CN102634074B - Chitin pulp and production method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses chitin pulp, which is pulp formed by dissolving chitin subjected to deacetylation not less than 80% in cereal vinegar. A production method of the chitin pulp includes: adding the chitin subjected to deacetylation not less than 80% and the cereal vinegar into a mixer, and mixing at 90 DEG C-105 DEG C; using a homogenizer to homogenize the mixed liquor; and filtering the homogenized liquor. The chitin pulp is convenient in production, low in price, pollution-free and hazard-free.

Description

Chitin slurry and production method thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of chitin product, is a kind of chitin slurries specifically, can be used for the fields such as food, healthcare products, medicine, chemical industry.

Background technology

Chitin has another name called chitin, chitin (chitin); it is the straight-chain polysaccharide being polymerized by N-ethanoyl-D-pyranoglucose amine; be present in the lower plant mushroom of occurring in nature, the cell of algae; and the shell of crustacean shrimp, crab, insect, and the cell walls of higher plant etc.Chitin product is from crab, shrimp shell, to apply the animality high molecular cellulose that genetic engineering is extracted, and by scientific circles' reputation is " the 6th vital principle ".

Chitin is the positive foodstuff fibre of the known unique positively charged of the mankind, in the natural organic-compound existing on the earth, quantity maximum be Mierocrystalline cellulose, next is chitin, estimate the annual biosynthetic chitin of nature 10,000,000,000 tons of organic compounds containing nitrogens that chitin is also quantity maximum on the earth nearly, next is only protein.Only this 2 point, is just enough to illustrate the importance of chitin.At present, chitin and derivative thereof have been widely used in medicine, food, chemical field.

In crab shell, contain 40% protein, 30% calcium, 30% chitin.From crab shell, the technique of chitin extraction is: first remove deproteinize with rare caustic lye of soda, then, remove calcium salt with hydrochloric acid, remaining is exactly chitin.

Pure chitin is a kind of nonpoisonous and tasteless white or the translucent solid of canescence, in water, diluted acid, diluted alkaline and general organic solvent, is difficult to dissolve, and is difficult to be utilized by human body, thereby has limited its application and development.Chitin can improve solubility property after deacetylation, and what N-ethanoyl was sloughed 55% above chitin just can be referred to as chitosan, in other words, can in 1% acetic acid or 1% hydrochloric acid, dissolve 1% chitosan and be referred to as chitosan.Its another name " chitin ", " chitosan ", " chitosan ", " soluble chitin ", " soluble chitin ", " Viartril-S ", " chitosan ", " chitose ", " glycosaminoglycan ", " crust saccharan ", " chitosan " etc., chemistry β-(1 → 4)-2-amino-2-deoxy-D-Glucose by name.Under given conditions; the chemical reactions such as chitosan can be hydrolyzed, alkylation, acylations, carboxymethylation, sulfonation, nitrated, halogenation, oxidation, reduction, condensation and complexing; can generate the various chitosan derivatives with different performance, thereby expand the range of application of chitosan.After deacetylation becomes chitosan, it can be dissolved in diluted acid and body fluid, can be utilized by human body.

At present, conventional acetic acid,diluted solution (acetic acid solution of for example 1-3%) dissolves chitosan to make chitin slurry or to be called chitosan slurry, solvent temperature is generally no more than 40 DEG C, and acetic acid used is the acetic acid,diluted solution being mixed with through dilute with water with industrial Glacial acetic acid.Glacial acetic acid has stimulation to nose, larynx, respiratory tract, and eye and skin are also had to stimulation, simultaneously inflammable, has corrodibility, therefore in the time of preparation acetic acid,diluted solution, can cause certain harm to environment and operator.In addition, chitosan concentration is generally no more than 5%, forms colloid and can not produce homogeneous system in the time that concentration is excessive.

Grain vinegar, essence is also a kind of acetic acid solution, to brewage by fermentation by grain the food-flavoring comps forming, generally contain the acetic acid of 3-5%, also contain in addition other multiple nutrients compositions, for example there is the potassium of acetic acid, calcium, sodium, ferrous salt, amino acid, lactic acid (2 hydroxy propanoic acid, lactic acid CH3CHOHCOOH), pyruvic acid (acetyl formic acid CH3COCOOH), formic acid (formic acid HCOOH), Sorbic Acid (2, 4-Sorbic Acid) oxysuccinic acid (hydroxy-butanedioic acid), citric acid (2-hydroxy propane tricarboxylic acid), succsinic acid acid (succinic acid HOOCCH2CH2COOH), oxalic acid (oxalic acid HOOCCOOH), oxaloacetic acid, glucose, fructose, maltose, ethanol, ethyl acetate, ethyl lactate, higher alcohols, 3-Hydroxybutanone, otan, tyrosol, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, acetal, VITMAIN B1, B2, C etc.Grain vinegar is all to apply in food as food-flavoring comps till now in the time that it is invented, and therefore uses grain vinegar as solvent there are no people and reports.

Summary of the invention

Object of the present invention, a kind of chitin slurry is provided, is just using grain vinegar as the raw material that dissolves chitin, the harm while having avoided making raw material with industrial Glacial acetic acid.

The present invention also provides a kind of production method of chitin slurry.

Chitin of the present invention slurry is deacetylation to be not less than to 80% chitin be dissolved in the slurries that form in grain vinegar.

What described chitin was more satisfactory is to adopt deacetylation to be not less than 92% chitin.

In described slurries, the quality percentage composition of chitin is 3～12%.

Described grain vinegar can adopt the grain vinegar after the water of the natural grain vinegar grain vinegar weight 50-70% of 1-9 degree dilutes.

The production method that the invention provides a kind of chitin slurry, comprises following process:

(1) deacetylation being not less than to 80% chitin and grain vinegar adds mixer to puddle at 90 DEG C～105 DEG C temperature;

(2) solution after puddling is carried out to homogenization treatment with clarifixator;

(3) solution after homogeneous is filtered.

In above-mentioned steps (1), can adopt the natural grain vinegar of 1-9 degree, then add the water of grain vinegar weight 50-70%.

Described mixer rotating speed is to adopt being advisable at a slow speed of 50-300rpm.

This chitin slurry of the present invention, is that the grain vinegar of brewageing dissolves chitin, and dissolves chitin with the acetic acid,diluted solution of Glacial acetic acid preparation and prepares compared with chitin slurries, and beneficial effect is as follows:

(1) product and production process without danger because grain vinegar does not exist pungency and corrodibility compared with Glacial acetic acid, therefore to human and environment without danger, be cleaner production.

(2) convenient for production, must not change production unit, traditional processing technology can be produced in a large number.

(3) grain vinegar can be in occurring in nature natural decomposition, and product is environmentally friendly.

(4) although also contain amino acid in grain vinegar, lactic acid, alcohol, sugar, ester, the compositions such as VITAMIN, but do not affect the performance of the function of chitin, not only make product keep and the existing chitin slurry same function that dissolves chitin formation with acetic acid,diluted solution, and because these nutritions in grain vinegar are compositions useful and useful to human body, also there are many same or similar effects with chitin, can make both effect all be brought into play in some fields, for example chitin is conducive to hinder the absorption of lipid and is conducive to cholesterol conversion, the content of elevating blood middle-high density lipoprotein reaches the fat effect of driving, and in vinegar, contain the material such as amino acid and organic acid, amino acid can impel excess fat in body to be transformed into physical consumption, can also digest sugar and protein that health absorbs, allow metabolism carry out smoothly, also there is the effect of digestion fat and sugar, but means difference, can mutually supplement to improve fat and pile up in human body.Crust have reducing blood-fat, blood pressure and blood sugar effect, and vinegar also can atherosclerosis, reduces blood pressure and serum cholesterol effect.Chitin can promote wound healing, promotes the materials such as the amino acid of wound healing and also contain in vinegar.Chitin and vinegar have anticancer antitumor action.Therefore, grain vinegar can also form and mutually promote and supplementary function with chitin in function.

(5) applied range, chitin slurry of the present invention can be widely used in following field: 1. medical and health industry: can be used for making the surgical operating suture line that can be decomposed by body and absorb, be used for the treatment of the biological dressing of scald, burn, Thermosensitive Material Used for Controlled Releasing of Medicine, inhibition tumour medicine, antiseptic-germicide, hemostatic agent, anti-coagulant etc.2. chemical industry and light industry: can be used as sensitizing agent, paper sizing agent, paint additive, hair conditioner, wetting Agent for Printing Inks, hair-strengthening agent, shampoo, perfumed soap, skin-protecting agent, oral hygiene composition, flocculation agent, heavy metal ion absorption agent, contact lenses of filmstrip etc.3. foodstuffs industry: can be used as the finings of food thickener, sanitas, diet food additive, the agent of intestinal beneficial bacterium growth activity, immunity of organism enhancing Food and water fresh-keeping agent of fruits and fruit juice, beer, beverage etc.4. textile printing and dyeing industry: for making antibiotic odourproof fiber, take textiles, bedclothes, adornment, printing and dyeing laking agent, tackiness agent, pigment printing membrane-forming agent, sizing agent, static inhibitor etc.5. agricultural: for livestock fodder additives, ventilative mulch film, pesticide slow-release coating material, biotic pesticide, soil improvement agent, increasing crop yield agent etc.6. separation membrane material: the energy transformation film of permeable membrane, filtering membrane, reverse osmosis membrane and other form.These products are applied at aspects such as Chemicals separation, hydrometallurgy, biological product separation, food-processing, medicine industry and environmental protection.7. biotechnology: can fixing cell and carrier, the animal cell culture of immobilized enzyme attach carrier, separation and purification protein etc.8. environment protection: for trade effluent organism discoloring agent, the agent of solidifying wadding, scavenging agent, the cigarette filter tip materials etc. of drinking water in life.

(5) production method adopts high temperature to dissolve promoting, and utilize at a slow speed mixer be conducive to avoid in vinegar some active ingredients with H+ the amino contention with chitin in be combined chance, in guarantee H+ destruction chitosan, hydrogen bond is so that its dissolving.

(6) in production method, adopt clarifixator to carry out homogenization treatment, to ensure to form homogeneous slurry, therefore can obtain the chitin concentration higher than present product.

(7) by filtering can not filtering out by dissolved impurity composition in product.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is chitin slurries production method schema of the present invention.

Embodiment

For clearly demonstrating the scheme in the present invention, provide preferred embodiment below and be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Embodiment 1

Raw material: the chitin powder of deacetylate 92%, 100g;

5 degree grain vinegar 750g;

Distilled water 450g.

Its production method is as follows:

(1) chitin powder, grain vinegar and distilled water are all added high temperature at a slow speed in mixer, open high temperature mixer at a slow speed, be warmed up to 90 DEG C～105 DEG C, mixer rotating speed is 50-300rpm, puddles 30-150min;

(2) slurries of puddling are put into high-shear homogenizer, carry out homogenization treatment;

(3) slurries after homogenization treatment are added high speed sieve filter filter, remove insolubles, obtain chitin slurry, in slurries, chitin content is 7.7%.

Embodiment 2

Raw material: the chitin powder of deacetylate 95%, 40g;

2 degree grain vinegar 1200g.

Its production method is as follows:

(1) chitin powder and grain vinegar are all added high temperature at a slow speed in mixer, open high temperature mixer at a slow speed, be warmed up to 90 DEG C～105 DEG C, mixer rotating speed is 50-300rpm, puddles 30-150min;

(2) slurries of puddling are put into high-shear homogenizer, carry out homogenization treatment;

(3) slurries after homogenization treatment are added high speed sieve filter filter, remove insolubles, obtain chitin slurry, in slurries, chitin content is 3.2%.

Embodiment 3

Raw material: the chitin powder of deacetylate 8%, 100g;

5 degree grain vinegar 500g;

Distilled water 350g.

Method is with embodiment 1, and obtaining chitin content in chitin slurry is 10.5%.

For the method and apparatus of setting forth in each embodiment of the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. chitin slurry, it is characterized in that deacetylation is not less than to 80% chitin is dissolved in the slurries that form in grain vinegar.

2. chitin slurry as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described chitin is to adopt deacetylation to be not less than 92% chitin.

3. chitin slurry as claimed in claim 1 or 2, the quality percentage composition that it is characterized in that chitin in described slurries is 3～12%.

4. chitin slurry as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that described grain vinegar is the grain vinegar of natural grain vinegar after the water of grain vinegar weight 50-70% dilutes that adopts 1-9 degree.

5. a production method for chitin slurry, comprises following process:

(1) deacetylation is not less than to 80% chitin and grain vinegar and adds mixer to puddle at 90 DEG C～105 DEG C temperature, mixer rotating speed is 50-300rpm;

(2) solution after puddling is carried out to homogenization treatment with clarifixator;

(3) solution after homogeneous is filtered.

6. method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that in above-mentioned steps (1), adopts the natural grain vinegar of 1-9 degree, then adds the water of grain vinegar weight 50-70%.