CN103541675A - Well cementation flushing fluid evaluation device and method based on principle of identical shearing rate - Google Patents
Well cementation flushing fluid evaluation device and method based on principle of identical shearing rate Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a well cementation flushing fluid evaluation device and method based on the principle of the identical shearing rate. The device is mainly composed of a manmade rock core or a steel pillar, an outer cylinder, a conversion adapter, a transmission device, a motor, a frame, a bearing plate and a thick liquid cup. The bearing plate and the motor are arranged on the frame. The thick liquid cup filled with flushing fluid is arranged on the bearing plate. The manmade rock core or steel pillar and the outer cylinder are located in the flushing fluid in the thick liquid cup. The manmade rock core or steel pillar is fixed on the frame through the conversion adapter. The outer cylinder is connected with the motor through the transmission device. The outer cylinder is provided with two rows of round holes for the flushing fluid to flow and the intervals of round holes of each row are 90 degrees. According to the well cementation flushing fluid evaluation device and method based on the principle of the identical shearing rate, the manmade rock core or the steel pillar is used for simulating a well wall and a casing pipe under a static state and the well cementation flushing fluid evaluation device and method are closer to engineering practice. The well cementation flushing fluid evaluation device and method based on the principle of the identical shearing rate have the advantages of being easy to operate, high in relative property and wide in application range and can measure the flushing efficiencies of a first interface and a second interface of well cementation by the flushing fluid respectively. According to the flushing efficiencies and the flushing time, a flushing fluid system is selected in an optimization mode and the use amount of the flushing fluid is designed. The well cementation flushing fluid evaluation device and method based on the principle of the identical shearing rate have the wide market prospect.
Description
Technical field
Evaluating apparatus and the method for flushing liquor flush efficiency the present invention relates to cement the well in oil exploration and development fields drilling engineering.
Background technology
In well cementing process, the mud cake that on the drilling fluid that casing wall adheres to and the borehole wall, drilling fluid dehydration forms will directly affect the bonding quality of Behavior of Hardened Cement Paste and sleeve pipe and the borehole wall.In order to improve well cementation bonding quality and to extend the oil well life-span, need to remove drilling fluid on casing wall and the drilling fluid mud cake on the borehole wall.For this problem, before well cementing operation, need to inject a certain amount of flushing liquor casing wall and the borehole wall are rinsed, peel off wall cake, improve well cementation interface, be good cementing create conditions of cement paste with well cementation interface.Through years development, in the research aspect well cementation flushing liquor, obtained very much progress both at home and abroad, but do not formed yet unified evaluation means for the flush efficiency evaluation aspect of flushing liquor.
Through the literature search of existing well cementation flushing liquor evaluating apparatus is found, Chinese utility model patent " well cementation flushing liquor flush efficiency quantitative simulation evaluating apparatus " (CN203161216U), this patent is according to the relation between rotation viscometer principle medium speed and wall shear rate, by the rotating speed of adjusting device, reading pointer reading, the wall shear stress of cylindrical shaft wall and the wall shear stress of down-hole annular are close, and under this rotating speed, evaluate the flush efficiency of flushing liquor to cylindrical shaft wall.This device is to simulate static casing wall or the borehole wall with the urceolus of viscometer rotation, have the impact of rotary centrifugal force and can not simulate the problem that artificial core forms mud cake, and measuring process is more loaded down with trivial details.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of well cementation flushing liquor evaluating apparatus that equates principle based on shear rate, the principle that this device equates with the shear rate of the annular space wall of cementing the well based on artificial core or steel column wall, utilize artificial core or steel column to simulate the borehole wall and the sleeve pipe under static state, more approaches engineering is actual, there is feature simple to operate, that contrast property is strong, applied widely, overcome the deficiency existing in flushing liquor developing result Simulation evaluation.
Another object of the present invention is also to provide the method for utilizing said apparatus to evaluate the flush efficiency of well cementation flushing liquor, the method principle is reliable, easy and simple to handle, can record respectively the flush efficiency of flushing liquor to first, second interface of cementing the well, and according to flush efficiency and washing time preferably flushing liquor system and design flushing liquor use amount, there are wide market prospects.
For reaching above technical purpose, the invention provides following technical scheme.
The present invention is based on the principle that artificial core or steel column wall equate with the shear rate of well cementation annular space wall, with the static permeability artificial core simulation borehole wall, with static steel column analog casing, in conjunction with well cementation casing programme and annular space, return speed simultaneously, more true, reliable to the evaluation of the flush efficiency of flushing liquor in well cementing process.
Shear rate equates a well cementation flushing liquor evaluating apparatus for principle, mainly artificial core or steel column, urceolus, crossover sub, transmission device, motor, framework, Support tray, slurry cup, consists of.
On the described framework that is positioned on base, have can free adjustment height Support tray and motor, on described Support tray, place the slurry cup that flushing liquor is housed, described artificial core or steel column, urceolus are all in the flushing liquor in slurry cup, described artificial core or steel column are fixed on framework by crossover sub, described urceolus is connected with motor by transmission device, described motor is connected with speed regulator, regulates the rotating speed of urceolus.
Artificial core or the steel column simulation borehole wall or sleeve pipe for this device, urceolus is rotated by driven by motor, and the flushing liquor that rotarily drives by urceolus washes away static artificial core or steel column.By speed regulator, regulate the rotating speed of urceolus, utilize the change of rotating speed to obtain different shear rates, i.e. the change by urceolus rotating speed makes artificial core or steel column wall shear rate equate with well cementation annular space wall shear rate.
Described urceolus has two rows for flushing liquor mobile circular hole, each row's circular hole be spaced apart 90 °.
Described Support tray can regulate and highly make flushing liquor liquid level in slurry cup mud cake or the clay coating top not forming on artificial core or steel column completely.
Utilize the method for this device evaluating cementing flushing liquor, by artificial core, in drilling fluid, to form mud cake simulated formation mud cake, or steel column adheres to the situation that clay coating analog casing adheres to drilling fluid in drilling fluid, weighing has the artificial core of mud cake or has the steel column of clay coating in the quality of rinsing certain hour front and back, and artificial core without mud cake or steel column the quality during without clay coating, to rinse the flush efficiency of percentage quantitative description well cementation flushing liquor to stratum mud cake or sleeve pipe clay coating that rinses out mud cake or clay coating in certain hour.
The flush efficiency at steel column simulation well cementation the first interface for the present invention, by the flush efficiency of artificial core simulation well cementation second contact surface.
Described urceolus is rotated by driven by motor, and regulates its rotating speed by speed regulator, obtains different shear rates, and the derivation of urceolus rotating speed R is as follows:
According to well cementation casing programme and annular space on average return speed, the shear rate of its well annular space wall be calculated as follows (Huang Yiren. be applicable to the Robertson one Si Difu pattern [J] of drilling fluid. Southwest Petroleum Institute journal, 1982(2): 16):
In formula: γ
1for wall place shear rate, s
-1v is that annular space on average returns speed, m/s; D is borehole diameter, m; D is sleeve pipe external diameter, m.
According to conventional urceolus rotation, when inner core is static, the shear rate of inner core outer surface meets following formula (Liu Chongjian, Ding Yuanning. how to use the rheological property [J] of rotary viscometer Accurate Determining non-newtonian liquid. Southwest Petroleum Institute, 1979(1): 67), being calculated as follows of apparatus of the present invention inner tank theca shear rate:
In formula: γ
0for rock core or steel column outer surface shear rate, s
-1r is urceolus rotating speed, r/min; D
0for urceolus internal diameter, m; d
0for rock core or steel column external diameter, m.
According to the design principle γ of apparatus of the present invention
0=γ
1, urceolus rotating speed R of the present invention asks for by following formula:
Described flush efficiency F(%) by (2) formula, calculate:
In formula: G
1for the quality of steel column after artificial core after formation mud cake or adhesion clay coating, g;
G
2for steel column after artificial core after formation mud cake or adhesion clay coating rinses the quality after certain hour, g;
G
3after rinsing certain hour, wash away again the artificial core of surface residue mud cake or wash away the quality that surface remains the steel column of clay coating, g.
Two or more flushing liquor of described evaluation is good and bad and while selecting good flushing liquor, can only select one of steel column or artificial core, use same drilling fluid, returns fast in the situation that simulating identical flushing, evaluates respectively the flush efficiency of each flushing liquor.Flush efficiency is better higher, is first-selected flushing liquor; Otherwise lower poorer of flush efficiency, as not selecting object.
Described flushing liquor consumption N(r/min) by (3) formula, calculate:
N＝l5π(D
2-d
2)Vt （3）
In formula: t is for being used selected flushing liquor under the condition of simulation rotating speed R, and the flush efficiency of artificial core or steel column reached for 100% needed time, min.
Utilization equates the method for the well cementation flushing liquor evaluating apparatus evaluation flushing liquor of principle based on shear rate, comprise the following steps successively:
(1) according to on-the-spot casing programme and annular space, on average return speed, obtain the shear rate of annular space wall, by following formula, calculate and equate with this shear rate or corresponding urceolus rotating speed R when close:
(2) artificial core or steel column are placed in drilling fluid, artificial core outer wall are formed on mud cake or steel column and adhere to after drilling fluid clay coating, weigh the quality G of steel column after forming the artificial core of mud cake or being stained with clay coating
1;
(3) according to the flushing fluid of cementing operation design, with flushing liquor, with annular space, on average return rotating speed corresponding to speed and wash away after artificial core or steel column certain hour, weigh the quality G of artificial core or steel column
2;
(4), after the surperficial mud cake of artificial core after rinsing or the clay coating on steel column surface are washed to the greatest extent, weigh the quality G of artificial core or steel column
3;
(5) by following formula, calculate the flush efficiency F of flushing liquor:
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) static permeability artificial core simulated formation for the present invention, with static steel column analog casing, and returns speed in conjunction with well cementation casing programme and annular space, evaluates respectively the flush efficiency of flushing liquor to cement the well the first interface and second contact surface, evaluates more approaches engineering reality;
(2) the present invention utilizes artificial core or steel column wall and the principle that well cementation annular space wall place shear rate equates, does not relate to rheological parameter and the reheology model of fluid, principle science, easy and simple to handle;
(3) the present invention's contrast property is strong, easy and simple to handle, applied widely, not only can evaluate the flush efficiency of flushing liquor, also can optimize flushing liquor system and design flushing liquor use amount according to flush efficiency and washing time, has broad application prospects.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of apparatus of the present invention.
In figure: 1-artificial core or steel column, 2-urceolus, 3-crossover sub, 4-transmission device, 5-speed regulator, 6-motor, 7-framework, 8-base, 9-Support tray, 10-slurry cup.
Fig. 2 is the generalized section of urceolus.
In figure: 11-M40 screw thread, 12-groove, 13-circular hole.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Referring to Fig. 1.
Shear rate equates a well cementation flushing liquor evaluating apparatus for principle, mainly artificial core or steel column 1, urceolus 2, crossover sub 3, transmission device 4, motor 6, framework 7, Support tray 9, slurry cup 10, consists of.
On the described framework 7 that is positioned on base 8, have can free adjustment height Support tray 9 and motor 6, on described Support tray, place the slurry cup 10 that flushing liquor is housed, described artificial core or steel column 1, urceolus 2 are all in the flushing liquor in slurry cup, described artificial core or steel column are fixed on framework by crossover sub 3, described urceolus is connected with motor by transmission device 4, described motor is connected with speed regulator 5, regulates the rotating speed of urceolus.
Described urceolus has two rows for flushing liquor mobile circular hole, each row's circular hole be spaced apart 90 °.
Utilize fixing artificial core or steel column 1 to simulate the borehole wall or the sleeve pipe under static state, the flushing liquor that rotarily drives by urceolus 2 washes away the static borehole wall or sleeve pipe, so the height of Support tray should be adjusted to and makes a flushing liquor liquid level in slurry cup mud cake or the clay coating top not forming on artificial core or steel column completely.
The simulation artificial core of the borehole wall or the steel column diameter of analog casing are 25.00mm, and height is 40.00mm; The internal diameter of urceolus is 27.60mm, wall thickness 2.00mm, and height is 83.90mm.
Referring to Fig. 2.
Urceolus is connected with transmission device by screw thread 11, and urceolus has a groove 12 apart from 60.0mm place, its bottom, at urceolus, has the circular hole 13 that two row's diameters are 3.0mm around near below groove, and center of circular hole is respectively apart from groove 3.0mm and 9.0mm, and circular hole is spaced apart 90 °.
The flush efficiency test experiments of embodiment 1 flushing liquor to the borehole wall or sleeve pipe
(1) diameter 215.90mm well is lowered to external diameter 139.70mm sleeve pipe, and with the annular space of 0.5m/s, on average return speed and replace drilling fluid, while using flushing liquor A to rinse 8min, the flush efficiency while evaluating flushing liquor A to the flushing 8min of the borehole wall.
The first step, by (1) formula, calculating the rotating speed needing is 67.5r/min.Second step, is arranged on artificial core on device of the present invention, and in drilling fluid, urceolus forms after mud cake with the rotating speed rotation 30min of 67.5r/min, and the rock core that takes off formation drilling fluid mud cake is weighed as 56.86g.The 3rd step, reinstalls device of the present invention by the rock core that forms mud cake, with flushing liquor A to be evaluated, replaces drilling fluid, and with same rotating speed (67.5r/min) rotation 8min, the rock core taking off after flushing is weighed as 49.43g.The 4th step, is weighed as 48.52g after the mud cake of the core surface after rinsing is washed to the greatest extent.The 5th step, the flush efficiency while calculating with artificial core simulation borehole wall use flushing liquor A flushing 8min by (2) formula is 89.09%.
(2) diameter 215.90mm well is lowered to external diameter 139.70mm sleeve pipe, on average returns speed replace drilling fluid with the annular space of 1.5m/s, while using flushing liquor B to rinse 10min, evaluates the flush efficiency of flushing liquor B to sleeve pipe.
The first step, by (1) formula, calculating the rotating speed needing is 202.5r/min.Second step, is arranged on steel column on device of the present invention, and in drilling fluid, urceolus forms after clay coating with the rotating speed rotation 30min of 202.5r/min, and the steel column that takes off formation drilling fluid clay coating is weighed as 144.31g.The 3rd step, reinstalls device of the present invention by the steel column that forms clay coating, with flushing liquor B to be evaluated, replaces drilling fluid, and with same rotating speed (202.5r/min) rotation 6min, the steel column taking off after flushing is weighed as 140.13g.The 4th step, is weighed as 139.33g after the clay coating on the steel column surface after rinsing is washed to the greatest extent.The 5th step, by (2) formula, calculating by the flush efficiency that steel column analog casing is used flushing liquor B to rinse 6min is 83.94%.
Diameter 215.90mm well is lowered to external diameter 139.70mm sleeve pipe, on average returns speed replace drilling fluid with the annular space of 1.2m/s, evaluates the developing result quality of flushing liquor A, B and C to select flushing liquor.
While evaluating multiple flushing liquor good and bad, available steel column or artificial core both one of the size of flush efficiency of analog casing or the borehole wall.This example is used steel column to evaluate.
The first step, by (1) formula, calculating the rotating speed needing is 162.0r/min.Second step, is arranged on steel column on device of the present invention, and in drilling fluid, urceolus forms after clay coating with the rotating speed rotation 30min of 162.0r/min, and the steel column that takes off adhesion drilling fluid clay coating is weighed as 146.23g.The 3rd step, reinstalls device of the present invention by the steel column that forms clay coating, with flushing liquor A to be evaluated, replaces drilling fluid, and with same rotating speed (162.0r/min) rotation 5min, the steel column taking off after flushing is weighed as 141.53g.The 4th step, is weighed as 139.31g after the clay coating on the steel column surface after rinsing is washed to the greatest extent.The 5th step, by (2) formula, calculating by the flush efficiency that steel column analog casing is used flushing liquor A to rinse 5min is 67.92%.
Repeat above-mentioned second step to the five steps, flushing liquor replaces with respectively B and C, the steel column that records adhesion clay coating is respectively 146.54g and 145.92g, after flushing 5min, the quality of steel column is respectively 140.64g and 139.96g, washing the steel column of weighing after most clay coating is 139.35g, and the flush efficiency that calculates flushing liquor B and C is respectively 54.24% and 90.72%.
From above-mentioned evaluation result, flushing liquor A, B and C, to same drilling fluid, the in the situation that of identical flushing speed and time, flush efficiency is respectively 67.92%, 54.24% and 90.72%.Therefore, the relative flush efficiency of flushing liquor C is the highest, in the situation that not considering other factors, should select flushing liquor C.
Implement 3 flushing liquor consumption designs
With diameter 215.90mm well, be lowered to external diameter 139.70mm sleeve pipe, with the annular space of 0.8m/s and 1.2m/s, on average return speed respectively and replace drilling fluid M, design the reasonable volume of these the two kinds S of flushing liquor while returning speed.
The first step, by (1) formula, calculating respectively the rotating speed needing while returning fast 0.8m/s and 1.2m/s is respectively 108.0r/min and 162.0r/min.Second step, is arranged on artificial core on device of the present invention, and in drilling fluid, urceolus forms after mud cake with the rotating speed rotation 30min of 108.0r/min, and the rock core that takes off formation drilling fluid mud cake is weighed as 145.78g.The 3rd step, the rock core that forms mud cake is reinstalled to device of the present invention, with flushing liquor S to be evaluated, replace drilling fluid, with same rotating speed (108.0r/min), rinse certain hour until take off rock core after flushing and weigh while approaching the quality without mud cake, record its quality, washing time is now considered as flush efficiency and reaches 100% washing time.Core quality after this example is rinsed when 12.5min is rinsed in simulation is 139.53g.The 4th step, is weighed as 139.32g after the clay coating of the core surface after rinsing is washed to the greatest extent.The 5th step, calculates by the flush efficiency that the rock core simulation borehole wall is used flushing liquor S to rinse 12.5min by (2) formula and is 96.75%, has approached 100%, can be considered the borehole wall and rinses well.The 6th step, the speed of returning calculating with 0.8m/s by (3) formula replaces drilling fluid, and the amount that need to use flushing liquor S is 12.8.
Repeat the above-mentioned second to the 6th step, with the speed of returning of 1.2m/s, replace drilling fluid, when 7min36s is rinsed in simulation, flushable clean, calculate that to need the amount of flushing liquor S be 10.1.
From the above results, for original casing programme and drilling fluid, as replaced so that returning of 0.8m/s and 1.2m/s is fast respectively, the design quantity of flushing liquor at least should be respectively 12.8 and 10.1, just can reach the effect of rinsing the borehole wall well.
For those of ordinary skills, can be improved according to the above description or convert, and all these improvement and conversion all should belong to the protection domain of requirement of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a well cementation flushing liquor evaluating apparatus that equates principle based on shear rate, mainly by artificial core or steel column (1), urceolus (2), crossover sub (3), transmission device (4), motor (6), framework (7), Support tray (9), slurry cup (10) forms, it is characterized in that, on the described framework (7) that is positioned on base (8), have can free adjustment height Support tray (9) and motor (6), on described Support tray, place the slurry cup (10) that flushing liquor is housed, described artificial core or steel column (1), urceolus (2) is all in the flushing liquor in slurry cup, described artificial core or steel column are fixed on framework by crossover sub (3), described urceolus is connected with motor by transmission device (4), described motor is connected with speed regulator (5), described urceolus has two rows for flushing liquor mobile circular hole, each row's circular hole be spaced apart 90 °.
2. well cementation flushing liquor evaluating apparatus as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the height of described Support tray is adjusted to and makes flushing liquor liquid level in slurry cup mud cake or the clay coating top not forming on artificial core or steel column completely.
3. utilize device described in claim 1 to evaluate the method for flushing liquor, comprise the following steps successively:
(1) according to on-the-spot casing programme and annular space, on average return speed, obtain the shear rate of annular space wall, by following formula, calculate and equate with this shear rate or corresponding urceolus rotating speed R when close:
In formula: D
0for urceolus internal diameter, m, d
0for rock core or steel column external diameter, m, V is that annular space on average returns speed, m/s, D is borehole diameter, m, d is sleeve pipe external diameter, m;
(2) artificial core or steel column are placed in drilling fluid, artificial core outer wall are formed on mud cake or steel column and adhere to after drilling fluid clay coating, weigh the quality G of steel column after forming the artificial core of mud cake or being stained with clay coating
1;
(3) according to the flushing fluid of cementing operation design, with flushing liquor, with annular space, on average return rotating speed corresponding to speed and wash away after artificial core or steel column certain hour, weigh the quality G of artificial core or steel column
2;
(4), after the surperficial mud cake of artificial core after rinsing or the clay coating on steel column surface are washed to the greatest extent, weigh the quality G of artificial core or steel column
3;
(5) by following formula, calculate the flush efficiency F of flushing liquor:
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| CN104563924A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-29 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Device and method for evaluating flushing efficiency of well cementation flushing fluid |
| CN104675345A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2015-06-03 | 西南石油大学 | Engineering simulation set and method for quantitative evaluation of flushing efficiency of cementing pre-flushing fluid |
| CN104792596A (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2015-07-22 | 西南石油大学 | Dynamic mud cake forming device of drilling fluid and experimental method of dynamic mud cake forming device |
| CN104849404A (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2015-08-19 | 西南石油大学 | Well cementation flushing fluid evaluation device and experiment method thereof based on dynamic mud cake forming |
| CN106285526A (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2017-01-04 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Simulation Cementing rinses experimental provision and the experimental technique of mud cake |
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| CN104563924A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2015-04-29 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Device and method for evaluating flushing efficiency of well cementation flushing fluid |
| CN104675345A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2015-06-03 | 西南石油大学 | Engineering simulation set and method for quantitative evaluation of flushing efficiency of cementing pre-flushing fluid |
| CN104675345B (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2017-05-03 | 西南石油大学 | Engineering simulation set and method for quantitative evaluation of flushing efficiency of cementing pre-flushing fluid |
| CN104849404A (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2015-08-19 | 西南石油大学 | Well cementation flushing fluid evaluation device and experiment method thereof based on dynamic mud cake forming |
| CN104792596A (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2015-07-22 | 西南石油大学 | Dynamic mud cake forming device of drilling fluid and experimental method of dynamic mud cake forming device |
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| CN106285526B (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2019-04-09 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Simulate experimental provision and experimental method that Cementing rinses mud cake |
| CN108240185A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2018-07-03 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Evaluation device and method for well cementation flushing efficiency |
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| CN112444462A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2021-03-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for simulating and testing fluid scouring performance of shaft |
| CN114046144A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2022-02-15 | 西南石油大学 | Drilling fluid mud cake washing determination system and method based on equal shearing force and application |
| CN114923848A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-08-19 | 西南石油大学 | Device and method for evaluating flushing efficiency of high-temperature and high-pressure well cementation two-interface |
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