CN101420461B - Adaptive token barrel marking method based on service sensing - Google Patents
Adaptive token barrel marking method based on service sensing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A service-aware marking method of a self-adaptive token bucket comprises the following steps: firstly, a service source terminal differentiates various specific service types containing audio and video for a multimedia service flow, and pre-mark key frames and non-key frames generated after encoding data of different service types when a network layer encapsulates the multimedia service flow; when the service flow reaches a DiffServ network portal, a port edge router respectively perform different marking processes on groups of different types according to pre-marking results; as to key groups, the probability of marking the key groups green is improved to increase the successful transmission probability thereof; and as to ordinary groups, based on a packet loss probability fed back by a network, groups marked red are caused to present even distribution or centralized distribution according to lossProfile requirements of the different services without changing the packet loss probability of a single service flow. The method can ensure the successful transmission of the key groups, help selectively mark the ordinary groups according to different service characteristic, and improve the service quality by discarding the arrangement of the ordinary groups.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of labeling method of the adaptive token barrel based on professional perception; Exactly; Relate to the labeling method of the adaptive token barrel in a kind of Differentiated Services DiffServ (Differentiated Service) model of network service quality QoS (Quality of Service) of the IP of being used for data network, belong to the network interconnection communication technical field.
Background technology
Along with enriching constantly of rapid development of network technology and Network, IP network is becoming the public information transmission platform that carries multiple business, serves catergories of user colony.Yet no connection performance and the service principle of doing one's best that traditional the Internet is intrinsic make it effective service quality QoS guarantee to be provided to the user.Therefore, as one of demand of future network development, the QoS security problem of IP network has become the real practical problem of engineering that present urgent need solves.
Current, the DiffServ architectural framework is mainly adopted in the realization of QoS in the IP network.In RFC 2475, the DiffServ framework has been done clearly definition, it is a kind of architecture of the extendible classification of service that can implement on the internet.In the DiffServ framework, edge router can be classified to it according to the discharge characteristic that comprises other demands that time delay, shake or user propose of dividing into groups, and there being the grouping of similar QoS demand to be divided in the same forwarding equivalence class.Then, edge router is carried out marking operation to the grouping of accomplishing classification based on the characteristics (as: rate of information throughput of promise, the burstiness of permission etc.) of Business Stream under it.The purpose of mark is to each the different loss priority of differentiation that divides into groups in the same Business Stream.Grouping behind the mark is divided into red, yellow, green three types usually, and wherein the loss priority of red packets is the highest, and yellow packet is taken second place, and green packet is minimum.The result of classification and marking identifies with the differentiated Services code point DSCP in the IP packets headers (Differential Services Code Point) field.In repeating process, each router of supporting DiffServ all can according to this DSCP value packet map in the one type of forwarding behavior that is referred to as per hop behavior PHB (Per-Hop Behavior), and in repeating process, treat it with a certain discrimination.The maximum characteristic of DiffServ network is network boundary to be transferred in the control of many complicacies carry out; And make inner core router only need the later convergence flow that superposes is handled; Thereby significantly reduce the different conditions that network internal should write down, simplified the operation of internal nodes of network.
Yet, carry out the characteristics of transmitting operation just because of DiffServ to convergence flow, make it for each single current, only can provide the QoS of coarseness to guarantee, thereby can produce some new problems.For example: the fairness problem between each stream, QoS assurance problem of each single current or the like.
Current; Improvement emphasis to DiffServ is at the fairness problem that solves between each stream mostly; For example: the fairness between transmission control protocol TCP stream and the UDP UDP stream; Fairness between each single current of a convergence flow inside, and the fairness between each convergence flow or the like.But such improvement just exerts an influence to one or several Business Streams usually, promptly when having improved a kind of traffic transmission performance, will certainly reduce other traffic transmission performance.In addition, define indefinite problem owing to exist fairness, also differing guarantees to improve the QoS performance of overall traffic surely.
On the other hand, from the consideration of complexity,, then comparatively rare to the improvement of each single current QoS assurance at present than the improvement of above-mentioned fairness aspect.Yet, be the single Business Stream that separates owing to finally present to user's business, therefore, how from user perspective, the method that improves single current QoS as much as possible just becomes the focus that many in the industry scientific and technical personnel consider and study.Wherein, In the multimedia service field; After the Krishanu Seal of Univ. of South Carolina's computer science department and Suresh Singh analyze through the experiment of user's perception QoS is investigated; Reach a conclusion: be dropped the distribution of grouping in the different business stream, and the type that is dropped grouping, all can produce significant impact to the QoS that the user perceives.
Below, be example with video and audio service, specify:
Referring to Fig. 1, aspect the distribution that is dropped grouping, the user is more prone to accept the mode that abandons of distributed (Distributed) for video traffic, and for more the take like a shot mode that abandons of burst type (Burst) of audio service; Among the figure, the narrow strip square that has a twill representes that the grouping that abandons, blank narrow strip square represent the grouping that does not abandon.Therefore, can take the different modes that abandons respectively to video traffic and audio service, improve the QoS that the user perceives, in order to describe different packet loss distribution modes, they have also advised new QoS demand parameter a: lossProfile.
And be dropped aspect the type of grouping; Because before the transmission; Application layer at first can be carried out compressed encoding to the data of needs transmission; This process can produce two kinds of basic frame types: a kind of is to carry the key frame that comprises data recombination, information such as synchronous, and another kind is the normal frames of only carrying general data.If what in transmission course, lose is to carry the key frame that comprises data recombination, information such as synchronous, will causes a large number of services data to recombinate, thereby make professional QoS reduce greatly.Therefore, in the transmission course of multimedia service, should also be noted that protection carries the grouping of key frame, it can be transmitted smoothly and be not dropped.
In order to solve the demand, the mode that Univ. of South Carolina provides is on the transport layer of service terminal main frame, to increase a transmission sublayer.The work of this transmission sublayer is when application data produces; Congestion situation according to network; And the demand of applied business, after first application data is carried out and optionally abandoned, again data delivery is carried out further encapsulation and transmission (referring to shown in Figure 2) to transport layer.But the realization of this mode must abandon function for every kind of applied business is provided with one, has increased the difficulty of implementing.In addition, this method is carried out on transport layer and is abandoned operation, can not be in time and be adapted to the variation of network condition soon, can the final transmission performance of business be exerted an influence.
And after the process of DiffServ network transaction data stream investigated, it is found that edge router is carried out the purpose of mark to dividing into groups be each the different loss priority that divides into groups to be divided into respectively with same Business Stream.The mark result who we can say grouping is directly connected to the probability that in network, is dropped after this grouping, and the indicia distribution of each grouping also can influence the distribution that abandons of final service grouping in the Business Stream.Thereby, can the enforcement and the DiffServ network architecture of the demand be interrelated, through improvement, improve the grouping (being called critical packet) that will carry key frame on the one hand and be labeled as green probability, to improve the probability that it successfully transmits to existing labeling method; On the other hand,, then be labeled as the red distribution situation of ordinary groups in Business Stream, influence the distribution that finally is dropped grouping in the Business Stream through adjusting these for the grouping of carrying normal frames (being called ordinary groups).
Now, common DiffServ labeling method has two types: based on the mark of token bucket with based on the mark of predicted velocity.Wherein, implement easily, carry out the high advantage of efficient because of it, use more extensive based on the labeling method of token bucket.In RFC 2697, defined a kind of single-rate three-color marker method srTCM (Single Rate Three Color Marker) comparatively commonly used, its basic implementation method brief description is following:
(1) srTCM has three basic flag parameters: committed information rate CIR (Committed Information Rate), Committed Burst Size CBS (Committed Burst Size) and burst excess size EBS (Excess Burst Size).The unit of CIR is Bytes/s, and the unit of CBS and EBS is Bytes.
(2) srTCM is made up of two token bucket C and E, and the additional speed of its token is identical, all is CIR.Deposit green tokens in the C bucket, its capacity is CBS; Deposit yellow tokens in the E bucket, its capacity is EBS.Token during beginning in C bucket and the E bucket all is full, and promptly its token number is respectively: T
C=CBS, T
E=EBS.
(3) labeling process of srTCM is: need the grouping of mark for each, if block length is less than the token number T in the C bucket
C, then this group markups is designated as green, simultaneously with the token number T in the C bucket
CDeduct the block length of mark just; If block length is greater than the token number T in the C bucket
C, but less than the token number T in the E bucket
E, then this group markups is designated as yellow, simultaneously with the token number T in the E bucket
EDeduct the block length of mark just; If block length is simultaneously greater than the token number T in the C bucket
CWith the token number T in the E bucket
E, then this group markups is designated as redness.
4) token of the srTCM process of replenishing is: per second is to update of token bucket CIR time, when upgrading, if T at every turn
CLess than CBS, T then
CAdd 1; If T
CGreater than CBS, judge T again
EWhether less than EBS, if, T then
EAdd 1; Otherwise, T
C, T
EDo not increase.
After enforcement for many years; It is found that: the labeling method of above-mentioned srTCM token bucket also should continue to improve; So that can realize the support of QoS better to a large number of services; Realize optimization and control between two or more protocol layers, and the exchange of information each other, thereby the network system performance improved significantly.
Can the labeling method of above-mentioned srTCM token bucket be improved from two aspects: raising is labeled as green probability with critical packet and distributes Business Stream with the ordinary groups that adjustment is labeled as redness.Wherein, critical packet is labeled as aspect the green probability improving, adopts the thought of striding layer design comparatively suitable.Striding layer design is a kind of brand-new method for designing, its objective is through what stride layer information to improve network performance alternately, for example: network capacity, efficiency and to the support of the QoS of a large number of services etc.Stride layer method for designing and can realize optimization and control between two or more protocol layers, and the exchange of information each other, thereby reach the purpose of improving the network system performance significantly.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the objective of the invention is on the basis of srTCM labeling method, a kind of adaptive token barrel labeling method based on professional perception is provided; The present invention can be to the coded system of different multimedia Business Stream in the application layer; When the protection critical packet is transmitted smoothly,, selectively ordinary groups is carried out mark according to the different service characteristic; So that abandoning of ordinary groups arranged, improve professional service quality.
In order to achieve the above object; The invention provides a kind of labeling method of the adaptive token barrel based on professional perception; It is characterized in that: the service source end is distinguished the particular type comprising the various multimedia service datas of Voice & Video to multimedia service stream earlier; Again when network layer encapsulates, the data of different service types critical packet and the ordinary groups that the back produces of encoding carried out preliminary making; When Business Stream arrives Differentiated Services DiffServ Web portal; According to the preliminary making result different markers process is carried out in dissimilar groupings respectively by the ingress edge router: to critical packet; Raising is labeled as green probability with it, to increase the probability that it successfully transmits; To ordinary groups, Network Based in the drop probabilities of feedback, under the situation that does not change single Business Stream packet loss, make to be labeled as red grouping and to be to be evenly distributed or to concentrate according to the burstiness lossProfile demand that abandons grouping of different business and to distribute; Said method comprises the following operations step:
(1) the source end main frame of multimedia service adopts the method for designing of striding layer; The multimedia service stream packets of needs transmission is carried out preliminary making to be handled; So that can indicate and distinguish the multimedia service that each grouping carries according to the result of preliminary making is video, audio frequency or other type, and what comprised is to use critical packet or the ordinary groups that coding produces; Wherein, the preliminary making of source end main frame execution is handled and is comprised the following operations content:
(11) the multimedia application data of needs transmission are analyzed; The data separation of the different application type that comprises video, audio frequency or other type that comprises in this media stream is come out, and the critical packet and the ordinary groups of again the data of these different application types being carried out producing behind the compressed encoding distinguish: the data in each media stream have six types through the grouping that the coding back produces: video critical packet, video ordinary groups, audio frequency critical packet, audio frequency ordinary groups, other critical packet and other ordinary groups;
(12) when network layer encapsulates the multimedia application data,, respectively grouping after encapsulation is carried out preliminary making and handle according to packaged different types of data; Promptly adopt the mark value of keeping for grade to select the per hop behavior PHB of CS in the IP packet header DSCP territory; Packet type according to dividing into groups to carry carries out preliminary making to each grouping, and the grouping behind the preliminary making is divided into six types: video critical packet, video ordinary groups, audio frequency critical packet, audio frequency ordinary groups, other critical packet and other ordinary groups; Wherein the front two of DSCP is indicated the multimedia service stream type that packaged IP divides into groups, and indicates whether packaged grouping is critical packet for the 3rd, and everybody all be 0 other;
(2) flow to when reaching Differentiated Services DiffServ network edge when multimedia service; Ingress edge router elder generation is according to the differentiated Services code point DSCP value of preliminary making; Various dissimilar multimedia service stream with in the multimedia service stream is unit; The packet zone that will belong to the different multimedia type of service branches away, so that respectively it is carried out separately independently labeling process; According to the DSCP value of preliminary making, the packet zone that will belong to a kind of multimedia service type is divided into critical packet and ordinary groups again;
(3) the ingress edge router adopts improved single-rate three-color marker srTCM method, adopts the different markers method to carry out mark to critical packet in every kind of multimedia service type and ordinary groups, so that improve critical packet is labeled as green probability; Simultaneously, according to the Business Stream packet loss that egress edge router feeds back, adjust being labeled as the red distribution situation of ordinary groups in Business Stream; Wherein, the operation that critical packet and ordinary groups are carried out mark of ingress edge router further comprises following content:
(31) respectively have on the basis of a C bucket and E bucket in former srTCM method, the C bucket is expanded to two: C1 bucket and C2 bucket; Wherein deposit the C2 bucket of green tokens and the C bucket and the E bucket of the corresponding former method of E bucket difference of depositing yellow tokens, the C1 bucket of depositing the bottle green token then is exclusively used in the mark of critical packet;
(32) in service grade standard SLS; Every kind of multimedia service type is done following the setting: the initial value that the ratio R of critical packet and all groupings in committed information rate CIR and the business of burst excess size EBS, business of initial value, the E bucket of Committed Burst Size CBS1 and the CBS2 of C1 bucket and C2 bucket is set respectively; The variation of flowing according to multimedia service then; Adopt following formula to calculate the Committed Burst Size of C1 bucket and C2 bucket in real time: CBS1=f1 (CIR; R), and CBS2=f2 (CIR, R); In the formula, ratio R is to carry out real-time statistics according to the arrival situation of every kind of Business Stream to obtain;
(33) during beginning label, the token of depositing in C1 bucket, C2 bucket and the E bucket all is full;
(34) the ingress edge router is carried out bottle green, green, yellow and red four color markers operation respectively to the critical packet of each arrival earlier; Simultaneously also ordinary groups is carried out green, yellow and red marking operation; And, adjust its distribution situation in Business Stream to being labeled as red ordinary groups based on the Business Stream packet loss that egress edge router feeds back; At this moment, be the existing Queue Management Algorithm of compatibility, when mark DSCP value, bottle green and green all be mapped to same DSCP value; Promptly based on RFC 2957 suggestions, bottle green is XXX010 with green corresponding DSCP value, and yellow corresponding DSCP value is XXX100, and red corresponding DSCP value is XXX110;
(4) every at a distance from the time interval of setting, the ingress edge router also replenishes token to the token bucket in every kind of multimedia service type; And should replenish in the whole labeling process that token operates in multimedia service stream and step (2) and (3) while executed in parallel.
During said preliminary making was handled, DSCP indicated that the front two of the multimedia service stream type of packaged grouping is respectively: the 01st, and video, the 10th, audio frequency, the 11st, other multimedia; The 3rd is 1 or 0 o'clock, indicates packaged critical packet or the ordinary groups of being grouped into respectively; Like this; The value of the pairing DSCP significance bit of different packets type is provided with as follows: the critical packet of encapsulate video is 011000; The critical packet of encapsulation audio frequency is 101000, and other critical packet of encapsulation is 111000, and above-mentioned three groupings are called as critical packet; Following three groupings are called as ordinary groups: the ordinary groups of encapsulate video is 010000, and the ordinary groups of encapsulation audio frequency is 100000, and other ordinary groups of encapsulation is 110000.
In the said step (34), the ingress edge router is following to the detailed process of the marking operation that the critical packet of each arrival is carried out:
Suppose that the critical packet length that arrives is length1, the token number that C1 bucket, C2 bucket and E bucket have is respectively T
C1, T
C2And T
E
Whether the critical packet length1 that (3401) judges arrival earlier is less than the token number T that has in the C1 bucket
C1, if, then this group markups is designated as bottle green, simultaneously the token number in C1 bucket and the C2 bucket is deducted this critical packet length1 length, i.e. T respectively
C1 (j+1)=T
C1 (j)-length1, T
C2 (j+1)=T
C2 (j)The serial number of the j expressive notation operation the in-length1, subscript bracket; Otherwise, carry out subsequent operation;
Whether the critical packet length1 that (3402) judges this arrival is less than the token number T that has in the C2 bucket
C2, if, then this group markups is designated as green, simultaneously the token number in the C2 bucket is deducted this critical packet length1 length, i.e. T
C2 (j+1)=T
C2 (j)-length1; Otherwise, carry out subsequent operation;
Whether the critical packet length1 that (3403) judges this arrival is less than the token number T that has in the E bucket
E, if, then this group markups is designated as yellow, simultaneously the token number in the E bucket is deducted this critical packet length1 length, i.e. T
E (j+1)=T
E (j)-length; Otherwise, group markups is designated as redness.
In the said step (34), when the ingress edge router is carried out marking operation to the ordinary groups of each arrival, adopt, obtain the real-time packet loss of Business Stream in network by the egress edge router of DiffServ network method to ingress edge router feedback; This feedback method is to be unit with the multimedia service of each type stream, adopts following formula to calculate its average drop probabilities P '
(j+1)=α P '
(j)+ (1-α) P, in the formula, P is that the multimedia service that the ingress edge router is received flows real-time packet loss; The serial number of the j expressive notation operation in the subscript bracket, alpha is used for drop probabilities P ' is made smoothing processing, avoids the distribution fluctuates of red packet mark packets excessive; Its span is: [0; 1], α numerical value is big more, and the value of expression P ' receives the influence of historical packet loss big more; α is more little, and the value of expression P ' receives the influence of real-time packet loss big more;
At this moment, also introduce a new argument: abandon the burstiness L of grouping, promptly lossProfile is used to represent that each continued labelling is the number of red packets, and its value is a natural number: for Video Applications, the L value is 1; For voice applications, the L value is 5; And the default value of L is set in SLS, be used for other application type.
In the said step (34), the ingress edge router is following to the detailed process of the marking operation that the ordinary groups of each arrival is carried out:
Suppose that the ordinary groups length that arrives is length2, the token number that C2 bucket and E bucket have is respectively T
C2And T
E, actual continued labelling is set for green with yellow grouping length overall is n ' in SLS, requiring continued labelling is that green with yellow grouping length overall is n, and actual continued labelling is for red grouping length overall is m ', and requiring continued labelling is that red grouping length overall is m; Business Stream average packet length is B, and the E bucket debt-credit token that uses of can overdrawing adds up to N, again above-mentioned parameter is carried out the initialization setting:
Whether the ordinary groups length2 that (3411) judges arrival earlier is less than the token number T that has in the C2 bucket
C2, if then this group markups is designated as green; Simultaneously the token number in the C2 bucket is deducted this ordinary groups length2 length; Is the length that adds this grouping among the n ' in actual continued labelling for green with yellow grouping length overall, and to establish continued labelling be that the length overall m ' of red packets is 0, i.e. T
C2 (j+1)=T
C2 (j)-length2, n '
(j+1)=n '
(j)+ length2, m '
(j+1)=0, in the formula, the serial number of the j expressive notation operation in the subscript bracket; Otherwise, carry out subsequent operation;
Whether the ordinary groups length2 that (3412) judges this arrival is less than the token number T that has in the E bucket
E, if judge again then whether this grouping satisfies the condition that n '＜n sets up; If satisfy condition; Then this group markups is designated as yellow, simultaneously the token number that has in the E bucket is deducted this ordinary groups length2 length, add the length of this grouping length2 in actual continued labelling for green with yellow grouping length overall n '; And to establish continued labelling be that the length overall m ' of red packets is 0, i.e. T
E (j+1)=T
E (j)-length2, n '
(j+1)=n '
(j)+ length2, m '
(j+1)=0; If do not satisfy this condition; Then carry out the token reservation operations; Promptly reserve the token in the E bucket, and this group markups is designated as redness, simultaneously actual continued labelling is added this grouping length2 length for red grouping length overall m '; And to establish actual continued labelling be 0 for green with yellow grouping length overall n ', i.e. m '
(j+1)=m '
(j)+ length2, n '=0; Otherwise, carry out subsequent operation;
Whether the ordinary groups length2 that (3413) judges this arrival is greater than the token number T that has in the E bucket
E, if judge again then whether actual continued labelling satisfies m '＜m and T for red grouping length overall m '
E-length2＞-condition that N sets up, if satisfy condition, then carry out token debt-credit operation, promptly borrow or lend money a part of token and be used for the E bucket, and the token number of debt-credit altogether should not surpass N; And this group markups is designated as yellow; Simultaneously the token number that has in the E bucket is deducted this ordinary groups length2 length; Add the length of this grouping length2 in actual continued labelling for green with yellow grouping length overall n ', and to establish continued labelling be that the length overall m ' of red packets is 0, i.e. T
E (j+1)=T
E (j)-length2, n '
(j+1)=n '
(j)+ length2, m '
(j+1)=0; If do not satisfy this condition, then this group markups is designated as redness, simultaneously actual continued labelling is added this grouping length2 length for red grouping length overall m ', and to establish actual continued labelling be 0 for green with yellow grouping length overall n ', i.e. m '
(j+1)=m '
(j)+ length2, n '=0.
Although said token is reserved and is meant that the current token that has enough carries out other mark of this level in the token bucket; But for making professional indicia distribution consistent with the burstiness lossProfile demand that abandons grouping; Earlier token is reserved a period of time, set the operation that re-uses behind the number when the token number that has in the token bucket reaches;
Said token debt-credit is meant when the current token number that has is not enough in the token bucket; For making the consistent overdraw earlier with the lossProfile demand of professional indicia distribution set the operation of the token of number, wherein the token of overdraw must be given back in token arrival next time before as early as possible;
The operation that said token is reserved with the token debt-credit all only is used for yellow packet, and the token of promptly reserving and borrowing or lending money all is positioned at the E bucket, to guarantee fairness and the not traffic affecting QoS attribute of each multimedia service between flowing.
Said step (4) further comprises the following operations content;
(41) the token process of replenishing because of the C1 bucket is to adopt different tokens to replenish speed respectively to carry out simultaneously with the token of C2 bucket and the E bucket process of replenishing, and replenishes speed so confirm the token of different token buckets earlier:
The arrival rate of supposing critical packet in the multimedia service stream of each type in the multimedia service stream is R
0, committed information rate is CIR, then the token of the C1 bucket of this multimedia service stream replenishes speed R
1Be variable R
0Function with CIR: R
1=g (R
0, CIR), it is R that the token of C2 bucket and E bucket replenishes speed
2: R
2=CIR;
(42) whenever separated
Second, judge the token number T in the C1 bucket
C1Whether less than its Committed Burst Size CBS1, if then replenish the token in the C1 bucket, i.e. T
C1 (j+1)=T
C1 (j)+ 1, in the formula, the j in the subscript bracket is the serial number of marking operation; Otherwise, will not replenish;
(43) whenever separated
Second, judge the token number T that has in the E bucket
EWhether less than zero, if then replenish the token in the E bucket, i.e. T
E (j+! )=T
E (j)+ 1; Otherwise, judge the token number T in the C2 bucket again
C2Whether less than its Committed Burst Size CBS2, if then replenish the token in the C2 bucket, i.e. T
C2 (j+! )=T
C2 (j)+ 1; Otherwise, judge the token number T in the E bucket again
EWhether less than its burst excess size EBS, if then replenish the token in the E bucket, i.e. T
E (j+1)=T
E (j)+ 1; Otherwise, will not replenish.
The present invention is a kind of labeling method of the adaptive token barrel based on professional perception, and this method is improved from two aspects to the labeling method of existing srTCM token bucket: improve and critical packet is labeled as green probability is labeled as red ordinary groups with adjustment and Business Stream, distributes.Wherein, critical packet is labeled as aspect the green probability improving, adopts the brand-new method that layer designs of striding, so that improve network performance alternately, for example: network capacity, efficiency and to the support of the QoS of a large number of services etc. through what stride layer information.Stride layer method for designing and can also realize optimization and control between two or more protocol layers, and the exchange of information each other, thereby the network system performance improved significantly.
The present invention makes critical packet improve it and is marked as green probability, thereby increase the probability that it successfully transmits through the different markers process is carried out in dissimilar groupings, helps improving associated multimedia and be applied in the probability that destination is successfully recombinated; Can be for ordinary groups according to the drop probabilities of feeding back in the network, under the prerequisite that does not change single Business Stream packet loss, make to be labeled as red grouping and to be to be evenly distributed or to concentrate according to the lossProfile demand of different business (as: audio frequency, video etc.) and to distribute.Because the mark result who divides into groups can directly have influence on the drop probability that is grouped in the network, thereby the present invention can regard the adjustment that distributes in the Business Stream that is grouped in to being dropped as to the distribution adjustment that red packets is carried out in Business Stream.
Because the inventive method is carried out in multimedia service stream inside the improvement of mark, therefore, the variation of Business Stream internal data bag mark can not have influence on the transmission of other Business Stream, can the performance of other Business Stream not exerted an influence yet.In addition; The specific coding mode of the unqualified multimedia service of the present invention; Only need distinguish, thereby can be suitable for the existing and following different multimedia application type and the coded system thereof that possibly occur, be with good expansibility and adaptability the frame type that the different coding mode produces.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sketch map that the IP packet data package of two kinds of different multimedia types of service abandons mode.
Fig. 2 is Univ. of South Carolina increases a transmission sublayer on the transport layer of service terminal main frame an implementation method sketch map.
Fig. 3 is three token bucket sketch mapes that the inventive method is used.
Fig. 4 is the adaptive token barrel labeling method operating procedure flow chart that the present invention is based on professional perception.
Fig. 5 is the labeling process sketch map of the inventive method to critical packet.
Fig. 6 is the labeling process sketch map of the inventive method to ordinary groups.
Fig. 7 is that the token in the inventive method replenishes the process sketch map.
Fig. 8 is the enforcing location sketch map of emulation embodiment of the present invention in the DiffServ network system.
Fig. 9 is the sketch map that the psnr0 that obtains of the multimedia service stream after emulation embodiment scene of the present invention adopts two kinds of methods to transmission and psnr1 value compare.
Figure 10 is the sketch map that the psnr0 that obtains of multimedia service stream 0 (flow_id=0) after emulation embodiment scene of the present invention two adopts two kinds of methods to transmission and psnr1 value compare.
Figure 11 is the sketch map of the psnr1 value that obtains of multimedia service stream 1 (flow_id=1) after emulation embodiment scene of the present invention two adopts two kinds of methods to transmission.
Embodiment
For making the object of the invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, the present invention is made further detailed description below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
The present invention is a kind of labeling method of the adaptive token barrel based on professional perception: the particular type of by the service source end multimedia service stream being distinguished the multimedia service that is wherein comprised earlier; Like video, audio frequency etc.; With the key frame and the non-key frame of back generation that dissimilar multimedia services is encoded, and when Internet encapsulates, carry out preliminary making and handle; Then; When Business Stream arrives Differentiated Services DiffServ Web portal; Based on the preliminary making result different markers process is carried out in dissimilar groupings respectively by the ingress edge router:, improve the probability that it is labeled as green, to increase the probability that it successfully transmits to critical packet; To ordinary groups, Network Based in the drop probabilities of feedback, under the situation that does not change single Business Stream packet loss, make to be labeled as red grouping and to be to be evenly distributed or to concentrate based on the burstiness lossProfile demand that abandons grouping of different business and to distribute.
Referring to Fig. 3, introduce the operating procedure of the inventive method in detail:
The source end main frame of step 1, multimedia service adopts the method for designing of striding layer; The multimedia service stream packets of needs transmission is carried out preliminary making to be handled; So that can indicate and distinguish the multimedia service that each grouping carries according to the result of preliminary making is video, audio frequency or other type, and what comprised is to use key frame or the non-key frame that coding produces.
In this step 1, the preliminary making process that source end main frame is carried out further comprises the following operations content:
(11) the multimedia application data of needs transmission are analyzed; The data separation of the different application type that comprises video, audio frequency or other type that comprises in this media stream is come out, and the key frame and the non-key frame that again the data of these different application types are carried out producing behind the compressed encoding distinguish: the data in each media stream are divided into six types through the frame that the coding back produces: key frame of video, video normal frames, audio frequency key frame, audio frequency normal frames, other key frame and other normal frames;
(12) when network layer encapsulates the multimedia application data,, respectively grouping after encapsulation is carried out preliminary making and handle according to packaged different types of data; Promptly adopt the mark value of keeping for grade to select the per hop behavior PHB (Per Hop Behavior) of CS (class selector) in the IP packet header DSCP territory, preliminary making is carried out in each grouping; Wherein the front two of DSCP is indicated the multimedia service stream type (01 is video, and 10 be audio frequency, and 11 is other) that packaged IP divides into groups, and indicates whether packaged grouping is key frame (1 is key frame, and 0 is non-key frame) for the 3rd, and everybody all be 0 other.Like this, for different packets, the value of DSCP significance bit is distributed as follows:
Step 2, flow to when reaching Differentiated Services DiffServ network edge when multimedia service; Ingress edge router elder generation is according to the differentiated Services code point DSCP value of preliminary making; Various dissimilar multimedia service stream with in the multimedia service stream is unit; The packet zone that will belong to the different multimedia type of service branches away, so that respectively it is carried out separately independently labeling process; According to the DSCP value of preliminary making, the packet zone that will belong to a kind of multimedia service type is divided into critical packet and ordinary groups again; According to this entrained frame type that divides into groups, the grouping behind the preliminary making is divided into six types: video critical packet, video ordinary groups, audio frequency critical packet, audio frequency ordinary groups, other critical packet, other ordinary groups.
Step 3, ingress edge router adopt improved srTCM method, adopt the different markers method to carry out mark to critical packet in every kind of multimedia service type and ordinary groups, so that improve critical packet are labeled as green probability; Simultaneously, according to the Business Stream packet loss that egress edge router feeds back, adjust being labeled as the red distribution situation of ordinary groups in Business Stream;
In this step 3, the operation that the ingress edge router carries out mark to critical packet comprises following content:
(31) respectively have on the basis of a C bucket and E bucket in former srTCM method, the C bucket is expanded to two: C1 bucket and C2 bucket; Wherein deposit the C2 bucket of green tokens and the C bucket and the E bucket of the corresponding former method of E bucket difference of depositing yellow tokens, the C1 bucket of depositing the bottle green token then is exclusively used in the mark of critical packet;
(32) in service grade standard SLS (Service Level Specification); Every kind of multimedia service type is done following the setting: the initial value that the ratio R of critical packet and all groupings in committed information rate CIR and the business of burst excess size EBS, business of initial value, the E bucket of Committed Burst Size CBS1 and the CBS2 of C1 bucket and C2 bucket is set respectively; The variation of flowing according to multimedia service then; Adopt following formula to calculate the Committed Burst Size of C1 bucket and C2 bucket in real time: CBS1=f1 (CIR; R), and CBS2=f2 (CIR, R); In the formula, ratio R is to carry out real-time statistics according to the arrival situation of every kind of Business Stream to obtain;
(33) during beginning label, the token of depositing in C1 bucket, C2 bucket and the E bucket all is full;
(34) the ingress edge router is carried out bottle green, green, yellow and four red color marker operating process respectively to the critical packet of each arrival earlier; Simultaneously also ordinary groups is carried out green, yellow and red marking operation; And, adjust and be labeled as the red distribution situation of ordinary groups in Business Stream based on the Business Stream packet loss that egress edge router feeds back; At this moment, be the existing Queue Management Algorithm of compatibility, when mark DSCP value, bottle green and green all be mapped to same DSCP value; Promptly based on RFC 2957 suggestions, bottle green is XXX010 with green corresponding DSCP value, and yellow corresponding DSCP value is XXX100, and red corresponding DSCP value is XXX110.
Referring to Fig. 4, it is following to the particular content of the marking operation of the critical packet of each arrival to introduce the middle ingress edge router of this step (34):
Suppose that the critical packet length that arrives is length1, the token number that C1 bucket, C2 bucket and E bucket have is respectively T
C1, T
C2, T
E
Whether the critical packet length1 that (3401) judges arrival earlier is less than the token number T that has in the C1 bucket
C1, if, then this group markups is designated as bottle green, simultaneously the token number in C1 bucket and the C2 bucket is deducted this critical packet length1 length, i.e. T respectively
C1 (j+1)=T
C1 (j)-length1, T
C2 (j+1)=T
C2 (j)The serial number of the j expressive notation operation the in-length1, subscript bracket; Otherwise, carry out subsequent operation;
Whether the critical packet length1 that (3402) judges this arrival is less than the token number T that has in the C2 bucket
C2, if, then this group markups is designated as green, simultaneously the token number in the C2 bucket is deducted this critical packet length1 length, i.e. T
C2 (j+1)=T
C2 (j)-length1; Otherwise, carry out subsequent operation;
Whether the critical packet length1 that (3403) judges this arrival is less than the token number T that has in the E bucket
E, if, then this group markups is designated as yellow, simultaneously the token number in the E bucket is deducted this critical packet length1 length, i.e. T
E (j+1)=T
E (j)-length; Otherwise, group markups is designated as redness.
From the above, adopt the inventive method after, when critical packet does not have tangible burst behavior, can guarantee basically it is labeled as green, promptly improved its probability that success is transmitted in network.
In this step (34); When the ingress edge router is carried out marking operation to the ordinary groups of each arrival; Will be with reference to the real-time packet loss of Business Stream in network; Promptly adopt by the egress edge router of DiffServ network method, obtain the real-time packet loss of Business Stream in network to ingress edge router feedback.This feedback method is be unit with the multimedia service of each type stream (as: audio stream, video flowing etc.), adopts following formula to calculate its average drop probabilities P ' as final mark foundation: P '
(j+1)=α P '
(j)+ (1-α) P, in the formula, P is that the multimedia service that the ingress edge router is received flows real-time packet loss; The serial number of the j expressive notation operation in the subscript bracket, alpha is used for drop probabilities P ' is made smoothing processing, avoids the distribution fluctuates of red packet mark packets excessive; Its span is: [0; 1], α numerical value is big more, and the value of expression P ' receives the influence of historical packet loss big more; α is more little, and the value of expression P ' receives the influence of real-time packet loss big more.
At this moment, also introduce a new argument: abandon the burstiness L of grouping, promptly lossProfile is used to represent that each continued labelling is the number of red packets, and its value is a natural number: for Video Applications, the L value is 1; For voice applications, the L value is 5; And the default value of L is set in SLS, be used for other application type.
Referring to Fig. 5, introduce the particular content of the middle ingress edge router of this step (34) to the marking operation of the ordinary groups execution of each arrival:
For the ordinary groups of each arrival, the ingress edge router is carried out tricolor marker (green, yellow, the redness) process after improving.With reference to the suggestion of RFC 2957, green corresponding DSCP value XXX010, yellow corresponding DSCP value XXX100, red corresponding DSCP value XXX110.
Suppose that the ordinary groups length that arrives is length2, the token number that C2 bucket and E bucket have is respectively T
C2And T
E, actual continued labelling is set for green with yellow grouping length overall is n ' in SLS, requiring continued labelling is that green with yellow grouping length overall is n, and actual continued labelling is for red grouping length overall is m ', and requiring continued labelling is that red grouping length overall is m; Business Stream average packet length is B, and the E bucket debt-credit token that uses of can overdrawing adds up to N, again above-mentioned parameter is carried out the initialization setting:
Whether the ordinary groups length2 that (3411) judges arrival earlier is less than the token number T that has in the C2 bucket
C2, if then this group markups is designated as green; Simultaneously the token number in the C2 bucket is deducted this ordinary groups length2 length; Is the length that adds this grouping among the n ' in actual continued labelling for green with yellow grouping length overall, and to establish continued labelling be that the length overall m ' of red packets is 0, i.e. T
C2 (j+1)=T
C2 (j)-length2, n '
(j+1)=n '
(j)+ length2, m '
(j+1)=0, in the formula, the serial number of the j expressive notation operation in the subscript bracket; Otherwise, carry out subsequent operation;
Whether the ordinary groups length2 that (3412) judges this arrival is less than the token number T that has in the E bucket
E, if judge again then whether this grouping satisfies the condition that n '＜n sets up; If satisfy condition; Then this group markups is designated as yellow, simultaneously the token number that has in the E bucket is deducted this ordinary groups length2 length, add the length of this grouping length2 in actual continued labelling for green with yellow grouping length overall n '; And to establish continued labelling be that the length overall m ' of red packets is 0, i.e. T
E (j+1)=T
E (j)-length2, n '
(j+1)=n '
(j)+ length2, m '
(j+1)=0; If do not satisfy this condition; Then carry out the token reservation operations; Promptly reserve the token in the E bucket, and this group markups is designated as redness, simultaneously actual continued labelling is added this grouping length2 length for red grouping length overall m '; And to establish actual continued labelling be 0 for green with yellow grouping length overall n ', i.e. m '
(j+1)=m '
(j)+ length2, n '=0; Otherwise, carry out subsequent operation;
Whether the ordinary groups length2 that (3413) judges this arrival is greater than the token number T that has in the E bucket
E, if judge again then whether actual continued labelling satisfies m '＜m and T for red grouping length overall m '
E-length2＞-condition that N sets up, if satisfy condition, then carry out token debt-credit operation, promptly borrow or lend money a part of token and be used for the E bucket, and the token number of debt-credit altogether should not surpass N; And this group markups is designated as yellow; Simultaneously the token number that has in the E bucket is deducted this ordinary groups length2 length; Add the length of this grouping length2 in actual continued labelling for green with yellow grouping length overall n ', and to establish continued labelling be that the length overall m ' of red packets is 0, i.e. T
E (j+1)=T
E (j)-length2, n '
(j+1)=n '
(j)+ length2, m '
(j+1)=0; If do not satisfy this condition, then this group markups is designated as redness, simultaneously actual continued labelling is added this grouping length2 length for red grouping length overall m ', and to establish actual continued labelling be 0 for green with yellow grouping length overall n ', i.e. m '
(j+1)=m '
(j)+ length2, n '=0.
Although above-mentioned token is reserved and is meant that the current token that has enough carries out other mark of this level in the token bucket; But for making professional indicia distribution consistent with the burstiness lossProfile demand that abandons grouping; Earlier token is reserved a period of time, set the operation that re-uses behind the number when the token number that has in the token bucket reaches.
The token debt-credit is meant when the current token number that has is not enough in the token bucket; For making the consistent overdraw earlier with the lossProfile demand of professional indicia distribution set the operation of the token of number, wherein the token of overdraw must be given back in token arrival next time before as early as possible.
Because the effect of green and yellow packet is respectively to guarantee the committed rate (CIR) of Business Stream and guarantee the fairness between the Business Stream; For the basic QoS attribute of traffic affecting not; Token of the present invention is reserved and the operation of token debt-credit all only is used for yellow packet; The token of promptly reserving and borrowing or lending money all is positioned at the E bucket, to guarantee the fairness between each multimedia service stream.
Therefore, the inventive method can be on the basis that does not change the Business Stream packet loss, and according to the difference of the lossProfile demand of multimedia service, adjustment is labeled as the red distribution in the Business Stream that is grouped in, and improves professional QoS.
Step 4, every at a distance from the time interval of setting, the ingress edge router also replenishes token to the token bucket in every kind of multimedia service type; Need to prove: this additional token operates in the whole labeling process of multimedia service stream and step (2) and (3) while executed in parallel.
This step 4 further comprises the following operations content;
(41) the token process of replenishing because of the C1 bucket is to adopt different tokens to replenish speed respectively to carry out simultaneously with the token of C2 bucket and the E bucket process of replenishing, and replenishes speed so confirm the token of different token buckets earlier:
The arrival rate of supposing the middle critical packet of multimedia service stream (as: audio stream, video flowing etc.) of each type in the multimedia service stream is R
0, committed information rate is CIR, then the token of the C1 bucket of this multimedia service stream replenishes speed R
1Be variable R
0Function with CIR: R
1=g (R
0, CIR), the token of C2 bucket and E bucket replenishes speed R
2For: R
2=CIR;
(42) whenever separated
Second, judge the token number T in the C1 bucket
C1Whether less than its Committed Burst Size CBS1, if then replenish the token in the C1 bucket, i.e. T
C1 (j+! )=T
C1 (j)+ 1; Otherwise, will not replenish;
(43) whenever separated
Second, judge the token number T in the E bucket
EWhether less than zero, if then replenish the token in the E bucket, i.e. T
E (j+! )=T
E (j)+ 1; Otherwise, judge the token number T in the C2 bucket again
C2Whether less than its Committed Burst Size CBS2, if then replenish the token in the C2 bucket, i.e. T
C2 (j+! )=T
C2 (j)+ 1; Otherwise, judge the token number T in the E bucket again
EWhether less than its burst excess size EBS, if then replenish the token in the E bucket, i.e. T
E (j+! )=T
E (j)+ 1; Otherwise, will not replenish.
The present invention has carried out emulation and has implemented test, below brief account it:
The platform of l-G simulation test is NS-2, and its network topology architecture is as shown in Figure 7, and wherein S1, S2, S3 are the source end main frames of three multimedia services, and it is 10Mb that every section link capacity is set, and time delay is 1ms.
Simulation process is described as follows:
(1) revises DiffServ module under the NS2, add the labeling method after improving according to the inventive method therein.
(2) original multimedia file example.yuv is encoded after, generation needs the data (application layer) of transmission, and is kept among the file example.dat.Simultaneously, the relevant information (as: frame type, frame length etc.) with each frame in the transmission data all is kept among another file example.txt.
The partial content brief introduction of example.txt is (as shown in the table) as follows: wherein; First classifies the sequence number of frame as; Second classifies the transmitting time of frame as; The 3rd classifies frame length as, and (unit: bytes), the 4th classifies the type (1 expression key frame of video, the non-key frame of 2 expression videos, 3 expression audio frequency key frames, the non-key frame of 4 expression audio frequency, 5 other key frames of expression, 6 other non-key frames of expression) of frame as.
(3) under the NS2 environment, the data that are kept among the example.dat are encapsulated at the IP layer according to the explanation among the example.txt, and preliminary making is carried out in grouping according to different frame types.
(4) the multimedia service stream that generates is transmitted in NS2, the DiffServ network topology that transmission is used is as shown in Figure 7, simultaneously, in transmission course, introduces background service stream as disturbing.
In the DiffServ network, this step adopts original srTCM labeling method and the method after the present invention improves that the multimedia service stream that generates is carried out twice transmission respectively, so that observe improvement effect of the present invention.
(5) after the Business Stream transmission is accomplished, collect the grouping of transmission success at destination.For the grouping of adopting original srTCM labeling method to obtain in the transmission course, carry out decapsulation after, application data is deposited among the file result0.dat.For the grouping of adopting the inventive method to obtain in the transmission course, carry out decapsulation after, application data is deposited among another file result1.dat
(6) respectively the data among result0.dat and the result1.dat are decoded, obtain through multimedia file result0.yuv and result1.yuv after the transmission.
(7) will transmit the back file (result0.yuv and result1.yuv) that obtains and compare with original document (example.yuv) respectively, and calculate Y-PSNR PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) value, be designated as psnr0 and psnr1 respectively.Wherein, PSNR is for weighing the index of video quality, and the PSNR value is high more, and the quality of expression video is good more.
(8) psnr0 and psnr1 are compared, if psnr1, explains then that the improvement of the inventive method is effective greater than psnr0.
The scene one of emulation is a multimedia service stream of transmission (flow_id=0), introduces two background service streams this moment, concrete Business Stream information such as following table:
| ?flow_id | source | destination | rate | Type |
| ?0 | S1 | D | 280kbits/s | Media stream |
| ?1 | S2 | D | 5Mbits/s | Background stream |
| ?2 | S3 | D | 5Mbits/s | Background stream |
Multimedia service stream (flow_id=0) is after transmission, and psnr0 that obtains and the value of psnr1 are more as shown in Figure 8.Visible by this figure, for the transmission of the stream of the multimedia service in the scene one, use the present invention will obviously be superior to existing srTCM labeling method through the general effect of the labeling method after improving.
The scene two of emulation be two multimedia services of transmission stream (flow_id=0, flow_id=1), introduce a background service stream this moment, concrete Business Stream information such as following table:
| flow_id | source | | rate | Type | |
| 0 | S1 | D | 280kbits/s | |
|
| 1 | S2 | D | 280kbits/s | Media stream | |
| 2 | S3 | D | 9Mbits/s | Background stream |
Multimedia service stream 0 (flow_id=0) is after transmission, and psnr0 that obtains and the value of psnr1 are more as shown in Figure 9.Visible by this figure, for the transmission of the stream of the multimedia service in the scene two 0, use the present invention will obviously be superior to existing srTCM labeling method through the general effect of the labeling method after improving.
For the transmission of multimedia service stream 1 (flow_id=1), when using existing srTCM labeling method, owing to lose too much critical packet, the grouping that causes receiving at destination can't be recombinated in default of key frame.Use the inventive method, owing to protected the transmission of critical packet, can the grouping of receiving be recombinated at destination, the value of the psnr1 that calculates after multimedia file that obtains after the reorganization and original multimedia file compare is shown in figure 10.Therefore, for the transmission of the stream of the multimedia service in the scene two 1, use the general effect of the inventive method will be superior to existing srTCM labeling method greatly.
Claims (7)
1. labeling method based on the adaptive token barrel of professional perception; It is characterized in that: the service source end is distinguished the particular type comprising the various multimedia service datas of Voice & Video to multimedia service stream earlier; Again when network layer encapsulates, the data of different service types critical packet and the ordinary groups that the back produces of encoding carried out preliminary making; When Business Stream arrives Differentiated Services DiffServ Web portal; According to the preliminary making result different markers process is carried out in dissimilar groupings respectively by the ingress edge router: to critical packet; Raising is labeled as green probability with it, to increase the probability that it successfully transmits; To ordinary groups, Network Based in the drop probabilities of feedback, under the situation that does not change single Business Stream packet loss, make to be labeled as red grouping and to be to be evenly distributed or to concentrate according to the burstiness lossProfile demand that abandons grouping of different business and to distribute; Said method comprises the following operations step:
(1) the source end main frame of multimedia service adopts the method for designing of striding layer; The multimedia service stream packets of needs transmission is carried out preliminary making to be handled; So that can indicate and distinguish the multimedia service that each grouping carries according to the result of preliminary making is video, audio frequency or other type, and what comprised is to use critical packet or the ordinary groups that coding produces; Wherein, the preliminary making of source end main frame execution is handled and is comprised the following operations content:
(11) the multimedia application data of needs transmission are analyzed; The data separation of the different application type that comprises video, audio frequency or other type that comprises in this media stream is come out, and the critical packet and the ordinary groups of again the data of these different application types being carried out producing behind the compressed encoding distinguish: the data in each media stream have six types through the grouping that the coding back produces: video critical packet, video ordinary groups, audio frequency critical packet, audio frequency ordinary groups, other critical packet and other ordinary groups;
(12) when network layer encapsulates the multimedia application data,, respectively grouping after encapsulation is carried out preliminary making and handle according to packaged different types of data; Promptly adopt the mark value of keeping for grade to select the per hop behavior PHB of CS in the IP packet header DSCP territory; Packet type according to dividing into groups to carry carries out preliminary making to each grouping, and the grouping behind the preliminary making is divided into six types: video critical packet, video ordinary groups, audio frequency critical packet, audio frequency ordinary groups, other critical packet and other ordinary groups; Wherein the front two of DSCP is indicated the multimedia service stream type that packaged IP divides into groups, and indicates whether packaged grouping is critical packet for the 3rd, and everybody all be 0 other;
(2) flow to when reaching Differentiated Services DiffServ network edge when multimedia service; Ingress edge router elder generation is according to the differentiated Services code point DSCP value of preliminary making; Various dissimilar multimedia service stream with in the multimedia service stream is unit; The packet zone that will belong to the different multimedia type of service branches away, so that respectively it is carried out separately independently labeling process; According to the DSCP value of preliminary making, the packet zone that will belong to a kind of multimedia service type is divided into critical packet and ordinary groups again;
(3) the ingress edge router adopts improved single-rate three-color marker srTCM method, adopts the different markers method to carry out mark to critical packet in every kind of multimedia service type and ordinary groups, so that improve critical packet is labeled as green probability; Simultaneously, according to the Business Stream packet loss that egress edge router feeds back, adjust being labeled as the red distribution situation of ordinary groups in Business Stream; Wherein, the operation that critical packet and ordinary groups are carried out mark of ingress edge router further comprises following content:
(31) respectively have on the basis of a C bucket and E bucket in former srTCM method, the C bucket is expanded to two: C1 bucket and C2 bucket; Wherein deposit the C2 bucket of green tokens and the C bucket and the E bucket of the corresponding former method of E bucket difference of depositing yellow tokens, the C1 bucket of depositing the bottle green token then is exclusively used in the mark of critical packet;
(32) in service grade standard SLS; Every kind of multimedia service type is done following the setting: the initial value that the ratio R of critical packet and all groupings in committed information rate CIR and the business of burst excess size EBS, business of initial value, the E bucket of Committed Burst Size CBS1 and the CBS2 of C1 bucket and C2 bucket is set respectively; The variation of flowing according to multimedia service then; Adopt following formula to calculate the Committed Burst Size of C1 bucket and C2 bucket in real time: CBS1=f1 (CIR; R), and CBS2=f2 (CIR, R); In the formula, ratio R is to carry out real-time statistics according to the arrival situation of every kind of Business Stream to obtain;
(33) during beginning label, the token of depositing in C1 bucket, C2 bucket and the E bucket all is full;
(34) the ingress edge router is carried out bottle green, green, yellow and red four color markers operation respectively to the critical packet of each arrival earlier; Simultaneously also ordinary groups is carried out green, yellow and red marking operation; And, adjust its distribution situation in Business Stream to being labeled as red ordinary groups based on the Business Stream packet loss that egress edge router feeds back; At this moment, be the existing Queue Management Algorithm of compatibility, when mark DSCP value, bottle green and green all be mapped to same DSCP value; Promptly based on RFC 2957 suggestions, bottle green is XXX010 with green corresponding DSCP value, and yellow corresponding DSCP value is XXX100, and red corresponding DSCP value is XXX110;
(4) every at a distance from the time interval of setting, the ingress edge router also replenishes token to the token bucket in every kind of multimedia service type; And should replenish in the whole labeling process that token operates in multimedia service stream and step (2) and (3) while executed in parallel.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: during said preliminary making was handled, DSCP indicated that the front two of the multimedia service stream type of packaged grouping is respectively: the 01st, and video, the 10th, audio frequency, the 11st, other multimedia; The 3rd is 1 or 0 o'clock, indicates packaged critical packet or the ordinary groups of being grouped into respectively; Like this; The value of the pairing DSCP significance bit of different packets type is provided with as follows: the video critical packet of encapsulate video is 011000; The audio frequency critical packet of encapsulation audio frequency is 101000, and other critical packet of encapsulation is 111000, and above-mentioned three groupings are called as critical packet; Following three groupings are called as ordinary groups: the video ordinary groups of encapsulate video is 010000, and the audio frequency ordinary groups of encapsulation audio frequency is 100000, and other ordinary groups of encapsulation is 110000.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the said step (34), the ingress edge router is following to the detailed process of the marking operation that the critical packet of each arrival is carried out:
Suppose that the critical packet length that arrives is length1, the token number that C1 bucket, C2 bucket and E bucket have is respectively T
C1, T
C2And T
E
Whether the critical packet length1 that (3401) judges arrival earlier is less than the token number T that has in the C1 bucket
C1, if, then this group markups is designated as bottle green, simultaneously the token number in C1 bucket and the C2 bucket is deducted this critical packet length1 length, i.e. T respectively
C1 (j+1)=T
C1 (j)-length1, T
C2 (j+1)=T
C2 (j)The serial number of the j expressive notation operation the in-length1, subscript bracket; Otherwise, carry out subsequent operation;
Whether the critical packet length1 that (3402) judges this arrival is less than the token number T that has in the C2 bucket
C2, if, then this group markups is designated as green, simultaneously the token number in the C2 bucket is deducted this critical packet length1 length, i.e. T
C2 (j+1)=T
C2 (j)-length1; Otherwise, carry out subsequent operation;
Whether the critical packet length1 that (3403) judges this arrival is less than the token number T that has in the E bucket
E, if, then this group markups is designated as yellow, simultaneously the token number in the E bucket is deducted this critical packet length1 length, i.e. T
E (j+1)=T
E (j)-length; Otherwise, group markups is designated as redness.
4. method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: in the said step (34); When the ingress edge router is carried out marking operation to the ordinary groups of each arrival; Employing is obtained the real-time packet loss of Business Stream in network by the egress edge router of the DiffServ network method to ingress edge router feedback; This feedback method is to be unit with the multimedia service of each type stream, adopts following formula to calculate its average drop probabilities P '
(j+1)=α P '
(j)+ (1-α) P, in the formula, P is that the multimedia service that the ingress edge router is received flows real-time packet loss; The serial number of the j expressive notation operation in the subscript bracket, alpha is used for drop probabilities P ' is made smoothing processing, avoids the distribution fluctuates of red packet mark packets excessive; Its span is: [0; 1], α numerical value is big more, and the value of expression P ' receives the influence of historical packet loss big more; α is more little, and the value of expression P ' receives the influence of real-time packet loss big more;
At this moment, also introduce a new argument: abandon the burstiness L of grouping, promptly lossProfile is used to represent that each continued labelling is the number of red packets, and its value is a natural number: for Video Applications, the L value is 1; For voice applications, the L value is 5; And the default value of L is set in SLS, be used for other application type.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the said step (34), the ingress edge router is following to the detailed process of the marking operation that the ordinary groups of each arrival is carried out:
Suppose that the ordinary groups length that arrives is length2, the token number that C2 bucket and E bucket have is respectively T
C2And T
E, actual continued labelling is set for green with yellow grouping length overall is n ' in SLS, requiring continued labelling is that green with yellow grouping length overall is n, and actual continued labelling is for red grouping length overall is m ', and requiring continued labelling is that red grouping length overall is m; Business Stream average packet length is B, and the E bucket debt-credit token that uses of can overdrawing adds up to N, again above-mentioned parameter is carried out the initialization setting:
Whether the ordinary groups length2 that (3411) judges arrival earlier is less than the token number T that has in the C2 bucket
C2, if then this group markups is designated as green; Simultaneously the token number in the C2 bucket is deducted this ordinary groups length2 length; Is the length that adds this grouping among the n ' in actual continued labelling for green with yellow grouping length overall, and to establish continued labelling be that the length overall m ' of red packets is 0, i.e. T
C2 (j+1)=T
C2 (j)-length2, n '
(j+1)=n '
(j)+ length2, m '
(j+1)=0, in the formula, the serial number of the j expressive notation operation in the subscript bracket; Otherwise, carry out subsequent operation;
Whether the ordinary groups length2 that (3412) judges this arrival is less than the token number T that has in the E bucket
E, if judge again then whether this grouping satisfies the condition that n '＜n sets up; If satisfy condition; Then this group markups is designated as yellow, simultaneously the token number that has in the E bucket is deducted this ordinary groups length2 length, add the length of this grouping length2 in actual continued labelling for green with yellow grouping length overall n '; And to establish continued labelling be that the length overall m ' of red packets is 0, i.e. T
E (j+1)=T
E (j)-length2, n '
(j+1)=n '
(j)+ length2, m '
(j+1)=0; If do not satisfy this condition; Then carry out the token reservation operations; Promptly reserve the token in the E bucket, and this group markups is designated as redness, simultaneously actual continued labelling is added this grouping length2 length for red grouping length overall m '; And to establish actual continued labelling be 0 for green with yellow grouping length overall n ', i.e. m '
(j+1)=m '
(j)+ length2, n '=0; Otherwise, carry out subsequent operation;
Whether the ordinary groups length2 that (3413) judges this arrival is greater than the token number T that has in the E bucket
E, if judge again then whether actual continued labelling satisfies m '＜m and T for red grouping length overall m '
E-length2＞-condition that N sets up, if satisfy condition, then carry out token debt-credit operation, promptly borrow or lend money a part of token and be used for the E bucket, and the token number of debt-credit altogether should not surpass N; And this group markups is designated as yellow; Simultaneously the token number that has in the E bucket is deducted this ordinary groups length2 length; Add the length of this grouping length2 in actual continued labelling for green with yellow grouping length overall n ', and to establish continued labelling be that the length overall m ' of red packets is 0, i.e. T
E (j+1)=T
E (j)-length2, n '
(j+1)=n '
(j)+ length2, m '
(j+1)=0; If do not satisfy this condition, then this group markups is designated as redness, simultaneously actual continued labelling is added this grouping length2 length for red grouping length overall m ', and to establish actual continued labelling be 0 for green with yellow grouping length overall n ', i.e. m '
(j+1)=m '
(j)+ length2, n '=0.
6. method according to claim 5; It is characterized in that: be meant that the current token that has enough carries out other mark of this level in the token bucket although said token is reserved; But for making professional indicia distribution consistent with the burstiness lossProfile demand that abandons grouping; Earlier token is reserved a period of time, set the operation that re-uses behind the number when the token number that has in the token bucket reaches;
Said token debt-credit is meant when the current token number that has is not enough in the token bucket; For making the consistent overdraw earlier with the lossProfile demand of professional indicia distribution set the operation of the token of number, wherein the token of overdraw must be given back in token arrival next time before as early as possible;
The operation that said token is reserved with the token debt-credit all only is used for yellow packet, and the token of promptly reserving and borrowing or lending money all is positioned at the E bucket, to guarantee fairness and the not traffic affecting QoS attribute of each multimedia service between flowing.
7. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said step (4) further comprises the following operations content;
(41) the token process of replenishing because of the C1 bucket is to adopt different tokens to replenish speed respectively to carry out simultaneously with the token of C2 bucket and the E bucket process of replenishing, and replenishes speed so confirm the token of different token buckets earlier:
The arrival rate of supposing critical packet in the multimedia service stream of each type in the multimedia service stream is R
0, committed information rate is CIR, then the token of the C1 bucket of this multimedia service stream replenishes speed R
1Be variable R
0Function with CIR: R
1=g (R
0, CIR), it is R that the token of C2 bucket and E bucket replenishes speed
2: R
2=CIR;
(42) whenever separated
Second, judge the token number T in the C1 bucket
C1Whether less than its Committed Burst Size CBS1, if then replenish the token in the C1 bucket, i.e. T
C1 (j+1)=T
C1 (j)+ 1, in the formula, the j in the subscript bracket is the serial number of marking operation; Otherwise, will not replenish;
(43) whenever separated
Second, judge the token number T that has in the E bucket
EWhether less than zero, if then replenish the token in the E bucket, i.e. T
E (j+! )=T
E (j)+ 1; Otherwise, judge the token number T in the C2 bucket again
C2Whether less than its Committed Burst Size CBS2, if then replenish the token in the C2 bucket, i.e. T
C2 (j+! )=T
C2 (j)+ 1; Otherwise, judge the token number T in the E bucket again
EWhether less than its burst excess size EBS, if then replenish the token in the E bucket, i.e. T
E (j+1)=T
E (j)+ 1; Otherwise, will not replenish.
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| CN2008102392990A CN101420461B (en) | 2008-12-08 | 2008-12-08 | Adaptive token barrel marking method based on service sensing |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2008102392990A CN101420461B (en) | 2008-12-08 | 2008-12-08 | Adaptive token barrel marking method based on service sensing |
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| CN101420461B true CN101420461B (en) | 2012-05-23 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101610257B (en) * | 2009-07-17 | 2012-08-15 | 北京邮电大学 | Real-time context perceiving and classification marking method of internet business flow |
| CN101820385A (en) * | 2010-02-10 | 2010-09-01 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十研究所 | Method for controlling flow of IP data stream |
| CN101969408B (en) * | 2010-11-03 | 2012-05-23 | 南京邮电大学 | Active queue management method based on packet DSCP (Differentiated Services Code Point) marks |
| CN101969410A (en) * | 2010-11-05 | 2011-02-09 | 南京邮电大学 | Dynamic queue management method for differentiated service network |
| CN103580967A (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2014-02-12 | 广东广联电子科技有限公司 | Token passing method applied to digital home network |
| WO2017000146A1 (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-01-05 | 深圳走天下科技有限公司 | Data transmission apparatus, router, and data transmission method |
| US11425046B2 (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2022-08-23 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Probabilistic packet marking with fast adaptation mechanisms |
| CN109922488B (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2021-04-23 | 电子科技大学 | Design method for URLLC packet discarding in real-time wireless control system |
| CN112995059B (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2024-06-28 | 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 | Flow control method, flow control device, terminal equipment and computer storage medium |
| CN114928554B (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2024-04-02 | 大唐移动通信设备有限公司 | Video transmission method, device and storage medium |
| CN115883472B (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2024-05-03 | 重庆紫光华山智安科技有限公司 | Token issuing method and related device |
| CN116366741A (en) * | 2023-03-22 | 2023-06-30 | 云贵亮 | Bit value authentication system for network data distribution |
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