CA2069952A1 - Anticorrosive agent of steam and condenser systems and anticorrosive method of steam and condenser systems - Google Patents
Anticorrosive agent of steam and condenser systems and anticorrosive method of steam and condenser systemsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2069952A1 CA2069952A1 CA002069952A CA2069952A CA2069952A1 CA 2069952 A1 CA2069952 A1 CA 2069952A1 CA 002069952 A CA002069952 A CA 002069952A CA 2069952 A CA2069952 A CA 2069952A CA 2069952 A1 CA2069952 A1 CA 2069952A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- steam
- anticorrosive
- vitamin
- condenser systems
- agents
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K21/00—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
- F01K21/06—Treating live steam, other than thermodynamically, e.g. for fighting deposits in engine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
- C23F11/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in air or gases by adding vapour phase inhibitors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
- C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
- C23F11/10—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using organic inhibitors
- C23F11/12—Oxygen-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
- C23F11/08—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
- C23F11/10—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using organic inhibitors
- C23F11/12—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C23F11/122—Alcohols; Aldehydes; Ketones
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D11/00—Feed-water supply not provided for in other main groups
- F22D11/006—Arrangements of feedwater cleaning with a boiler
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The present invention relates to a method of preventing the occurrence of corrosion in pipes and devices of steam and condenser systems.
In case that steam generated in boilers is to be used for food processing and the production process of pharmaceutical agents, and for humidification of air conditioning of buildings, a high degree of hygienic safety is required for steam. However, there have not been any anticorrosive chemical agents with the certification such that the agents can be used safely with no concerns about the objective of the use of steam and about the concentration of the agents in steam. When the use of hygienic steam is desirable, there have been frequently the cases in which anticorrosive chemical agents are not used even if there are concerns about the corrosion of pipes and devices of steam and condenser systems.
The present invention is thus to provide an anticorrosive method of steam and condenser systems, comprising adding the anticorrosive agent containing as the effective component thereof at least one compound selected from the group consisting of vitamin A and vitamin E, whereby hygienically safe steam can be used for food processing and the like, with no concerns about the occurrence of steam contamination and corrosion of pipes due to chemical agents and the like.
The present invention relates to a method of preventing the occurrence of corrosion in pipes and devices of steam and condenser systems.
In case that steam generated in boilers is to be used for food processing and the production process of pharmaceutical agents, and for humidification of air conditioning of buildings, a high degree of hygienic safety is required for steam. However, there have not been any anticorrosive chemical agents with the certification such that the agents can be used safely with no concerns about the objective of the use of steam and about the concentration of the agents in steam. When the use of hygienic steam is desirable, there have been frequently the cases in which anticorrosive chemical agents are not used even if there are concerns about the corrosion of pipes and devices of steam and condenser systems.
The present invention is thus to provide an anticorrosive method of steam and condenser systems, comprising adding the anticorrosive agent containing as the effective component thereof at least one compound selected from the group consisting of vitamin A and vitamin E, whereby hygienically safe steam can be used for food processing and the like, with no concerns about the occurrence of steam contamination and corrosion of pipes due to chemical agents and the like.
Description
2 ~
SPECIFICATION
ANTICORROSIVE AGENT OF STEAM AND CONDENSER SYSTEMS AND
ANTICORROSIVE METHOD OF STEAM AND CONDENSER SYSTEMS
Field of Inven-tion The present invention relates to a method of preventing -the occurrence of corrosion in pipes and devices of steam and condenser systems.
Background Art In steam generating apparatuses, such as boilers and concentration cans, the metal in contact with steam and condensed water may corrode due to feed water-containing oxygen and components of M-alkalinity. Regarding to condenser systems in particular, carbon dioxide generated together with steam in boilers and the like dissolves again in water at condensation of steam, leading to the decrease in pH of condensed water (condensation), which frequently causes severe corrosion of pipes and devices~ As the methods to prevent such corrosion, there has been conventionally carried out the chemical process with strong basic-type amines such as morpholine and long-chain aliphatic amines such as octadecyl amine, besides the processes of ion exchange and degassing for the objective to degass carbonate in feed water.
In case that the steam generated in boilers is to be ~sed for food processing and the production process of pharmaceutical 2 ~ 2 agents and for humidification of air condi-tioning of buildings, a high degree -of hygienic safety is required for steam. Some of the amine-type chemical agents described above have got approval of their use as the additives for boilers from US EDA Standards, but the objectives of the utility of generated steam have been limited and the concentration of the agents in steam has also limitation. Additionally, they are not necessarily satisfactory in terms of s~fety. Hence, even in the case that some concerns about the corrosion of pipes and devices of steam and condenser systems may be present, steam is used without chemical processing, in order to ensure safety.
Disclosure of the Invention The present invention is thus to provide an anticorrosive method of steam and condenser systems, capable of providing sufficient ensuring of hygienic safety.
The present inventors have carried out investigations so as to achieve the above objectives, and have found that vitamin A
and vitamin E, among vitamins as the organic substances inevitable for maintaining normal growth and nutritious state of animals, have anticorrosive effect on steam and condenser systems. That is, the present invention is an anticorrosive agent of steam and condenser systems, containing vitamin A or E
as the effective component thereof, and an anticorrosive method of steam and condenser systems wherein at least one compound 2~g~2 selected from the group ~onsisting of vitamin A and vitamin E is added to the systems.
The vitamin A to be used in the present invention is ;
(a) vitamin A compounds including vitamin A1 (retinol), vitamin A2, vitamin A3, etc., or (b) the derivatives of the vitamin A compounds described above, including vitamin A aliphatic acid ester, vitamin A acid, vitamin A aldehyde, etc., and they may be natural products or synthetic products, or those containing such compounds or derivatives, for example, fatty oil obtained from liver and pyrolus uvula of marine animals.
The vitamin E to be used in the present invention is represented by so-called tocopherol and its analogs, including for example, ~-tocopherol, ~ -tocopherol, y -tocopherol, ~ -tocopherol, ~-tocotorienol, ~ -tocotorienol, r - tocotorienol, ~-tocotorienol, etc. As in vitamin A, oils containing such compounds, for example, germ oil and soybean oil, may be also included.
These vitamins A and E are those incorporated as nutritious components on daily basis into humans, and are substances in a wide range of general use as supplementary products for nutritious foods or additives for milk products, flour, baby foods, condensed and dried soup stocks, curry roux, confectioneries, etc. ~itamins A and E as such are thoroughly investigated of their safety including the effects on human body, ~6~
so they can appropriately be used in the case that safety of steam is important as described above.
The anticorrosive mechanism is not clear in accordance with the present invention, but such anticorrosive property of vitamins A and E cannot be expected from the properties and utilities thereofl and the property is very surprising.
These vitamin A and vitamin E may be used singly or in combination with each other, or may be used as a pharmaceutical agent in which these vitamins are blended together. The method of adding vitamin A, vitamin E or the mixture thereof, and the concentration thereof to be added should be appropriately determined, depending on equipment condition and the condition as to how to use, and it is generally preferable to directly inject and add them to the pipes of steam or condenser system. The longer the length of pipes of steam or condenser systems gets, the higher the concentration to be added should be. Vitamins A
and E are also sparingly soluble in water, and in case that preliminary dilution of them is advantageous at their addition, they may be dispersed in emulsifiers or diluted with solvents, before adding and using them.
Brief Description of Drawings Fig.l is a figure representing the configuration of a testing apparatus to carry out the anticorrosive method of steaJn and condenser systems in accordance with the present invention.
Best Mode of carrying out the Invention While supplying soft water f of the following water quality to autoclave a where as shown in Fig.l, steam header b, water cooling type steam condenser c following the header b, and condensed water (condensation) pool d following the condenser c, were communicated together, and thermal electric heater e (conductive heat area 0.67 m2) was immersed in water, operation was effected at a steam pressure of 8 kg f/cm2, a steam generation volume of 5.5 kg/h, a blower ratio of 10%, and the water temperature in the condensation water pool d of 70 C, until the final accumulation of feed water reached 200 Q. The decrease in corrosion of a soft steel board of 15 mm x 40 mm x 2 mm, suspended in the condensed water pool d, was measured to calculate the corrosion degree (mdd). Chemical agents g used are as follows, and the agents were injected into the steam header b at their ratios to condensed water as shown in Fig.l. No chemical agents were injected into the autoclave a.
The results are shown as ~ig.l, and excellent anticorrosive effect was obtained.
QualitY of soft water pH 7.5 Electric conductivity (~S/cm~ 200 M-alkalinity ~mg CaC03) 48 Silica (mg SiO2) 24 Chloride ion (mg Cl/l) 13 2 ~ 2 Whole hardness (mg CaCO3) less than 1 Chemical a~ents used Chemical agent A:
Vitamin A (Riken A palmitate 1000) 1 %
Benzyl alcohol 99 %
Chemical agent B:
Vitamin A (Riken A palmitate 1000) 4.1 %
Benzyl alcohol 95.9 %
Chemical agent C:
Vitamin E (E mix 60) 1 %
Benzyl alcohol - 99 %
Chemical agent D:
Benzyl alcohol 100 YD
Chemical agent E:
Octadecyl amine 1.4 YD
Polyoxyethylene stearylether 0.4 Water 98.2 %
Chemical agent E:
2-Amino-3-methyl propanol 17.5 %
Water 82.5 %
Table 1 Test No. Chemical Amount Corrosion Note agent added degree(mdd) 1 blank 125 2 A 600 22 Example 3 B 600 34 Example 2 ~
SPECIFICATION
ANTICORROSIVE AGENT OF STEAM AND CONDENSER SYSTEMS AND
ANTICORROSIVE METHOD OF STEAM AND CONDENSER SYSTEMS
Field of Inven-tion The present invention relates to a method of preventing -the occurrence of corrosion in pipes and devices of steam and condenser systems.
Background Art In steam generating apparatuses, such as boilers and concentration cans, the metal in contact with steam and condensed water may corrode due to feed water-containing oxygen and components of M-alkalinity. Regarding to condenser systems in particular, carbon dioxide generated together with steam in boilers and the like dissolves again in water at condensation of steam, leading to the decrease in pH of condensed water (condensation), which frequently causes severe corrosion of pipes and devices~ As the methods to prevent such corrosion, there has been conventionally carried out the chemical process with strong basic-type amines such as morpholine and long-chain aliphatic amines such as octadecyl amine, besides the processes of ion exchange and degassing for the objective to degass carbonate in feed water.
In case that the steam generated in boilers is to be ~sed for food processing and the production process of pharmaceutical 2 ~ 2 agents and for humidification of air condi-tioning of buildings, a high degree -of hygienic safety is required for steam. Some of the amine-type chemical agents described above have got approval of their use as the additives for boilers from US EDA Standards, but the objectives of the utility of generated steam have been limited and the concentration of the agents in steam has also limitation. Additionally, they are not necessarily satisfactory in terms of s~fety. Hence, even in the case that some concerns about the corrosion of pipes and devices of steam and condenser systems may be present, steam is used without chemical processing, in order to ensure safety.
Disclosure of the Invention The present invention is thus to provide an anticorrosive method of steam and condenser systems, capable of providing sufficient ensuring of hygienic safety.
The present inventors have carried out investigations so as to achieve the above objectives, and have found that vitamin A
and vitamin E, among vitamins as the organic substances inevitable for maintaining normal growth and nutritious state of animals, have anticorrosive effect on steam and condenser systems. That is, the present invention is an anticorrosive agent of steam and condenser systems, containing vitamin A or E
as the effective component thereof, and an anticorrosive method of steam and condenser systems wherein at least one compound 2~g~2 selected from the group ~onsisting of vitamin A and vitamin E is added to the systems.
The vitamin A to be used in the present invention is ;
(a) vitamin A compounds including vitamin A1 (retinol), vitamin A2, vitamin A3, etc., or (b) the derivatives of the vitamin A compounds described above, including vitamin A aliphatic acid ester, vitamin A acid, vitamin A aldehyde, etc., and they may be natural products or synthetic products, or those containing such compounds or derivatives, for example, fatty oil obtained from liver and pyrolus uvula of marine animals.
The vitamin E to be used in the present invention is represented by so-called tocopherol and its analogs, including for example, ~-tocopherol, ~ -tocopherol, y -tocopherol, ~ -tocopherol, ~-tocotorienol, ~ -tocotorienol, r - tocotorienol, ~-tocotorienol, etc. As in vitamin A, oils containing such compounds, for example, germ oil and soybean oil, may be also included.
These vitamins A and E are those incorporated as nutritious components on daily basis into humans, and are substances in a wide range of general use as supplementary products for nutritious foods or additives for milk products, flour, baby foods, condensed and dried soup stocks, curry roux, confectioneries, etc. ~itamins A and E as such are thoroughly investigated of their safety including the effects on human body, ~6~
so they can appropriately be used in the case that safety of steam is important as described above.
The anticorrosive mechanism is not clear in accordance with the present invention, but such anticorrosive property of vitamins A and E cannot be expected from the properties and utilities thereofl and the property is very surprising.
These vitamin A and vitamin E may be used singly or in combination with each other, or may be used as a pharmaceutical agent in which these vitamins are blended together. The method of adding vitamin A, vitamin E or the mixture thereof, and the concentration thereof to be added should be appropriately determined, depending on equipment condition and the condition as to how to use, and it is generally preferable to directly inject and add them to the pipes of steam or condenser system. The longer the length of pipes of steam or condenser systems gets, the higher the concentration to be added should be. Vitamins A
and E are also sparingly soluble in water, and in case that preliminary dilution of them is advantageous at their addition, they may be dispersed in emulsifiers or diluted with solvents, before adding and using them.
Brief Description of Drawings Fig.l is a figure representing the configuration of a testing apparatus to carry out the anticorrosive method of steaJn and condenser systems in accordance with the present invention.
Best Mode of carrying out the Invention While supplying soft water f of the following water quality to autoclave a where as shown in Fig.l, steam header b, water cooling type steam condenser c following the header b, and condensed water (condensation) pool d following the condenser c, were communicated together, and thermal electric heater e (conductive heat area 0.67 m2) was immersed in water, operation was effected at a steam pressure of 8 kg f/cm2, a steam generation volume of 5.5 kg/h, a blower ratio of 10%, and the water temperature in the condensation water pool d of 70 C, until the final accumulation of feed water reached 200 Q. The decrease in corrosion of a soft steel board of 15 mm x 40 mm x 2 mm, suspended in the condensed water pool d, was measured to calculate the corrosion degree (mdd). Chemical agents g used are as follows, and the agents were injected into the steam header b at their ratios to condensed water as shown in Fig.l. No chemical agents were injected into the autoclave a.
The results are shown as ~ig.l, and excellent anticorrosive effect was obtained.
QualitY of soft water pH 7.5 Electric conductivity (~S/cm~ 200 M-alkalinity ~mg CaC03) 48 Silica (mg SiO2) 24 Chloride ion (mg Cl/l) 13 2 ~ 2 Whole hardness (mg CaCO3) less than 1 Chemical a~ents used Chemical agent A:
Vitamin A (Riken A palmitate 1000) 1 %
Benzyl alcohol 99 %
Chemical agent B:
Vitamin A (Riken A palmitate 1000) 4.1 %
Benzyl alcohol 95.9 %
Chemical agent C:
Vitamin E (E mix 60) 1 %
Benzyl alcohol - 99 %
Chemical agent D:
Benzyl alcohol 100 YD
Chemical agent E:
Octadecyl amine 1.4 YD
Polyoxyethylene stearylether 0.4 Water 98.2 %
Chemical agent E:
2-Amino-3-methyl propanol 17.5 %
Water 82.5 %
Table 1 Test No. Chemical Amount Corrosion Note agent added degree(mdd) 1 blank 125 2 A 600 22 Example 3 B 600 34 Example 2 ~
4 C 600 29 Example D 600 124 Comparative Example 6 E 600 41 Comparative Example 7 E 600 27 Comparative Example Ind.ustrial Utili~ation of the Invention Because an anticorrosive agent containing as the effective component at least one compound selected from vitamin a or vitamin E is injected into steam pipes or into boilers, the application of the anticorrosive method of steam and condenser systems in accordance with the present invention allows the use of the steam for food processing and the like, with no concerns about the occurrence of steam contamination and the corrosion of the pipes due to chemical agents and the like.
Claims (2)
1. An anticorrosive agent containing as the effective component thereof at least one compound selected from vitamin A or vitamin E.
2. An anticorrosive method of steam and condenser systems, comprising adding at least one compound selected from vitamin A
or vitamin E to the systems.
or vitamin E to the systems.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2/81011 | 1990-03-30 | ||
| JP8101190 | 1990-03-30 | ||
| AU78489/91A AU643796B2 (en) | 1990-03-30 | 1991-06-18 | Anticorrosive agent of steam and condenser systems and anticorrosive method of steam and condenser systems |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2069952A1 true CA2069952A1 (en) | 1991-10-01 |
Family
ID=25638933
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002069952A Abandoned CA2069952A1 (en) | 1990-03-30 | 1991-03-28 | Anticorrosive agent of steam and condenser systems and anticorrosive method of steam and condenser systems |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0522161B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE118559T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU643796B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2069952A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69107449T2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1991015612A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10137130C1 (en) * | 2001-07-30 | 2003-03-13 | Excor Korrosionsforschung Gmbh | Vapor phase corrosion inhibitors, process for their preparation and use |
| US7311877B2 (en) | 2003-07-31 | 2007-12-25 | General Electric Company | Inhibition of corrosion in fluid systems |
| US7407623B2 (en) * | 2003-12-09 | 2008-08-05 | Ge Betz, Inc. | Steam condensate corrosion inhibitor compositions and methods |
| US7527638B2 (en) | 2003-12-16 | 2009-05-05 | Depuy Spine, Inc. | Methods and devices for minimally invasive spinal fixation element placement |
| CN115161644B (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2023-05-30 | 青岛华节鼎孚节能科技有限公司 | Pipeline corrosion inhibitor for gas-liquid two-phase transportation and preparation method and application thereof |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3149037A (en) * | 1962-09-07 | 1964-09-15 | Hoffmann La Roche | Vitamin compositions |
| JPS4958084A (en) * | 1972-10-10 | 1974-06-05 | ||
| AU537619B2 (en) * | 1980-04-28 | 1984-07-05 | Betz International, Inc. | Dioxo-aromatic compounds as oxygen scavengers in an aqueous medium |
| JPS63137184A (en) * | 1986-11-28 | 1988-06-09 | Nippon Oil & Fats Co Ltd | Aqueous rust preventive |
-
1991
- 1991-03-28 CA CA002069952A patent/CA2069952A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-03-28 WO PCT/JP1991/000410 patent/WO1991015612A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1991-03-28 EP EP91906425A patent/EP0522161B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-28 AT AT91906425T patent/ATE118559T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-03-28 DE DE69107449T patent/DE69107449T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-06-18 AU AU78489/91A patent/AU643796B2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0522161A4 (en) | 1992-10-23 |
| DE69107449D1 (en) | 1995-03-23 |
| EP0522161A1 (en) | 1993-01-13 |
| ATE118559T1 (en) | 1995-03-15 |
| EP0522161B1 (en) | 1995-02-15 |
| AU643796B2 (en) | 1993-11-25 |
| WO1991015612A1 (en) | 1991-10-17 |
| DE69107449T2 (en) | 1995-08-10 |
| AU7848991A (en) | 1993-01-07 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |