CN102124237A - Wind turbine rotor and method of calibrating rotor blade pitch - Google Patents

Wind turbine rotor and method of calibrating rotor blade pitch Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102124237A
CN102124237A CN2009801315326A CN200980131532A CN102124237A CN 102124237 A CN102124237 A CN 102124237A CN 2009801315326 A CN2009801315326 A CN 2009801315326A CN 200980131532 A CN200980131532 A CN 200980131532A CN 102124237 A CN102124237 A CN 102124237A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
rotor blade
mark
longitudinal axis
around
rotor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN2009801315326A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
N·E·丹尼尔森
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vestas Wind Systems AS
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Vestas Wind Systems AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vestas Wind Systems AS filed Critical Vestas Wind Systems AS
Publication of CN102124237A publication Critical patent/CN102124237A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0658—Arrangements for fixing wind-engaging parts to a hub
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
    • F03D7/0224—Adjusting blade pitch
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C41/00—Other accessories, e.g. devices integrated in the bearing not relating to the bearing function as such
    • F16C41/007—Encoders, e.g. parts with a plurality of alternating magnetic poles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C41/00—Other accessories, e.g. devices integrated in the bearing not relating to the bearing function as such
    • F16C41/008—Identification means, e.g. markings, RFID-tags; Data transfer means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
    • F05B2260/74—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades by turning around an axis perpendicular the rotor centre line
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
    • F05B2260/79—Bearing, support or actuation arrangements therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/328—Blade pitch angle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/80—Devices generating input signals, e.g. transducers, sensors, cameras or strain gauges
    • F05B2270/802—Calibration thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/80—Devices generating input signals, e.g. transducers, sensors, cameras or strain gauges
    • F05B2270/809—Encoders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2300/00—Application independent of particular apparatuses
    • F16C2300/10—Application independent of particular apparatuses related to size
    • F16C2300/14—Large applications, e.g. bearings having an inner diameter exceeding 500 mm
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
    • F16C2360/31—Wind motors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

Provided is a wind turbine rotor comprising a hub with a rotor blade mounted to a bearing of the hub wherein the rotor blade has a longitudinal axis extending in a radial direction relative to an axis of rotation of the hub, and the rotor blade is rotatable about its longitudinal axis whereby the pitch of the rotor blade is adjustable. The rotor blade has a tag such as an RFID tag fixed on the rotor blade at a predetermined angular position about the longitudinal axis of the rotor blade; and a sensor is fixed on the hub for contactless sensing of the tag when the tag is in a predetermined angular position about the longitudinal axis of the rotor blade. Repeatedand accurate calibration of rotor blade pitch is hereby made possible.

Description

The method of wind turbine rotor and calibration rotor blade pitch
Technical field
The present invention relates to wind turbine generator, specifically, relate to the calibration of the propeller pitch angle of rotor blade with variablepiston.
Background technique
The modern wind turbogenerator has the rotor blade of feather usually, and promptly rotor blade can rotate relative to its longitudinal axis.Do like this is in order to optimize the roadability of wind turbine generator and rotor and single rotor blade.The rotor blade pitch can be adjusted according to the load of real work situation such as wind speed and wind turbine generator, and the rotor blade pitch can be adjusted respectively the single rotor blade during each rotation of rotor.
The rotor blade propeller pitch angle of the rotor blade pitch accurately being adjusted to requirement is important, and this is in order to realize the normal operation of whole system and each rotor blade.This requires rotor blade propeller pitch angle appropriate calibration.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of rotor that is used for wind turbine generator, it can carry out repetition and accurately calibration to the rotor blade propeller pitch angle according to suitable terminal wing chord (tip chord).Another one purpose of the present invention provides the method that a kind of calibration is used for the rotor blade propeller pitch angle of wind turbine generator.
Summary of the invention
Therefore the invention provides a kind of wind turbine rotor comprises wheel hub, described wheel hub has the rotor blade on the bearing that is installed to described wheel hub, wherein rotor blade has the longitudinal axis that extends in radial direction with respect to the spin axis of described wheel hub, described rotor blade can be around its longitudinal axis rotation, thereby the pitch of described rotor blade is adjustable, and described rotor blade has around the longitudinal axis of described rotor blade and is fixed on mark on the described rotor blade at predetermined angle position; And sensor is fixed on the described wheel hub, and described sensor is used for when described mark is in predetermined angle position around the longitudinal axis of described rotor blade the described mark of sensing contactlessly.
This rotor is used for repetition and accurately calibrates the propeller pitch angle of wind turbine rotor blade.When the rotor blade pitch need be calibrated, rotor blade rotated around its longitudinal axis, was in predetermined angle position with respect to the rotor blade longitudinal axis up to mark, and this position, angle is the place of sensor sense marked.Sensor is then exported corresponding signal to controller, controller with the position, angle of sensing as the reference angle position that is used to calibrate the rotor blade propeller pitch angle.
Mark is contactlessly detected, and does not promptly have Mechanical Contact, and mark can for example magnetically or optically be detected.But the mark of magnetic detection can comprise magnet, and the sensor that is used to detect it comprises the element such as reed component, Hall effect element and inductor coil etc.But the mark of optically detecting can comprise the zone with optical characteristics, and it is different from the peripheral region.The example of this optical characteristics is the characteristic of color, contrast ratio, reflectance and refraction and diffraction.
Yet, RF identification (RFID) mark preferably, this mark has radio frequency can detected relevant data such as sequence number with rotor blade, and other creation datas, physical data, such as type, length, revisions number, weight and the center of gravity of rotor blade, rotary inertia, mark with respect to the angle skew of terminal wing chord etc.The position, angle of mark can be the terminal wing chord angle or a kind of and terminal wing chord angle known relationship of rotor blade, so the terminal wing chord angle of rotor blade can be determined according to the position of detected mark.
The present invention also provides a kind of wind turbine generator with this rotor, this rotor is equipped with one or more rotor blades on wheel hub, make that the propeller pitch angle of each rotor blade is adjustable by rotor blade around its longitudinal axis rotation, has the sensor that is fixed on the wheel hub for each rotor blade rotor, be used for determining the predetermined angle position of the relative rotor blade longitudinal axis of mark, for example the radially aligning of mark and sensor.The blade pitch angle at the radially aligning place of mark and sensor can be used as the benchmark propeller pitch angle of the propeller pitch angle that is used to calibrate rotor blade.Mark is preferably located in the position, angle at the terminal wing chord angle of rotor blade, or a kind of and terminal wing chord angle known relationship, so the terminal wing chord angle of rotor blade can be determined.
The objective of the invention is easier and move wind turbine faster.Further, prevent from not cause the turbo machine aerodynamic force to be moved lopsidedly because the rotor blade pitch is calibrated.This imbalance can cause the fatigue stress that turbo machine is extra and cause significant trouble under limit case.
Have for example rotor blade that is used for wind turbine generator of 2m diameter at base portion (or root), around longitudinal axis rotate 1 degree corresponding in a circumferential direction around the 17mm of base portion distance.Mark can use the precision higher than this distance detected such as the position of the RFID mark of close base portion.This is hinting that promptly the rotor blade propeller pitch angle can for example be calibrated less than the validity of 1 degree in corresponding degree of accuracy.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the axial cross section sectional view along the wind turbine generator hub portion, on wheel hub, be equipped with rotor blade and
Fig. 2 is the sectional view of arrow II-II line direction indication in Fig. 1, and it passes the root of rotor blade.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is the sectional view along the wheel hub 100 of wind turbine generator.Rotor blade 200 is assembled on the wheel hub by rotor blade bearings 210.Blade bearing 210 has bearing inner race 211 and bearing outer ring 212, and bearing inner race 211 is fixed to the base end of blade 200 by bolt 214, and bearing outer ring 212 is fixed on the wheel hub 100 by bolt 215.Blade bearing 210 with and bearing inner race 211 and bearing outer ring 212 also shown in Figure 2.Between bearing inner race 211 and bearing outer ring 212 ball or roller 213, thereby bearing inner race 211, bearing outer ring 212 and ball or roller 213 be configured for rotor blade 200 ball bearings or roller bearing, and rotor blade can be rotated so that adjust the rotor blade propeller pitch angle relative to its longitudinal axis 201.But the device that is used to adjust the rotor blade propeller pitch angle does not illustrate can comprise for example electronic or fluid pressure drive device.
Base portion near rotor blade 200 has RF identification (RFID) mark 220 that is attached to its outer surface.Sensor 221 is housed on outer ring 212, and sensor 221 is radially aimed at the angle position of sense marked 220 with respect to longitudinal axis 201 places of rotor blade 200 by mark 220 and sensor 221.Sensor cable 222 is connected to sensor 221 the control gear (not shown) that is used to handle from the signal of sensor.Having groove on the wheel hub is installed on the bolt 215 of a pair of special use to guarantee sensor.This will guarantee that sensor only can be installed on the correct position.
Wheel hub will rotate around its spin axis during operation, will be level if this axis is drawn among Fig. 1.Controller (not shown) control actuating mechanism (not shown) turns to the rotor blade propeller pitch angle of requirement with rotor blade 200 bearing inner races 211 mounted thereto, and promptly terminal wing chord is with respect to the angle on the plane vertical with the spin axis of wheel hub.Terminal wing chord is the linear part at the end of rotor blade, and its direction is defined as the leading edge of rotor blade endways and the direction between the trailing edge.
The calibration of rotor blade propeller pitch angle can carried out during one jiao of position when rotor blade 200, this angle position mark 200 radially aim at sensor 221 or between the narrow angular region around it in.Have known propeller pitch angle at such position rotor blade, zero degree for example, controller with this angle as the reference angle and the variation of calculating the rotor blade propeller pitch angle according to this reference angle.
The position, angle of the rotor blade that mark 220 and sensor 221 are radially aimed at can once or several times obtain in the running of wind turbine generator termly, and perhaps it can obtain by controller in order to calibrate the rotor blade propeller pitch angle.Therefore, the reliable calibration of rotor blade propeller pitch angle can be apace, repeatedly and as required usually plain mode carry out.

Claims (6)

1. a wind turbine rotor comprises wheel hub, and described wheel hub has the rotor blade on the bearing that is installed to described wheel hub, wherein:
-rotor blade has the longitudinal axis that extends in radial direction with respect to the spin axis of described wheel hub, described rotor blade can be around its longitudinal axis rotation, thereby the pitch of described rotor blade is adjustable, and described rotor blade has around the longitudinal axis of described rotor blade and is fixed on mark on the described rotor blade at predetermined angle position;
And
-being fixed on the sensor on the described wheel hub, described sensor is used for when described mark is in predetermined angle position around the longitudinal axis of described rotor blade the described mark of sensing contactlessly.
2. rotor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described mark is RF identification (RFID) mark.
3. rotor as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described mark has the data relevant with described rotor blade, and described data can read by the radio frequency interaction effect with described mark.
4. according to the described rotor of above-mentioned arbitrary claim, it is characterized in that described mark is determined the terminal wing chord angle of described rotor blade around the predetermined angle position of the longitudinal axis of described rotor blade.
5. a wind turbine generator is characterized in that, comprises arbitrary described rotor as claim 1-4.
6. the method for the propeller pitch angle of the rotor blade of a calibration such as claims 5 described wind turbine generators, described method comprises:
-rotate described rotor blade around its longitudinal axis, to obtain the predetermined angle position of described mark around the longitudinal axis of described rotor blade; And
-described mark is set to the benchmark propeller pitch angle around the predetermined angle position of the longitudinal axis of described rotor blade.
CN2009801315326A 2008-08-13 2009-08-12 Wind turbine rotor and method of calibrating rotor blade pitch Pending CN102124237A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DKPA200801091 2008-08-13
DKPA200801091 2008-08-13
US8910108P 2008-08-15 2008-08-15
US61/089,101 2008-08-15
PCT/DK2009/050200 WO2010017820A2 (en) 2008-08-13 2009-08-12 Wind turbine rotor and method of calibrating rotor blade pitch

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CN102124237A true CN102124237A (en) 2011-07-13

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US (1) US9033663B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2324259A2 (en)
CN (1) CN102124237A (en)
WO (1) WO2010017820A2 (en)

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CN103452754A (en) * 2012-05-29 2013-12-18 北京三一自动化技术有限责任公司 Paddle zero setting method of wind power generator
CN104541051A (en) * 2012-06-22 2015-04-22 Lmwp专利控股有限公司 A system and method to provide for accurate alignment when mounting a wind turbine blade
CN105089931A (en) * 2014-05-13 2015-11-25 通用电气公司 Draught fan and alignment method for draught fan blades
CN109153150A (en) * 2017-03-10 2019-01-04 Gfsi集团有限责任公司 Wind turbine blade recycling

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KR20120073155A (en) * 2010-08-30 2012-07-04 미츠비시 쥬고교 가부시키가이샤 Wind power generator
CN101966965A (en) * 2010-10-31 2011-02-09 江苏文德新能源有限公司 Special hanger with guide cover wheel hub and turning and hanging method
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EP2623769A1 (en) * 2012-02-01 2013-08-07 LM Wind Power A/S Wind turbine blade with a connection ring forming part of a blade root - to - hub connection
US9638169B2 (en) 2014-02-19 2017-05-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for setting a pitch reference point for a wind turbine blade on a rotor
EP3279470B1 (en) 2016-08-06 2021-11-03 Nidec SSB Wind Systems GmbH Method for pitch angle measuring and/or for establishing a measuring system for pitch angle measuring
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JP6937910B2 (en) * 2017-11-16 2021-09-22 ヴォッベン プロパティーズ ゲーエムベーハー Connecting the rotor blades of a wind turbine to the rotor hub

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103452754A (en) * 2012-05-29 2013-12-18 北京三一自动化技术有限责任公司 Paddle zero setting method of wind power generator
CN103452754B (en) * 2012-05-29 2016-02-03 北京三一自动化技术有限责任公司 The blade zero point setting method of wind-driven generator
CN104541051A (en) * 2012-06-22 2015-04-22 Lmwp专利控股有限公司 A system and method to provide for accurate alignment when mounting a wind turbine blade
CN105089931A (en) * 2014-05-13 2015-11-25 通用电气公司 Draught fan and alignment method for draught fan blades
CN109153150A (en) * 2017-03-10 2019-01-04 Gfsi集团有限责任公司 Wind turbine blade recycling
US10953407B2 (en) 2017-03-10 2021-03-23 Gfsi Group Llc Wind turbine blade recycling
CN109153150B (en) * 2017-03-10 2021-04-09 Gfsi集团有限责任公司 Wind turbine blade recovery

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WO2010017820A3 (en) 2010-08-26
US20110227342A1 (en) 2011-09-22
US9033663B2 (en) 2015-05-19
EP2324259A2 (en) 2011-05-25
WO2010017820A2 (en) 2010-02-18

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Application publication date: 20110713