CN103953339B - A kind of lump coal exploitation coal-winning machine and seam mining method - Google Patents
A kind of lump coal exploitation coal-winning machine and seam mining method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of lump coal exploitation coal-winning machine and seam mining method, its coal-winning machine comprises fuselage and is arranged on the cutting part on fuselage, the quantity n > of set helical blade on cutting part cylinder
and its helical angle is 5 ° ~ 30 °, D and P is respectively width and the pitch of helical blade; On each helical blade, the quantity m of set pick is determined by the hardness factor f of institute's working seam: when the hardness factor f of institute's working seam is 2.5 ~ 3.5, m=7 ~ 10; When the hardness factor f of institute's working seam is greater than 3.5, m=9 ~ 17; Its exploitation method comprises step: one, production practice setting parameter: set drum rotation speed, hauling speed, thickness of cutting, drum rotating direction and the cut degree of depth; Two, seam mining, adopts one-way coal cutting mode.Reasonable in design of the present invention, method step are simple and realization is convenient, result of use is good, effectively can improve the lump coal rate of fully-mechanized mining working.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to seam mining technical field, especially relate to a kind of lump coal exploitation coal-winning machine and seam mining method.
Background technology
Because lump coal is produced by many factors such as coal seam self-strength, geological conditions, coal winning technology, loading chutes, output only accounts for about 10% ~ 30% of raw coal total output.In Coal Transport process, due to the difference of transfer point drop and coal breakage mode, mutual collision impact when causing lump coal to fall, lump coal is lost serious, lump coal rate declines more than 20% ~ 30% in transportation.Therefore, cause coal body excessively to pulverize under existing fully-mechanized mining working production practice condition, the production lump coal rate in full ore deposit is low.According to statistics, the lump coal productivity ratio in full ore deposit, existing colliery is less than 15%, and fine coal productivity ratio is about 85%.Fine coal price is minimum, mainly sells to power plant, and lump coal price is more than 2 times of fine coal, and market sale prospect is good, and the lump coal price price difference of different size is at 100 yuan/ton ~ 150 yuan/ton, refers to table 1:
Table 1 raw coal selling price table
| The name of an article | Specification (mm) | Price (yuan/ton) |
| Fine coal | ＜15 | 210 |
| Coal fourth | 15～30 | 430 |
| Fritter | 30～60 | 530 |
| Middle piece | 60～90 | 750 |
| Bulk | ＞90 | 900 |
The factor affecting fully-mechanized mining working lump coal rate is a lot, and the method correspondingly improving lump coal rate is also varied.At present, popular method is mainly improved from equipment optimization, coal winning technology, mine pressure utilizes and change four aspect of coal seam lithology as cutting point, and then improve the lump coal rate of fully-mechanized mining working.Wherein, equipment optimization aspect, is mainly optimized the parameter such as mode, diameter of cylinder, blade head number, blade screw angle of cylinder pick quantity, cylinder cut parameter.Coal winning technology improvement aspect, mainly from reduction drum rotation speed, change drum rotating direction, changed into one-way coal cutting by two-ways coal cutting, increase the cut degree of depth, suitably increase thickness of cutting, suitably increase the aspects such as shearer haulage speed and improve, to improve lump coal rate.Meanwhile, by explosive deep hole blasting technology, loosening blasting is carried out to coal seam, collaborative double-ended shearer coal cutting, thus reach the object improving fully-mechanized mining working lump coal rate.To sum up, improving lump coal rate is an important channel of improving coal production economic benefit.But the method for above-mentioned raising lump coal rate is all in theoretical research stage mostly, and operability is poor, and improve fully-mechanized mining working lump coal rate poor effect.The structural parameters of coal-winning machine and production practice parameter are important procedures of lump coal exploitation, and it directly affects the lump coal rate of fully-mechanized mining working.Thus, need improve the structural parameters of existing coal-winning machine and production practice parameter, can direct concretely the recovery process of fully-mechanized mining working, and effectively improve the lump coal rate of fully-mechanized mining working.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is for above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, provides a kind of structure simple, reasonable in design, easy and simple to handle and result of use is good, effectively can improve the lump coal exploitation coal-winning machine of fully-mechanized mining working lump coal rate.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of lump coal exploitation coal-winning machine, comprise fuselage and be arranged on the cutting part on fuselage, the cutting motor that described cutting part comprises the rocking arm be hinged on fuselage, is arranged on the cylinder of described rocking arm front end and drives described cylinder, be in transmission connection by transmission mechanism between the cylinder drive shaft of described cutting motor and described cylinder, it is characterized in that: described cylinder is provided with multiple helical blade, the quantity of helical blade
wherein, D is the width of helical blade, and P is the pitch of helical blade; The helical angle of described helical blade is 5 ° ~ 30 °;
On each described helical blade, the quantity of set pick is m; Wherein the value of m is determined by the hardness factor f of institute's working seam: when the hardness factor f of institute's working seam is 2.5 ~ 3.5, m=7 ~ 10; When the hardness factor f of institute's working seam is greater than 3.5, m=9 ~ 17.
Above-mentioned a kind of lump coal exploitation coal-winning machine, is characterized in that: quantity n=2 ~ 4 of described helical blade.
Above-mentioned a kind of lump coal exploitation coal-winning machine, is characterized in that: on described helical blade, the arrangement mode of set pick is chequered order.
Above-mentioned a kind of lump coal exploitation coal-winning machine, is characterized in that: also comprise the grooving part for cutting miniature grooving on rib, described miniature grooving is straight rectangular channel; Described grooving part is install spiral cutter device on which cylinder or high pressure jer cutting device.
Above-mentioned a kind of lump coal exploitation coal-winning machine, it is characterized in that: described spiral cutter device is augers, the diameter of described augers is 80mm ~ 120mm and its length is 700mm ~ 900mm, adopt spiral cutter device cut the groove width of miniature grooving and groove depth is respectively 80mm ~ 120mm and 700mm ~ 900mm;
Adopt described high pressure jer cutting device cut the groove width of miniature grooving and groove depth is respectively 20mm ~ 50mm and 20mm ~ 50mm.
Meanwhile, the invention also discloses a kind of method step simple, reasonable in design and realize the seam mining method of the lump coal exploitation coal-winning machine convenient, result of use is good, it is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
Step one, production practice setting parameter: before exploitation, first set production practice parameter, process is as follows:
Step I, drum rotation speed set: the thickness according to institute's working seam sets drum rotation speed: when institute's working seam be thickness is the girdle of 0.8m ~ 1.5m, drum rotation speed is 50r/min ~ 70r/min; When institute's working seam be thickness is the medium-thickness seam of 1.5m ~ 3.5m, drum rotation speed is 30r/min ~ 50r/min; When institute's working seam be thickness is the high seam of more than 3.5m, drum rotation speed is 20r/min ~ 30r/min;
Step II, hauling speed set: the hauling speed of described coal-winning machine is set as 3m/min ~ 6m/min;
Step III, thickness of cutting set: the thickness of cutting of described coal mining machine roller is set as 40mm ~ 80mm;
Step IV, drum rotating direction setting: when described coal-winning machine is double-ended shearer, need carry out drum rotating direction setting; On described double-ended shearer fill cutting units quantity be two, two described cutting units are respectively the front cutting units and rear cutting units that are arranged on both sides before and after external fuselage; The cylinder of described front cutting units is front roll, and the cylinder of described rear cutting units is back roll; The direction of rotation of described front roll and back roll is contrary, and wherein the direction of rotation of front roll is for turning clockwise, and the direction of rotation of described back roll is for being rotated counterclockwise;
Step V, cut depth-set: be 50mm ~ 100mm by the cut depth-set of described cylinder;
Step 2, seam mining: adopt described coal-winning machine and carry out seam mining according to operational parameter set in step I to step V, the coal cutting mode adopted during exploitation is one-way coal cutting mode.
Said method, is characterized in that: described coal-winning machine is provided with the grooving part for cutting miniature grooving on rib, and described miniature grooving is straight rectangular channel and its length direction along rib is laid; Described grooving part is install spiral cutter device on which cylinder or high pressure jer cutting device;
In step 2 in seam mining process, adopt described grooving part to cut on rib together or miniature grooving described in twice, miniature grooving described in twice is parallel laying.
Said method, is characterized in that: before carrying out seam mining in step 2, first along working face of coal seam direction of propulsion, carries out ahead work face presplitting by near to far away to institute's working seam; When carrying out seam mining in step 2, the coal seam after Advance presplitting is exploited to far away by near.
Said method, is characterized in that: when described coal-winning machine is single ended shearer, and adopt one-way coal cutting mode to carry out in recovery process in step 2, coal cutting is carried out in first feed, and adopts described grooving part on rib, cut described miniature grooving together in return stroke;
When described coal-winning machine is double-ended shearer, described front roll and/or back roll are provided with described grooving part; Adopt in step 2 in one-way coal cutting mode recovery process, coal cutting is carried out in first feed, and adopts described grooving part to cut on rib together in return stroke or miniature grooving described in twice.
Said method, is characterized in that: when adopting described grooving part to cut one described miniature grooving on rib, the described miniature grooving cut is positioned at 1/2 mining height position of described coal-winning machine;
When adopting described grooving part to cut miniature grooving described in twice on rib, miniature grooving described in the twice of cutting lays respectively at 1/3 mining height position and the 2/3 mining height position of described coal-winning machine.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
1, institute's employing coal-winning machine reasonable in design and input cost is lower, use easy and simple to handle, result of use is good.
2, coal-winning machine design of Structural Parameters is reasonable, on cylinder on the quantity of helical blade and helical blade the quantity of pick and arrangement mode reasonable in design, not only processing and fabricating is easy, and input cost is lower, and effectively can improve the lump coal rate of fully-mechanized mining working.Meanwhile, be provided with grooving part, it is convenient that processing and fabricating and installation are laid, and use easy and simple to handle, can improve the lump coal rate of fully-mechanized mining working further.
3, coal-winning machine process parameters design is reasonable, is limited, can increase substantially lump coal rate by the drum rotation speed to coal-winning machine, hauling speed, thickness of cutting, drum rotating direction and the cut degree of depth.
4, the seam mining method step adopted is simple, reasonable in design, realization is convenient and workable, production efficiency is higher, mainly carry out structure adjusting from many-sides such as Advance presplitting, coal-winning machine structure, coal-winning machine production practices, effectively can improve the lump coal rate of fully-mechanized mining working, and coal-winning machine structural parameters and coal-winning machine production practice parameter all reasonable in design, it is convenient to realize.
5, result of use is good, practical value is high and economic benefit and social benefit remarkable, and effectively can improve the lump coal rate 10% ~ 30% of fully-mechanized mining working, comprehensive recovery ratio reaches more than 85%, and energy-saving and environmental protection, recovery process safety, reliable.
In sum, reasonable in design of the present invention, method step are simple and realization is convenient, result of use is good, can direct concretely, and effectively can improve the lump coal rate of fully-mechanized mining working to the recovery process of fully-mechanized mining working.
Below by drawings and Examples, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of coal mining machine roller of the present invention.
Fig. 2 be coal mining machine roller of the present invention helical blade on the ordered state schematic diagram of pick.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of double-ended shearer of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the top view of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is the installment state schematic diagram of high pressure jer cutting device of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is exploitation method FB(flow block) of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the installment state schematic diagram of augers of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-fuselage; 2-front haulage portion; 3-rear haulage portion;
4-electric control box; 5-front arm; 6-front roll;
7-front cutting motor; 8-rear arm; 9-back roll;
10-rear cutting motor; 11-1-nozzle; 11-2-high-pressure water pipe;
11-3-hydraulic pressure booster; 12-spiral cutter device; 13-helical blade;
14-pick; 15-roller tube; 16-cylinder drive shaft.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, a kind of lump coal exploitation coal-winning machine shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the cutting part comprising fuselage 1 and install on the fuselage 1, described cutting part comprises hinged rocking arm, the cylinder being arranged on described rocking arm front end and the cutting motor driven described cylinder on the fuselage 1, is in transmission connection between the cylinder drive shaft 16 of described cutting motor and described cylinder by transmission mechanism; Described cylinder is provided with multiple helical blade 13, the quantity of helical blade 13
wherein, D is the width of helical blade 13, and P is the pitch of helical blade 13; The helical angle of described helical blade 13 is 5 ° ~ 30 °.
On each described helical blade 13, the quantity of set pick 14 is m; Wherein the value of m is determined by the hardness factor f of institute's working seam: when the hardness factor f of institute's working seam is 2.5 ~ 3.5, m=7 ~ 10; When the hardness factor f of institute's working seam is greater than 3.5, m=9 ~ 17.
In the present embodiment, quantity n=2 ~ 4 of described helical blade 13.
During actual use, can according to specific needs, the quantity n of helical blade 13 be adjusted accordingly.That is, the cylinder of described coal-winning machine is provided with n helical blade 13, n described helical blades 13 and forms many helical structures.
On the cylinder of described coal-winning machine, the quantity n of set helical blade 13 determines the helical pitch S of helical blade 13, and wherein S=P × n, P are the pitch of described helical blade 13; And helical pitch S should be not less than the width D of described helical blade 13.Therefore, the quantity of helical blade 13 must meet P × n>D, i.e. n>D/P.In the present embodiment, n=2 ~ 4, if the quantity of helical blade 13 is too much, the spacing between adjoining spiral blade 13 reduces, and coal fluid space is narrow, will increase resistance and energy consumption, and helical blade 13 quantity is too much also unfavorable for processing.
In actual recovery process, the helical angle of described helical blade 13 is larger, and the ability of row's coal is also larger, but when helical angle is excessive, easily causes coal dust to pulverize; Helical angle is too small, and row's coal ability of described helical blade 13 is little, and coal, at the Inner eycle of helical blade 13, causes the repetition of coal broken, lump coal rate is reduced.In the present embodiment, be, after 5 ° ~ 30 °, effectively can improve lump coal rate by the helical angle of described helical blade 13.
Actually add man-hour, each described helical blade 13 is provided with multiple pick 14 all from outside to inside.
As shown in Figure 2, in the present embodiment, on described helical blade 13, the arrangement mode of set pick 14 is chequered order.
Due under the condition of cracks in coal seam development degree and geological conditions permission, the quantity reducing pick 14 improves the effective way of lump coal rate, and thus the quantity of pick 14 should be determined according to ature of coal situation.
In the present embodiment, the pick that adopts 14 is for pick shape and knife-edge and its installation direction is tangential or radial.
In actual recovery process, when adopting pick 14 to adopt chequered order mode, on direction of feed, in cutting course, two adjacent kerfs are first cut out, the kerf bilateral symmetry formed, depth of cut is large, and the lumpiness of intercepting and capturing and block rate improve nearly 1 times than sequential arrangement mode, and Dust Capacity obviously reduces.
During practice of construction, can according to specific needs, the value size of the quantity of helical blade 13 set on described cylinder, the pitch of described helical blade 13, the helical angle of described helical blade 13 and m and n is adjusted accordingly.
In actual recovery process, when the diameter of cylinder of described coal-winning machine is determined, select major diameter cylinder, be conducive to reducing critical drum rotation speed, improve effect of loading coal, but when diameter is excessive, can energy consumption be increased, reduce the lumpiness of coal; When diameter of cylinder is too small, loading efficiency can reduce.In the present embodiment, the diameter of cylinder of described coal-winning machine is 1m ~ 3.5m.In addition, for improving loading ability, ensureing that helical blade 13 is with under the weld strength of roller tube 15, and under meeting the prerequisite of rocker arm of coal mining machine transmission device installing space, the diameter of roller tube 15 should be little as far as possible.Wherein, the diameter of roller tube 15 refers to that the diameter of roller tube itself, diameter of cylinder refer to the diameter after cylindrical shell installing helical blade 13 and pick 14.Thus, should according to specific needs, the diameter of diameter of cylinder and roller tube 15 thereof be determined.
Meanwhile, coal-winning machine of the present invention also comprises the grooving part for cutting miniature grooving on rib, and described miniature grooving is straight rectangular channel.Described grooving part is install spiral cutter device 12 on which cylinder or high pressure jer cutting device.
In the present embodiment, described grooving part is high pressure jer cutting device.Adopt described high pressure jer cutting device cut the groove width of miniature grooving and groove depth is respectively 20mm ~ 50mm and 20mm ~ 50mm.
As shown in Figure 5, described high pressure jer cutting device comprises the nozzle 11-1 be fixedly mounted in the cylinder drive shaft 16 of coal mining machine roller, and described nozzle 11-1 is connected with hydraulic pressure booster 11-3 by high-pressure water pipe 11-2.
During actual installation, described nozzle 11-1 and cylinder drive shaft 16 are in parallel laying, and the spout of described nozzle 11-1 is positioned at outside cylinder drive shaft 16.
During actual use, by hydraulic pressure booster 11-3, water is forced into 3000bar, the water jet that the nozzle 11-1 being then 0.3mm by channel diameter produces about 3 times of velocities of sound together carries out joint-cutting.
In the present embodiment, described miniature grooving is straight rectangular channel and its length direction along rib is laid.
As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, in the present embodiment, coal-winning machine of the present invention also comprises the front haulage portion 2 and rear haulage portion 3, the pre-walking mechanism being arranged on both sides before and after below fuselage 1 respectively and rear walking mechanism and the rocking arm height-regulating hydraulic system be arranged in fuselage 1 and electrical control system that are arranged on both sides, fuselage 1 inner front and back respectively, and on fuselage 1 fill cutting units quantity be two, two described cutting units are respectively the front cutting units and rear cutting units that are arranged on both sides, fuselage 1 outside front and back, that is, described coal-winning machine is double-ended shearer.During actual use, described coal-winning machine also can be single ended shearer.
Described electrical control system comprises installation electric control box 4 on the fuselage 1 and the controller be arranged in electric control box 4.Described front cutting units comprises hinged front arm 5 on the fuselage 1, is arranged on the front roll 6 of front arm 5 front end and cutting motor 7 before driving front roll 6, and described front cutting motor 7 to be arranged in front arm 5 and to be in transmission connection by transmission mechanism between itself and front roll 6.Described rear cutting units comprises hinged rear arm 8, the back roll 9 being arranged on rear arm 8 front end and the rear cutting motor 10 driven back roll 9 on the fuselage 1, and described rear cutting motor 10 to be arranged in rear arm 8 and to be in transmission connection by transmission mechanism between itself and back roll 9.Described rocking arm height-regulating hydraulic system carries out elevating control to front arm 5 and rear arm 8 respectively.Described front cutting motor 7, rear cutting motor 10, front haulage portion, rear haulage portion, front height-regulating hydraulic system and rear height-regulating hydraulic system control by described controller.
In the present embodiment, described controller adopts stepless speed change control system, controls, to improve the broken coal efficiency of coal-winning machine, reach energy-saving effect to pulling speed and cut speed (i.e. drum rotation speed).This stepless speed change control system can adjust the hauling speed of coal-winning machine and cut speed, and can effectively reduce work plane coal dust.
The seam mining method of lump coal exploitation coal-winning machine as shown in Figure 6, comprises the following steps:
Step one, production practice setting parameter: before exploitation, first set production practice parameter, process is as follows:
Step I, drum rotation speed set: the thickness according to institute's working seam sets drum rotation speed: when institute's working seam be thickness is the girdle of 0.8m ~ 1.5m, drum rotation speed is 50r/min ~ 70r/min; When institute's working seam be thickness is the medium-thickness seam of 1.5m ~ 3.5m, drum rotation speed is 30r/min ~ 50r/min; When institute's working seam be thickness is the high seam of more than 3.5m, drum rotation speed is 20r/min ~ 30r/min.
Actual when exploiting, drum rotation speed on the cut of cylinder and loading process impact larger.Drum rotation speed is low can increase thickness of cutting, improves lump coal rate; But rotating speed is too low, can effect of loading coal be reduced, increase cutting power, easily occur cylinder clogging.Drum rotation speed is too high, cuts too thin, by generating more fine coal, causes increasing of circulation coal simultaneously, but the high delivered payload capability that can improve cylinder of rotating speed.In the present embodiment, according to coal seam thickness, drum rotation speed is set, can effectively improve work plane lump coal rate.
Step II, hauling speed set: the hauling speed of described coal-winning machine is set as 3m/min ~ 6m/min.
When coal mining machine roller rotating speed is certain, along with the increase of hauling speed, lump coal rate increases; Otherwise lump coal rate reduces.Analyze theoretically, theoretical maximum depth of cut is directly proportional to the hauling speed of cylinder, and is inversely proportional to drum rotation speed.For obtaining relatively large coal rate, drum rotation speed should be made as far as possible little, and hauling speed is large as far as possible.In the present embodiment, hauling speed is set as 3m/min ~ 6m/min, lump coal rate can be improved to the full extent.
Step III, thickness of cutting set: the thickness of cutting of described coal mining machine roller is set as 40mm ~ 80mm.
During pick 14 coal petrography cutting of coal mining machine roller, owing to rotating by cylinder and the impact of hauling speed, pick 14 makes arc cut, and its Chip Shape is crescent.The analysis showed that, coal-winning machine thickness of cutting and Dust Capacity are that hyperbola trend declines, and corresponding lump coal rate also increases thereupon.From the formation mechenism of coal cinder, when thickness of cutting strengthens, and extrude the coal body volume that the coal dust nuclear phase that formed contacts by pick 14 and increase, thus broken block and tensile stress crackle is upwards increased, block amount increases, and coal dust reduces.In the present embodiment, the thickness of cutting of cylinder is set as 40mm ~ 80mm, effectively can improve lump coal rate.
Step IV, drum rotating direction setting: when described coal-winning machine is double-ended shearer, need carry out drum rotating direction setting; On described double-ended shearer fill cutting units quantity be two, two described cutting units be respectively be arranged on fuselage 1 outside before and after the front cutting units of both sides and rear cutting units; The cylinder of described front cutting units is front roll 6, and the cylinder of described rear cutting units is back roll 9; The direction of rotation of described front roll 6 and back roll 9 is contrary, and wherein the direction of rotation of front roll 6 is for turning clockwise, and the direction of rotation of described back roll 9 is for being rotated counterclockwise.
When described coal-winning machine is single ended shearer, then without the need to carrying out drum rotating direction setting.
For strengthening coal-winning machine job stability, the employing that turns to of former and later two cylinders of described double-ended shearer turns to contrary arrangement, and arrangement has " front along rear inverse " and " front inverse rear suitable " two kinds.In the present embodiment, adopt first kind of way, namely the direction of rotation of front roll 6 is for turning clockwise, the direction of rotation of described back roll 9 is for being rotated counterclockwise, which is applicable to that diameter of cylinder is large, mining height is large and the work plane that productivity ratio is high, and effect of loading coal is good, and coal cinder is not easily broken, front roll 6 does not get rid of coal to driver, and the dust flown upward is also less.
Step V, cut depth-set: be 50mm ~ 100mm by the cut depth-set of described cylinder.
Actual when exploiting, the large cut degree of depth can improve lump coal rate, reduce coal dust, but the excessive cut degree of depth can make pick 14 sharply wear and tear, and monodentate cuts clipping force suffered by 14 to be increased, and the stress condition of pick degenerates, thus reduces the application life of pick.In the present embodiment, be 50mm ~ 100mm by cut depth-set, effectively can improve lump coal rate, and energy consumption be lower.
During actual exploitation, the cut degree of depth of coal mining machine roller is greater than its thickness of cutting.
Step 2, seam mining: adopt described coal-winning machine and carry out seam mining according to operational parameter set in step I to step V, the coal cutting mode adopted during exploitation is one-way coal cutting mode.
Actual when exploiting, adopt one-way coal cutting mode.During due to two-ways coal cutting mode, when coal-winning machine is from head to tail coal cutting, a large amount of coal is deposited in coal-winning machine front end, and extruding causes fragmentation mutually.In the present embodiment, for reducing blocking, improving lump coal rate, adopting the one-way coal cutting mode from tail feed.
During practice of construction, can according to specific needs, the drum rotation speed of described double-ended shearer, hauling speed, thickness of cutting, drum rotating direction and the cut degree of depth are adjusted accordingly.
In the present embodiment, limited by the drum rotation speed to described coal-winning machine, hauling speed, thickness of cutting, drum rotating direction and the cut degree of depth, the highest lump coal rate can be exploited out.
Owing to described coal-winning machine being provided with the grooving part for cutting miniature grooving on rib, described miniature grooving is straight rectangular channel and its length direction along rib is laid.In step 2 in seam mining process, adopt described grooving part to cut on rib together or miniature grooving described in twice, miniature grooving described in twice is parallel laying.In the present embodiment, described miniature grooving is that level is to laying.
During actual exploitation, when adopting described grooving part to cut one described miniature grooving on rib, the described miniature grooving together cut is positioned at 1/2 mining height position of described coal-winning machine.
When adopting described grooving part to cut miniature grooving described in twice on rib, miniature grooving described in the twice of cutting lays respectively at 1/3 mining height position and the 2/3 mining height position of described coal-winning machine.
In actual use procedure, when described coal-winning machine is single ended shearer, adopt one-way coal cutting mode to carry out in recovery process in step 2, coal cutting is carried out in first feed, and adopts described high pressure jer cutting device on rib, cut described miniature grooving together in return stroke.When described coal-winning machine is double-ended shearer, the front roll 6 of described double-ended shearer and back roll 9 are provided with described grooving part; Adopt in step 2 in one-way coal cutting mode recovery process, coal cutting is carried out in first feed, and adopts described high pressure jer cutting device to cut on rib together in return stroke or miniature grooving described in twice.
In actual use procedure, (namely run in empty cutter process) in coal-winning machine return stroke, after cutting out described miniature grooving by described high pressure jer cutting device on rib, described miniature grooving can serve as cracks in coal seam, easier broken rib when making coal mining machine roller cut coal breakage, and to obtain the probability of bulk coal cinder higher, thus effectively can improve the lump coal output capacity of coal-face.
In the present embodiment, before carrying out seam mining in step 2, first along working face of coal seam direction of propulsion, to far away, ahead work face presplitting is carried out to institute's working seam by near; When carrying out seam mining in step 2, the coal seam after Advance presplitting is exploited to far away by near.
In the present embodiment, when carrying out Advance presplitting to institute's working seam, the method adopting carbon dioxide presplitting to combine with hydrofracturing carries out Advance presplitting, and carries out Advance presplitting by near to a point multiple sections far away, and the Advance presplitting method of multiple described sections is all identical.During practice of construction, when carrying out Advance presplitting to institute's working seam, Deephole pre-splitting blasting method or hydrofracturing method also can be adopted to carry out Advance presplitting, and wherein Deephole pre-splitting blasting method is carbon dioxide presplitting or explosive blasting.Further, when adopting Deephole pre-splitting blasting method or hydrofracturing method to carry out Advance presplitting, be also carry out Advance presplitting by a nearly point multiple sections extremely far away.
When the method adopting carbon dioxide presplitting to combine with hydrofracturing carries out Advance presplitting, carry out Advance presplitting to any one sections, process is as follows:
Step 101, boring: drill through pre-splitting hole in 50m ~ 150m position, current coal-face front, the quantity of described pre-splitting hole is one or more; The drilling direction of described pre-splitting hole is parallel and/or vertical runs with current coal-face.The length of described pre-splitting hole is 50m ~ 150m.
Wherein, when to drill through with current coal-face be the described pre-splitting hole of vertical runs, first at bore position place tunneling construction chamber, then drill through described pre-splitting hole by chamber.
During practice of construction, when needing the thickness of working seam to be not more than 8m, it is the boring of parallel laying that described pre-splitting hole is only with current coal-face; When needing the thickness of working seam to be greater than 8m, it is the boring of vertical runs that described pre-splitting hole is only with current coal-face, or both to have comprised with current coal-face be the boring of parallel laying, and also comprising with current coal-face is the boring of vertical runs.
Actual when holing, when needing the thickness of working seam to be greater than 8m, drill through pre-splitting hole quantity be multiple, and the multiple pre-splitting holes layering from top to bottom drilled through is laid.
In the present embodiment, when described pre-splitting hole and current coal-face are parallel laying, when drilling through described pre-splitting hole, respectively arrange a boring operating point at the crossheading up and down of 50m ~ 150m position, current coal-face front, then in crossheading, directly beat the pre-splitting hole perpendicular to bearing toward coal seam.
In the present embodiment, the angle described in step 101 between pre-splitting hole and horizontal direction is not more than 20 °, and the aperture of described pre-splitting hole is Φ 65mm ~ Φ 105mm and its length is 80m ~ 150m.
During practice of construction, can according to specific needs, the aperture of described pre-splitting hole, length and the corner dimension between described pre-splitting hole and horizontal direction are adjusted accordingly.
In the present embodiment, need the thickness of working seam to be 5m ~ 6m, each presplitting sections drill through pre-splitting hole quantity be one.To drill through that pre-splitting hole is with current coal-face be the boring of parallel laying, the length of each presplitting sections is 10m ~ 15m.
That is, the spacing between adjacent two described pre-splitting holes is consistent with the length of presplitting sections, and the spacing namely between adjacent two described pre-splitting holes is 10m ~ 15m.
Step 102, carbon dioxide presplitting: in first bored in a step 101 each pre-splitting hole, carbon dioxide presplitting device be all installed and carry out sealing of hole, sealed borehole length 8m ~ 10m; Detonate afterwards, presplitting is carried out to the described working seam that needs.
In the present embodiment, when described carbon dioxide presplitting device is installed in described pre-splitting hole, in each pre-splitting hole, all centrally axis direction installs multiple described carbon dioxide presplitting device from front to back, the length of described carbon dioxide presplitting device is 1.5m ~ 2.5m and its diameter is Φ 50mm ~ Φ 55mm, and in described carbon dioxide presplitting device, institute's injecting carbon dioxide is the liquid carbon dioxide of 0.5kg ~ 1.2kg.The sidewall of described carbon dioxide presplitting device has radial eruption hole.After detonating, the shock wave that carbon dioxide causes laterally breaks out.The fixed mechanism of fixed cover starts with explosion, prevents described carbon dioxide presplitting device from penetrating in described pre-splitting hole.
During practice of construction, can according to specific needs, in the length of described carbon dioxide presplitting device and diameter and described carbon dioxide presplitting device inject liquid carbon dioxide weight adjust accordingly.
In the present embodiment, when described carbon dioxide presplitting device is installed in described pre-splitting hole, except the sealing of hole section of described pre-splitting hole, at the remainder of described pre-splitting hole, described carbon dioxide presplitting device is all installed, that is, described carbon dioxide presplitting device is arranged on the front end of described pre-splitting hole.
In the present embodiment, carry out sealing of hole with stemming.After explosion, reclaim described carbon dioxide presplitting device in order to reusing next time.
Step 103, water injection pipe are installed: after in step 102, carbon dioxide presplitting completes, equal installation high-voltage water injection pipe in each pre-splitting hole, and carry out sealing of hole and sealed borehole length is 8m ~ 10m.
In the present embodiment, after in step 102, carbon dioxide presplitting completes, the sealing section of each pre-splitting hole is in serviceable condition, and when installing described high pressure water injection pipe in step 103, installs in the described sealing section specifically in a step 102 in carbon dioxide presplitting process.
In the present embodiment, when carrying out carbon dioxide presplitting, its presplitting principle is identical with carbon dioxide blasting principle, first (also claim described carbon dioxide presplitting pipe by multiple described carbon dioxide presplitting device, it is the inner high-voltage tube that liquid carbon dioxide is housed) be fit into one by one from front to back in described pre-splitting hole, adopt again and ignite electric current or mode of heating, to the carbon dioxide in described carbon dioxide presplitting device rapidly from liquid conversion be gaseous state, within the time of about 40ms, fill carbon dioxide volume expansion reach more than 600 times, overpressure in described carbon dioxide presplitting device increases to 270MPa ~ 400MPa.Now, carbon dioxide erupts hole through radial direction, is rapidly to outer outburst, utilizes the powerful thrust produced instantaneously, and cause coal body along drill hole wall self-open broken, thus reach presplitting effect, overall process completes in 1s.
The head of described carbon dioxide presplitting device has 2 ~ 3 release CO
2pressure relief vent, and each pressure relief vent is all provided with relief valve.
In the present embodiment, the CO of described carbon dioxide presplitting device
2air release volume is 150L ~ 600L, and the explosive reaction time is about 40ms, and burst pressure is 270MPa ~ 400MPa.
Actual when carrying out carbon dioxide presplitting, described carbon dioxide presplitting device is arranged on the front end (also claiming top) of described pre-splitting hole, and use wire to connect between adjacent two described carbon dioxide presplitting devices, adopt the diameter of sealing tube consistent with the aperture of sealed pre-splitting hole.During actual installation, the maximum degree of depth going deep into pre-splitting hole of described carbon dioxide presplitting device is about 60 meters, adopts and manually installs.After explosion, hole sealing tube and described carbon dioxide presplitting device are taken out, carry out multiplexing.
In actual use procedure, carbon dioxide presplitting has following characteristics:
The first, blasting process does not have spark, to the bursting work of highly gassy mine, particularly safe;
The second, plasting damage effect is large, and amount polylith is large, decreases the labour intensity of workman, and can not cause the generation of blowing out and collapsing people's accident.After explosion, coal cinder becomes block rate high, and fine coal ratio reduces, substantially not airborne dust, greatly reduces coal dust hidden danger.
Three, low pressure initiator is adopted, safety of detonating.
Four, not there is destructive concussion or seismic wave, decrease and bring out outstanding probability.
Five, do not need to carry out testing big gun, just can enter people after explosion, can work continuously.
Six, carbon dioxide presplitting device does not belong to the quick-fried product of the people, and transport, storage and use obtain exempts examination & approval, does not also need the special person of blowing out.
In the present embodiment, during installation high-voltage water injection pipe, also need to install the liquid injection system connected with described high pressure water injection pipe, described liquid injection system is made up of water injecting pump (containing compression pump, water tank, pressure meter, safety valve, overflow valve etc.), high pressure steel wire sebific duct, difunctional High-pressure watermeter and high pressure rubber automatic hole sealing device.
In the present embodiment, described water injecting pump adopts BRW200/31.5 emulsion pump.
During actual use, also can adopt the water injecting pump of other type.
In the present embodiment, described high-pressure water pipe is D50 high-pressure hose.During actual use, also can adopt the high-pressure water pipe of other type.
Step 104, hydrofracturing: by described high pressure water injection pipe to water filling in each pre-splitting hole, carry out hydrofracturing; Now, the Advance presplitting process when Anterior Segment is completed.
In the present embodiment, when carrying out hydrofracturing, water injection pressure controls at 8MPa ~ 10Mpa, and water filling penetration radius is 9m ~ 11m, and the water injection time of each pre-splitting hole is 8 days ~ 10 days, and total water injection rate of each pre-splitting hole is 556m
3~ 600m
3, and injection flow is 0.3m
3/ h ~ 2.0m
3/ h.
During practice of construction, can according to specific needs, water injection pressure, water filling penetration radius, water injection time, total water injection rate and the water injection rate in the unit interval be adjusted accordingly.
Wherein, when water injection pressure is adjusted, till water injection pressure should control to the infiltration that coal body is occurred to a certain degree; The water injection time of each pre-splitting hole has water overflow and have obvious water yield increase to be as the criterion with coal body; According to actual water filling situation, total water injection rate of each pre-splitting hole calculates to be not less than the moisture increment in coal seam 0.5%; Adopt the ratio of active water, determine according to on-the-spot coal seam coefficient of softening.
In the present embodiment, the method adopting carbon dioxide presplitting to combine with hydrofracturing carries out Advance presplitting, with traditional hydraulic pressure demolition unlike: do not re-use the aqueous gels that safety of coal mines is constituted a threat to, use safe carbon dioxide presplitting device instead, the same effect getting the broken presplitting in coal seam, and coal seam presplitting effect is better, safer, reliable.
Carbon dioxide fracturing and water deep hole blasting match by the present invention, hydrofracturing is implemented after carbon dioxide fracturing completes, utilize the artificial crack that carbon dioxide explosion is formed, carry out hydrofracturing and crack is further expanded, thus reach better coal seam presplitting effect.
In the present embodiment, actual when carrying out water filling, institute's water filling is active water, and adopts the fan-shaped mixing water flooding regime of single pump.Pass through injected active water and can allow the abundant presplitting of coal body and fragmentation, weaken coal seam.
Step 105, according to the method described in step 101 to step 104, presplitting is carried out to next sections.
Step 106, repeatedly repetition step 105, until complete the described whole Advance presplitting processes needing working seam.
In the present embodiment, in step 101 to drill through that pre-splitting hole is with current coal-face be the boring of parallel laying.When the method adopting carbon dioxide presplitting to combine with hydrofracturing in step one carries out Advance presplitting, the length of each presplitting sections is 10m ~ 15m.That is, each time after Advance presplitting, the scope of presplitting is the scope of length 10m ~ 15m.Now, each presplitting sections only needs to drill through a pre-splitting hole.
In practice of construction process, specifically can need, the length of each Advance presplitting sections is adjusted accordingly.
In the present embodiment, each Advance presplitting sections all adopts one to be the pre-splitting hole of parallel laying with current coal-face.Further, the spacing between adjacent two the described pre-splitting holes in front and back is 10m ~ 15m.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 7, in the present embodiment, institute's employing coal-winning machine as different from Example 1: described grooving part is the spiral cutter device 12 be arranged on the cylinder of described coal-winning machine.
In the present embodiment, described spiral cutter device 12 is driven by passing driving mechanism and carries out front and back passing, is in transmission connection between described spiral cutter device 12 and described passing driving mechanism.
In the present embodiment, described spiral cutter device 12 is augers.
Actual when using, the diameter of described augers is 80mm ~ 120mm and its length is 700mm ~ 900mm, adopt spiral cutter device 12 cut the groove width of miniature grooving and groove depth is respectively 80mm ~ 120mm and 700mm ~ 900mm.
In the present embodiment, the diameter of described augers is 100mm and its length is 800mm, adopt spiral cutter device 12 cut the groove width of miniature grooving and groove depth is respectively 100mm and 800mm.During practice of construction, can according to specific needs, the diameter of spiral cutter device 12 and length are adjusted accordingly.
During actual installation, the cylinder drive shaft 16 of described augers and coal mining machine roller to be connected and it is coaxially arranged on cylinder drive shaft 16 outer end in coaxial.
In the present embodiment, the other parts structure and parameter of institute's employing coal-winning machine is all identical with embodiment 1.
In the present embodiment, the seam mining method adopted, as different from Example 1: when described coal-winning machine is single ended shearer, one-way coal cutting mode is adopted to carry out in recovery process in step 2, coal cutting is carried out in first feed, and adopts spiral cutter device 12 on rib, cut described miniature grooving together in return stroke.When described coal-winning machine is double-ended shearer, the front roll 6 of described coal-winning machine and/or back roll 9 are provided with spiral cutter device 12; Adopt in step 2 in one-way coal cutting mode recovery process, coal cutting is carried out in first feed, and adopts spiral cutter device 12 to cut on rib together in return stroke or miniature grooving described in twice.
In the present embodiment, adopt all the other steps of seam mining method and technological parameter all identical with embodiment 1.
The above; it is only preferred embodiment of the present invention; not the present invention is imposed any restrictions, every above embodiment is done according to the technology of the present invention essence any simple modification, change and equivalent structure change, all still belong in the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a lump coal exploitation coal-winning machine, the cutting part comprising fuselage (1) and be arranged on fuselage (1), described cutting part comprises the rocking arm be hinged on fuselage (1), the cylinder being arranged on described rocking arm front end and the cutting motor driven described cylinder, be in transmission connection by transmission mechanism between the cylinder drive shaft (16) of described cutting motor and described cylinder, it is characterized in that: described cylinder is provided with multiple helical blade (13), the quantity of helical blade (13)
wherein, D is the width of helical blade (13), and P is the pitch of helical blade (13); The helical angle of described helical blade (13) is 5 ° ~ 30 °;
The quantity of the upper set pick (14) of each described helical blade (13) is m; Wherein the value of m is determined by the hardness factor f of institute's working seam: when the hardness factor f of institute's working seam is 2.5 ~ 3.5, m=7 ~ 10; When the hardness factor f of institute's working seam is greater than 3.5, m=9 ~ 17.
2., according to a kind of lump coal exploitation coal-winning machine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: quantity n=2 ~ 4 of described helical blade (13).
3. according to a kind of lump coal exploitation coal-winning machine described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the arrangement mode of the upper set pick (14) of described helical blade (13) is chequered order.
4. according to a kind of lump coal exploitation coal-winning machine according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: also comprise the grooving part for cutting miniature grooving on rib, described miniature grooving is straight rectangular channel; Described grooving part is install spiral cutter device (12) on which cylinder or high pressure jer cutting device.
5. according to a kind of lump coal exploitation coal-winning machine according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described spiral cutter device (12) is augers, the diameter of described augers is 80mm ~ 120mm and its length is 700mm ~ 900mm, adopt spiral cutter device (12) cut the groove width of miniature grooving and groove depth is respectively 80mm ~ 120mm and 700mm ~ 900mm;
Adopt described high pressure jer cutting device cut the groove width of miniature grooving and groove depth is respectively 20mm ~ 50mm and 20mm ~ 50mm.
6. adopt coal-winning machine as claimed in claim 1 to carry out a method for seam mining, it is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
Step one, production practice setting parameter: before exploitation, first set production practice parameter, process is as follows:
Step I, drum rotation speed set: the thickness according to institute's working seam sets drum rotation speed: when institute's working seam be thickness is the girdle of 0.8m ~ 1.5m, drum rotation speed is 50r/min ~ 70r/min; When institute's working seam be thickness is the medium-thickness seam of 1.5m ~ 3.5m, drum rotation speed is 30r/min ~ 50r/min; When institute's working seam be thickness is the high seam of more than 3.5m, drum rotation speed is 20r/min ~ 30r/min;
Step II, hauling speed set: the hauling speed of described coal-winning machine is set as 3m/min ~ 6m/min;
Step III, thickness of cutting set: the thickness of cutting of described coal mining machine roller is set as 40mm ~ 80mm;
Step IV, drum rotating direction setting: when described coal-winning machine is double-ended shearer, need carry out drum rotating direction setting; On described double-ended shearer fill cutting units quantity be two, two described cutting units be respectively be arranged on fuselage (1) outside before and after the front cutting units of both sides and rear cutting units; The cylinder of described front cutting units is front roll (6), and the cylinder of described rear cutting units is back roll (9); The direction of rotation of described front roll (6) and back roll (9) is contrary, and wherein the direction of rotation of front roll (6) is for turning clockwise, and the direction of rotation of described back roll (9) is for being rotated counterclockwise;
Step V, cut depth-set: be 50mm ~ 100mm by the cut depth-set of described cylinder;
Step 2, seam mining: adopt described coal-winning machine and carry out seam mining according to operational parameter set in step I to step V, the coal cutting mode adopted during exploitation is one-way coal cutting mode.
7. in accordance with the method for claim 6, it is characterized in that: described coal-winning machine is provided with the grooving part for cutting miniature grooving on rib, described miniature grooving is straight rectangular channel and its length direction along rib is laid; Described grooving part is install spiral cutter device (12) on which cylinder or high pressure jer cutting device;
In step 2 in seam mining process, adopt described grooving part to cut on rib together or miniature grooving described in twice, miniature grooving described in twice is parallel laying.
8. according to the method described in claim 6 or 7, it is characterized in that: before carrying out seam mining in step 2, first along working face of coal seam direction of propulsion, to far away, ahead work face presplitting is carried out to institute's working seam by near; When carrying out seam mining in step 2, the coal seam after Advance presplitting is exploited to far away by near.
9. in accordance with the method for claim 7, it is characterized in that: when described coal-winning machine is single ended shearer, adopt one-way coal cutting mode to carry out in recovery process in step 2, coal cutting is carried out in first feed, and adopts described grooving part on rib, cut described miniature grooving together in return stroke;
When described coal-winning machine is double-ended shearer, described front roll (6) and/or back roll (9) are provided with described grooving part; Adopt in step 2 in one-way coal cutting mode recovery process, coal cutting is carried out in first feed, and adopts described grooving part to cut on rib together in return stroke or miniature grooving described in twice.
10. according to the method described in claim 7 or 9, it is characterized in that: when adopting described grooving part to cut one described miniature grooving on rib, the described miniature grooving cut is positioned at 1/2 mining height position of described coal-winning machine;
When adopting described grooving part to cut miniature grooving described in twice on rib, miniature grooving described in the twice of cutting lays respectively at 1/3 mining height position and the 2/3 mining height position of described coal-winning machine.
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| CN103883326B (en) * | 2014-01-28 | 2016-01-20 | 中国矿业大学 | Based on the shearer drum height adjustment method of coal seam seismic survey and Geo-informatic Tupu |
| CN105507902B (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2018-04-03 | 平顶山天安煤业股份有限公司 | Coal petrography is classified recovery method with mining face |
| CN110195586B (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2020-03-27 | 中国矿业大学 | Device and method for improving thickness of coal seam mined by coal mining machine by using abrasive jet flow |
| CN110939446B (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2020-11-03 | 中国矿业大学 | Steering method for mining area of ultra-thick inclined coal seam |
| CN110702480A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2020-01-17 | 山东科技大学 | Experimental system for simulating impact presplitting and cutting |
| CN114060033A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-02-18 | 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 | Energy-saving loss-reducing coal mining method and coal mining machine |
| CN114934747B (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2023-03-14 | 中南大学 | Phase-change presplitting combined tunneling drill bit and method |
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