CN102039664B - 多层膜的叠合方法和用该方法制成的太阳能电池背板 - Google Patents
多层膜的叠合方法和用该方法制成的太阳能电池背板 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102039664B CN102039664B CN2009102052283A CN200910205228A CN102039664B CN 102039664 B CN102039664 B CN 102039664B CN 2009102052283 A CN2009102052283 A CN 2009102052283A CN 200910205228 A CN200910205228 A CN 200910205228A CN 102039664 B CN102039664 B CN 102039664B
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- GHUXAYLZEGLXDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-azido-5-ethyl-6-phenylphenanthridin-5-ium-3-amine;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C12=CC(N=[N+]=[N-])=CC=C2C2=CC=C(N)C=C2[N+](CC)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 GHUXAYLZEGLXDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- IQSHMXAZFHORGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl prop-2-enoate;2-methylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C.CC(=C)C(O)=O IQSHMXAZFHORGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxiran-2-ylmethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC1CO1 RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002215 polytrimethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
- B29C48/0011—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with compression moulding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
- B29C48/08—Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/15—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. extrusion moulding around inserts
- B29C48/154—Coating solid articles, i.e. non-hollow articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
- B29C48/18—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
- B29C48/21—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers the layers being joined at their surfaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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Abstract
公开了一种多层叠层膜的制造方法,它包括:(a)提供含氟聚合物膜;(b)提供经拉伸的聚酯膜;(c)提供乙烯聚合物;和(d)在270℃或以上的温度下用挤出涂覆方法形成包括含氟聚合物/乙烯共聚物/拉伸聚酯的多层叠层膜所述乙烯共聚物选自乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸C1-6烷酯共聚物、乙烯/除所述(甲基)丙烯酸以外的烯键不饱和羧酸,或其以任意比例的掺混物;所述乙烯共聚物中乙烯的含量占60-90重量%,较好占65-85重量%,更好占70-80重量%。还公开了用该方法制得的多层叠层膜、含该多层叠层膜的太阳能电池板。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种多层膜的叠合方法和用该方法形成的多层叠合膜。本发明还涉及用该多层叠合膜作为背板制成的太阳能电池。
背景技术
随着全球气候的变暖,各国政府对节能减排的要求越来越高。因此寻找新能源替代石化燃料成为迫切需要解决的问题。
太阳能是一种干净无污染并且取之不尽的能源。目前太阳能的利用主要通过太阳能电池板将其转化成电能,随后用于驱动例如电热水炉、电动汽车、卫星部件等。
太阳能电池板是指从光,尤其是太阳光,直接产生电流的光电元件。现有的太阳能电池板主要包括背板、太阳能电池电路、封装材料和前板。
太阳能电池板中封装材料(例如乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯薄膜)的作用是将前板和背板结合在一起。在约150℃的层压操作中,乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯熔体会流入太阳能电池的间隙中,将太阳能电池封装。
太阳能电池板中前板的作用主要是保护太阳能电池免遭机械和风化的影响。为了充分利用光线,所述前板必须在一定的光谱范围内(例如对于晶体硅电池,这一范围是400-1100nm)具有高的透光率。现有的太阳能电池板的前板主要由玻璃(通常为3-4mm厚的低铁燧石钢化玻璃)或聚合物材料组成。
太阳能电池板的背板主要用于保护太阳能电池和包封材料或粘合剂免遭潮气和氧化。因此,要求所述背板具有优良的水汽阻隔性能和耐天候老化性能,并且提供电绝缘性能。
目前,常见的作为太阳能电池板背板的多层叠合膜有例如含氟聚合物膜/聚苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜/含氟聚合物膜,在含氟聚合物膜/聚苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜的界面上使用有机溶剂基粘合剂将两者粘合在一起。这种叠合膜的最大缺点是需要使用有机溶剂基粘合剂。已知有机溶剂会破坏环境,并且会严重影响操作人员的身体健康,即便是有机溶剂中毒性相对最小的乙醇也会损伤操作人员的肝脏。因此需要一种无需有机溶剂的方法来制造适合太阳能电池板背板的多层叠合膜。
现有技术公开有多种多层叠合膜及其制造方法。例如,美国专利5,139,878公开了一种多层膜结构,它包括至少一种氟聚合物膜(例如聚四氟乙烯)、至少一种热塑性聚合物膜(例如聚苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)和在两者之间的至少一种粘合剂层(例如由具有2-8个碳原子的烯烃与α,β-烯键不饱和羧酸的烷酯形成的聚合物树脂)。在其具体实施例中,该多层叠合膜是通过共挤出形成的。据称所述多层叠合膜呈现高的粘结强度和良好的水汽和气体阻隔性能,适合作为食品和药品的包装材料。
虽然这种现有的多层叠合膜具有满足包装材料要求的水汽和气体阻挡性能,但是这种性能还不足以满足除包装材料以外的许多其它用途。例如,具有这种阻隔性能的叠合膜不足以满足作为太阳能电池板背板的用途,例如机械性能,电绝缘性能,耐候性能等。需要对其性能作进一步的改进。
改进现有的多层叠合膜性能的一种方法是对所述热塑性聚合物膜进行拉伸改性。已知经拉伸后形成的聚合物膜(如PET)的性能,(例如阻隔性能、光学性能、耐低温性能、耐高温性能、尺寸稳定性等)会有明显的改进。但是,当使用经预先拉伸的热塑性聚合物层时,现有技术常用的用于叠合含氟聚合物和热塑性聚合物的熔体共挤出方法将不再适用。因此,需要针对拉伸膜开发新的同时不使用有机溶剂或者少使用有机溶剂的叠合方法。
现有技术提出了许多方法将含氟聚合物层与非氟的(或者基本非氟的)聚合物层粘合在一起。例如,鉴于含氟聚合物和非氟的(或基本非氟的)聚合物这两种完全不同材料之间差的粘性,受让人为美国3M创新公司的美国专利US6,767,948B1提出使用冠醚催化剂将所述含氟聚合物和非氟的(或者基本非氟的)聚合物这两种完全不同材料叠合在一起,使之具有满足要求的粘结强度。但是这种方法同样因为采用冠醚催化剂而如有机溶剂那样会产生环境问题。
挤出复合法是一种将熔融的树脂通过模头挤出,涂布在另外的基材上制成复合薄膜的复合方法。已知挤出复合法主要有三种方式:单层挤出复合、串联挤出复合和共挤出复合。和其它复合方法相比,挤出复合具有复合速度快、生产效率高、加工成本低等优点,它常用于制备包装材料用的复合材料:
现有技术(例如https://food.icxo.com/htmlnews/2004/09/08/325139.htm)有报道在使用聚氨酯底涂剂(YH4501,北京高盟化工有限公司)采用挤出复合法制备聚乙烯叠合膜时,层间粘接力在很大程度上取决于聚乙烯的加工工艺。影响关键是熔融温度、喷嘴和辊筒的空气间隙、操作速度、电晕处理程度和底涂剂涂布量。较高的挤出温度能够提高粘接力,但将使热封性能降低。
但是,现有技术未提到怎样将含氟聚合物和非氟聚合物用挤出复合法叠合在一起。如上所述,鉴于含氟聚合物特殊的表面特性,如极低的表面能,极低的表面活性,难以粘接,适用于用挤出复合法叠合聚乙烯膜的方法不一定适合将含氟聚合物和非氟材料叠合在一起并得到其叠合强度和耐候性都能满足要求的叠合物,尤其是满足太阳能电池性能要求的叠合物。
因此,仍需要开发一种包括经拉伸的热塑性聚合物膜和含氟聚合物膜的叠合物,制造该叠合物时无需使用有机溶剂或者有机催化剂。
发明内容
本发明的一个发明目的是提供一种多层叠合膜的制造方法,该方法无需使用有机溶剂或有机催化剂,并且制得的多层叠合膜适合作为太阳能电池板的背板。
本发明的另一个发明目的是提供一种用本发明方法制得的多层叠合膜,它适合作为太阳能电池板的背板。
本发明的再一个发明目的是提供一种用本发明方法制得的多层叠合膜作为背板的太阳能电池板。
因此,本文的一个方面涉及一种多层叠层膜的制造方法,它包括:
(a)提供含氟聚合物膜;
(b)提供经拉伸的聚酯膜;
(c)提供乙烯共聚物;和
(d)在270℃或以上的温度下用挤出复合方法形成含氟聚合物/乙烯共聚物/拉伸聚酯的多层叠层膜;
所述乙烯共聚物选自乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸C1-6烷酯共聚物、乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯-除所述(甲基)丙烯酸以外的烯键不饱和羧酸的共聚物,或者两种或多种上述共聚物的混合物,所述乙烯共聚物中来自乙烯的单体单元的量占60-90重量%。
本文的另一方面涉及一种用上述方法形成的含氟聚合物/乙烯共聚物/拉伸聚酯的多层叠层膜。
本文的再一方面涉及一种太阳能电池板,它包括前片、太阳能电池电路和背板,其特征在于所述背板是由上述本发明的含氟聚合物/乙烯聚合物/拉伸聚酯的多层叠层膜形成的。
具体实施方式
已知用挤出复合法形成含氟聚合物/乙烯共聚物/拉伸聚酯的多层叠层膜的方法包括将所述乙烯共聚物熔融挤出在含氟聚合物层和拉伸聚酯层之间,经压合冷却后形成所述含氟聚合物/乙烯共聚物/拉伸聚酯的多层叠层膜。
本发明人发现:挤出复合法形成的叠合膜的粘结强度取决于乙烯共聚物的组成。本发明就是在该发现的基础上完成的。
含氟聚合物层
本文所述多层叠层膜包括含氟聚合物层。适用的含氟聚合物无特别的限制,可以是本领域已知的任何含氟聚合物,包括含氟单体的均聚物、含氟单体的共聚物或者含氟单体与非氟化单体的共聚物,只要所述共聚物中来自含氟单体的单元含量占20重量%以上,较好占40-99重量%,更好占55-98重量%即可。
在本文的一个实例中,所述含氟聚合物包括含有衍生自氟乙烯的单体单元、衍生自二氟乙烯的单体单元、衍生自偏二氟乙烯的单体单元和/或衍生自全氟乙烯的单体单元的聚合物或共聚物。
例如,所述含氟聚合物可以是氟乙烯均聚物、偏二氟乙烯均聚物、1,2-二氟乙烯均聚物、氟乙烯/C2-4一元非氟化烯烃的共聚物、偏二氟乙烯/C2-4一元非氟化烯烃的共聚物、六氟丙烯/氟乙烯共聚物、六氟丙烯/偏二氟乙烯共聚物、六氟丙烯/1,2-二氟乙烯共聚物、四氟乙烯/氟乙烯共聚物、四氟乙烯/偏二氟乙烯共聚物、四氟乙烯/1,2-二氟乙烯共聚物、三氟氯乙烯/氟乙烯共聚物、三氟氯乙烯/偏二氟乙烯共聚物、三氟氯乙烯/1,2-二氟乙烯共聚物等。
在本文的另一个实例中,所述含氟聚合物包括含有衍生自六氟丙烯的单体单元、四氟乙烯的单体单元、三氟氯乙烯的单体单元和/或其它全氟烯烃的单体单元的聚合物或共聚物。
例如,所述含氟聚合物可以是六氟丙烯均聚物、四氟乙烯均聚物、三氟氯乙烯均聚物、乙烯/四氟乙烯共聚物、四氟乙烯/丙烯共聚物、三氟氯乙烯/乙烯共聚物、乙烯/四氟乙烯/六氟丙烯共聚物等。
适用于本文所述的含氟聚合物还包括两种或多种上述聚合物或共聚物的掺混物。
合适的含氟聚合物也可从市场上购得,例如,它可以是以Tedlar的商品名购自美国杜邦公司的聚氟乙烯。
在上述含氟聚合物基层的一个或两个主表面上还可复合一层或多层选自金属层、金属氧化物层或非金属氧化物层的表面镀层,形成表面有金属、金属氧化物和/或非金属氧化物层的含氟聚合物基层。
所述金属氧化物层或非金属氧化物层的厚度通常为50埃至4000埃,较好为100埃至1000埃。
所述金属层的厚度无特别的限制,可以是本领域常规的厚度。
适用的金属氧化物或非金属氧化物无特别的限制,可以是本领域常用的任何金属氧化物或非金属氧化物。在本发明的一个实例中,使用的金属氧化物或非金属氧化物包括氧化硅(SiOx,X=1-2)或者氧化铝(AlOx,x=0.5-1.5)。
在本文的一个实例中,采用气相沉积法将上述氧化物层沉积在含氟聚合物的一个或两个表面上。
适用的金属层无特别的限制,可以是本领域常用的任何金属层,例如银箔、铝箔、锡箔等。从成本等因素考虑,通常为铝箔。
所述表面复合有金属或金属氧化物/非金属氧化物层的含氟聚合物基层的总厚度一般为8-100微米,较好为10-50微米,更好为12-40微米。
在本文的另一个较好实例中,仅仅在含氟聚合物基层的一个表面上复合有所述金属层、金属氧化物或非金属氧化物层,该基层的另一个表面与本发明乙烯共聚物相接触。
拉伸的聚酯层
本文所述的叠层膜还包括拉伸的聚酯层。
当采用聚酯作为基层时,所述聚酯无特别的限制,可以是本领域已知的任何聚酯膜层,也可以是两层或多层聚酯膜的叠层膜。在本发明的一个实例中,所述聚酯基层的总厚度为50-350微米,较好为75-300微米,更好为100-250微米。
适用于作为本发明基层的聚酯材料的非限定性例子有,例如:
聚苯二甲酸C2-6烷二醇酯,较好聚苯二甲酸C2-4烷二醇酯,如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸己二醇酯、聚邻苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚邻苯二甲酸丙二醇酯、聚邻苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚邻苯二甲酸己二醇酯等。较好为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯;
聚萘二甲酸C2-6烷二醇酯,较好聚萘二甲酸C2-4烷二醇酯,例如聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸丙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸丁二醇酯等;或者
以上两种或多种材料的共聚物和共混物。
适用于本文所述的聚合化合物膜是经单向或双向拉伸的,单向拉伸比一般为2-4倍,较好为2.5-3.5倍;双向拉伸时,纵向拉伸比一般为2-4倍,较好为2.5-3.5倍;横向拉伸比一般为2-4倍,较好为2.5-3.5倍。
适用的经拉伸的聚酯膜也可从市场上购得。例如,它可以是购自美国杜邦-帝人有限公司的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
在上述聚酯层的一个或两个主表面上还可复合一层或多层选自金属层、金属氧化物层或非金属氧化物层的表面镀层,形成表面有金属、金属氧化物和/或非金属氧化物层的聚酯层。
所述金属氧化物层或非金属氧化物层的厚度通常为50埃至4000埃,较好为100埃至1000埃。
适用的金属氧化物或非金属氧化物无特别的限制,可以是本领域常用的任何金属氧化物或非金属氧化物。在本发明的一个实例中,使用的金属氧化物或非金属氧化物包括氧化硅(SiOx,X=1-2)或者氧化铝(AlOx,x=0.5-1.5)。
在本文的一个实例中,采用气相沉积法将上述氧化物层沉积在聚酯层的一个或两个表面上。
适用的金属层无特别的限制,可以是本领域常用的任何金属层,例如银箔、铝箔、锡箔等。从成本等因素考虑,通常为铝箔。
所述表面复合有金属或金属氧化物/非金属氧化物层的聚酯层的厚度一般为8-20微米。它在使用时通常与常规的聚酯薄膜复合在一起,复合方法无特别限制,可以是本领域通常使用的方法。在本发明的一个实例中,将一个或两个主表面上带有氧化铝镀层的厚度为12微米的PET薄膜与厚度为250微米的PET薄膜以经涂覆PET的涂覆表面与未经涂覆PET表面接触的方式经粘合剂复合在一起使用。
PET薄膜的表面也可以复合有铝箔,铝箔厚度为5-30微米,较好为8-25微米。复合方法无特别限制,可以是本领域通常使用的方法。在本发明的一个实例中,将厚度为25微米的铝箔与厚度为250微米的PET薄膜经粘合剂复合在一起使用。
乙烯共聚物粘结层
在本文中所述乙烯共聚物粘结层又称乙烯共聚物层或者乙烯共聚物中间层。用于形成所述乙烯共聚物粘结层的乙烯共聚物包括乙烯与其它α烯烃的共聚物,其非限定性例子有,例如乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸C1-6烷酯的共聚物、乙烯/除所述(甲基)丙烯酸以外的烯键不饱和羧酸(或其酯或酸酐)的共聚物、乙烯与两种或多种选自(甲基)丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸C1-6烷酯或者除所述(甲基)丙烯酸以外的烯键不饱和羧酸(或其酯或酸酐)形成的三元或多元共聚物、或其以任意比例的掺混物。在本文的一个实例中,所述共聚物中乙烯的含量占60-90重量%,较好占65-88重量%,更好占70-85重量%。
所述乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸C1-6烷酯的共聚物的非限定性例子有,例如乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯共聚物、乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸丙酯共聚物、乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯共聚物或者它们中的两种或多种以任意比例形成的混合物。
所述除所述(甲基)丙烯酸以外的烯键不饱和羧酸、其酯或酸酐的非限定性例子有,例如马来酸(或其酯或酸酐)、富马酸(或其酯或酸酐)、琥珀酸(或其酯或酸酐)等。
在本文的一个实例中,所述乙烯共聚物粘结层包括乙烯与一种或多种这样的共聚单体形成的乙烯共聚物,所述共聚单体选自甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸丙酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和马来酸酐。
在本文的另一个实例中,所述乙烯共聚物选自乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯-(甲基)丙烯酸三聚物、乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯-(甲基)丙烯酸三聚物、乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸丙酯-(甲基)丙烯酸三聚物、乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯-(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯三聚物和乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸-甲酯马来酸酐三聚物。
在所述乙烯共聚物层中还可添加各种已知的添加剂,使之满足各种不同的要求。适用的添加剂有,例如光稳定剂,抗水解剂,光反射剂,颜料,染料,爽滑剂等。
所述乙烯共聚物也可从市场上购得,例如,它可以以Bynel的商品名购自美国杜邦公司。
本文所述叠层膜中各层的厚度无特别的限制,取决于具体的用途。在本文的一个较好实例中,所述含氟聚合物层的厚度为20-50微米,较好25-38微米;所述乙烯共聚物膜的厚度为5-100微米,较好为20-50微米;所述聚酯膜的厚度为50-300微米,较好为100-250微米。
所述乙烯共聚物粘结层本身也可以是两层,三层或者多层材料,它可通过共挤出的方式形成,从而将含氟聚合物薄膜和拉伸聚酯薄膜复合在一起。
叠合方法
本文所述的叠层膜是用挤出复合法形成的。本发明的发明人发现用挤出复合法形成的叠合膜的层间粘结强度取决于乙烯共聚物的组成。当乙烯共聚物含有超过10重量%共聚单体时,形成的叠层膜的粘结强度会得到明显改善,通常可超过5N/cm。
因此,本文所述的叠层膜制造方法包括如下步骤:
(a)提供含氟聚合物膜;
(b)提供经拉伸的聚酯膜;
(c)将乙烯共聚物熔融挤出在上述两种膜的间隙上,所述乙烯共聚物的熔体温度为270℃或270℃以上;
(d)以所述乙烯共聚物作为中间层的方式将所述两种膜叠合在一起;
其中,所述乙烯共聚物选自乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸C1-6烷酯、乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸、乙烯/除所述(甲基)丙烯酸以外的烯键不饱和羧酸(或其酯或酸酐)的共聚物、乙烯与两种或多种选自(甲基)丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸C1-6烷酯或者除所述(甲基)丙烯酸以外的烯键不饱和羧酸(或其酯或酸酐)形成的三元或多元共聚物、或其两种或多种的混合物,并且所述乙烯共聚物中来自乙烯的单体单元的量占60-90重量%。
在本文所述的方法中,乙烯聚合物的熔体温度可以是270℃到乙烯聚合物的分解温度之间的任何温度,一般为270-350℃,较好为280-330℃,更好为290-310℃。
为进一步提高制得的叠层的粘结强度,还可以对所述含氟聚合物膜、所述聚酯膜或者两者进行表面处理。所述表面处理的方法可以是本领域已知的任何表面处理,例如电晕处理、底涂处理等。
本文还涉及一种太阳能电池板,它包括背板、太阳能电池电路、包封材料和前板,其中所述背板是由本文所述的上述叠层膜制得的。
下面结合实施例进一步说明本发明。
实施例
叠层膜层间粘结强度试验方法
将叠层膜切成2.54cm宽,10cm长的样条,将聚酯层与含氟聚合物层分别固定在拉伸测试机的上下夹具中,进行剥离测试,速度为5inch/min。
叠层膜与乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物封装材料之间的剥离强度试验方法
将叠层膜(含氟聚合物膜在最外侧,聚酯层靠近封装膜)、乙酸乙烯酯共聚物封装膜、玻璃按顺序铺层,放在层压机中进行真空层压交联,操作条件设定为145℃、15min。然后将样品切成2.54cm宽,10cm长的样条,背板叠层膜与封装材料/玻璃层分别固定在拉伸测试机的上下夹具中,进行剥离测试,速度为5inch/min。
实施例1
聚氟乙烯/乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物/双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯叠层
膜
在Davis Standard生产的挤出涂覆/复合设备上,将上述双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜作第一放卷,上述聚氟乙烯膜作为第二放卷,将乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物(25微米厚,含17重量%丙烯酸丁酯,熔融指数为7,购自美国杜邦公司)在挤出机中熔融挤出(从进料到模头温度为180℃,210℃,250℃,280℃,310℃)至聚氟乙烯膜和双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜中间,冷却后收卷得到复合膜。室温放置一周后测其剥离强度,结果在8N/cm时未观察到发生脱层(此时聚氟乙烯层发生断裂)。
将该复合膜放置在85℃,85%RH环境箱中1000小时后,测定剥离强度,结果在8N/cm时未观察到发生脱层(此时聚氟乙烯层发生断裂)。
按上述叠层膜与乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物封装材料之间的剥离强度试验方法测定制得的叠层膜与乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物封装材料之间的剥离强度,结果为5N/cm。
实施例2
聚氟乙烯/乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物/双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯叠层膜
在Davis Standard生产的挤出涂覆/复合设备上将聚氟乙烯膜作为第一放卷,将乙烯-丙烯酸共聚合物(25μ,含12重量%丙烯酸,熔融指数为13.5,购自美国杜邦公司)在挤出机中熔融挤出(从进料到模头温度为190℃,230℃,260℃,290℃,320℃)附着到聚氟乙烯和双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜的界面上,冷却后收卷得到复合膜。室温放置一周后测其剥离强度,结果在8N/cm时未观察到发生脱层(此时聚氟乙烯层发生断裂)。
经1000小时85℃,85%RH老化,聚氟乙烯/双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯之间的剥离强度超过8N/cm(此时聚氟乙烯层发生断裂)。
按上述叠层膜与乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物封装材料之间的剥离强度试验方法测定制得的叠层膜与乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物封装材料之间的剥离强度,结果为5N/cm。
比较例1
聚氟乙烯/乙烯-甲基丙烯酸共聚物/双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯叠层
膜
在Davis Standard生产的挤出复合设备上,将上述聚氟乙烯膜作为第一放卷,上述双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜作第二放卷,将乙烯-甲基丙烯酸共聚物(25微米厚,含4重量%甲基丙烯酸,熔融指数为7.5,购自美国杜邦公司)在挤出机中熔融挤出(从进料到模头温度为170℃,200℃,230℃,260℃,290℃)至聚氟乙烯膜和双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜中间,冷却后收卷得到复合膜。室温放置一周后测其剥离强度,结果在0.5N/cm时观察到发生脱层。
比较例2
聚氟乙烯/乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物/双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯叠层膜用电晕处理设备对聚氟乙烯膜(25微米厚,商品名购自美国杜邦公司)和双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜(250微米,纵向拉伸3.5倍、横向拉伸3倍)进行电晕处理。
在Davis Standard生产的挤出复合设备上,将上述聚氟乙烯膜作为第一放卷,上述双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜作第二放卷,将乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物(25微米厚,含4.3重量%甲基丙烯酸,熔融指数为1.1,购自美国杜邦公司)在挤出机中熔融挤出(从进料到模头温度为170℃,200℃,230℃,260℃,290℃)至聚氟乙烯膜和双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜中间,冷却后收卷得到复合膜。室温放置一周后测其剥离强度,结果在0.8N/cm时观察到发生脱层。
实施例3
聚氟乙烯/乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物/双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/聚氟乙
烯叠层膜
使用实施例1相同的方法对聚氟乙烯膜(25微米厚,商品名购自美国杜邦公司)和双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜(PET,250微米,纵向拉伸3.5倍、横向拉伸3倍)进行电晕处理,只是PET的两个表面都经过处理。
在多模头连续挤出涂覆/复合设备上将聚氟乙烯膜作为第一放卷,将乙烯-丙烯酸共聚合物(25μ,含12重量%丙烯酸,熔融指数为13.5,购自美国杜邦公司)在挤出机中熔融挤出(从进料到模头温度为190℃,230℃,260℃,290℃,320℃)附着到聚氟乙烯和双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜的界面上,压紧冷却后进入第二个挤出复合区,将另外一卷聚氟乙烯薄膜作为第三放卷,将乙烯-丙烯酸共聚合物(25μ,含12重量%丙烯酸,熔融指数为13.5,购自杜邦)在挤出机中熔融挤出(从进料到模头温度为190℃,230℃,260℃,290℃,320℃)附着到Tedlar/PET和Tedlar界面中,压紧,冷却后收卷得到Tedlar/PET/Tedlar复合膜。室温放置一周后测其剥离强度,结果在8N/cm时未观察到发生脱层(此时聚氟乙烯层发生断裂)。
经1000小时85℃,85%RH老化,聚氟乙烯/双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯之间的剥离强度超过8N/cm(此时聚氟乙烯层发生断裂)。
这种方法实现了一步法连续生产背板,大大提高了生产效率。
按上述叠层膜与乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物封装材料之间的剥离强度试验方法测定制得的叠层膜与乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物封装材料之间的剥离强度,结果为7N/cm。
实施例4
聚氟乙烯/乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物/双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/乙
烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物叠层膜
使用实施例1相同的方法对聚氟乙烯膜(25微米厚,商品名购自美国杜邦公司)和双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜(PET,188微米,纵向拉伸3.5倍、横向拉伸3倍)进行电晕处理,只是PET的两个表面都经过处理。
在多模头连续挤出涂覆/复合设备上将聚氟乙烯膜作为第一放卷,将乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚合物(25μ,含20重量%丙烯酸甲酯,熔融指数为8,购自美国杜邦公司)在挤出机中熔融挤出(从进料到模头温度为160℃,190℃,220℃,250℃,300℃)附着到聚氟乙烯和双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜的界面上,压紧冷却后进入第二个挤出涂覆区,将乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚合物(35μ,含20重量%丙烯酸甲酯,熔融指数为8,购自美国杜邦公司)在挤出机中熔融挤出(从进料到模头温度为160℃,190℃,220℃,250℃,300℃)附着到PET的另一个表面,压紧,冷却后收卷得到聚氟乙烯/乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物/双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物叠层膜。
室温放置一周后测其剥离强度,结果在8N/cm时未观察到发生脱层(此时聚氟乙烯层发生断裂)。
经1000小时85℃,85%RH老化,聚氟乙烯/双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯之间的剥离强度超过8N/cm(此时聚氟乙烯层发生断裂)。
这种方法实现了一步法连续生产背板,大大提高了生产效率。
按上述叠层膜与乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物封装材料之间的剥离强度试验方法测定制得的叠层膜与乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物封装材料之间的剥离强度,结果为80N/cm。
实施例5
聚氟乙烯/乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物/双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/乙
烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物/低密度聚乙烯共聚物叠层膜
使用实施例1相同的方法对聚氟乙烯膜(25微米厚,商品名购自美国杜邦公司)和双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜(PET,188微米,纵向拉伸3.5倍、横向拉伸3倍)进行电晕处理,只是PET的两个表面都经过处理。
在多模头多挤出机连续共挤出涂覆/复合设备上将聚氟乙烯膜作为第一放卷,将乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚合物(25μ,含20重量%丙烯酸甲酯,熔融指数为8,购自美国杜邦公司)在挤出机中熔融挤出(从进料到模头温度为160℃,190℃,220℃,250℃,300℃)附着到聚氟乙烯和双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜的界面上,压紧冷却后进入第二个挤出涂覆区,将乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚合物(35μ,含20重量%丙烯酸甲酯,熔融指数为8,购自美国杜邦公司)在挤出机中熔融挤出(从进料到模头温度为160℃,190℃,220℃,250℃,300℃),在另外一个并列的挤出机中将低密度聚乙烯(50μ,熔融指数7,购自美国DowChemical公司)熔融挤出(从进料到模头温度为160℃,190℃,220℃,250℃,300℃),共挤出的熔体中乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯一侧附着到PET的另一个表面,压紧,冷却后收卷得到聚氟乙烯/乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物/双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物/低密度聚乙烯共聚物叠层膜。室温放置一周后测其剥离强度,结果在8N/cm时未观察到发生脱层(此时聚氟乙烯层发生断裂)。
经1000小时85℃,85%RH老化,聚氟乙烯/双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯之间的剥离强度超过8N/cm(此时聚氟乙烯层发生断裂)。
按上述叠层膜与乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物封装材料之间的剥离强度试验方法测定制得的叠层膜与乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物封装材料之间的剥离强度,结果为56N/cm。
实施例6
聚氟乙烯/乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物/双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/乙
烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物/乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物叠层膜
使用实施例1相同的方法对聚氟乙烯膜(25微米厚,商品名购自美国杜邦公司)和双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜(PET,188微米,纵向拉伸3.5倍、横向拉伸3倍)进行电晕处理,只是PET的两个表面都经过处理。
在多模头多挤出机连续共挤出涂覆/复合设备上将聚氟乙烯膜作为第一放卷,将乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚合物(25μ,含20重量%丙烯酸甲酯,熔融指数为8,购自美国杜邦公司)在挤出机中熔融挤出(从进料到模头温度为160℃,190℃,220℃,250℃,300℃)附着到聚氟乙烯和双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜的界面上,压紧冷却后进入第二个挤出涂覆区,将乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚合物(35μ,含20重量%丙烯酸甲酯,熔融指数为8,购自美国杜邦公司)在挤出机中熔融挤出(从进料到模头温度为160℃,190℃,220℃,250℃,300℃),在另外一个并列的挤出机中将乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚合物(35μ,含9重量%丙烯酸甲酯,熔融指数为6,购自美国杜邦公司;该共聚物中混合有5重量%二氧化钛)在挤出机中熔融挤出(从进料到模头温度为160℃,190℃,220℃,250℃,300℃),共挤出的熔体中乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯(20%)共聚物一侧附着到PET的另一个表面,压紧,冷却后收卷得到聚氟乙烯/乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物/双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物/乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物叠层膜。室温放置一周后测其剥离强度,结果在8N/cm时未观察到发生脱层(此时聚氟乙烯层发生断裂)。
经1000小时85℃,85%RH老化,聚氟乙烯/双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯之间的剥离强度超过8N/cm(此时聚氟乙烯层发生断裂)。
按上述叠层膜与乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物封装材料之间的剥离强度试验方法测定制得的叠层膜与乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物封装材料之间的剥离强度,结果为71N/cm。
实施例7
聚氟乙烯/乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物/三氧化二铝镀层双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲
酸乙二醇酯叠层膜/双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯叠层膜
使用胶粘剂将三氧化二铝镀层双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯叠层膜(12μ,购自日本Toray公司)与双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜(250微米)复合在一起。
在Davis Standard生产的挤出复合设备上将聚氟乙烯膜作为第一放卷,将三氧化二铝镀层双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯叠层膜/双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的复合膜作为第二放卷;将乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚合物(25μ,含20重量%丙烯酸甲酯,熔融指数为8,购自美国杜邦公司)在挤出机中熔融挤出(从进料到模头温度为190℃,230℃,260℃,290℃,310℃)附着到聚氟乙烯和三氧化二铝镀层双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜的界面上,冷却后收卷得到复合膜。室温放置一周后测其剥离强度,结果在8N/cm时未观察到发生脱层(此时聚氟乙烯层发生断裂)。
经1000小时85℃,85%RH老化,聚氟乙烯/双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯之间的剥离强度超过8N/cm(此时聚氟乙烯层发生断裂)。
按上述叠层膜与乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物封装材料之间的剥离强度试验方法测定制得的叠层膜与乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物封装材料之间的剥离强度,结果为5N/cm。
实施例8
聚氟乙烯/乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物/铝箔/双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇
酯叠层膜
使用胶粘剂将铝箔(25μ,购自美铝公司)与双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜(250微米)复合在一起。
在Davis Standard生产的挤出复合设备上将聚氟乙烯膜作为第一放卷,将铝箔/双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的复合膜作为第二放卷;将乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚合物(25μ,含20重量%丙烯酸甲酯,熔融指数为8,购自美国杜邦公司)在挤出机中熔融挤出(从进料到模头温度为190℃,230℃,260℃,290℃,310℃)附着到聚氟乙烯和铝箔的界面上,冷却后收卷得到复合膜。室温放置一周后测其剥离强度,结果在6N/cm时未观察到发生脱层(此时铝箔层发生断裂)。
经1000小时85℃,85%RH老化,聚氟乙烯/双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯之间的剥离强度超过6N/cm(此时铝箔层发生断裂)。
按上述叠层膜与乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物封装材料之间的剥离强度试验方法测定制得的叠层膜与乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物封装材料之间的剥离强度,结果为5N/cm。
实施例9
聚氟乙烯/乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物/双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯叠层膜
在Egan生产的具有在线底涂部的挤出涂覆/复合设备上,将双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜用A-131X底涂剂(美国Mica公司生产,涂覆厚度为0.2微米)进行底涂处理;将聚氟乙烯膜作为第二放卷,将乙烯-丙烯酸共聚合物(25μ,含12重量%丙烯酸,熔融指数为13.5,购自美国杜邦公司)在挤出机中熔融挤出(从进料到模头温度为190℃,230℃,260℃,290℃,320℃)附着到底涂处理过的聚氟乙烯和双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜的界面上,冷却后收卷得到复合膜。室温放置一周后测其剥离强度,结果在8N/cm时未观察到发生脱层(此时聚氟乙烯层发生断裂)。
经1000小时85℃,85%RH老化,聚氟乙烯/双向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯之间的剥离强度超过8N/cm(此时聚氟乙烯层发生断裂)。
按上述叠层膜与乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物封装材料之间的剥离强度试验方法测定制得的叠层膜与乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物封装材料之间的剥离强度,结果为5N/cm。
Claims (21)
1.一种多层叠层膜的制造方法,它包括:
(a)提供含氟聚合物膜;
(b)提供经拉伸的聚酯膜;
(c)提供乙烯共聚物;和
(d)在270℃或以上的温度下用挤出复合方法形成包括含氟聚合物/乙烯共聚物/拉伸聚酯的多层叠层膜;
所述乙烯共聚物选自乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸C1-6烷酯共聚物、乙烯/除所述(甲基)丙烯酸以外的烯键不饱和羧酸或其酯或酸酐的共聚物、乙烯与两种或多种选自(甲基)丙烯酸、(甲基)丙烯酸C1-6烷酯或者除所述(甲基)丙烯酸以外的烯键不饱和羧酸或其酯或酸酐形成的三元或多元共聚物、或上述共聚物以任意比例的掺混物;
所述乙烯共聚物中乙烯的含量占60-90重量%。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述乙烯共聚物中乙烯的含量占65-85重量%。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述乙烯共聚物中乙烯的含量占70-80重量%。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述含氟聚合物选自氟乙烯均聚物、偏二氟乙烯均聚物、1,2-二氟乙烯均聚物、氟乙烯/C2-4一元非氟化烯烃的共聚物、偏二氟乙烯/C2-4一元非氟化烯烃的共聚物、六氟丙烯/氟乙烯共聚物、六氟丙烯/偏二氟乙烯共聚物、六氟丙烯/1,2-二氟乙烯共聚物、四氟乙烯/氟乙烯共聚物、四氟乙烯/偏二氟乙烯共聚物、四氟乙烯/1,2-二氟乙烯共聚物、三氟氯乙烯/氟乙烯共聚物、三氟氯乙烯/偏二氟乙烯共聚物、三氟氯乙烯/1,2-二氟乙烯共聚物和两种或多种上述聚合物的掺混物。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述含氟聚合物选自含有衍生自六氟丙烯单体单元、四氟乙烯单体单元和三氟氯乙烯单体单元的聚合物。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于所述含氟聚合物选自六氟丙烯均聚物、四氟乙烯均聚物、三氟氯乙烯均聚物、乙烯/四氟乙烯共聚物、四氟乙烯/丙烯共聚物、三氟氯乙烯/乙烯共聚物、乙烯/四氟乙烯/六氟丙烯共聚物和两种或多种上述聚合物的掺混物。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述聚酯化合物包括聚苯二甲酸C2-6烷酯。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于所述聚酯化合物选自聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸己二醇酯、聚邻苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚邻苯二甲酸丙二醇酯、聚邻苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚邻苯二甲酸己二醇酯或其两种或多种的共聚物或者混合物。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述聚酯膜是经单向或双向拉伸的,纵向拉伸比为2-4倍,横向拉伸比为2-4倍。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸C1-6烷酯的共聚物选自乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯共聚物、乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸丙酯共聚物、乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯共聚物或者它们中的两种或多种以任意比例形成的混合物。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述乙烯共聚物包括乙烯与一种或多种共聚单体形成的乙烯共聚物,所述共聚单体选自甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸丙酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和马来酸酐。
12.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述乙烯共聚物选自乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯-(甲基)丙烯酸三聚物、乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯-(甲基)丙烯酸三聚物、乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸丙酯-(甲基)丙烯酸三聚物、乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯-(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯三聚物和乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸-甲酯马来酸酐三聚物。
13.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于在所述聚酯膜和/或含氟聚合物膜的一个或两个主表面上复合有一层或多层选自金属层、金属氧化物层或非金属氧化物层的表面镀层。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于在所述聚酯膜和/或含氟聚合物膜的一个或两个主表面上复合有一层或多层选自具有通式SiOx,X=1-2的氧化硅层和具有通式AlOx,x=0.5-1.5的氧化铝层。
15.如权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于在所述聚酯膜和/或含氟聚合物膜的一个或两个主表面上复合有一层或多层选自银箔、铝箔、锡箔的金属层。
16.一种多层叠层膜,它包括含氟聚合物层/乙烯共聚物层/经拉伸的聚酯层,所述叠层膜是由权利要求1-15中任一项所述的方法制得的。
17.如权利要求16所述的多层叠层膜,它包括含氟聚合物层/乙烯共聚物层/经拉伸的聚酯层/乙烯共聚物层/含氟聚合物层。
18.如权利要求16所述的多层叠层膜,它包括含氟聚合物层/乙烯共聚物层/经拉伸的聚酯层/乙烯共聚物层。
19.如权利要求16所述的多层叠层膜,它包括含氟聚合物层/乙烯共聚物层/经拉伸的聚酯层/乙烯共聚物层/乙烯聚合物层。
20.一种太阳能电池板,它包括前板、电子电路和背板,其特征在于所述背板包括权利要求16-19中任一项所述的多层叠层膜。
21.如权利要求16-19中任一项所述的多层叠层膜在作为太阳能电池板背板中的用途。
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KR1020127011977A KR20120086309A (ko) | 2009-10-10 | 2010-10-08 | 다층 필름 및 이에 의해 형성된 태양 전지판 백시트의 제조 방법 |
EP10822736.4A EP2486600A4 (en) | 2009-10-10 | 2010-10-08 | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING MULTILAYER FILMS AND SOLAR PANEL BACKFACE SHEETS FORMED THEREFROM |
US12/900,529 US20110247681A1 (en) | 2009-10-10 | 2010-10-08 | Method for manufacturing multilayer films and solar panel backsheets formed thereof |
CN2010800458077A CN102576763A (zh) | 2009-10-10 | 2010-10-08 | 制造多层膜及由其形成的太阳能电池板背板的方法 |
PCT/US2010/051912 WO2011044417A2 (en) | 2009-10-10 | 2010-10-08 | Method for manufacturing multilayer films and solar panel backsheets formed thereof |
JP2012533336A JP2013507270A (ja) | 2009-10-10 | 2010-10-08 | 多層フィルムの製造方法およびそれより形成されたソーラーパネルのバックシート |
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KR20120086309A (ko) | 2012-08-02 |
JP2013507270A (ja) | 2013-03-04 |
WO2011044417A3 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
EP2486600A4 (en) | 2014-04-09 |
CN102576763A (zh) | 2012-07-11 |
EP2486600A2 (en) | 2012-08-15 |
WO2011044417A2 (en) | 2011-04-14 |
US20110247681A1 (en) | 2011-10-13 |
CN102039664A (zh) | 2011-05-04 |
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