp T 2 and T3, in conjunction with the local T1 storing and T4, calculates round-trip delay value and shows result.
Fig. 2 can add the schematic diagram of timestamp position in packet receiving course.
The factor that affects the data packet transceive processing time is mainly several what time lower: break in service expense; Data copy and Memory Allocation operation; Unnecessary protocol processes time in kernel protocol stack.The response time of each packet is transmission time and the user space program response time sum in kernel.Transmission time in kernel comprises the context switch timing of hard terminal time delay, break in service expense, interruption and kernel, the time of protocol stack processing and the context switch timing of kernel and user's space.Packet not only depends on the efficiency of program itself in the processing time of user's space, also relevant with the behavior of LINUX kernel.As shown in Figure 2, can there be multiple choices the joining day position of stamp, and the timestamp of record is respectively user's space, kernel spacing, hardware timestamping.What the most frequently used latency measurement instrument PING adopted is user's space timestamp, as t1, t2 position in Fig. 2.It is the true moment that approaches data packet transceive most that can control by software that kernel spacing network interface card drives, and sees t3 in Fig. 2, t4 position.Hardware timestamping must be revised hardware, although realize comparatively complexity, what approach data packet transceive most is really constantly.This programme moves to MAC layer by timestamp record position, i.e. t5, t6 position in Fig. 2, to more approach the actual time that packet arrives network interface card.
Fig. 3 is Packet Generation and the receiving course schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention, comprises the steps:
Step 301, Linux NIC driver is the MAC packet header that IP packet adds 14 bytes, forms MAC packet, first the CPU of main frame checks whether network interface card has enough large transmission buffering area, for depositing packet to be sent;
Step 302, host C UP copies the MAC packet in core buffer in the transmission buffering area of network interface card;
Step 303, the MAC data envelope that network card chip is sent in buffering area is dressed up physical frame, and adds header information and CRC check code, then MAC packet is passed on Ethernet and record timestamp now.By the time MAC packet passes to after Ethernet, and network card equipment produces one and sends interruption, enters subsequently interrupt handling routine, knows the packet in buffering area;
Step 304, can be obtained the CRC (Cyclical Redundancy Check) that network card chip detects physical frame by network card chip from the frame of Ethernet, thereby guarantees the complete of physical frame.After having inspected, the head of physical frame can be removed, thereby obtains MAC bag.Whether the target MAC (Media Access Control) address in network card chip contrast MAC bag is identical with this network interface card MAC, and difference abandons, if then identical logging timestamp copies mac frame on network interface card in reception buffer zone;
Step 305, after mac frame has been accepted, network interface card can produce receive interruption, and notice main frame has packet received, and CPU enters receive interruption and processes;
Step 306, CPU can be in internal memory allocation block buffering area, carry out store data bag;
Step 307, network interface card drives in the buffering area in the internal memory that by interruption, the packet in network interface card buffering area is copied to system assignment;
Step 308, protocol frame can remove the MAC packet header of transmitting buffering area, obtains packet.
Fig. 4 is time-delay calculation schematic diagram figure of the present invention.The time that destination is processed packet is removed, and makes to measure gained time delay and can better react the operation conditions when lower network, the impact of simultaneously avoiding destination equipment difference to bring.Computing formula is: round-trip delay value RTT=(T2-T1)+(T4-T3)=(T4-T1)-(T3-T2).Concrete steps are as follows:
Step 401, source sends measurement data bag to destination;
Step 402, destination responds source after receiving packet, to source, sends measurement data bag.
Fig. 5 is time stamp data transmission principle figure of the present invention.First, source is set up TCP three-way handshake agreement and destination connects; Secondly, send UDP measurement data bag; Destination records T2 after accepting, and returns to corresponding UDP bag and record T3; TCP is delivered to source by recording result T2 and T3 simultaneously.Measuring process is all the repetition of said process each time, and after all measurement bags send and finish, TCP waves for tetra-times to finish to connect.
Fig. 6 is the TCP message format of transmission time stamp data, and tcp data is encapsulated in an IP packet, when structure tcp data bag, T2 and T3 is filled into tcp data part.
Fig. 7 is UDP measurement data report form, and User Datagram Protoco (UDP) has increased port function and mistake function in IP datagram service is above everything else.In UDP message, have two parts: data division and stem, stem part is comprised of four fields: source port number, destination slogan, length, check and.
These embodiment are interpreted as only for the present invention is described, is not used in and limits the scope of the invention above.After having read the content of record of the present invention, technical staff can make various changes or modifications the present invention, and these equivalences change and modification falls into the inventive method claim limited range equally.
Claims (2)
1. a network delay measuring method that improves latency measurement precision, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
101, when carrying out network delay measurement, source is according to udp protocol structure measurement data bag I, then the measurement data bag I of having constructed is sent to destination, and record measurement data bag I and leave the time of source network interface card and stab T1 as transmitting time, this transmitting time stamp T1 is stored in the time-delay calculation module of source MAC layer;
102, when destination receives after the measurement data bag I that source sends, the time that destination arrives measurement data bag I in destination network interface card is stabbed T2 as time of reception, and T2 is left in the communication module of destination MAC layer;
103, destination responds measurement data bag I, according to udp protocol, construct new measurement data bag II, and new measurement data bag II is sent to source, the time of measurement data bag II being left to destination network interface card is designated as transmitting time stamp T3, and this time stamp T 3 is left in the communication module of destination MAC layer;
104, when source receives after new measurement data bag II, the time that new measurement data bag II is arrived to source network interface card is time of reception stamp T4, and T4 is delivered to the time-delay calculation module of source MAC layer;
105, destination is constructed tcp data bag simultaneously, T2 and T3 are sent to source as data, when source receives after tcp data bag, obtain time stamp T 2 and T3, T1 and T4 that the time-delay calculation module of source MAC layer is stored in conjunction with this locality, calculating round-trip delay value RTT=(T2-T1)+(T4-T3)=(T4-T1)-(T3-T2), and display network time delay measures value.
2. the network delay measuring method of raising latency measurement precision according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the measurement data bag I described in step 101 is UDP message bag.
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| CN115865256A (en) * | 2022-12-06 | 2023-03-28 | 国网四川省电力公司营销服务中心 | Method and system for measuring time error between communication nodes based on broadband power carrier |
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