CN101800691A - Method, equipment and system for establishing data forwarding paths in ethernets - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method, equipment and a system for establishing data forwarding paths in ethernets so as to improve the ethernet expansibility, fully use the ethernet link resources, avoid the mutual diffusion of route information among a plurality networks when connecting the ethernets and speed up the ethernet convergence, belonging to the filed of the telecommunication technology. The method for establishing the data forwarding paths in the ethernets comprises the step of setting default outlet ends for all non-default outlet ethernet elements according to default outlet ethernet elements in the ethernets so as to make the unknown destination address data frames which are forwarded in the ethernets reach the default outlet ethernet elements through the non-default outlet ethernet elements and the default outlet ends thereof. The invention also discloses a method for connecting ethernets, comprising the following steps: maintaining other bridge forwarding table items in the first ethernet by all bridges of the first ethernet, sending the unknown destination address data frames in the first ethernet to a core ethernet through the default outlet bridges of the first ethernet, and sending the unknown destination address data frames in the first ethernet to a second ethernet by the core ethernet.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to telecommunications ethernet technology, and in particular, to a method for establishing a data forwarding path in an ethernet, a data forwarding method, and an ethernet interconnection method, device, and system.
Background
Ethernet, a successful Local Area Network (LAN) technology, is widely used in many situations, such as enterprise networks and home networks. In order to use ethernet for metropolitan area transport networks, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) defines a Provider Backbone Bridge (PBB) technology. Moreover, in order to expand the coverage of ethernet, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) proposes a multi-protocol label switching/virtual private LAN switching (MPLS/VPLS) technology.
The PBB technology expands the frame format of the Ethernet, supports nesting of two layers of MAC addresses, supports isolation of operator and user address spaces, and can support up to 224The user service instance of (2) can realize high-expansibility and high-quality Ethernet service transmission.
Ethernet and PBB networks typically employ Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) technology to ensure a redundancy-free spanning tree topology is obtained, and then forwarding tables are built through a MAC address self-learning mechanism. When an ethernet frame of unknown destination address is received from one port, the ethernet bridge will perform packet flooding, i.e. forward the frame to all other ports of the bridge. When a bridge receives a frame whose source MAC address is unknown, it binds the address to the port on which the frame was received and stores it in a forwarding table.
However, STP technology, including its modified protocol rapid STP (rstp) technology, is deficient in network scalability and may lead to a flooding of broadcast packets.
Currently, to support carrier class services with higher requirements for quality of service, IEEE is making further extensions to ethernet technology. For example, the shortest path first bridge (SPB) technology is being defined, in which a Link-state (Link-state) routing protocol is introduced into an ethernet, and bridges exchange routing information, calculate the shortest forwarding path between bridges, and thereby establish a forwarding table entry; an ethernet transport technique is being proposed that introduces the concept of Traffic Engineering (TE) into ethernet to install customized forwarding entries on bridge nodes according to TE paths to better meet network performance optimization requirements. For both ethernet networks, if a bridge receives a frame on a particular Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) for which the destination MAC address is unknown, it is directly dropped.
In the process of implementing the invention, the inventor finds that at least the following problems exist in the prior art:
in order to implement the cross-domain data forwarding between the multi-domain ethernet networks, one method is that each edge network implements sharing of forwarding table entries and routing information, and each bridge node can calculate and obtain the shortest path to all other bridges (including bridges in the network and bridges in other networks) according to the shared routing information, and thereby establish a uniform forwarding table, and then utilize the forwarding table to forward data according to the shortest path. This approach requires the exchange of all routing information between multiple network domains, resulting in a large overhead in terms of control information; and the change of one network topology can affect all other networks, which is not favorable for the safety isolation of the route; even in the case where the operator does not want to disclose routing information or has no routing information (e.g., PBB network only), the data forwarding in the multi-domain ethernet network is not possible.
Another method is that when the edge network only maintains the routing information in the network, for the ethernet frame whose destination address is the bridge of other network domains, the source bridge node needs to encapsulate one more layer of ethernet header for the ethernet frame to be sent, and the destination address is the MAC address of the gateway node. When the ethernet frame arrives at the gateway node, the gateway node needs to strip off the ethernet header of the layer, and finally sends the ethernet frame to the gateway node of the destination network through the core network. This method needs to encapsulate one more layer of ethernet header, and the overhead is too large; in addition, since the source bridge node and the gateway node in the edge network need to add and remove a layer of ethernet header to and from the ethernet frame, respectively, the forwarding process is also complicated.
Disclosure of Invention
Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for establishing a data forwarding path in a network, a data forwarding method, and a network interconnection method, device, and system, which are used to save network resource overhead during data forwarding, simplify forwarding processing of data frames, improve forwarding efficiency, and avoid mutual diffusion of routing information among multiple networks during network interconnection.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method of establishing a data forwarding path in a network, the method comprising:
determining a default egress network element in the network;
and configuring a default output port of each non-default outlet network element in the network according to the default outlet network element so that the data frame of the unknown destination address forwarded in the network reaches the default outlet network element through at least one non-default outlet network element and the default output port thereof, wherein the forwarding path of the data frame forms a default data forwarding path.
A method of data forwarding in an ethernet network, the method comprising:
determining a default egress bridge in a network, wherein the network is a virtual local area network in an Ethernet;
configuring a default egress port of each non-default egress bridge in the virtual local area network according to the default egress bridge, so that data frames of unknown destination addresses forwarded in the virtual local area network reach the default egress bridge through at least one of the non-default egress bridges and the default egress port thereof;
each non-default egress bridge forwards data frames of unknown destination addresses received in the virtual local area network to the default egress port.
An interconnection method of an ethernet network, the method comprising:
determining a default egress bridge for a first network, each bridge of the first network maintaining forwarding entries corresponding to other bridges in the network, the default egress bridge of the first network being connected to a core network;
sending the data frame of unknown destination address in the first network to a core network through the default exit bridge, and sending the data frame to a second network by the core network;
wherein each non-default egress bridge in the first network is configured with a default egress port such that data frames of unknown destination addresses in the first network reach the default egress bridge through at least one of the non-default egress bridges and its default egress port.
An apparatus for establishing a data forwarding path, the apparatus comprising:
a network element determining unit, configured to determine a default egress network element in a network;
a configuration unit, configured to configure a default output port of each non-default egress network element in the network according to the default egress network element determined by the network element determination unit, so that a data frame of an unknown destination address forwarded in the network reaches the default egress network element through at least one of the non-default egress network elements and its default output port, and a forwarding path of the data frame constitutes a default data forwarding path.
An ethernet bridge, comprising:
a determining unit, configured to determine a default egress port of the bridge in an ethernet virtual local area network;
and the forwarding unit is used for grouping and forwarding the data frame with the unknown destination address by using the default output port in the Ethernet virtual local area network determined by the determining unit.
An ethernet interconnection system comprising: a first edge ethernet network, a second edge ethernet network and a core network,
the first edge Ethernet is connected to the core network through a default exit bridge, and each bridge of the first edge Ethernet maintains forwarding table entries of other bridges in the edge Ethernet;
the core network is connected with a second edge Ethernet;
wherein the first edge ethernet network includes a default egress bridge, and each non-default egress bridge in the first edge ethernet network is configured with a default egress port, such that data frames of unknown destination address reach the default egress bridge through at least one of the non-default egress bridge and its default egress port in the first edge ethernet network, and then reach the second edge ethernet network through the core network.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, when data forwarding is carried out, by determining the default exit network element and the default data forwarding path, an Ethernet header layer does not need to be encapsulated for the Ethernet data frame with the destination address being other network domain bridges, so that the problem caused by adding and removing the Ethernet header for the data frame when the data forwarding is carried out in the prior art is solved, the expenditure of network resources can be saved, the forwarding processing of the data frame is simplified, and the forwarding efficiency is improved.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, when the networks are interconnected, the edge network only needs to maintain the forwarding table entry or the routing information in the network, and the edge network utilizes the determined default exit network element and the default data forwarding path, and does not need to encapsulate a layer of Ethernet header for the Ethernet data frame of which the forwarding destination address is the network bridge of other network domains, so that the problem that the networks need to share the routing information or the data forwarding processing of the edge network is too complex when the networks are interconnected in the prior art is solved. Therefore, the scheme of the invention can realize network interconnection without sharing forwarding table entries and routing information by each edge network, saves the expenditure of network resources, simplifies the forwarding processing of data frames and improves the packet forwarding efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for establishing a data forwarding path in a network according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an ethernet interconnection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of another ethernet interconnection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of a data forwarding method in an operator backbone bridge network according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of another data forwarding method according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a networking structure of a multi-domain ethernet according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an ethernet interconnection scenario provided by a third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for establishing a data forwarding path according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an ethernet bridge structure according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the following description is only some embodiments of the present invention, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other embodiments of the present invention can be obtained according to the embodiments without any creative effort.
The first embodiment of the present invention mainly uses a specific bridge network in an ethernet network, for example, a Provider Backbone Bridge Network (PBBN) as an example to describe the method for establishing a data forwarding path, but is not limited thereto, and the method is also applicable to networks with other types of structures. As shown in fig. 1, the method includes:
step 11: determining a default egress network element in the network;
for each PBBN network, the default egress network element is a default egress bridge that is a bridge assigned (or configured) by the network management platform to interconnect with other networks. For example, referring to the scenario in fig. 2, the egress bridge shown in fig. 2 may be designated as the default egress bridge by the network management platform.
Step 12: and configuring a default output port of each non-default outlet network element in the network according to the default outlet network element so that the data frame of the unknown destination address forwarded in the network reaches the default outlet network element through at least one non-default outlet network element and the default output port thereof, wherein the forwarding path of the data frame forms a default data forwarding path.
The non-default egress network element is a data forwarding network element in the network except the default egress network element, and in the PBBN network, as shown in fig. 2, after the default egress bridge is determined, the remaining bridges 1 to 3 and the like in the network are all non-default egress bridges.
The method for acquiring the default egress port of each non-default egress network element in the network at least includes the following three methods:
in a first mode, a default egress network element sends an announcement frame to a non-default egress network element in a network through multicast, and the non-default egress network element takes a port receiving the announcement frame as a default egress port.
In the PBBN, the default egress network element is a default egress bridge, the virtual ethernet network establishes a multicast tree in advance, and the default egress bridge forwards a special notification frame through the multicast tree using the default egress bridge as a root, for example, the notification frame may be a unicast frame or a multicast frame, and the notification frame announces the identity of the default egress bridge to other bridges in the network, for example, an identity is added to the notification frame to indicate that a sender of the notification frame is the default egress bridge. When other bridges receive the notice frame, the incoming interface receiving the frame is used as the default outgoing port, and whether to forward the notice frame to other non-default outgoing bridges is determined according to the position of the incoming interface in the multicast tree. For example, when a non-default egress bridge is located on a trunk in a multicast tree, the non-default egress bridge forwards the received advertisement frame to the non-default egress bridge located at a leaf position of the trunk; and when the non-default egress bridge is located at a leaf position in the multicast tree, the received advertisement frame is no longer forwarded.
The transmission of the advertisement frame may be performed within a predetermined time after the network configuration is completed, or may be performed within a predetermined time after the network topology changes and the routing converges, and in addition, it may be ensured by setting a timer that the advertisement frame is transmitted after the network configuration is completed or the routing converges.
And broadcasting an announcement frame in the network, wherein the announcement frame carries a Media Access Control (MAC) address of the default exit network element.
Further, in the PBBN, the announcement frame may also carry a Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) identifier, and the non-default egress bridge determines a default egress port according to the VLAN identifier, the MAC address, and the maintained forwarding entry.
The notification frame may also be initiated by a non-default egress bridge or a network management platform, and broadcast in the PBBN, at this time, the MAC address of the default egress bridge and the corresponding VLAN identifier are carried in the packet body of the notification frame.
After receiving the notification frame, the non-default egress bridge acquires the forwarding table corresponding to the virtual local area network, which is maintained by the non-default egress bridge, according to the VLAN identifier, acquires the MAC address of the default egress bridge from the notification frame, searches the forwarding table according to the MAC address, and configures an egress port associated with a matching item corresponding to the MAC address in the forwarding table as a default egress port.
For example, as shown in fig. 2, a broadcast flow of an advertisement frame in a network may be initiated by any non-default egress bridge (e.g., bridge 2) in a virtual local area network a or by a network management platform of the network a, in a second mode, in order to enable other non-default egress bridges (e.g., bridges 1 and 3) that receive the advertisement frame to know an address of a default egress bridge (bridge 4), so that a data frame with an unknown destination address is forwarded to the default egress bridge, the advertisement frame needs to carry a MAC address of the bridge 4, and the advertisement frame may also carry a VLAN identifier of the virtual local area network a.
Wherein, the non-default egress bridge (bridge 2) may learn the MAC address of the default egress bridge (bridge 4) in multiple ways, for example, after determining that the bridge 4 in the network is the default egress bridge, the network management platform may notify the bridge 2 of the identity of the bridge 4, and the bridge 2 learns the MAC address of the bridge 4 according to the routing information maintained by the bridge 2; or, the network management platform directly informs the MAC address of the bridge 4 to the bridge 2; alternatively, after learning that it is the default egress bridge, bridge 4 informs the non-default egress bridge (e.g., bridge 2) that initiated the announcement frame broadcast of its MAC address by sending a data frame.
When the network bridge 3 receives the broadcasted notification frame, the notification frame is determined to be the notification frame in the virtual local area network a according to the VLAN identifier, and the forwarding table entry corresponding to the VLAN identifier is determined to be the forwarding table entry 1, the network bridge 3 searches the forwarding table entry 1 by using the MAC address of the network bridge 4, and confirms the egress port of the network bridge 3 associated with the matching entry corresponding to the MAC address in the forwarding table entry 1 as the default egress port of the network bridge 3 in the virtual local area network a.
And thirdly, taking a specific outlet port in the non-default outlet bridge as a default outlet port of the non-default outlet bridge.
Data frames with specific egress ports configured to satisfy an unknown destination address forwarded in the virtual local area network arrive at the default egress bridge through the default egress port of at least one of the non-default egress bridges.
The data frame can be forwarded through the default port, a default data forwarding path can be automatically formed and sent to the default exit network element, and then the default exit network element is connected to the external network.
Further, the technical solution provided in the first embodiment of the present invention can also maintain a condition that a default egress network element fails, where the network further includes at least one standby default egress network element, and when the default egress network element fails, any one of the standby default egress network elements is determined as a default egress network element in the network.
In a PBBN network, in order to avoid the single point of failure problem, i.e. once a determined default egress bridge fails, the entire PBBN network cannot communicate with other networks. As shown in FIG. 3, another optimized implementation scenario is shown, where a backup default egress bridge is configured, and when the default egress bridge is operating normally, it is used as a non-default egress bridge; when the default egress bridge or its external link fails, the standby default egress bridge takes over its work.
The default exit bridge can be used as a main exit bridge, and the standby default exit bridge can be used as a secondary exit bridge to play a role of assistance and supplement; alternatively, the standby default egress bridge and the default egress bridge are in a standby relationship with each other, in an equal position.
The standby default egress bridge and the default egress bridge may detect whether the other party fails by periodically exchanging Continuity Check (CC) packets, for example, when a plurality of CC packets continuously transmitted by the other party are not received within a certain time threshold, the other party is considered to fail.
When the default egress bridge finds a link to the external network to fail, it may also actively send a request message to let the backup default egress bridge take over its work and act as a new default egress bridge.
When the PBBN network finds that the default egress bridge is faulty or the backup default egress bridge receives the request message, it may use any one of the three ways to obtain the default egress port of each current non-default egress bridge in the network, and reestablish the default routing path, for example, the backup default egress bridge sends an announcement frame through a multicast tree whose root is itself, announcing its existence; upon receiving the announcement frame, the other bridges in the PBBN use the ingress port that received the announcement frame as a default egress port.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a data forwarding method in an ethernet network, and as shown in fig. 4, the method includes:
step 41: determining a default egress bridge in a network, wherein the network is a virtual local area network in an Ethernet;
step 42: configuring a default egress port of each non-default egress bridge in the virtual local area network according to the default egress bridge, so that data frames of unknown destination addresses forwarded in the virtual local area network reach the default egress bridge through at least one of the non-default egress bridges and the default egress port thereof;
the specific processing method of step 41 and step 42 can be referred to from step 11 to step 12.
Step 43: each non-default egress bridge forwards a unicast frame of an unknown destination address received in the virtual local area network to the default egress port, as shown in fig. 5, specifically including the following processing:
forwarding each non-default exit bridge through which a unicast frame passes in the PBBN, acquiring a forwarding table entry corresponding to the Ethernet virtual local area network according to a VLAN identifier carried in the unicast frame, searching the forwarding table entry by using a destination MAC address, judging whether a matching entry exists, if so, searching a destination address of the unicast frame, taking an exit port corresponding to the matching entry as a data forwarding exit port, and forwarding the unicast frame until the destination address is reached;
if the frame does not exist, the frame is a unicast frame with an unknown destination address, the non-default exit bridge judges whether a default exit port exists in an Ethernet virtual local area network corresponding to the VLAN identifier by using the VLAN identifier carried by the frame header, if the default exit port does not exist, the unicast frame with the unknown destination address is discarded, and the forwarding process of the data frame is ended; if a default egress port exists, the non-default egress bridge forwards the unicast frame from the default egress port.
And each non-default exit bridge forwards the unicast frame with the unknown destination address to the default exit bridge by using the default exit port through the method.
Further, the network in the second embodiment of the present invention further includes at least one standby default egress bridge, and when the default egress bridge fails, any one of the standby default egress bridges is determined as the default egress bridge in the network, and a specific processing method may refer to a scenario shown in fig. 3.
The third embodiment of the present invention provides an interconnection method for an ethernet network, including:
determining a default egress bridge for a first network, each bridge of the first network maintaining forwarding entries corresponding to each bridge in the network, the default egress bridge of the first network being connected to a core network;
sending the data frame of unknown destination address in the first network to a core network through the default exit bridge, and sending the data frame to a second network by the core network;
wherein each non-default egress bridge in the first network is configured with a default egress port such that data frames of unknown destination addresses in the first network reach the default egress bridge through at least one of the non-default egress bridges and its default egress port.
Optionally, a default egress port may be configured for the default egress bridge of the first network, where the first network is connected to the core network through the default egress port of the default egress bridge, and the data frame with the unknown destination address in the first network is sent to the core network through the default egress port of the default egress bridge.
For clarity of explanation of the technical solution of the present invention, the words "first", "second", and the like are used to distinguish different edge networks connected to a core network, but the access order or number of the edge networks is not limited. The first network or the second network may be based on PBBN, including various types of PBBN, such as networks supporting SPB technology, or networks supporting PBB-TE technology and other suitable ethernet networks, even a mixed technology network (e.g., supporting different ethernet technologies through different VLAN spaces), etc., and the core network is an MPLS/VPLS network.
MPLS/VPLS technology can connect customer ethernet networks through Internet infrastructure to form a network like a private LAN network. If MPLS/VPLS is used as a core network and the various operator ethernet networks are used as edge access networks, a network solution with good scalability can be provided. As shown in fig. 6, a client accesses an edge network (the edge network may include a network supporting SPB technology, a network supporting PBB-TE technology, or other suitable ethernet network) through a source bridge node in the edge network, the edge networks are connected by gateway nodes, and the interconnection between the gateway nodes may be implemented by MPLS/VPLS technology.
The first network only maintains forwarding table entries of bridges in the network, which are established in advance through routing control signaling or through management configuration (for example, SPB network or PBB-TE network). Unicast packet forwarding is performed in the first network in accordance with the methods of steps 41 to 43 described above.
The second network may be a network of the same type as the first network, or may be an ethernet network that relies on self-learning mechanisms to establish forwarding entries. If the destination address is the same as the address of the first network, the default egress bridge in the second network discards the data frame when receiving the data frame with the unknown destination address of the corresponding VLAN identification from the core network. If the destination address is the same as the unknown destination address, the egress bridge of the second network performs packet flooding in the corresponding VLAN when receiving the data frame with the unknown destination address of the corresponding VLAN identifier from the core network.
In order to avoid the problem of single point of failure and guarantee the normal operation of the network, the method also sets a standby default egress network element for the default egress network element, for example, sets at least one standby default egress bridge for the first PBBN and/or the second PBBN at the PBBN; determining a standby default egress bridge in the first PBBN or second PBBN as a default egress bridge when a default egress bridge in the first PBBN or second PBBN fails.
The following describes a specific operation of the interconnection network through a transmission scenario of a data frame. When the PBBN forwards the customer ethernet data frame, if the backbone MAC (B-MAC) address of the destination network element, for example, the B-MAC address of the backbone edge bridge 2(BEB2) in fig. 7, is not known in advance, it first needs to obtain the destination B-MAC address for the data frame, and therefore, when the first customer frame is sent, the first customer frame is sent according to the conventional multicast mode, and when the subsequent customer frame is sent, the subsequent customer frame is sent according to the unicast forwarding mode of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 7, the PBBN network (including various types of networks such as a network supporting SPB technology, a network supporting PBB-TE technology, etc.) accesses the core MPLS/VPLS network as an edge network. In the PBBN network, each bridge establishes a forwarding table entry (e.g., a forwarding table entry established according to the PBB-TE technology) of its own network domain through signaling or management configuration or establishes a forwarding table entry (e.g., a forwarding table entry established according to the SPB technology) of its own network domain through a link state routing protocol.
The operator edge devices (PEs) in fig. 7 may comprise bridges connected to the PBBN networks and VPLS repeaters or Virtual Switch Instances (VSIs) connected to PE devices corresponding to other PBBN networks through virtual links or Pseudowires (PWs) in accordance with the VPLS architecture.
The bridge of the PE can have a new function of supporting SPB or PBB-TE, participate in the PBBN network of the access core network and directly serve as a gateway of the PBBN network; or the bridge of the PE only has the traditional switching function, and one CE device is used as a gateway of the PBBN network and is connected to the PE device, so that the compatibility with the old PE device can be ensured.
If the CE equipment is used as a gateway of the PBBN, when the CE receives an unknown Ethernet frame from the PBBN network, forwarding the unknown Ethernet frame to the PE equipment; when an ethernet frame of unknown destination address is received from the PE device, the ethernet frame is discarded. When PE equipment receives an Ethernet frame with an unknown destination address from CE equipment, the PE equipment carries out packet flooding and source address self-learning according to the principle of VPLS; when a PE receives an ethernet frame of unknown destination address from the MPLS/VPLS network, it forwards the packet to the CE device.
If the PE device is directly participating in the SPB network or the PBB-TE network and acts as a gateway to the PBBN, it should be set as the default egress bridge for the PBBN. When the PE equipment receives an Ethernet frame with an unknown destination address from the PBBN network, the PE equipment carries out packet flooding and source address self-learning according to the principle of VPLS; when an ethernet frame of unknown destination address is received from the MPLS/VPLS network, the ethernet frame is dropped and cannot be sent to the PBBN network nor sent back to the MPLS/VPLS network.
The PE device may also provide interfaces for other ethernet service accesses, and may further support functions such as auto-discovery and access authentication of the PBBN network, so that when one PBBN network accesses the MPLS/VPLS network, a certain type of PBBN network or a PBBN network of a specific operator can be automatically discovered, authenticated and accessed. These PBBN networks form a VPLS instance by multiple PE devices accessing the MPLS/VPLS network, while full-mesh virtual links (e.g., connected through pseudowires) are established between the PEs.
The following description will take as an example the transfer of customer frames from customer 1(host1) on local area network 1(LAN1) through edge network PBBN1, core MPLS/VPLS network, edge network PBBN2 to customer 2(host2) on LAN2, and the establishment of an IP session between host1 and host 2.
Firstly, the first data frame is sent by multicast, which mainly comprises the following steps:
step T1: host1 broadcasts an Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) request message frame on LAN1 to query host2 for the MAC address corresponding to the IP address. The source MAC address of the frame is the MAC address of host1 and the destination MAC address is the broadcast address. The ARP request message frame is broadcast throughout the LAN network.
Step T2: after receiving the ARP request message frame, the backbone edge bridge 1(BEB1) of the PBBN1 network performs MAC-in-MAC encapsulation, wherein an operator source B-MAC address field is an MAC address of BEB1, an operator destination B-MAC address field is a multicast MAC address, and then the encapsulated Ethernet multicast frame performs multicast flooding in the PBBN network and the MPLS/VPLS network.
Step T3: each network element (e.g., PE1 or PBB device) supporting conventional bridge functions through which the multicast frame passes may establish a forwarding entry corresponding to the BEB1 node MAC address through a self-learning mechanism, i.e., establish an association between the BEB1 node MAC address and the pseudowire or ethernet link. Upon receiving a multicast frame from the bridge (i.e., corresponding to the PBBN1 network) side, the VSI of the PE1 device encapsulates the frame with two-layer labels, a tunnel label (L1) and a pseudowire label (L2), and floods through pseudowires to between peer PEs in the VPLS instance. The horizontal split mechanism inherent in VPLS can guarantee that no loops will occur for such multicast frames.
Step T4: after receiving the multicast frame, PE4 removes the two layers of MPLS labels and forwards the multicast frame to customer edge device 4(CE4), and establishes an association between the operator MAC address of the BEB1 node and pseudowire PW 1.
Step T5: finally, after receiving the multicast frame flooded by the CE4, the BEB2 removes the operator MAC header encapsulated outside the multicast frame, and sends the original ethernet frame to the host2, and at the same time, the BEB2 establishes a mapping relationship between the client MAC address of the host1 and the operator MAC address of the BEB 1.
Then, the Host2 responds according to the received ARP request frame, which specifically includes the following processing steps:
step S1: after receiving the ARP request frame, the Host2 generates an ARP response frame, where the source MAC address and the destination MAC address of the frame are the MAC addresses of Host2 and Host1, respectively.
Step S2: after receiving the response frame, the edge node BEB2 of the PBBN2 network searches the MAC address of the BEB1 corresponding to the MAC address of host1 according to the stored mapping table, and performs MAC-in-MAC encapsulation, wherein the operator source MAC address is the MAC address of the BEB2, and the operator destination MAC address is the MAC address of the BEB 1. The frame then begins to be forwarded in the PBBN2 network according to the default path.
Step S3: after receiving the response frame, the BCB2 bridge of the core node of the PBBN2 network searches for a forwarding table entry according to the destination MAC address carried in the response frame, finds that there is no matching entry, and then determines that there is a default output port, forwards the response frame to the gateway CE4 through the default output port, and the CE4 sends the frame to the PE 4. Because the forwarding table entry corresponding to the MAC address of BEB1 has been established by PE1 and PE4 when the first multicast frame passes, PE4 forwards the response frame encapsulating the two-layer label to PE1 through pseudo wire PW1, and PE1 forwards the PBB frame to CE1 after removing the two-layer label.
Step S4: each bridge in the PBBN1 network has forwarding information for other bridges in the domain, so CE1 and BCB1 may forward the response frame to BEB1 according to the forwarding table entry corresponding to the MAC address of BEB1 on their respective forwarding tables.
Step S5: finally, the BEB1 removes the outer encapsulated operator MAC header, sends the original ARP response frame to host1, and establishes a mapping relationship between the client MAC address of host2 and the operator MAC address of BEB 2.
The subsequent data frame is directly sent in a unicast mode, and the method mainly comprises the following steps:
step W1: host1 encapsulates the ethernet header for the IP datagram, where the source MAC address is the MAC address of host1, and the destination MAC address is the MAC address corresponding to host 2.
Step W2: after receiving the data frame, the edge node BEB1 of the PBBN1 network performs MAC-in-MAC encapsulation on the data frame, wherein the operator source MAC address is the MAC address of the BEB1, and the operator destination MAC address is the MAC address of the BEB 2. And searching a forwarding table entry according to the destination MAC address carried by the data frame, judging that no matching entry exists, judging that a default output port exists, and forwarding the data frame to other bridges in the PBBN1 in a unicast mode through the default output port.
Step W3: after receiving the unicast frame, the core node BCB1 bridge of the PBBN1 network searches for a forwarding table entry according to the destination MAC address carried in the unicast frame, determines that there is no matching entry, and then determines that there is a default egress port, and forwards the unicast frame to the default egress bridge CE1 through the default egress port. The default egress port of CE1 is connected to PE1, so it sends the unicast frame to PE 1.
Step W4: the egress corresponding to the MAC address of BEB2 on PE1 is PW1, and PE1 transmits the unicast frame through PW1, i.e., encapsulating the tunnel label (L1) and pseudowire label (L2) and then forwarding hop-by-hop on the MPLS/VPLS network. After receiving the packet, the PE4 node removes the two-layer labels of L1 and L2, and sends the unicast frame to CE4 according to the forwarding table entry.
Step W5: after receiving the unicast frame, the CE4 searches for a forwarding table entry according to the MAC address of the BEB2 carried in the unicast frame, and since the CE4 has the complete routing information of the local domain PBBN2 node, the CE4 can acquire the matching entry, perform forwarding processing according to the output port corresponding to the matching entry, and forward the matching entry to the BEB 2.
Step W6: finally, the BEB2 strips the outer encapsulated carrier MAC header and sends the original ethernet frame to host 2.
Further, based on the solution of the present invention, each PBBN bridge may also pre-establish a mapping table of a customer MAC address and a corresponding PBBN backbone MAC address, and even extend a control signaling protocol of the MPLS/VPLS network, such as a Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) or a Label Distribution Protocol (LDP), so that the PE device can also notify a backbone MAC (B-MAC) address table of the PBBN network in the local domain, and even a customer MAC address table, to the PE or the edge device of the PBBN network corresponding to other domains, so that the relevant device can pre-establish a MAC forwarding table and a mapping table from the customer MAC address to the backbone MAC address, so as to reduce the impact caused by the flooding of the first packet of the ethernet packet.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, when the network bridges of the operators are interconnected, the edge network only needs to maintain the forwarding table entry or the routing information in the network, and the edge network determines the default exit network element and the default data forwarding path by using the determined default exit network element, and does not need to encapsulate one more layer of Ethernet header for the Ethernet unicast frame with the destination address of other network domain network bridges like a tunnel mode.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a device for establishing a data forwarding path, where as shown in fig. 8, the device includes:
a network element determining unit 81, configured to determine a default egress network element in the network;
a configuring unit 82, configured to configure a default egress port of each non-default egress network element in the network according to the default egress network element determined by the network element determining unit 81, so that a data frame of unknown purpose forwarded in the network reaches the default egress network element through at least one of the non-default egress network element and its default egress port, and a forwarding path of the data frame constitutes a default data forwarding path.
An ethernet bridge is further provided in the fifth embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 9, including:
a determining unit 91, configured to determine a default egress port of the bridge in an ethernet virtual local area network;
a forwarding unit 92, configured to forward the data frame with the unknown destination address using the default egress port in the ethernet virtual local area network determined by the determining unit 91.
The determining unit 91 of the above apparatus may also determine a default egress port of the bridge in different manners, and further, the determining unit 91 further includes:
a first receiving module, configured to receive an announcement frame multicast in an ethernet virtual local area network by a default egress bridge; a first determining module, configured to use a port on which the bridge receives the advertisement frame as a default egress port;
alternatively, the determining unit 91 further includes:
a second receiving module, configured to receive an announcement frame broadcasted in an ethernet virtual local area network, where the announcement frame carries an MAC address of a default egress bridge; a second determining module, configured to search a corresponding forwarding table maintained by the network bridge by using the MAC address, and use a port associated with the MAC address as a default output port;
alternatively, the determining unit 91 further includes:
a port configuration module, configured to configure a specific egress port of the non-default egress bridge as a default egress port of the non-default egress bridge, so that data frames of unknown purpose forwarded in the virtual local area network reach the default egress bridge through at least one of the non-default egress bridge and its default egress port.
Further, the forwarding unit 92 further includes:
and the judging module is used for searching a forwarding table entry by using a destination MAC address carried in the unicast frame, judging whether a matching entry exists or not, judging whether a default output port corresponding to the Ethernet virtual local area network exists or not if the matching entry does not exist, and forwarding the received unicast frame with the unknown destination address to the default output port if the matching entry does not exist.
The specific working methods of the functional modules in the fourth and fifth embodiments of the present invention are referred to in the first to third embodiments of the method of the present invention.
The sixth embodiment of the present invention further provides an ethernet interconnection system, including: a first edge ethernet network, a second edge ethernet network and a core network,
the first edge Ethernet is connected to the core network through a default exit bridge, and each bridge of the first edge Ethernet maintains forwarding table entries of other bridges in the edge Ethernet;
the core network is connected with at least one second edge Ethernet;
wherein the first edge ethernet network includes a default egress bridge, and each non-default egress bridge in the first edge ethernet network is configured with a default egress port, such that data frames of unknown destination address reach the default egress bridge through at least one of the non-default egress bridge and its default egress port in the first edge ethernet network, and then reach the second edge ethernet network through the core network.
Optionally, a default egress port may be configured for a default egress bridge of the first edge ethernet network, and the first edge ethernet network is connected to the core network through the default egress port of the default egress bridge.
The first edge network and the second edge network are PBBN, and the core network is MPLS/VPLS network. The first edge ethernet network establishes and maintains forwarding entries of bridges in the first edge ethernet network in advance, and the second edge ethernet network may be a general ethernet network, for example, an existing ethernet network that relies on a self-learning mechanism to establish forwarding entries. The second network may also be a network of the same type as the first network, with the following features:
the second edge Ethernet is connected to a core network through a default exit bridge in the second edge Ethernet, and each bridge of the second edge Ethernet maintains forwarding table entries of other bridges in the second edge Ethernet;
optionally, a default egress port may be configured with the default egress bridge of the second edge ethernet network, and the second edge ethernet network is connected to the core network through the default egress port of the default egress bridge.
Wherein the second edge ethernet network includes a default egress bridge, and each non-default egress bridge in the second edge ethernet network is configured with a default egress port, such that data frames of unknown destination address reach the default egress bridge through at least one of the non-default egress bridge and its default egress port in the second edge ethernet network, and then reach the first edge ethernet network through a core network.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, when the networks are interconnected, the edge network only needs to maintain the forwarding table entry or the routing information in the network, and the edge network determines the default outlet network element and the default data forwarding path by using the determined default outlet network element and the determined default data forwarding path, and does not need to package one more layer of Ethernet header for the forwarded data frame, so that the problem that the networks need to share the routing information or the data forwarding processing of the edge network is too complex when the networks are interconnected in the prior art is solved.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the steps in the above embodiments may be implemented by hardware associated with program instructions. The software corresponding to the embodiment can be stored in a computer storage readable medium.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (14)
1. A method for establishing a data forwarding path in a network, the method comprising:
determining a default egress network element in the network;
and configuring a default output port of each non-default outlet network element in the network according to the default outlet network element so that the data frame of the unknown destination address forwarded in the network reaches the default outlet network element through at least one non-default outlet network element and the default output port thereof, wherein the forwarding path of the data frame forms a default data forwarding path.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein configuring the default egress port of each non-default egress network element in the network according to the default egress network element comprises:
the default exit network element sends an announcement frame to a non-default exit network element in the network through multicast;
the non-default exit network element takes a port for receiving the announcement frame as a default exit port;
or,
broadcasting an announcement frame in a network, wherein the announcement frame carries a Media Access Control (MAC) address of the default exit network element;
the non-default exit network element searches a corresponding forwarding table item maintained by the non-default exit network element by using the MAC address, and takes a port associated with the MAC address as a default exit port; or,
configuring a specific egress port in the non-default egress network element as a default egress port of the non-default egress network element, so that a data frame of an unknown destination address forwarded in the network reaches the default egress network element through at least one of the non-default egress network element and the default egress port thereof.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the network further comprises at least one standby default egress network element,
and when the default exit network element fails, determining any standby default exit network element as a default exit network element in the network.
4. A method for forwarding data in an ethernet network, the method comprising:
determining a default egress bridge in a network, wherein the network is a virtual local area network in an Ethernet;
configuring a default egress port of each non-default egress bridge in the virtual local area network according to the default egress bridge, so that data frames of unknown destination addresses forwarded in the virtual local area network reach the default egress bridge through at least one of the non-default egress bridges and the default egress port thereof;
each non-default egress bridge forwards data frames of unknown destination addresses received in the virtual local area network to the default egress port.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein each non-default egress bridge forwarding data frames of unknown destination address received in the virtual local area network to the default egress port comprises:
the non-default exit bridge searches for a forwarding table entry by using a destination MAC address carried in a data frame, judges whether a matching entry exists, if not, the non-default exit bridge judges whether a default exit port corresponding to the virtual local area network exists, and if so, the non-default exit bridge forwards the received data frame to the default exit port.
6. A method of interconnecting ethernet networks, the method comprising:
determining a default egress bridge for a first network, each bridge of the first network maintaining forwarding entries corresponding to other bridges in the network, the default egress bridge of the first network being connected to a core network;
sending the data frame of unknown destination address in the first network to a core network through the default exit bridge, and sending the data frame to a second network by the core network;
wherein each non-default egress bridge in the first network is configured with a default egress port such that data frames of unknown destination addresses in the first network reach the default egress bridge through at least one of the non-default egress bridges and its default egress port.
7. The method of claim 6, further comprising: when a default egress bridge in the first network receives a data frame from a core network with an unknown destination address, the data frame is discarded.
8. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
the second network receives the data frame through a default exit bridge in the second network, and each bridge of the second network maintains forwarding table entries corresponding to other bridges in the second network;
wherein each non-default egress bridge in the second network is configured with a default egress port such that data frames of unknown destination address reach the default egress bridge in the second network through at least one of the non-default egress bridge and its default egress port.
9. An apparatus for establishing a data forwarding path, the apparatus comprising:
a network element determining unit, configured to determine a default egress network element in a network;
a configuration unit, configured to configure a default output port of each non-default egress network element in the network according to the default egress network element determined by the network element determination unit, so that a data frame of an unknown destination address forwarded in the network reaches the default egress network element through at least one of the non-default egress network elements and its default output port, and a forwarding path of the data frame constitutes a default data forwarding path.
10. An ethernet bridge, comprising:
a determining unit, configured to determine a default egress port of the bridge in an ethernet virtual local area network;
and the forwarding unit is used for forwarding the data frame with the unknown destination address by using the default output port in the Ethernet virtual local area network determined by the determining unit.
11. The bridge of claim 10, wherein the determining unit comprises:
a first receiving module, configured to receive an announcement frame multicast in an ethernet virtual local area network by a default egress bridge; a first determining module, configured to use a port on which the bridge receives the advertisement frame as a default egress port;
alternatively, the determining unit includes:
a second receiving module, configured to receive an announcement frame broadcasted in an ethernet virtual local area network, where the announcement frame carries an MAC address of a default egress bridge; a second determining module, configured to search a corresponding forwarding table maintained by the network bridge by using the MAC address, and use a port associated with the MAC address as a default output port;
alternatively, the determining unit includes:
a port configuration module, configured to configure a specific egress port in the non-default egress bridge as a default egress port of the non-default egress bridge, so that a data frame of an unknown destination address forwarded in the virtual local area network reaches the default egress bridge through at least one of the non-default egress bridge and its default egress port.
12. Bridge according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the forwarding unit comprises:
and the judging module is used for searching a forwarding table entry by using a destination MAC address carried in the data frame, judging whether a matching entry exists or not, judging whether a default output port corresponding to the Ethernet virtual local area network exists or not if the matching entry does not exist, and forwarding the received data frame with the unknown destination address to the default output port if the matching entry does not exist.
13. An ethernet interconnection system, comprising: a first edge ethernet network, a second edge ethernet network and a core network,
the first edge Ethernet is connected to the core network through a default exit bridge, and each bridge of the first edge Ethernet maintains forwarding table entries of other bridges in the edge Ethernet;
the core network is connected with a second edge Ethernet;
wherein the first edge ethernet network includes a default egress bridge, and each non-default egress bridge in the first edge ethernet network is configured with a default egress port, such that data frames of unknown destination address reach the default egress bridge through at least one of the non-default egress bridge and its default egress port in the first edge ethernet network, and then reach the second edge ethernet network through the core network.
14. The system of claim 13, further comprising:
the second edge ethernet network is connected to the core network through a default egress port of a default egress bridge in the second edge ethernet network, and each bridge of the second edge ethernet network maintains forwarding entries corresponding to other bridges in the second edge ethernet network;
wherein the second edge ethernet network includes a default egress bridge, and each non-default egress bridge in the second edge ethernet network is configured with a default egress port, such that data frames arrive at the default egress bridge in the second edge ethernet network via at least one of the non-default egress bridge and its default egress port, and then arrive at the first edge ethernet network via a core network.
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| CN200910078024A CN101800691A (en) | 2009-02-10 | 2009-02-10 | Method, equipment and system for establishing data forwarding paths in ethernets |
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| CN102137001A (en) * | 2010-11-29 | 2011-07-27 | 华为技术有限公司 | Routing information exchange method, equipment and system |
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| CN103973575A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-08-06 | 杭州华三通信技术有限公司 | Method and device for generating forwarding items |
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| WO2014029282A1 (en) * | 2012-08-24 | 2014-02-27 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Cross-domain protection interacting method and system |
| CN103716220B (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2017-08-22 | 新华三技术有限公司 | A kind of data transmission method and its device |
| CN103716220A (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-09 | 杭州华三通信技术有限公司 | Data transmission method and device |
| US9705705B2 (en) | 2012-11-27 | 2017-07-11 | Zte Corporation | Method and apparatus for accessing shortest path bridging network in multi-homing manner |
| WO2014082467A1 (en) * | 2012-11-27 | 2014-06-05 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method and apparatus for accessing shortest-route bridge network in multi-homed manner |
| CN103973575B (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2017-05-10 | 新华三技术有限公司 | Method and device for generating forwarding items |
| CN103973575A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-08-06 | 杭州华三通信技术有限公司 | Method and device for generating forwarding items |
| CN108173753A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-15 | 迈普通信技术股份有限公司 | Message forwarding method, switching card, service card and distribution switch |
| CN110351772A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2019-10-18 | 慧与发展有限责任合伙企业 | Mapping between Radio Link and virtual LAN |
| CN110351772B (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2022-10-25 | 慧与发展有限责任合伙企业 | Mapping between wireless links and virtual local area networks |
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