CN102593694B - Active laser frequency standard based on four-energy-level quantum system - Google Patents
Active laser frequency standard based on four-energy-level quantum system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for generating an active laser frequency standard based on a four-energy-level quantum system. An air chamber in which a gain medium is filled is formed in a Fabry-Perot cavity, wherein the gain medium is the atomic gas of the four-energy-level quantum system. Pumping laser is emitted into one end of the Fabry-Perot cavity, and the atomic gas is excited from a ground-state energy level to a fourth energy level. Atoms in the fourth energy level are transited to a low energy level through spontaneous radiation, and atom population inversion is realized between a third energy level and a second energy level. The atoms in the third energy level are transited to the second energy level through spontaneous radiation or stimulated radiation photons, stimulated radiation is generated under the action of the Fabry-Perot cavity, and laser is output from the other end of the Fabry-Perot cavity. The active laser frequency standard is high in frequency stability and accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to laser technology field and time and frequency standard technical field, relate to four-level quantized system laser technology, be particularly related to a kind of generation device and method of the active laser frequency standard based on the four-level quantized system, can the output linewidth laser little more than the natural linewidth of atomic spectra.
Background technology
Adopting the atomic frequency standard measurement is the highest a kind of of precision in all scientific measurement methods, and it has scientific research very widely and actual application value.Utilize the high accuracy of atomic frequency standard, can measure the basic parameter of atom, molecule, measure cosmology and astronomical related physical quantity, can find and cognitive new physical phenomenon on the experiment porch of high-acruracy survey more.In application facet, the atomic frequency standard clock can be used on the fields such as accurate atomic spectra, time service, worldwide navigation location.
Traditional laser frequency standard, due to the Output of laser frequency be by frequency discrimination or phase discriminating technology passive type be locked on a kind of quantum leap line of quantum regime, therefore all belong to passive type.The laser frequency standard of passive type, be used for the frequency live width of LASER Light Source of frequency discrimination at present best in the 1Hz left and right, and this has limited and realize more high-resolution ability on the light frequency field.Active laser frequency standard, can the output linewidth laser little more than the natural linewidth of atomic spectra on principle, break through some restrictions (as the dependence to local oscillator laser linewidth) of current laser frequency standard, and can realize the miniaturization of laser frequency standard.Mechanism according to the active laser frequency standard, the laser of laser output can directly be used as laser frequency standard, the optical frequency frequency standard of high stability high accuracy is provided, also can utilizes its spectrum of high precision much smaller than atomic spectra natural linewidth to carry out the measurement of ultrahigh precision laser spectroscopy.
Active laser frequency standard experimental program is broadly divided into two classes at present, and the one, the quantized system of imprison, the 2nd, line quantized system.For the active laser frequency standard of beam pattern, due to the residue Doppler frequency shift, limited the accuracy of laser frequency standard.The active laser frequency standard of the quantized system based on imprison, intracavity pump can improve Output of laser power, and is expected to eliminate Doppler effect; But still having some problems, is mainly the optical frequency shift of imprison light field and the optical frequency shift of pumping light field.For the optical frequency shift of imprison light field, utilize the method for optical lattice imprison cold atom, can eliminate by special wavelength laser; And the optical frequency shift of pumping light field adopts the four-level quantized system to eliminate only.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the problems of the prior art, a kind of generation device and method of the active laser frequency standard based on the four-level quantized system are provided, the optical frequency shift that can effectively avoid the pumping light field to bring, the laser of output has extraordinary frequency stability and accuracy.
The generation device of the active laser frequency standard based on the four-level quantized system of the present invention, it comprises:
One Fa-Po cavity, the cavity mirror plating of its incident end has pumping laser anti-reflection film and Output of laser reflectance coating, and the cavity mirror plating of its output has pumping laser be all-trans film and Output of laser reflectance coating;
One is filled with the sealing chamber of gain media, is arranged in described Fa-Po cavity, the atomic gas that described gain media is the four-level quantized system, its gain live width be less than laserresonator chamber loft wide 1/2nd;
One laser, for generation of pumping laser, be excited to four-level by described atomic gas from ground state level.
The production method of the active laser frequency standard based on the four-level quantized system of the present invention, be applicable to said apparatus, and its step comprises:
1) establish a sealing chamber that is filled with gain media in a Fa-Po cavity, the atomic gas that this gain media is the four-level quantized system, its gain live width be less than laserresonator chamber loft wide 1/2nd;
2) enter pumping laser at described Fa-Po cavity one end-fire, described atomic gas is excited to four-level from ground state level;
3) atom on described four-level to the low-lying level transition, is realized atomic population inversion in three-level and the second energy level by spontaneous radiation;
4) the atom spontaneous transition on described three-level, to described the second energy level, produces stimulated radiation under the feedback effect of described Fa-Po cavity, and from described Fa-Po cavity other end Output of laser.
With common laser, compare, its main feature of active laser frequency standard based on the four-level quantized system of the present invention is:
1) the gain live width of gain medium is wide much smaller than the chamber loft of laserresonator, i.e. academicly said bad cavity configuration, can greatly reduce the frequency shift effect of chamber mould, reduce the impact of macroscopical change of cavity length on output frequency, only retain the weak feedback function of chamber mould;
2) gain spectrum of gain medium is the transition spectral line that is proposed to be used in laser frequency standard, and the live width that gains is wide much smaller than the chamber loft, makes the Output of laser frequency substantially be decided by atomic transition, so have the characteristic of quantum standard;
3) utilized the quantized system of four-level, the pumping laser correspondence four minimum energy and the highest two quantum levels in energy level, the laser frequency standard transition correspondence of stimulated emission energy two energy levels placed in the middle, avoided the overlapping of two energy levels of pumping laser and two energy levels of laser frequency standard transition, and then the optical frequency shift of having avoided pumping laser to cause;
4) the chamber loft of laserresonator be wider than atom laser frequency standard induced transition energy level natural linewidth with get over broadening, make the centre frequency of output super-narrow line width laser be operated on the numerical value of atomic transition frequency decision, greatly reduced the noise that the length variations of resonant cavity own is brought.
Above characteristics have determined that the laser that four-level quantized system active laser frequency standard is exported has extraordinary frequency stability and accuracy, the resonant cavity that its centre frequency is decided by have the atom of Quantum Properties fully rather than has macroscopic properties, can directly be used as the quantum time and frequency standard.Simultaneously, much smaller than the high precision spectrum of atomic spectra natural linewidth, can, by high-accuracy laser spectroscopy to more high accuracy propelling, to Theory of Atomic Structure and quantrm electrodynamics, carry out more high-precision check.
The accompanying drawing explanation
The rubidium atomic energy level structural representation of the four-level quantized system that Fig. 1 is the embodiment of the present invention.
The structural representation that Fig. 2 is the laser frequency standard generation device based on the four-level quantized system in the embodiment of the present invention.
The level population number reversion schematic diagram of the rubidium atom active laser frequency standard that Fig. 3 is the embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-pump laser power supply, 2-pump laser, 3-pumping laser, 4-Fa-Po cavity, 5-chamber mirror, 6-sealing chamber, 7-rubidium atomic gas, 8-chamber mirror, 9-Output of laser.
Embodiment
For the purpose, technical scheme and the advantage that make the embodiment of the present invention is clearer, below by embodiment and by reference to the accompanying drawings, technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail.
A kind of typical four-level quantized system that the present embodiment is selected is the rubidium atom, and its level structure figure as shown in Figure 1, is followed successively by first, second, third and four-level from the low-lying level to the high level.The basic principle that produces active laser based on rubidium atom four-level quantized system is summarized as follows:
1) adopt the rubidium atomic gas as gain media, at first by a branch of correspondence, rubidium atomic energy level 5S and remove pumping rubidium atom to the 421nm laser of 6P transition wavelength as pump light;
2) under the pump light effect, in ground state 5S
1/2Four energy level 6P of atomic transition to the of (being first energy level of four-level quantized system)
1/2On state;
3) atom in four-level, arrive low-lying level by spontaneous transition, comprises the first energy level 5S
1/2State, three-level 6S
1/2State and the 5th energy level 4D
3/2On state;
4) after certain hour, three-level 6S
1/2Atom number on state surpasses the second energy level 5P
3/2Atom number on state, realize energy level 6S
1/2State and 5P
3/2Atomic population inversion between state;
5) three-level 6S
1/2Atom on state by spontaneous transition to the second energy level 5P
3/2State, emission 1366.9nm fluorescence produces stimulated radiation under the Fa-Po cavity effect, after stimulated radiation reaches over threshold value the self-oscillatory output condition that realizes laser, forms the stable laser generation on threshold value that reaches in chamber, finally exports corresponding energy level 6S
1/2State and 5P
1/2The 1366.9nm laser of transition between state, as laser frequency standard, i.e. active laser frequency standard.
The generation device of the laser frequency standard based on rubidium atom four-level quantized system of the present embodiment, it forms structure as shown in Figure 2.Now in conjunction with the laser production process to wherein each part description is as follows:
1) driving power 1 is laser 2 power supplies, the 421nm laser 3 that laser 2 provides pumping to use;
2) 421nm laser 3 normal incidences are to the chamber mirror 5 of Fa-Po cavity 4, and chamber mirror 5 plates the anti-reflection film of 421nm laser and the reflectance coating of 1367nm laser.The transmissivity of anti-reflection film can arrive 99%; The reflectivity of reflectance coating is determined according to fineness requirement, Free Spectral Range and chamber loft are wide.
3) 421nm laser 3 is by inciding in a sealing chamber (glass envelope or vacuum chamber) 6 after the mirror of chamber, with gain media wherein be that rubidium atomic gas 7 interacts, will be in the first energy level 5S
1/2On state, the atom pumping is to four-level 6P
1/2On state.In four-level 6P
1/2The atom spontaneous radiation of state and transition downwards forms three-level 6S after certain hour
1/2State and the second energy level 5P
3/2Population inversion between state, as shown in Figure 3.The interaction time that in Fig. 3, abscissa is 421nm laser and rubidium atomic gas 7, ordinate is the level population of population on corresponding energy level, and ρ 11-ρ 66 is respectively the level population on the corresponding energy level of the first energy level to the six energy levels.
4) three-level 6S
1/2Atom spontaneous transition on state is to the second energy level 5P
3/2On state, spontaneous radiation 1366.9nm fluorescence, the be all-trans reflectance coating of film and 1367nm laser of the chamber mirror 8 plating 421nm laser of Fa-Po cavity 4 forms laser self-oscillation under the Fa-Po cavity effect, reach on threshold value after output 1367nm laser 9, as laser frequency standard.
In above-described embodiment, adopt the rubidium atom as the four-level quantized system, but gain media of the present invention is not limited to this, there is mutually roughly the same other alkali metal atom of level structure, as lithium, sodium, potassium, caesium, also can realize the active laser frequency standard of four-level quantized system of the present invention.Described atomic gas both can be pure atomic gas, also can be the mixing atomic gas.
Active laser frequency standard based on the four-level quantized system of the present invention be to utilize the four-level quantized system, under the effect of pumping laser and bad chamber, form narrow-linewidth laser output.The present invention distinguishes with existing all other lasers in this case.
Finally it should be noted that: above embodiment is only in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described but not be limited, although with reference to preferred embodiment, the present invention is had been described in detail, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: it still can be modified or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and these modifications or be equal to replacement and also can not make amended technical scheme break away from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the generation device of the active laser frequency standard based on the four-level quantized system, it comprises:
One Fa-Po cavity, the cavity mirror plating of its incident end has pumping laser anti-reflection film and Output of laser reflectance coating, and the cavity mirror plating of its output has pumping laser be all-trans film and Output of laser reflectance coating;
One is filled with the sealing chamber of gain media, is arranged in described Fa-Po cavity, the pure atomic gas of the alkali metal that described gain media is the four-level quantized system, its gain live width be less than laserresonator chamber loft wide 1/2nd; Atom on four-level to the low-lying level transition, is realized atomic population inversion in three-level and the second energy level by spontaneous radiation; Atom spontaneous transition on described three-level to described the second energy level, produces stimulated radiation under the feedback effect of described Fa-Po cavity, and from the output Output of laser of described Fa-Po cavity; The pure atomic gas of described alkali metal is the rubidium atomic gas, and its ground state level is 5S
1/2State, the second energy level is 5P
3/2State, three-level is 6S
1/2State, four-level is 6P
1/2State;
One laser, for generation of pumping laser, be excited to four-level by described atomic gas from ground state level.
2. device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described sealing chamber is the clear glass bubble.
3. the production method of the active laser frequency standard based on the four-level quantized system, its step comprises:
1) establish a sealing chamber that is filled with gain media in a Fa-Po cavity, the pure atomic gas of the alkali metal that this gain media is the four-level quantized system, its gain live width be less than laserresonator chamber loft wide 1/2nd; The pure atomic gas of described alkali metal is the rubidium atomic gas, and its ground state level is 5S
1/2State, the second energy level is 5P
3/2State, three-level is 6S
1/2State, four-level is 6P
1/2State;
2) enter pumping laser at described Fa-Po cavity one end-fire, described atomic gas is excited to four-level from ground state level;
3) atom on described four-level to the low-lying level transition, is realized atomic population inversion in three-level and the second energy level by spontaneous radiation;
4) the atom spontaneous transition on described three-level, to described the second energy level, produces stimulated radiation under the feedback effect of described Fa-Po cavity, and from described Fa-Po cavity other end Output of laser.
4. method as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, described sealing chamber is the clear glass bubble.
5. method as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, the wavelength of described pumping laser is 421nm, and the wavelength of Output of laser is 1367nm.
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