CN102790278A - Directional antenna - Google Patents
Directional antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN102790278A CN102790278A CN2011101288135A CN201110128813A CN102790278A CN 102790278 A CN102790278 A CN 102790278A CN 2011101288135 A CN2011101288135 A CN 2011101288135A CN 201110128813 A CN201110128813 A CN 201110128813A CN 102790278 A CN102790278 A CN 102790278A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a directional antenna. The directional antenna comprises a feed source, a meta-material unit and a first reflector board, wherein the meta-material unit comprises at least one meta-material layer; the meta-material layer comprises a sheet-shaped substrate and a plurality of manmade hole micro structures arranged on the sheet-shaped substrate; the electromagnetic wave generated by the feed source is refracted and then scattered on the first reflector board; the first reflector board reflects the electromagnetic wave so that the electromagnetic wave is refracted by the meta-material unit so as to be ejected out in parallel through the meta-material unit. The highly directional antenna can be achieved by a panel reflector surface.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of antenna, more particularly, relate to a kind of ultra material directional antenna.
Background technology
At present, for electromagnetic orientation, utilize directional antenna to accomplish, lens antenna commonly used is reached.In optics, utilize lens to make and be placed on the spherical wave that the point-source of light on the lens focus gives off, through becoming plane wave after the lens refraction.Lens antenna utilizes this principles to form, and it is made up of lens and the radiator that is placed on the lens focus.
Antenna is in wireless device, to be used for launching or receiving electromagnetic parts.Antenna is a kind of converter, and it is transformed into the electromagnetic wave of in unbounded media (normally free space), propagating to the guided wave of transmission above-the-line promotion, perhaps carries out opposite conversion.
The parameter of weighing antenna performance has a lot, and like lobe pattern, effective aperture, gain, directivity, impedance or the like, wherein directivity is the very important performance index of antenna, and directivity is strong more, helps the reception of receiver more.
Directional antenna is meant radiation on some or certain several specific direction, and emission and reception electromagnetic wave are strong especially, and emission and reception electromagnetic wave then are zero or minimum on other direction.Directional antenna can increase the effective rate of utilization of radiant power, increases confidentiality, and the main purpose that adopts directional receiving antenna is to increase antijamming capability.
Tradition is directed like horn antenna, and the Vivaldi antenna volume is bigger, all the other increase direction-sense method have behind antenna, increase back of the body chamber, reflecting plate perhaps uses absorbing material etc., but these methods often increase the size of antenna, increase the antenna making difficulty simultaneously.
Prior art is made the parabolic reflector of antenna, and general the employing cast or Digit Control Machine Tool processing, and processing technology is complicated; The directional antenna that its less important acquisition is good requires paraboloidal ratio of precision higher.Cause the directional antenna unstable properties when therefore reflection paraboloid is undesirable easily.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve is, and is big to the volume of the realization directional antenna of prior art, design is dumb and defectives such as cost height, provides little and height stable performance of a kind of volume to decide antenna.
A kind of directional antenna comprises a feed, ultra material cell and first reflecting plate, and said ultra material cell comprises the ultra material layer of a slice at least, and said ultra material layer comprises flat substrates and is arranged on a plurality of people's pore-creating micro-structurals on the flat substrates; The electromagnetic wave that said feed produces after ultra material cell refraction and scattering on first reflecting plate, said first reflecting plate with reflection of electromagnetic wave make electromagnetic wave once more the ultra material cell of warp reflect and parallel ejaculation.
Further, said ultra material cell is formed by the stack of the ultra material layer of multi-disc, and a plurality of people's pore-creating micro-structurals are on the flat substrates that array is arranged in said each ultra material layer.
Further, said flat substrates can be selected any one in ceramic material, macromolecular material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material and the ferromagnetic material for use.
Further, said directional antenna also comprises the feed support and is arranged at second reflecting plate on the feed support that said second reflecting plate is used for the radiated electromagnetic wave backward that feed produces is reflexed to said ultra material cell.
Further, said first reflecting plate and second reflecting plate all adopt a smooth metal minute surface.
Further, said people's pore-creating microstructure size becomes big towards periphery gradually by the zone line of said flat substrates.
Further, said people's pore-creating micro-structural measure-alike and the density of arranging become close towards periphery gradually by the zone line of flat substrates.
Further, said people's pore-creating micro-structural measure-alike and be filled with medium; Dielectric constant of filling medium is diminished by the zone line of flat substrates towards periphery gradually in it.
Further, said people's pore-creating micro-structural is cylindrical hole, spherical pore, square opening, multiaspect body opening or irregular shape hole.
Further, also can be filled with in air, metal material, rubber, plastics and the resin material any one in said people's pore-creating micro-structural.
The ultra material directional antenna of embodiment of the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1. do not need complicated shape, the heavy parabolic reflector face of structure, and only need the flat reflective face just can realize the high directionality antenna;
2. reflecting surface and ultra material can be placed on the ground, will present with simple beam a little to place correct position to get final product, and need not to design support and remove the supporting reflex face;
3. owing to the superperformance of ultra material, can stably realize the high directionality of antenna.
Description of drawings
Directional antenna sketch map among first embodiment among Fig. 1 the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an embodiment perspective view in the ultra material cell shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 3 is the perspective view of a subelement wherein in the ultra material cell shown in Figure 2.
Fig. 4 is that ultra material cell shown in Figure 2 is to electromagnetic refraction index profile sketch map.
Fig. 5 is the sketch map that folding electromagnetic wave plus lens converges electromagnetic wave.
Fig. 6 is another embodiment perspective view in the ultra material cell shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 7 is the third embodiment perspective view in the ultra material cell shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 8 is stacked into electromagnetic wave plus lens structural representation by a plurality of ultra sheet of material.
Fig. 9 is based on the sketch map that is designed to the ultra material cell guide electromagnetic waves direction of propagation in the first embodiment directional antenna of electromagnetic wave plus lens.
Another embodiment directional antenna sketch map among Figure 10 the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with relevant drawings and specific embodiment the present invention is done further description:
See also Fig. 1, directional antenna comprises feed 10, ultra material cell 20, flat first reflecting plate 30, feed support 40 and is arranged at second reflecting plate 50 on the feed support 40.The electromagnetic wave that feed 10 gives off through ultra material cell 20 refraction backs and scattering on first reflecting plate 30, and the electromagnetic wave of scattering on first reflecting plate 30 reflects and parallel ejaculation through ultra material cell 20 via 30 reflections of first reflecting plate once more.
In this execution mode; Said feed 10 is arranged on the feed support 40; Second reflecting plate 50 is arranged at a side of feed 10, is used for the radiated electromagnetic wave backward that feed 10 produces is reflexed to ultra material cell 20 to improve the electromagnetic utilance of feed, promptly strengthens electromagnetic signal strength signal intensity.Second reflecting plate 50 and first reflecting plate 30 all adopt a smooth mirror surface, like metallic mirror surface etc.In other embodiments; Feed 10 places the equivalent focus place of the ultra material cell 20 and first reflecting plate 30; Thereby can be expeditiously with the electromagnetic wave that surpasses material cell 20 refractions with the whole reflected backs of the form of plane wave space, to have increased the directivity of directional antenna.
See also Fig. 2, be ultra material cell 20 1 embodiment perspective view among the present invention.Ultra material cell 20 is formed by the ultra material layer stack of multi-disc, and the ultra material layer of each sheet comprises flat substrates 11 and is arranged on a plurality of people's pore-creating micro-structurals 2 on the flat substrates 11.Flat substrates selects for use dielectric insulation material to process, and includes but not limited to ceramic material, macromolecular material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material etc.For example macromolecular material can be selected the macromolecular material of identical performances such as epoxy resin, polytetrafluoroethylene for use.In this execution mode, hole micro-structural 2 is for cylinder and adopt the die stamping drilling technology to be arranged on each sheet flat substrates 11.The ultra material layer of each sheet can be divided into a plurality of holes microstructure units (as shown in Figure 3).
Above-mentioned ultra material cell 20 forms based on the principle design of refraction of electromagnetic wave plus lens, at first introduces refraction of electromagnetic wave plus lens method for designing:
Refraction of electromagnetic wave plus lens by ultra material technology is designed to is as shown in Figure 4 to the refraction index profile of incident electromagnetic wave; The refractive index of central axis is n1; Intersection point with central shaft AA ' and ultra material cell is the center of circle, along with the increase refractive index gradually of radius diminishes gradually, and along with the increase of radius; The change of refractive amount increases gradually, wherein n
1＞n
2＞n
3＞...＞n
p, (n
m-n
M-1)＞(n
M-1-n
M-2), m is greater than 3 natural numbers smaller or equal to q.
As shown in Figure 5, the electromagnetic wave that is sent by electromagnetic wave emission source S is when afterwards being spread out of along the S1 direction is parallel by converging of the refraction of electromagnetic wave plus lens of the ultra material flat substrates stack of multi-disc, and the relation of deflection angle θ and refractive index is: Sin θ=q Δ n is (referring to Metamaterials:Theory; Design, and Applications, Publisher:Springer; 1441905723,75 pages-76 pages of ISBN), wherein q is the ultra material base material thickness of arranging vertically; Δ n representes the refractive index variable quantity of adjacent cells, and 0＜q Δ n＜1, can be known by above-mentioned formula; When the refractive index variable quantity of adjacent cells size is identical on the refraction of electromagnetic wave plus lens; Electromagnetic deflection angle for being transferred to this position is identical, and refractive index variable quantity is big more, and deflection angle is big more.
There are following relation in the refractive index of material and its dielectric constant and magnetic permeability:
wherein k is proportionality coefficient; The k value is positive and negative 1; ε is the dielectric constant of material; U is the magnetic permeability of material; Through precise design, with the function that realizes that the electromagnetic wave lens converge electromagnetic refraction to the DIELECTRIC CONSTANTS of every bit in the ultra material space.
People's pore-creating micro-structural 42 of refraction of electromagnetic wave plus lens can be any rule or irregular solid geometry shape; The ultra material of whole sheet be divided into a plurality of unit (comprise in this unit base material and attached to the people's pore-creating micro-structural on this unit base material); Each unit all has people's pore-creating micro-structural; Each unit all can be to the response electromagnetic wave, thereby influence electromagnetic wave transmission therein, and the size of each unit depends on the electromagnetic wave that needs respond; Be generally required response electromagnetic wavelength 1/10th, can not be regarded as continuously electromagnetic response otherwise comprise being arranged in the space that people's pore-creating microstructure unit formed in the space.
Under the selected situation of flat substrates, shape that can be through adjustment people pore-creating micro-structural, size change its equivalent refractive index everywhere with the effective dielectric constant of adjusting on the ultra material everywhere.When people's pore-creating micro-structural adopted identical geometry, the size of people from somewhere pore-creating micro-structural was big more, and the effective dielectric constant that then should locate is more little, and refractive index is also more little.The sectional pattern of the people's pore-creating micro-structural that adopts at present embodiment be circular, and the people's pore-creating microstructure size on the zone line on the flat substrates is minimum, and effective dielectric constant that then should the place is maximum, and refractive index is maximum also; The size of people's pore-creating micro-structural becomes (as shown in Figure 2) greatly by the zone line of flat substrates to two ends gradually, so the flat substrates refraction index profile is as shown in Figure 4.Therefore the effective dielectric constant of flat substrates is diminished to two ends by zone line gradually, and middle effective dielectric constant and equivalent permeability are maximum, thereby the refractive index of flat substrates diminishes to two ends from middle zone gradually, and the refractive index of mid portion is maximum.In other embodiments, as shown in Figure 6, when people's pore-creating microstructure size size is identical, its arrange density by the zone line of flat substrates to around become close gradually, thereby the refraction index profile that flat substrates is produced is as shown in Figure 5.Design theory requirement according to above-mentioned refraction of electromagnetic wave plus lens; The dielectric constant of filling medium when the measure-alike of said people's pore-creating micro-structural 42 and in it diminishes (as shown in Figure 7) gradually, also can reach refraction index profile refraction of electromagnetic wave plus lens as shown in Figure 4.Based on above theory, utilize the combination between shape, size and the density of people's pore-creating micro-structural also can design refraction index profile refraction of electromagnetic wave plus lens as shown in Figure 4.
In order to obtain refraction index profile refraction of electromagnetic wave plus lens as shown in Figure 4; Through Computer Simulation and experiment test; Elder generation preliminary election unit (comprise in this unit base material and attached to people's pore-creating micro-structural of tool geometry on the base material) as the unit of center; The electromagnetic electromagnetic property that some unit (the people's pore-creating micro-structural that comprises various geometric) response emission source sends is measured; The electromagnetic response curve that measures of storage is confirmed the effective dielectric constant and the equivalent permeability of various different units structures and is present in the database; According to formula S in θ=q Δ n,, confirm the change of refractive amount then, confirm the refractive index at different radii place, from database, select qualified cellular construction according to the relation of refractive index and dielectric constant and magnetic permeability for different deflection angles.
Each people's pore-creating micro-structural 42 on the flat substrates 41 of ultra material layer forms a unit; The effective dielectric constant ε of each unit and equivalent permeability μ are under the situation that flat substrates 41 is selected; Change pattern, size and/or the arrangement in the space of people's pore-creating micro-structural 42, obtain refraction of electromagnetic wave plus lens required for the present invention through microcomputer modelling and emulation then.
In other embodiments, also medium be can be filled with in said people's pore-creating micro-structural 42, air, metal material, rubber, plastics and resin material etc. included but not limited to, as long as can satisfy the change in dielectric constant rule of above-mentioned electromagnetic wave lens.Through filling the different material of other electromagnetic parameter; Design position, the quantity of poroid micro-structural; And the kind of packing material makes the electromagnetic parameter of material distribute can to demonstrate more complicated, abundanter condition, thereby satisfies our requirement to the each side of electromagnetic wave control.In this execution mode, the three-dimensional shape of said people's pore-creating micro-structural includes but not limited to 42 cylindrical holes, spherical pore, square opening, multiaspect body opening or irregular shape hole etc.
Ultra material can be to electric field or magnetic field, and perhaps both respond simultaneously.The DIELECTRIC CONSTANTS of ultra material is depended in the response of electric field, and the magnetic permeability μ of ultra material is depended in the response in magnetic field.Through to the DIELECTRIC CONSTANTS of every bit in base material 41 spaces and the accurate control of magnetic permeability μ, we can realize through ultra material electromagnetic influence.Therefore, through the characteristic of each structure of arranging in the design space, just can design the electromagnetic property of whole non-homogeneous ultra material every bit in the space.This electromagnetic material system will have numerous unusual characteristics, can play special guiding function to electromagnetic wave propagation.
Hole micro-structural 42 with the effective dielectric constant ε of medium flat substrates and the system of selection of equivalent permeability μ is:
The first step; Through Computer Simulation and experiment test; Cellular construction (said cellular construction is meant the lattice of being made up of the substrate material of a poroid micro-structural and surrounding space thereof) electromagnetic property within the specific limits to the some various geometric of base material is measured; The electromagnetic response curve that measures of storage is confirmed the dielectric constant and the magnetic permeability of various cellular construction and is present in the database.
In second step, the electromagnetic effect of influence is as required confirmed corresponding dielectric constant and magnetic permeability, exists in the database.
In the 3rd step, from database, select the cellular construction of ultra material respective point according to above-mentioned dielectric constant and magnetic permeability.
Certainly also other other known artificial micro-structural.Wherein, the solid geometry shape of said hole micro-structural includes but not limited to cylinder, spheroid, tetrahedron or irregular solid geometry shape.As long as two quadrature components that can satisfy the electric field intensity of incident electromagnetic wave all have electroresponse.
Design the refraction of electromagnetic wave plus lens through said method, the function (as shown in Figure 8) that realization is converged refraction of electromagnetic wave, the thickness that utilizes ultra sheet of material to be superimposed as the refraction of electromagnetic wave plus lens is confirmed according to hole micro-structural on it.
In order to further specify, please refer to Fig. 9, be the sketch map of 20 pairs of refraction of electromagnetic waves of ultra material cell of the present invention, its thickness in kind is 1/2nd of above-mentioned refraction of electromagnetic wave plus lens.When electromagnetic wave that feed 10 produces after ultra material cell 20 reflects; It reflects the deviation path in ultra material cell 20 be m; Once more through ultra material cell 20 refractions, its refraction path in ultra material cell 20 is K to the electromagnetic scattering of refraction deviation on first reflecting plate 30 and through 30 reflections of first reflecting plate.According to refraction of electromagnetic wave plus lens principle: because refraction path K is equal to electromagnetic wave and in the refraction of electromagnetic wave plus lens, reflect the road through L, so electromagnetic wave reflects and parallel ejaculation through ultra material cell 20 via 30 reflections of first reflecting plate once more.
Please refer to Figure 10, be another embodiment of the present invention directional antenna structural representation.Feed 30 is placed the edge of ultra material, thus can be like the plane wave that reflects parallel ejaculation that stops of the feed 10 among first embodiment one, feed support 40 and second reflecting plate 50, make the signal of the plane wave that directional antenna produces stronger.
Combine accompanying drawing that embodiments of the invention are described above; But the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, and above-mentioned embodiment only is schematically, rather than restrictive; Those of ordinary skill in the art is under enlightenment of the present invention; Not breaking away under the scope situation that aim of the present invention and claim protect, also can make a lot of forms, these all belong within the protection of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. directional antenna; Comprise a feed, it is characterized in that said directional antenna also comprises the ultra material cell and first reflecting plate; Said ultra material cell comprises the ultra material layer of a slice at least, and said ultra material layer comprises flat substrates and is arranged on a plurality of people's pore-creating micro-structurals on the flat substrates; The electromagnetic wave that said feed produces after ultra material cell refraction and scattering on first reflecting plate, said first reflecting plate with reflection of electromagnetic wave make electromagnetic wave once more the ultra material cell of warp reflect and parallel ejaculation.
2. directional antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said ultra material cell is formed by the stack of the ultra material layer of multi-disc, and a plurality of people's pore-creating micro-structurals are on the flat substrates that array is arranged in said each ultra material layer.
3. directional antenna according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that said flat substrates can be selected any one in ceramic material, macromolecular material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material and the ferromagnetic material for use.
4. directional antenna according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said directional antenna also comprises the feed support and is arranged at second reflecting plate on the feed support that said second reflecting plate is used for the radiated electromagnetic wave backward that feed produces is reflexed to said ultra material cell.
5. directional antenna according to claim 4 is characterized in that, said first reflecting plate and second reflecting plate all adopt the smooth metal minute surface.
6. directional antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said people's pore-creating microstructure size becomes big towards periphery gradually by the zone line of said flat substrates.
7. directional antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said people's pore-creating micro-structural measure-alike and the density of arranging become close towards periphery gradually by the zone line of flat substrates.
8. directional antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said people's pore-creating micro-structural measure-alike and be filled with medium; Dielectric constant of filling medium is diminished by the zone line of flat substrates towards periphery gradually in it.
9. directional antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said people's pore-creating micro-structural is cylindrical hole, spherical pore, square opening, multiaspect body opening or irregular shape hole.
10. directional antenna according to claim 8 is characterized in that, also can be filled with in air, metal material, rubber, plastics and the resin material any one in said people's pore-creating micro-structural.
11. directional antenna according to claim 5 is characterized in that, said first reflecting plate is tabular.
12. directional antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the thickness of said ultra material cell is 1/2nd of refraction of electromagnetic wave plus lens thickness
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| CN201110128813.5A CN102790278B (en) | 2011-05-18 | 2011-05-18 | Directional antenna |
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| CN102790278B CN102790278B (en) | 2015-04-22 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107240782A (en) * | 2016-03-28 | 2017-10-10 | 克洛纳测量技术有限公司 | The induction element of antenna and the method for manufacturing such induction element |
| CN116435793A (en) * | 2023-06-15 | 2023-07-14 | 华南理工大学 | Artificial dielectric material, lens unit, manufacturing method and lens antenna |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101587990A (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2009-11-25 | 东南大学 | Broad band cylindrical lens antenna based on artificial electromagnetic materials |
| CN101707291A (en) * | 2009-11-26 | 2010-05-12 | 广东通宇通讯设备有限公司 | Broadband dual polarized antenna unit |
| CN101867094A (en) * | 2010-05-02 | 2010-10-20 | 兰州大学 | Focusing panel antenna |
| US20110095953A1 (en) * | 2009-10-22 | 2011-04-28 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Metamaterial lens feed for multiple beam antennas |
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2011
- 2011-05-18 CN CN201110128813.5A patent/CN102790278B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101587990A (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2009-11-25 | 东南大学 | Broad band cylindrical lens antenna based on artificial electromagnetic materials |
| US20110095953A1 (en) * | 2009-10-22 | 2011-04-28 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Metamaterial lens feed for multiple beam antennas |
| CN101707291A (en) * | 2009-11-26 | 2010-05-12 | 广东通宇通讯设备有限公司 | Broadband dual polarized antenna unit |
| CN101867094A (en) * | 2010-05-02 | 2010-10-20 | 兰州大学 | Focusing panel antenna |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107240782A (en) * | 2016-03-28 | 2017-10-10 | 克洛纳测量技术有限公司 | The induction element of antenna and the method for manufacturing such induction element |
| CN116435793A (en) * | 2023-06-15 | 2023-07-14 | 华南理工大学 | Artificial dielectric material, lens unit, manufacturing method and lens antenna |
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| CN102790278B (en) | 2015-04-22 |
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Owner name: SHENZHEN GUANGQI INTELLIGENT PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY Free format text: FORMER OWNER: SHENZHEN KUANG-CHI INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY Effective date: 20150715 Free format text: FORMER OWNER: SHENZHEN KUANG-CHI INNOVATION TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. Effective date: 20150715 |
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Effective date of registration: 20210224 Address after: 2 / F, software building, No.9, Gaoxin Zhongyi Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province Patentee after: KUANG-CHI INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY Address before: 518000 Guangdong, Shenzhen, Futian District, Shennan Road and colored field road intersection C East Block New World Plaza 2007-27 Patentee before: KUANG-CHI INTELLIGENT PHOTONIC TECHNOLOGY Ltd. |
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