CN101844926B - Pelleting method of titanium diboride powder - Google Patents

Pelleting method of titanium diboride powder Download PDF

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CN101844926B
CN101844926B CN201010131559XA CN201010131559A CN101844926B CN 101844926 B CN101844926 B CN 101844926B CN 201010131559X A CN201010131559X A CN 201010131559XA CN 201010131559 A CN201010131559 A CN 201010131559A CN 101844926 B CN101844926 B CN 101844926B
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tib
powder
aggregate
roasting
mix
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CN101844926A (en
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赖延清
吕晓军
李劼
胥建
刘业翔
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Central South University
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Abstract

The invention provides a pelleting method of titanium diboride powder, which is suitable for preparing high-content high-strength large TiB2 particles for the wettable cathode of an aluminium electrolysis cell and is especially suitable for preparing the high-content high-strength large TiB2 particles for the wettable cathode of a deflector-type aluminium electrolysis cell. The method is characterized in that the high-content high-strength TiB2 particles are prepared by carrying out processes of kneading, shaping, roasting, crushing, sieving and the like on the titanium diboride powder as the main aggregate by adopting an organic binder or inorganic binder or a compound binder of the organic binder or the inorganic binder. The method has simple preparation process, controllable granularity and convenient application. The TiB2 particles prepared by the invention has the TiB2 content of 70-95 percent, the strength of 30-60MPa, and the resistivity of 0.5-40 muomega.m, and moreover, the TiB2 particles have small deformation and strong high temperature melt penetration resistance, can be completely wetted with aluminium liquid, realizes aluminium electrolysis production energy saving, prolongs the service life of the cathode of the aluminium electrolysis cell and reduces the aluminium electrolysis production cost.

Description

Pelleting method of titanium diboride powder
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of aluminum electrolysis, be particularly suitable for aluminium cell wettability negative electrode with TiB2 (TiB 2) the particulate prilling process.
Technical background
Hall-Ai Lute aluminium metallurgy method is the unique method of industrial aluminium metallurgy in the worldwide from 1886 so far always, but its power consumption is high, and the negative electrode Years Of Service is not long, and electrolyzer is short work-ing life, thereby causes the aluminium production cost too high.Research shows, TiB 2The wettability cathode technique is the existing high temperature fused salt electrolysis legal system aluminium of innovation, realizes one of energy-conservation gordian technique significantly.
Current, TiB 2The application form of wettability negative electrode is more, by contrast, and TiB 2-C composite cathode material have bonding strength height, life-span long, be easy to characteristics such as maximizations, performance is excellence more, is one of the most potential wettability cathode material.And existing TiB 2The preparation method mainly contains from spreading method and carbothermic method, and its finished product are TiB 2Powder, general granularity is 1-100 μ m, is difficult to prepare the TiB of various volume particle sizes 2Particle.Therefore, present TiB 2-C composite cathode technology of preparing can only adopt fine-grained TiB 2Powder is as the source of titanium boride, because fine powder is too much, tiny crack appears in negative electrode easily behind the shaping and roasting, causes negative electrode intensity and corrosion resistance nature not to reach requirement, influences its work-ing life.For avoiding the appearance of composite cathode material crackle, improve material mechanical property and and high base strength, must reduce TiB 2The consumption of powder.Yet titanium boride content can not get effective raising in the composite cathode material, causes performances such as composite cathode and molten aluminum liquid wettability can't reach desirable requirement, is difficult to realize real water conservancy diversion negative electrode, and sodium and ionogen corrode big to the infiltration of composite cathode.
To TiB 2Propose TiB in the problem that-C composite cathode material too much causes because of fine powder material, patent (No.200710192546.1) 2-C composite cathode aggregate carries out grain size distribution, can fundamentally solve above-mentioned drawback.From the angle of grain size distribution, adopt macrobead carbon aggregate cheap and easy to get to substitute TiB 2It is feasible that particle carries out grain size distribution, but at TiB 2The lip-deep macrobead carbon of-C composite cathode aggregate is because of poor with aluminum-liquid wetting property, and influences the wettability between whole cathode material surface and the aluminium liquid, can't realize real wettability water conservancy diversion negative electrode.Above-mentioned showing, adopt TiB 2Particle is to TiB 2It is the effective way that realizes real wettability long life cathode that-C composite cathode aggregate carries out grain size distribution.Therefore, TiB 2The powder agglomeration technique is prepared sizes grating TiB 2The key of-C wettability composite cathode material.
Summary of the invention
To existing TiB 2-C composite cathode preparation and the deficiency that performance exists the invention provides that a kind of cost is low, intensity is big, anti-sodium perviousness strong, good conductivity, fully and the high-content TiB of aluminum-liquid wetting 2The particulate preparation method is in the hope of obtaining high-quality TiB 2-C composite cathode.
Technical solution of the present invention is following:
A kind of TiB 2The powder prilling process is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: sticker, aggregate, charcoal fiber and organic solvent are mixed, and the mass ratio of each component is: aggregate: 80-95%; Sticker 5-20%; Thomel 0-3.0%; Organic solvent 0-5.0%;
Step 2: mix the moulding of kneading: the mixture of step 1 gained is mixed the moulding of kneading, make the moulding article;
Step 3: roasting:, make roasting product with the roasting under 900 ℃ of-1400 ℃ of temperature condition of moulding article;
Step 4: broken and screening:, obtain TiB with screening again after the roasting product fragmentation 2Particle.
Described sticker is organic binder bond, mineral binder bond or by the compound binding agent of organic binder bond and the compound preparation of mineral binder bond, and described organic binder bond is one or more the mixture in coal-tar pitch, petroleum pitch, epoxy resin, furane resin, polyimide resin, resol, carbolineum and the coal tar; Described mineral binder bond is the mixture of any one or multiple composition in alumina sol, Natural manganese dioxide colloidal sol, silica sol, the silit colloidal sol.
Described aggregate is by TiB 2Powder or TiB 2Powder and carbonaceous aggregate mix to be formed, wherein TiB 2Powder accounts for the 85-100% of total aggregate, and the carbonaceous aggregate accounts for 0-15%.
Described carbonaceous aggregate is forged at least a composition the in hard coal, metallurgical coke, needle coke, the carbon fiber powder by refinery coke, Graphite Powder 99, pitch coke, electric calcined anthracite, gas.
Described organic solvent is at least a formulated by in ethanol, ethyl acetate, the acetone.
Coal-tar pitch in the said sticker, petroleum pitch, furane resin, polyimide resin, resol mix with aggregate, charcoal fibre fractionation with the pressed powder form; Or mix with aggregate, charcoal fibre fractionation after adopting organic solvent dissolution to become liquid form, or mix and pinch with molten state form and aggregate, charcoal fibre fractionation.
Moulding process in the step 2 is to adopt vibratory compaction or compression molding, and the pressure magnitude range is: 0.5-10MPa (vibratory compaction), 50-180MPa (compression molding).
Described roasting process is: the speed with 8-15 ℃/h during beginning is warming up to 600 ℃, then with the speed of 15-25 ℃/h to 900-1400 ℃, insulation 6-15h is cooled to 600 ℃ with 30-40 ℃/h again, cools to room temperature then with the furnace.
Shattering process in the step 4 is carried out for adopting in jaw crusher, impact breaker, hammer mill, combined type crusher, impingement crusher, the cone crusher one or more.
The technical parameter explanation:
(1) forming pressure: 0.5-10MPa (vibratory compaction), 50-180MPa (compression molding).Pressure is crossed conference cracks the moulding article, and the too small moulding article density that then can cause is little, and intensity is low.
(2) heat-up rate: be lower than 600 ℃: 8-15 ℃/h; Be higher than 600 ℃: 15-25 ℃/h; Speed of cooling: 30-40 ℃/h is cooled to 600 ℃, cools to room temperature then with the furnace.When being lower than 600 ℃, the too fast meeting of heat-up rate causes a large amount of sticker volatile matters to overflow, and increases the sample porosity, reduces sample intensity; After being higher than 600 ℃, heat-up rate can be fast slightly, because should mainly be the sticker carbonization process in the stage; Cooling rate equally can not be too fast, can cause sample crackle or fracture to occur too soon; Intensification and cooling rate all can not be slow excessively, in order to avoid cause waste of energy.
(3) maturing temperature: 900 ℃-1400 ℃.Maturing temperature is too high high to equipment requirements, and cost is increased; Maturing temperature is low excessively to cause sample roasting degree not enough, and performance can not reach requirement.
Advantage of the present invention:
The present invention through the roasting crush method to TiB 2Powder carries out granulation, and technology is simple, cost is low, easy to operate, gained TiB 2Granule strength is big, TiB 2Content is high, anti-sodium perviousness strong, good conductivity, with aluminium liquid complete wetting.The present invention proposes electrolysis of aluminum wettability negative electrode is used TiB first 2Powder carries out granulation, has broken composite cathode and has used raw material TiB 2The situation of having only powder, the grain size distribution that can be large size composite cathode aggregate provides the TiB of controllable granularity 2Particle.Adopt this TiB 2The composite cathode material of granules prepn has overcome because of TiB 2Powder too much and a large amount of crackles that occur, the volume density of whole cathode material is big, porosity is little, TiB 2Content is high, thus can with aluminium liquid complete wetting, potential resistance to electrolyte contamination and sodium perviousness are strong, and thermal shock resistance is good, long service life.
Preparation technology of the present invention is simple, controllable granularity, convenient in application.The TiB of the present invention's preparation 2Particle, TiB 2Content can reach 70%-95%, intensity reach 30-60MPa, resistivity be 0.5-40 μ Ω m and be out of shape little, high temperature resistant melt penetrating quality strong and can with aluminium liquid complete wetting, can be used for the excellent used for aluminium electrolysis wettability TiB of processability 2Cathode material realizes that aluminum electrolysis is energy-conservation, improves the work-ing life of aluminium electrolytic cell cathode, reduces the aluminum electrolysis cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow sheet of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below combination figure and practical implementation process are explained further details to the present invention:
Embodiment 1:
Granulating formula: aggregate 80% (TiB wherein 2Powder: 85%, refinery coke: 15%); Coal-tar pitch: 20%.
By above-mentioned dosage weighing, in kneading machine, mix and pinch, treat mixing after, at 180MPa forming pressure compacted under.The moulding article are buried with coke, it is carried out roasting, heat up at a slow speed during beginning (8-15 ℃/h) to 600 ℃, be rapidly heated relatively then (15-25 ℃/h) to 900 ℃, insulation 6-15h, cooling is (30-40 ℃/h) to 600 ℃, cool to room temperature then with the furnace fast.Utilize jaw crusher broken to roasting product, screening obtains varigrained high-content TiB 2(TiB is looked required in the selection of sieve to particle during screening 2Particulate globule size and deciding generally selects for use desired particle size up and down to the sieve of equidistant order number (like table 1).As: need granularity to be about the TiB of 1000 μ m at present 2Particle, then can select 14 and 18 or 12 and 20 two kind of sieve crushed particles is sieved, obtain desired particle size TiB 2Particle.All the other embodiment screening processes and present embodiment same treatment).This TiB 2Particle volume density is 2.20g/cm 3, porosity is 19.5%, and ultimate compression strength is 32MPa, and resistivity is 35 μ Ω m, and with aluminium liquid complete wetting, flawless, thermal shock resistance is good, long service life.
Embodiment 2
Granulating formula: aggregate 80% (TiB wherein 2Powder: 100%, refinery coke: 0%); Coal-tar pitch: 20%.
By above-mentioned dosage weighing, pitch is heated to molten state, mix with aggregate then and pinch, treat mixing after, at 180MPa forming pressure compacted under.The moulding article are buried with coke, it is carried out roasting, heat up at a slow speed during beginning (8-15 ℃/h) to 600 ℃, be rapidly heated relatively then (15-25 ℃/h) to 900 ℃, insulation 6-15h, cooling is (30-40 ℃/h) to 600 ℃, cool to room temperature then with the furnace fast.Utilize jaw crusher broken to roasting product, screening obtains varigrained high-content TiB 2Particle.This TiB 2Particle volume density is 2.23g/cm 3, porosity is 17.0%, and ultimate compression strength is 35MPa, and resistivity is 25 μ Ω m, and with aluminium liquid complete wetting, flawless, thermal shock resistance is good, long service life.
Embodiment 3
Granulating formula: aggregate 80% (TiB wherein 2Powder: 85%, refinery coke: 15%); Coal-tar pitch+epoxy resin: 20%.
By above-mentioned dosage weighing, utilize acetone that epoxy resin is dissolved, mix with pitch and aggregate then, treat mixing after, at 180MPa forming pressure compacted under.The moulding article are buried with coke, it is carried out roasting, heat up at a slow speed during beginning (8-15 ℃/h) to 600 ℃, be rapidly heated relatively then (15-25 ℃/h) to 900 ℃, insulation 6-15h, cooling is (30-40 ℃/h) to 600 ℃, cool to room temperature then with the furnace fast.Utilize jaw crusher broken to roasting product, screening obtains varigrained high-content TiB 2Particle.This TiB 2Particle volume density is 2.18g/cm 3, porosity is 20.1%, and ultimate compression strength is 30MPa, and resistivity is 28 μ Ω m, and with aluminium liquid complete wetting, flawless, thermal shock resistance is good, long service life.
Embodiment 4
Granulating formula: aggregate 95% (TiB wherein 2Powder: 90%, refinery coke: 10%); Aluminum oxide dissolves: 5%.
By above-mentioned dosage weighing, in kneading machine, mix, treat mixing after, at 180MPa forming pressure compacted under.The moulding article are buried with coke, it is carried out roasting, heat up at a slow speed during beginning (8-15 ℃/h) to 600 ℃, be rapidly heated relatively then (15-25 ℃/h) to 1200 ℃, insulation 6-15h, cooling is (30-40 ℃/h) to 600 ℃, cool to room temperature then with the furnace fast.Utilize jaw crusher broken to roasting product, screening obtains varigrained high-content TiB 2Particle.This TiB 2Particle volume density is 2.70g/cm 3, porosity is 19.5%, and ultimate compression strength is 34MPa, and resistivity is 40 μ Ω m, and with aluminium liquid complete wetting, flawless, thermal shock resistance is good, long service life.
Embodiment 5
Granulating formula: aggregate 90% (TiB wherein 2Powder: 90%, refinery coke: 10%); Alumina sol+pitch: 10%.
By above-mentioned dosage weighing, in kneading machine, mix, treat mixing after, at 50MPa forming pressure compacted under.The moulding article are buried with coke, it is carried out roasting, heat up at a slow speed during beginning (8-15 ℃/h) to 600 ℃, be rapidly heated relatively then (15-25 ℃/h) to 1200 ℃, insulation 6-15h, cooling is (30-40 ℃/h) to 600 ℃, cool to room temperature then with the furnace fast.Utilize jaw crusher broken to roasting product, screening obtains varigrained high-content TiB 2Particle.This TiB 2Particle volume density is 2.50g/cm 3, porosity is 17.5%, and ultimate compression strength is 30MPa, and resistivity is 38 μ Ω m, and with aluminium liquid complete wetting, flawless, thermal shock resistance is good, long service life.
Embodiment 6
Granulating formula: aggregate 90% (TiB wherein 2Powder: 90%, refinery coke: 10%); Alumina sol: 10%.
By above-mentioned dosage weighing, in kneading machine, mix, treat mixing after, at 120MPa forming pressure compacted under.The moulding article are buried with coke, it is carried out roasting, heat up at a slow speed during beginning (8-15 ℃/h) to 600 ℃, be rapidly heated relatively then (15-25 ℃/h) to 1400 ℃, insulation 6-15h, cooling is (30-40 ℃/h) to 600 ℃, cool to room temperature then with the furnace fast.Utilize hammer mill broken to roasting product, screening obtains varigrained high-content TiB 2Particle.This TiB 2Particle volume density is 2.80g/cm 3, porosity is 16.2%, and ultimate compression strength is 34MPa, and resistivity is 1.5 μ Ω m, and with aluminium liquid complete wetting, flawless, thermal shock resistance is good, long service life.
Embodiment 7
Granulating formula: aggregate 90% (TiB wherein 2Powder: 90%, refinery coke: 10%); Alumina sol: 10%.
By above-mentioned dosage weighing, in kneading machine, mix, treat mixing after, at 120MPa forming pressure compacted under.The moulding article are buried with coke, it is carried out roasting, heat up at a slow speed during beginning (8-15 ℃/h) to 600 ℃, be rapidly heated relatively then (15-25 ℃/h) to 1400 ℃, insulation 6-15h, cooling is (30-40 ℃/h) to 600 ℃, cool to room temperature then with the furnace fast.Utilize impact breaker+hammer mill broken to roasting product, screening obtains varigrained high-content TiB 2Particle.This TiB 2Particle volume density is 2.80g/cm 3, porosity is 16.2%, and ultimate compression strength is 34MPa, and resistivity is 1.5 μ Ω m, and with aluminium liquid complete wetting, flawless, thermal shock resistance is good, long service life.
Embodiment 8
Granulating formula: aggregate 90% (TiB wherein 2Powder: 90%, refinery coke: 10%); Alumina sol: 10%; Thomel: 2.0%.
By above-mentioned dosage weighing, in kneading machine, mix, treat mixing after, at 120MPa forming pressure compacted under.The moulding article are buried with coke, it is carried out roasting, heat up at a slow speed during beginning (8-15 ℃/h) to 600 ℃, be rapidly heated relatively then (15-25 ℃/h) to 1400 ℃, insulation 6-15h, cooling is (30-40 ℃/h) to 600 ℃, cool to room temperature then with the furnace fast.Utilize jaw crusher broken to roasting product, screening obtains varigrained high-content TiB 2Particle.This TiB 2Particle volume density is 2.81g/cm 3, porosity is 18.3%, and ultimate compression strength is 55MPa, and resistivity is 1.2 μ Ω m, and with aluminium liquid complete wetting, flawless, thermal shock resistance is good, long service life.
Embodiment 9
Granulating formula: aggregate 90% (TiB wherein 2Powder: 100%, refinery coke: 0%); Alumina sol: 10%; Thomel: 2.0%.
By above-mentioned dosage weighing, in kneading machine, mix, treat mixing after, at 120MPa forming pressure compacted under.The moulding article are buried with coke, it is carried out roasting, heat up at a slow speed during beginning (8-15 ℃/h) to 600 ℃, be rapidly heated relatively then (15-25 ℃/h) to 1400 ℃, insulation 6-15h, cooling is (30-40 ℃/h) to 600 ℃, cool to room temperature then with the furnace fast.Utilize jaw crusher broken to roasting product, screening obtains varigrained high-content TiB 2Particle.This TiB 2Particle volume density is 2.90g/cm 3, porosity is 17.5%, and ultimate compression strength is 60MPa, and resistivity is 0.5 μ Ω m, and with aluminium liquid complete wetting, flawless, thermal shock resistance is good, long service life.
Table 1: sieve mesh numerical table
The mesh number μm The mesh number μm The mesh number μm The mesh number μm
2 8000 28 600 100 150 250 58
3 6700 30 550 115 125 270 53
4 4750 32 500 120 120 300 48
5 4000 35 425 125 115 325 45
6 3350 40 380 130 113 400 38
7 2800 42 355 140 109 500 25
8 2360 45 325 150 106 600 23
10 1700 48 300 160 96 800 18
12 1400 50 270 170 90 1000 13
14 1180 60 250 175 86 1340 10
16 1000 65 230 180 80 2000 6.5
18 880 70 212 200 75 5000 2.6
20 830 80 180 230 62 8000 1.6
24 700 90 160 240 61 10000 1.3

Claims (6)

1. TiB 2The powder prilling process is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: sticker, aggregate, charcoal fiber and organic solvent are mixed, and the mass ratio of each component is: aggregate: 80-95%; Sticker 5-20%; Thomel 0-3.0%; Organic solvent 0-5.0%;
Step 2: mix the moulding of kneading: the mixture of step 1 gained is mixed the moulding of kneading, make the moulding article;
Step 3: roasting:, make roasting product with the roasting under 900 ℃ of-1400 ℃ of temperature condition of moulding article;
Step 4: broken and screening:, obtain TiB with screening again after the roasting product fragmentation 2Particle;
Described aggregate is by TiB 2Powder or TiB 2Powder and carbonaceous aggregate mix to be formed, wherein TiB 2Powder accounts for the 85-100% of total aggregate, and the carbonaceous aggregate accounts for 0-15%;
Described carbonaceous aggregate is forged at least a composition the in hard coal, metallurgical coke, needle coke, the carbon fiber powder by refinery coke, Graphite Powder 99, pitch coke, electric calcined anthracite, gas;
Described roasting process is: the speed with 8-15 ℃/h during beginning is warming up to 600 ℃, then with the speed of 15-25 ℃/h to 900-1400 ℃, insulation 6-15h is cooled to 600 ℃ with 30-40 ℃/h again, cools to room temperature then with the furnace.
2. TiB according to claim 1 2The powder prilling process; It is characterized in that; Described sticker is organic binder bond, mineral binder bond or by the compound binding agent of organic binder bond and the compound preparation of mineral binder bond, and described organic binder bond is one or more the mixture in coal-tar pitch, petroleum pitch, epoxy resin, furane resin, polyimide resin, resol, carbolineum and the coal tar; Described mineral binder bond is the mixture of any one or multiple composition in alumina sol, Natural manganese dioxide colloidal sol, silica sol, the silit colloidal sol.
3. TiB according to claim 1 2The powder prilling process is characterized in that, described organic solvent is at least a formulated by in ethanol, ethyl acetate, the acetone.
4. TiB according to claim 2 2The powder prilling process; It is characterized in that; Coal-tar pitch in the said sticker, petroleum pitch, furane resin, polyimide resin, resol mix with aggregate, charcoal fibre fractionation with the pressed powder form; Or mix with aggregate, charcoal fibre fractionation after adopting organic solvent dissolution to become liquid form, or mix and pinch with molten state form and aggregate, charcoal fibre fractionation.
5. TiB according to claim 1 2The powder prilling process is characterized in that, the moulding process in the step 2 is to adopt vibratory compaction or compression molding, and for vibratory compaction, the pressure magnitude range is: 0.5-10MPa, for compression molding, the pressure magnitude range is 50-180MPa.
6. according to each described TiB of claim 1-5 2The powder prilling process is characterized in that, the shattering process in the step 4 is carried out for adopting in jaw crusher, impact breaker, hammer mill, combined type crusher, impingement crusher, the cone crusher one or more.
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