CN103331297A - Method for improving tea garden soil by utilizing biomass charcoals - Google Patents
Method for improving tea garden soil by utilizing biomass charcoals Download PDFInfo
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- CN103331297A CN103331297A CN2013102728767A CN201310272876A CN103331297A CN 103331297 A CN103331297 A CN 103331297A CN 2013102728767 A CN2013102728767 A CN 2013102728767A CN 201310272876 A CN201310272876 A CN 201310272876A CN 103331297 A CN103331297 A CN 103331297A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 title claims 13
- 235000009024 Ceanothus sanguineus Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 240000003553 Leptospermum scoparium Species 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 235000015459 Lycium barbarum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 62
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 62
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 abstract description 44
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- MPDGHEJMBKOTSU-YKLVYJNSSA-N 18beta-glycyrrhetic acid Chemical compound C([C@H]1C2=CC(=O)[C@H]34)[C@@](C)(C(O)=O)CC[C@]1(C)CC[C@@]2(C)[C@]4(C)CC[C@@H]1[C@]3(C)CC[C@H](O)C1(C)C MPDGHEJMBKOTSU-YKLVYJNSSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- -1 H + Substances 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000006468 Thea sinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical compound [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001665 lethal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C13/00—Machines or apparatus for consolidating soil around plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for improving tea garden soil by utilizing biomass charcoals. The method for improving tea garden soil by utilizing biomass charcoals is characterized by comprising the following steps of: ditching shallow trenches among tea tree lines of a tea garden, and spreading biomass charcoals uniformly; then turning over the biomass charcoals through mechanical or manual deep ploughing, mixing the biomass charcoals and soil, or ditching fertilization trenches among tea tree lines of the tea garden, spreading the biomass charcoals and fertilizers uniformly in the fertilization trenches, and lying soil on the surfaces of the fertilization trenches, wherein the use quantity of the biomass charcoals is 5-48t/hm<2>.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of utilizing biomass carbon improvement tea garden soil.
Background technology
Tea tree is crop, the mode of quite long interior plantation in period after the plantation, the kind of plantation all can not be changed, because long-term unification plantation, and the influence of tea tree self biological property can cause a series of ecological problems, and for example the tea place overextends the forest belt that causes and destroys and the soil erosion natural enemy minimizing that the monocrop plantation causes, soil acidification and leaching loss of nutrient most serious of all, the chemical fertilizer inefficiency.
In China, the tea place is that the soil degradation trend of principal character is day by day obvious with the acidifying, the yellowish soil pH value that tea is not planted on the Xue Bu tea plantation in Jiangsu Province is 5.37, plant tea and then reduced to 4.99～5.29 in 9 years, then reduced to 4.60～4.65 in 29 years behind the kind tea, plant tea 8O and then reduce to 3.62～4.03, the long-term fixed point observation in typical case tea plantation, Jiangsu shows that the tea garden soil pH value fall off rate of growing up reaches annual 0.2 unit; Red-yellow soil tea place, mountain region, Qimen County, Anhui Province, the age of tree are in the time of 6 years, and soil pH value is 5.0～6.3, and the age of tree reduced to 4.13～4.06 in the time of 19 years, and the age of tree dropped to 3.85～3.90 in the time of 23 years; Mountain region, Hangzhou tea test site yellow soil pH value when newly-built tea place is 5.0～5.5, and the pH value is down to 4.0～4.5 when planting tea 15-20.
The excessive acidifying of soil may cause soil compaction, the aeration variation, and the loss polluted underground water source of nutrients such as nitrogen phosphorus potassium, and cause the soil nutrient utilization rate to reduce thus, and then influence tea yield and quality is in the time of seriously even can cause tea tree death.Particularly it should be noted that soil acidification may cause that the activity of heavy metal-polluted soil element strengthens, and causes potential food safety risk.Although the result to lead content investigation in China's tealeaves thinks that China's tealeaves is safe basically, in food-safety problem extremely sensitive today.The heavy metal pollution risk of tealeaves is wanted great vigilance all the time.Control pollution risk as early as possible by effective ecologic planting pattern and meet the ecological strategy of China country by " emergency reaction " direction to " early warning reaction " evolution.
Liming is present common a kind of method of regulating soil aciditiy, but using of lime might cause a devastating effect to some proterties of soil (for example the soil texture, crumb structure), and geobiont is produced lethal effect.Fertilizer has double influence, can increase organic one side though fertilizer exists, thereby improves the ability of soil buffering, and simultaneously, also there is the tendency that promotes soil acidification in the organic acid in the fertilizer.
At the present present situation in tea place, how to slow down the speed of soil property acidifying effectively, appropriateness improves the pH value of tea garden soil, reduces the pollution of heavy metal, improves tea tree to the efficient that absorbs of soil nutrient, has become the problem that this area is paid close attention to.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, at the tea garden soil acidifying of managing all the year round at present, a series of problems such as heavy metal pollution is serious provide a kind of new method of utilizing biomass carbon improvement tea garden soil.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of method of utilizing biomass carbon improvement tea garden soil, it is characterized in that, tea tree in the tea place opens shallow ridges in the ranks earlier, evenly be sprinkled into biomass carbon, and then by machinery or manually deep plough biomass carbon turned over biomass carbon is mixed with soil, or excavate dressing furrow in the ranks the tea tree in tea place, living beings carbon and fertilizer evenly are sprinkled into dressing furrow rear surface earthing; The consumption of described biomass carbon is 5-48t/hm
2
In the present invention, earlier the tea tree in the tea place opens the dark ditch of 20-30cm in the ranks, evenly is sprinkled into biomass carbon, and then by machinery or manually turn over biomass carbon is mixed with soil, the acidifying of alleviation soil, the content of plumbous Pb and available state copper Cu in the reduction soil; The consumption of described biomass carbon is 10-14t/hm
2
In the present invention, open the shallow ridges of 15-20cm in the ranks the tea tree in tea place, evenly be sprinkled into biomass carbon, and then by machinery or manually turn over biomass carbon is mixed with soil, the remittance of lifting soil carbon; The consumption of described biomass carbon is 24-48t/hm
2
In the present invention, open the shallow ridges of 15-20cm in the ranks the tea tree in tea place, evenly be sprinkled into biomass carbon, and then by machinery or manually turn over biomass carbon is mixed with soil, the reduction soil weight; The consumption of described biomass carbon is 20-26t/hm
2
In the present invention, during fertilising, after the tea tree in tea place opened the dressing furrow of 20-30cm in the ranks, evenly is sprinkled into biomass carbon and fertilizer, surperficial earthing promoted fertilizer utilization ratio; The consumption of described biomass carbon is 5-10t/hm
2
In the present invention, described fertilizer is conventional fertilizer or conventional inorganic fertilizer or their combination that is applicable to tea tree.
The invention has the advantages that: because biomass carbon is porous and strong alkalescence, can adsorb the aluminium ion in the soil, H
+, acid ion, the acidity that can directly neutralize or alleviation acidification trend.After using biomass carbon in the tea place, can reduce the soil weight, improve retention capacity of soil, strengthen the aeration of tea garden soil, for the soil beneficial microbe provides suitable procreation place.Tea garden soil is used charcoal can reduce CO off season
2Discharging improves the soil charcoal and converges.Biomass carbon mixes use with fertilizer, can promote organic matter decomposition, strengthens soil supplying nutrient capability, can reduce nitrogen and phosphorus loss with chemical fertilizer is co-administered, improves fertilizer utilization ratio.
The specific embodiment
Testing used biomass carbon is the commercially available prod, is that biomass energy factory is with the residual substance of wheat stalk gained after 400 ℃ of following anaerobism pyrolysis gasifications.
Embodiment 1 is to alleviate acidifying and to reduce the biomass carbon application that heavy metal validity is target
Gather soil sample from the tea place in 30 years of Xue Bu town, Jintan City, Jiangsu plantation tea tree, surveying its pH is 4.01, through simulating lab test, sneaks into that pH is 4.51 behind 1.5% charcoal.
Outdoor field experiment is divided into test block and check plot with this tea place, and test block and check plot be excavation 0.3 Χ 0.3m shallow ridges in the tea tree row all, and wherein, the test block evenly is sprinkled into biomass carbon, amount of application 12t/hm
2, again with tillage machinery or manually deep plough biomass carbon turned over biomass carbon is mixed with soil, biomass carbon is not spread in the check plot, then by machinery or artificial deep ploughing.
Implementation result: the result who tests after 3 months shows that the test block soil pH value brings up to 4.57 by 4.01, and 0.56 unit rises; The check plot soil pH value is 4.00, and is constant substantially.Effective Pb content in the soil of test block is down to 22.5 mg/kg by 36.7mg/kg, reduces by 38.5%; Check plot available state Pb content 37.3mg/kg and compares substantially and remains unchanged before the test.Test block available state Cu content drops to 5.1mg/kg by 7.5mg/kg, and available state Cu content has descended 26.8%.Check plot available state Cu content 7.8mg/kg and compares substantially and remains unchanged before the test.
Embodiment 2 is the using of charcoal of target with improvement tea garden soil quality
On October 20th, 2012 is at the tea place in 20 years of Liyang temmoku Hu Chaqu plantation tea tree, sampling and measuring trial zone soil weight 1.48g/cm
3Mark off test block and check plot in the tea place, the test block is opened 15cm depth ditch in the ranks tea tree earlier, presses 24t//hm
2Use amount charcoal evenly is sprinkled into dressing furrow, manually turn over then biomass carbon mixed with soil.The check plot is opened 15cm depth ditch in the ranks tea tree, the earthing of manually turning over then.
On March 5th, 2013 was measured, the test block soil weight 1.27 g/cm
3, the soil weight obviously reduces.Check plot soil weight 1.50g/cm
3, with the test before compare unit weight not have substantially the variation.
Embodiment 3 biomass carbons are as the application of carbon remittance in tea garden soil
In November, 2012, in the tea place in 30 years of Jintan, Jiangsu Xue Bu Chaqu plantation tea tree, organic carbon content 1.26% in sampling and measuring soil, being equivalent to solid charcoal amount is 12.6t/m
3Mark off test block and check plot in the tea place, the test block is excavated the dark ditch of 30cm in the ranks tea tree, presses 48t/ hm
2Consumption evenly is sprinkled into charcoal, turns over tillage machinery biomass carbon is mixed with soil, and the check plot is excavated the dark ditch of 30cm in the ranks tea tree, with the tillage machinery earthing of turning over.
Biomass carbon was used after 3 months in the test block, and the organic carbon content of soil brings up to 1.77% by 1.26%, and namely every cubic metre of solid charcoal amount of soil is increased to 17.7t by 12.6t, has risen 40.5%.The check plot does not have to change substantially.
Embodiment 4 biomass carbons and chemical fertilizer are united use
In November, 2012, select the tea place in 30 years of Jintan, Jiangsu Xue Bu Chaqu plantation tea tree, in the tea place, divide four experimental group and carry out parallel laboratory test, open the 30cm zanjon in the ranks their tea tree, the fertilising back machinery earthing of turning over.Every group biomass carbon consumption and composite fertilizer's amount of application (in N) and experimental result all are documented in the table 1, and the test group 1 of also not executing charcoal not apply fertilizer in contrast.
The effect that table 1 biomass carbon and chemical fertilizer are used
By table 1 as seen, under the higher situation of field background fertility level, one season did not apply fertilizer, the nutrient that relies on soil to store still can obtain certain biological yield (seeing experimental group 2), biomass carbon itself contains a certain amount of nutrient, the nutrient of being with can satisfy the growth of tea plant needs in a short time, in a short time charcoal and fertilizer (150kgN/hm
2Though) common use and only use charcoal to compare can improve output, yield increasing effect not obvious (experimental group 3) therefore uses the consumption that can reduce chemical fertilizer behind the charcoal, when too much (300kgN/hm2) output of fertilizer amount descend on the contrary (experimental group 4).
Claims (6)
1. method of utilizing biomass carbon improvement tea garden soil, it is characterized in that, tea tree in the tea place opens shallow ridges in the ranks earlier, evenly be sprinkled into biomass carbon, and then by machinery or manually deep plough biomass carbon turned over biomass carbon is mixed with soil, or excavate dressing furrow in the ranks the tea tree in tea place, living beings carbon and fertilizer evenly are sprinkled into dressing furrow rear surface earthing; The consumption of described biomass carbon is 5-48t/hm
2
2. the method for utilizing biomass carbon improvement tea garden soil according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, tea tree in the tea place opens the dark ditch of 20-30cm in the ranks earlier, evenly be sprinkled into biomass carbon, and then by machinery or manually turn over biomass carbon mixed with soil, alleviate the acidifying of soil, the content of Available Lead Pb and available state copper Cu in the reduction soil; The consumption of described biomass carbon is 10-14t/hm
2
3. the method for utilizing biomass carbon improvement tea garden soil according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, open the shallow ridges of 15-20cm in the ranks the tea tree in tea place, evenly be sprinkled into biomass carbon, and then by machinery or manually turn over biomass carbon is mixed with soil, lifting soil carbon remittance; The consumption of described biomass carbon is 24-48t/hm
2
4. the method for utilizing biomass carbon improvement tea garden soil according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, open the shallow ridges of 15-20cm in the ranks the tea tree in tea place, evenly be sprinkled into biomass carbon, and then by machinery or manually turn over biomass carbon mixed with soil, the reduction soil weight; The consumption of described biomass carbon is 20-26t/hm
2
5. the method for utilizing biomass carbon improvement tea garden soil according to claim 1 is characterized in that, during fertilising, after the tea tree in tea place opened the dressing furrow of 20-30cm in the ranks, evenly is sprinkled into biomass carbon and fertilizer, surperficial earthing promoted fertilizer utilization ratio; The consumption of described biomass carbon is 5-10t/hm
2
6. the method for utilizing biomass carbon improvement tea garden soil according to claim 5 is characterized in that described fertilizer is conventional fertilizer or conventional inorganic fertilizer or their combination that is applicable to tea tree.
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Cited By (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104025884A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-09-10 | 刘芳 | Method for planting vegetables by using crop-residue-derived carbon to save water and resist drought |
| CN104098406A (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2014-10-15 | 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所 | Biomass modifying agent for regulating and controlling acidity of strong-acidity tea garden soil as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN104307855A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2015-01-28 | 武汉科技大学 | Method for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil in situ by adopting multifunctional biological charcoal |
| CN104429212A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Method for improving effectiveness of phosphate fertilizer in charge-variable soil and application thereof |
| CN104671227A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2015-06-03 | 常熟市绿化委员会办公室 | Biochar prepared from landscaping waste, and preparation and application methods thereof |
| CN105646064A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-06-08 | 北京林业大学 | Engineering method for producing biochar soil from dredging sediment |
| CN106034660A (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2016-10-26 | 泸西白云山农业开发有限公司 | Panax notoginseng cultivating method |
| CN106550640A (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2017-04-05 | 华侨大学 | It is a kind of to improve tea garden soil and improve the cultural method of tea leaf quality |
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| CN104671227A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2015-06-03 | 常熟市绿化委员会办公室 | Biochar prepared from landscaping waste, and preparation and application methods thereof |
| CN104098406A (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2014-10-15 | 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所 | Biomass modifying agent for regulating and controlling acidity of strong-acidity tea garden soil as well as preparation method and application thereof |
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