CA2030886C - Microstrip antenna of two-frequency separate-feeding type for circularly polarized waves - Google Patents
Microstrip antenna of two-frequency separate-feeding type for circularly polarized wavesInfo
- Publication number
- CA2030886C CA2030886C CA 2030886 CA2030886A CA2030886C CA 2030886 C CA2030886 C CA 2030886C CA 2030886 CA2030886 CA 2030886 CA 2030886 A CA2030886 A CA 2030886A CA 2030886 C CA2030886 C CA 2030886C
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- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- short
- antenna
- radiation
- ground plane
- microstrip antenna
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
- H01Q5/42—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements using two or more imbricated arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
A microstrip antenna of two-frequency separate-feeding type for circularly polarized waves is disclosed, in which four radiation conductors are disposed on a dielectric plate mounted on a conducting ground plane and each radiation conductor has its marginal portion partly short-circuited via a short-circuiting conductor to the conducting ground plane and is supplied at its feeding point with power via a feeder passing through the conducting ground plane and the dielectric plate. The four radiation conductors are composed of two pairs of radiation conductors of different sizes adjusted so that two desired frequencies can simultaneously be used for transmission and for reception, respectively, the conductors of each pair being arranged to generate a circularly polarized wave.
Description
~ACKGROUND OF TE113 INVENTION
The present invention relates to a mlcrostrlp ant~nna of two-frequency separate~feeding type for circularly polarized waves which is employed for various radio communications.
A microstrip antenna ls of wide applicatlon as an antenna for varlous communica-tions, because lt has a planar structure of a thickness sufficlently small as compared wlth the wavelength used and ls lightweight. With a phased array antenna using a plurality o~ such microstrip antennas it is possible to electrically change a beam of radio wave by controlling the phase shift amount of a phase shifter con-nected to each antenna element. Such a phased array antenna features its thin, small and lightwelght structure, and hence is expected to be applied to mobile communication and the like.
As is well-known in the art, the micro~trip antenna is narrow-band. For example, assuming that a voltage standing wave ratio o~ the antenna, i.e. a crikerlon upon which to determine whether or not the antenna can be put to praatlcal use, is 2 or below, the bandwidth of the microstrip antenna whlch satisfles the ratlo is a9 ~mall as several percents with respect to the center frequency, though it depends on the characterlstic of a dielectric plate used. This means that an ordinary microstrip antenna cannot be used for communications ln which transmit and receive radio wa~Ps higher than such a bandwidth as mentioned above, To solve this problem, mlcrostrip antennas o~ various struotures have been proposed so far.
$ ~
However, conventional art has defects such as compli-cated structure and difficulty in fabrica~ion.
SUL~MARY OF THE INVENTION
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a microstrip ante~na of two-fre~uency separate~
feeding type for circularly polarized waves which is small in size and easy to manufacture.
With a view to solviny the above-noted problems, the microstrip antenna of the present invention features a structure in which four radiation conductors are disposed on a dielectric plate mounted on a conducting ground plane and each radiation conductor has its marginal portion partly short-circuited via a short-circuiting conductor to the conducting ground plane and is supplied at its ~eeding point with power via a feeder passing through the conducting ground plane and the dielectric plate, and in which the four radiation conductors are composed o~ two pairs of radiation conductors of different sizes adjusted so that two desired frequencies can simul-taneously be used for transmission and for reception, respectively, the conductors of each pair being arranged to generate a circularly polarized wave.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention will be described in detail below in comparison with prior art with reference to accompanying drawings, in which:
Figs. lA and lB are a plan view and a sec-tional view taken on the line A-A' therein, both illustrating an embodi-ment of the present invention;
Figs. 2, 3A and 3B are plan views illustrating other embodiments of the present invention;
Fig. 4A is a block diagram showiny transmitting-receiviny equipment ln which a transmitting device and a receiving device are connected to the microstrip antenna of two-frequency separate-feeding type for circularly polarized waves according to the present, shown in Fig. 1, 2, 3A, or 3B;
Fig. 4B ls a block diagram illustrating a phased array antenna which is formed, as antenna elements, by the use of the microstrip antenna of two-frequency separate-feeding type for circularly polarized waves of the present invention shown in Fig. 1, 2, 3A or 3B;
Figs. 5A and 5B are a plan view and a sectional view taken on the line B-B' illustrating a conventional micro-s-trip antenna for circularly polarized waves designed for wide-band use;
Figs. 6A and 6B are a plan view and a seckional view taken on the line C-C' for illustrating a conventional microstrip antenna oE two-fre~uency separate feeding type for circularly polarized ~aves;
Figs. 7A and 7B are a plan view and a sectional view taken on the line D-D', showing a conventional one-point feeding type microstrip antenna for circularly polarized waves; and Fig. 8 is a block diagram showing a phased array antenna employing the conventional wide-band micros-trip antenna for circularly polarized waves depicted in Fig. 3.
~J:~J~
D~TA~I.ED DESCRIPTIOM
To make cliEferences between prior art ancl the present invention clear, examples of prior art will first be described.
S Figs. 5A and 5B show in combina-tion an examples of the structure of a conventional microstrip an-tenna intended for enhanced bandwiclth, Fig. SA being a plan view and Fig. 5B a sectional view taken on the line B-B' in Fig. 5A. Reference numeral 51 indicakes a radiation conductor, 52 a passive radiation conductor, 53 and 53' feeding points, 54 a grounded conductor, 55 dielectric substrate, and 56 a feeder. The feeding point 53 is connected to the feeder 56 feeding via a connector provided on the grounded conductor 54. With the structure of this example, an antenna which resonates in the transmi-tting or receiving fre~uency band can be obtained by adjustment of the sizes of the radiation conductor 51 and the passive radiation conductor 52.
Fig. 8 is block diagram showing a conventional phasecl array antenna using microstrip an-tennas exemplified in E'ig.
5. Reference numeral 81 indicates each an-tenna element, 82 a directional coupler for generating a circularly polarized wave, 83 a phase shifter, 84 a power divider, 85 a diple~er, 86 a transmitter, 87 a receiver, and 88 a dummy load. By changing the phase of a feed signal by the phase shifter 83 for each antenna element 81, the direction of the beam can be controlled electrically.
Figs. 6A and 6B show in combination another example of the conventional antenna structure which is simultaneously operable for transmission and for reception, Fig. 6A being ~ ~ 3 '~
its plan view and Fig. 6B its sectional view takell on the line C-C' in Fig. 6A. Reference numeral 61 indicates an annular microstrip antenna ta radiation concluctor for reception), and 62 a circular mlcrostrip antenna (a radi~
S ation conductor for transmission). These antennas are fed from their back sides independently of each other through a transmitting feeder 66 and a receiving Eeeder 68 to a transmitting feeding point 63 and a receiving feeding point 63, respectively. With this structure, the annular micro-strip antenna 61 and the microstrip antenna 62 resonate inreeeive and transmit frequeney bands, respectively. In this example, reference numeral 64 is a conducting ground plane, and 65 a dielectrie substra-te.
The antenna for cireularly polarized waves usually employed in mobile communication can be implemented by feeding at two points as mentioned above in connection with Figs. 5A, 5B and 6A, 6B, and there has also been well known a circular polarized antenna of one-poin-t feeding whlch has only one feeding point as shown in Figs. 7A and 7B. In Figs. 7A and 7B the function of an antenna for circularly polarized waves which has only one feeding point 73 is obtainable by the additional provision of protrusions 72 on a radiation conductor 71. In this example, reference numeral 74 is a conducting ground plane, 75 a dielectric plate, and 76 a feeder.
In case of constructing a phased array antenna through use of the above-descrihed prior art, the wide-band micro-strip antenna or dual-frequency resonance type microstrip antenna shown in Fiys. 5A and 5B poses a prob1em as the~ are complex in clesign and construction.
In addition, since the feeding portion is co~mon to transmission and reception and the phased of transmission and recepti~n are controlled by -the same phase shifter 83 as shown in Fig. 8, the prior art possesses a shortcoming that -transmission and received beams do not correspond to each other owing to a difference in frequency therebetween, and the diplexer 85 which mus-t be provided between the phase shifters 83 and the transmi-tter 86 and the receiver 87 for separating transmission and received signals makes the feeding portion bulky. Reference numeral 81 indicates antenna elements, 82 directional couplers, 84 a power combiner/divider, 85 a diplexer, and 8~ a dummy load.
The antenna structure having an annular microstrip antenna and a circular microstrip an-tenna disposed thereon, shown in Figs. 6A and 6B, does not call for a diplexer or circulator, because a feeding point for transmission 63 and a receiving feeding point 67 are sufficiently isolated from each other electrically. Howeverl this antenna struc-ture is two-layer and hence is more complex in cons-truc-tion and heavier than an antenna of a one-layer s-tructure, and the manufacture of this antenna involves many steps and requires high machining accuracy.
The circular polarized antenna of one-point feeding depicted in Figs. 7A and 7B is not suitable as an antenna for wide-band communications, because it is narrow-band rather than the usual microstrip antenna and has Erequency dependence of its axial ratio.
The present invention i5 intended to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and thereEore -to provide a microstrip antenna of two-Ereq~lellcy separate feediny type which is small in size and easy to m~nufacture.
The present invention will now be described.
~Embodiment 1) Figs. lA and lB illustrate in combination a first embodiment of the present invention as being applied to a microstrip antenna in which one side of each radiation conductor is short~circuited. Fig. lA is a plan view of the antenna and Fig. lB a sectional view taken on the line A-A' in Fig. lA. As shown, four radia-tion conductors 111 through 114 are disposed on a dielectric plate 15 and are short-circuited to a conducting ground plane 14 via shor-t-circuiting conductors 121 through 124, respectively. Refer-ence numerals 131 to 134 denote feeding points of the radiation conductors 111 to 114, respectively, which are fed with power ~rom its back side through feeclers ~a feeder 161 at a feeding point 131). The radiation conductors 111 and 112 are of the same size and have the sarne resonance fre-quency tuned to a frequency of a transmitting wave, whereas the radiation conductors 113 and 114 are of the same size and have -the same resonance frequency tuned -to a frequency of a receiving wave. Consequently, the radiation conductors 111 and 113 are different in size.
As regards transmission, signals fed in phase to the radiation conductors 111 and 112 are thereby rendered into a circularly polarized wave, which must be formed within the half wavelength of the frequency used, as is well-known in the art. The same is true o:E reception, because of reversi~
bility of the antenna and the .rece:iviny antenna is Eormed by the radiation conductors 113 and 114 for receivin~ the circularly polarized wave. The radiation conductors 111, 112 for transmission and the radiation conductors 113, 114 for reception are disposed in such a manner as not to in-terfere with each other. To mee-t wi-th these requirements, the radiation conductors 111, 11.2, 113 and 114 are disposed as shown in Fig. 1, and for each radiati.on conduc-tor, a plane passing through its feeding point and perpendicular to the corresponding short-circuiting conductor (a plane A-A' for the conductor 111, for instance) forms a rectangle or square on the dielectric plate 15.
By limiting the sizes of the radiation conductors 111 through 114 to the bandwidths necessary for transmission and recep-tion it is possible to prevent the coupling between transmission and reception from constituting an obs-tacle to communications. The feeding points 131 and 132 are each connected from the back side of the conducting ground plane 14 to a transmitter via a feeder and a directiorlal coupler.
Since the radiation conductors 111 and 112 generate linearly po]arized waves perpendicularly intersecting each other, a transmitting circularly polarized wave can be generated by feeding from a direc-tional coupler 421 through feeder 463 and 464 to feeding points as shown in Fig. 4A so that the phases of feeding are displaced 90~ apar-t from each other.
Whether the polarized wave is right-handed or left~handed is determined by the direction of connection oE the directional coupler. For reception as well, a circularly polarized wave is rece.ived via radiation concluctors 411 and 412, .eeeders 461 and 462 and a dlrectional coupler 420 on the same principle as mentioned above to a receiver. A phased array antenna with a plurality of such antennas arrayed as shown in Fig. 4B has a wide-angle radiation characteristic, dispenses with the diplexer and the circulator, and is free from disagreement between transmission and reception beams.
In this case, reference numeral 42 is a directional coupler, 43 a phase shifter 43. A transmitter 47 is connected to phase shifters 43 throuyh a power divider 44b~ For reception, the outputs of phase shifters are app]ied to a receiver 66 after combining by a power combiner 44a.
The one side-shorted microstrip antenna for use ln the present invention has already been proposed (Haneishi, et al., "On Radiation Characteristics of One Side Shorted Microstrip Antenna," '83 National Convention of Institute o~
Electronics and Comm~nication Engineers of Japan, Pro-ceedings No. 3, pp 7A3, the Institute of E]ectronics and Communication Engineers of Japan, March 5, 1983). In this antenna the radiation conductors used are as small as about one-halE that an ordinary microstrip antennas, and conse-quently, the microstrip antenna of the present invention can be miniaturized.
(Embodiment 2) Fig. 2 illustrates a second embodiment of ths present invention, in which short-circuiting conductors 281 through 284 are provided between rectangular one side shorted micros-trip radiation conductors 211 through 214 and a conducting ground plane (a plane 24 not shown but provided 5~' 8 ~
at the back sLde of the dielectric plane similarly to the conducting ground plane 14 in E'ig. lB), in addition to shor-t-circuit:Lng conductors 221 through 224. ~eference numerals 231 through 234 are feeding poin-ts feeding through feeders not shown. The short-circuiting conductors 281 through 284 shown to be pin-t~pe but may also be replaced by short-circui-ting pla-tes, solder, or electrolytic plating. With the short-circuiting pins, a rnicrostrip antenna of excellent impedance matching can easily be implemented. When the influence of mutual coupling is present, the axial ratio may sometimes be degraded, but the provision of the short-circuiting pins permits correction oE
phase, and hence makes it possible to obtain a microstrip antenna of an excellent axial ratio.
~Embodiment 3) Fig. 3A illustrates another embodiment in which the radiation conductors 111 -through 114 in Embodiment 1 are partly cut away to prepare radiation conductors 311 through 314. The present invention is applicable as well -to such radi.ation conductnrs. In this case, reference numerals 331 to 334 are feeding poin-ts feeding from its back side b~
feeders not shown; and 35 a dielectric plate.
(Embodiment 4) Fig. 3B illustrates another embodiment in which short-circuiting pins 381 through 384 are providecl in Embodiment 3. The present invention is equally applicable to such a configuration.
As described above, according to the present invention, 3 ~ ~
a small/ lightwelght and easy-to-manufacture microstrip antenna which is capable of si.multaneously transmitting and receiving circularly polari~ed waves oE -two frequencies can be implemented by arranginy two pairs of one side shorted microstrip antennas of different si~es, that is, a total of four microstrip antennas, on the same plane.
By employing such an antenna as one element of a phased array antenna, a small, two-frequency separate feeding type antenna for circularly polari~ed waves, which has a wide-angle radiation characteristic, can be implemented on thesame plane.
Incidentally, if the short-circuiting sides of the microstrip antenna by electrolytic platin~ or the like, then the antenna of the present invention could easily be fabri-lS cated through use of a conventional printed-board manu-facturing step.
The present invention relates to a mlcrostrlp ant~nna of two-frequency separate~feeding type for circularly polarized waves which is employed for various radio communications.
A microstrip antenna ls of wide applicatlon as an antenna for varlous communica-tions, because lt has a planar structure of a thickness sufficlently small as compared wlth the wavelength used and ls lightweight. With a phased array antenna using a plurality o~ such microstrip antennas it is possible to electrically change a beam of radio wave by controlling the phase shift amount of a phase shifter con-nected to each antenna element. Such a phased array antenna features its thin, small and lightwelght structure, and hence is expected to be applied to mobile communication and the like.
As is well-known in the art, the micro~trip antenna is narrow-band. For example, assuming that a voltage standing wave ratio o~ the antenna, i.e. a crikerlon upon which to determine whether or not the antenna can be put to praatlcal use, is 2 or below, the bandwidth of the microstrip antenna whlch satisfles the ratlo is a9 ~mall as several percents with respect to the center frequency, though it depends on the characterlstic of a dielectric plate used. This means that an ordinary microstrip antenna cannot be used for communications ln which transmit and receive radio wa~Ps higher than such a bandwidth as mentioned above, To solve this problem, mlcrostrip antennas o~ various struotures have been proposed so far.
$ ~
However, conventional art has defects such as compli-cated structure and difficulty in fabrica~ion.
SUL~MARY OF THE INVENTION
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a microstrip ante~na of two-fre~uency separate~
feeding type for circularly polarized waves which is small in size and easy to manufacture.
With a view to solviny the above-noted problems, the microstrip antenna of the present invention features a structure in which four radiation conductors are disposed on a dielectric plate mounted on a conducting ground plane and each radiation conductor has its marginal portion partly short-circuited via a short-circuiting conductor to the conducting ground plane and is supplied at its ~eeding point with power via a feeder passing through the conducting ground plane and the dielectric plate, and in which the four radiation conductors are composed o~ two pairs of radiation conductors of different sizes adjusted so that two desired frequencies can simul-taneously be used for transmission and for reception, respectively, the conductors of each pair being arranged to generate a circularly polarized wave.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention will be described in detail below in comparison with prior art with reference to accompanying drawings, in which:
Figs. lA and lB are a plan view and a sec-tional view taken on the line A-A' therein, both illustrating an embodi-ment of the present invention;
Figs. 2, 3A and 3B are plan views illustrating other embodiments of the present invention;
Fig. 4A is a block diagram showiny transmitting-receiviny equipment ln which a transmitting device and a receiving device are connected to the microstrip antenna of two-frequency separate-feeding type for circularly polarized waves according to the present, shown in Fig. 1, 2, 3A, or 3B;
Fig. 4B ls a block diagram illustrating a phased array antenna which is formed, as antenna elements, by the use of the microstrip antenna of two-frequency separate-feeding type for circularly polarized waves of the present invention shown in Fig. 1, 2, 3A or 3B;
Figs. 5A and 5B are a plan view and a sectional view taken on the line B-B' illustrating a conventional micro-s-trip antenna for circularly polarized waves designed for wide-band use;
Figs. 6A and 6B are a plan view and a seckional view taken on the line C-C' for illustrating a conventional microstrip antenna oE two-fre~uency separate feeding type for circularly polarized ~aves;
Figs. 7A and 7B are a plan view and a sectional view taken on the line D-D', showing a conventional one-point feeding type microstrip antenna for circularly polarized waves; and Fig. 8 is a block diagram showing a phased array antenna employing the conventional wide-band micros-trip antenna for circularly polarized waves depicted in Fig. 3.
~J:~J~
D~TA~I.ED DESCRIPTIOM
To make cliEferences between prior art ancl the present invention clear, examples of prior art will first be described.
S Figs. 5A and 5B show in combina-tion an examples of the structure of a conventional microstrip an-tenna intended for enhanced bandwiclth, Fig. SA being a plan view and Fig. 5B a sectional view taken on the line B-B' in Fig. 5A. Reference numeral 51 indicakes a radiation conductor, 52 a passive radiation conductor, 53 and 53' feeding points, 54 a grounded conductor, 55 dielectric substrate, and 56 a feeder. The feeding point 53 is connected to the feeder 56 feeding via a connector provided on the grounded conductor 54. With the structure of this example, an antenna which resonates in the transmi-tting or receiving fre~uency band can be obtained by adjustment of the sizes of the radiation conductor 51 and the passive radiation conductor 52.
Fig. 8 is block diagram showing a conventional phasecl array antenna using microstrip an-tennas exemplified in E'ig.
5. Reference numeral 81 indicates each an-tenna element, 82 a directional coupler for generating a circularly polarized wave, 83 a phase shifter, 84 a power divider, 85 a diple~er, 86 a transmitter, 87 a receiver, and 88 a dummy load. By changing the phase of a feed signal by the phase shifter 83 for each antenna element 81, the direction of the beam can be controlled electrically.
Figs. 6A and 6B show in combination another example of the conventional antenna structure which is simultaneously operable for transmission and for reception, Fig. 6A being ~ ~ 3 '~
its plan view and Fig. 6B its sectional view takell on the line C-C' in Fig. 6A. Reference numeral 61 indicates an annular microstrip antenna ta radiation concluctor for reception), and 62 a circular mlcrostrip antenna (a radi~
S ation conductor for transmission). These antennas are fed from their back sides independently of each other through a transmitting feeder 66 and a receiving Eeeder 68 to a transmitting feeding point 63 and a receiving feeding point 63, respectively. With this structure, the annular micro-strip antenna 61 and the microstrip antenna 62 resonate inreeeive and transmit frequeney bands, respectively. In this example, reference numeral 64 is a conducting ground plane, and 65 a dielectrie substra-te.
The antenna for cireularly polarized waves usually employed in mobile communication can be implemented by feeding at two points as mentioned above in connection with Figs. 5A, 5B and 6A, 6B, and there has also been well known a circular polarized antenna of one-poin-t feeding whlch has only one feeding point as shown in Figs. 7A and 7B. In Figs. 7A and 7B the function of an antenna for circularly polarized waves which has only one feeding point 73 is obtainable by the additional provision of protrusions 72 on a radiation conductor 71. In this example, reference numeral 74 is a conducting ground plane, 75 a dielectric plate, and 76 a feeder.
In case of constructing a phased array antenna through use of the above-descrihed prior art, the wide-band micro-strip antenna or dual-frequency resonance type microstrip antenna shown in Fiys. 5A and 5B poses a prob1em as the~ are complex in clesign and construction.
In addition, since the feeding portion is co~mon to transmission and reception and the phased of transmission and recepti~n are controlled by -the same phase shifter 83 as shown in Fig. 8, the prior art possesses a shortcoming that -transmission and received beams do not correspond to each other owing to a difference in frequency therebetween, and the diplexer 85 which mus-t be provided between the phase shifters 83 and the transmi-tter 86 and the receiver 87 for separating transmission and received signals makes the feeding portion bulky. Reference numeral 81 indicates antenna elements, 82 directional couplers, 84 a power combiner/divider, 85 a diplexer, and 8~ a dummy load.
The antenna structure having an annular microstrip antenna and a circular microstrip an-tenna disposed thereon, shown in Figs. 6A and 6B, does not call for a diplexer or circulator, because a feeding point for transmission 63 and a receiving feeding point 67 are sufficiently isolated from each other electrically. Howeverl this antenna struc-ture is two-layer and hence is more complex in cons-truc-tion and heavier than an antenna of a one-layer s-tructure, and the manufacture of this antenna involves many steps and requires high machining accuracy.
The circular polarized antenna of one-point feeding depicted in Figs. 7A and 7B is not suitable as an antenna for wide-band communications, because it is narrow-band rather than the usual microstrip antenna and has Erequency dependence of its axial ratio.
The present invention i5 intended to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and thereEore -to provide a microstrip antenna of two-Ereq~lellcy separate feediny type which is small in size and easy to m~nufacture.
The present invention will now be described.
~Embodiment 1) Figs. lA and lB illustrate in combination a first embodiment of the present invention as being applied to a microstrip antenna in which one side of each radiation conductor is short~circuited. Fig. lA is a plan view of the antenna and Fig. lB a sectional view taken on the line A-A' in Fig. lA. As shown, four radia-tion conductors 111 through 114 are disposed on a dielectric plate 15 and are short-circuited to a conducting ground plane 14 via shor-t-circuiting conductors 121 through 124, respectively. Refer-ence numerals 131 to 134 denote feeding points of the radiation conductors 111 to 114, respectively, which are fed with power ~rom its back side through feeclers ~a feeder 161 at a feeding point 131). The radiation conductors 111 and 112 are of the same size and have the sarne resonance fre-quency tuned to a frequency of a transmitting wave, whereas the radiation conductors 113 and 114 are of the same size and have -the same resonance frequency tuned -to a frequency of a receiving wave. Consequently, the radiation conductors 111 and 113 are different in size.
As regards transmission, signals fed in phase to the radiation conductors 111 and 112 are thereby rendered into a circularly polarized wave, which must be formed within the half wavelength of the frequency used, as is well-known in the art. The same is true o:E reception, because of reversi~
bility of the antenna and the .rece:iviny antenna is Eormed by the radiation conductors 113 and 114 for receivin~ the circularly polarized wave. The radiation conductors 111, 112 for transmission and the radiation conductors 113, 114 for reception are disposed in such a manner as not to in-terfere with each other. To mee-t wi-th these requirements, the radiation conductors 111, 11.2, 113 and 114 are disposed as shown in Fig. 1, and for each radiati.on conduc-tor, a plane passing through its feeding point and perpendicular to the corresponding short-circuiting conductor (a plane A-A' for the conductor 111, for instance) forms a rectangle or square on the dielectric plate 15.
By limiting the sizes of the radiation conductors 111 through 114 to the bandwidths necessary for transmission and recep-tion it is possible to prevent the coupling between transmission and reception from constituting an obs-tacle to communications. The feeding points 131 and 132 are each connected from the back side of the conducting ground plane 14 to a transmitter via a feeder and a directiorlal coupler.
Since the radiation conductors 111 and 112 generate linearly po]arized waves perpendicularly intersecting each other, a transmitting circularly polarized wave can be generated by feeding from a direc-tional coupler 421 through feeder 463 and 464 to feeding points as shown in Fig. 4A so that the phases of feeding are displaced 90~ apar-t from each other.
Whether the polarized wave is right-handed or left~handed is determined by the direction of connection oE the directional coupler. For reception as well, a circularly polarized wave is rece.ived via radiation concluctors 411 and 412, .eeeders 461 and 462 and a dlrectional coupler 420 on the same principle as mentioned above to a receiver. A phased array antenna with a plurality of such antennas arrayed as shown in Fig. 4B has a wide-angle radiation characteristic, dispenses with the diplexer and the circulator, and is free from disagreement between transmission and reception beams.
In this case, reference numeral 42 is a directional coupler, 43 a phase shifter 43. A transmitter 47 is connected to phase shifters 43 throuyh a power divider 44b~ For reception, the outputs of phase shifters are app]ied to a receiver 66 after combining by a power combiner 44a.
The one side-shorted microstrip antenna for use ln the present invention has already been proposed (Haneishi, et al., "On Radiation Characteristics of One Side Shorted Microstrip Antenna," '83 National Convention of Institute o~
Electronics and Comm~nication Engineers of Japan, Pro-ceedings No. 3, pp 7A3, the Institute of E]ectronics and Communication Engineers of Japan, March 5, 1983). In this antenna the radiation conductors used are as small as about one-halE that an ordinary microstrip antennas, and conse-quently, the microstrip antenna of the present invention can be miniaturized.
(Embodiment 2) Fig. 2 illustrates a second embodiment of ths present invention, in which short-circuiting conductors 281 through 284 are provided between rectangular one side shorted micros-trip radiation conductors 211 through 214 and a conducting ground plane (a plane 24 not shown but provided 5~' 8 ~
at the back sLde of the dielectric plane similarly to the conducting ground plane 14 in E'ig. lB), in addition to shor-t-circuit:Lng conductors 221 through 224. ~eference numerals 231 through 234 are feeding poin-ts feeding through feeders not shown. The short-circuiting conductors 281 through 284 shown to be pin-t~pe but may also be replaced by short-circui-ting pla-tes, solder, or electrolytic plating. With the short-circuiting pins, a rnicrostrip antenna of excellent impedance matching can easily be implemented. When the influence of mutual coupling is present, the axial ratio may sometimes be degraded, but the provision of the short-circuiting pins permits correction oE
phase, and hence makes it possible to obtain a microstrip antenna of an excellent axial ratio.
~Embodiment 3) Fig. 3A illustrates another embodiment in which the radiation conductors 111 -through 114 in Embodiment 1 are partly cut away to prepare radiation conductors 311 through 314. The present invention is applicable as well -to such radi.ation conductnrs. In this case, reference numerals 331 to 334 are feeding poin-ts feeding from its back side b~
feeders not shown; and 35 a dielectric plate.
(Embodiment 4) Fig. 3B illustrates another embodiment in which short-circuiting pins 381 through 384 are providecl in Embodiment 3. The present invention is equally applicable to such a configuration.
As described above, according to the present invention, 3 ~ ~
a small/ lightwelght and easy-to-manufacture microstrip antenna which is capable of si.multaneously transmitting and receiving circularly polari~ed waves oE -two frequencies can be implemented by arranginy two pairs of one side shorted microstrip antennas of different si~es, that is, a total of four microstrip antennas, on the same plane.
By employing such an antenna as one element of a phased array antenna, a small, two-frequency separate feeding type antenna for circularly polari~ed waves, which has a wide-angle radiation characteristic, can be implemented on thesame plane.
Incidentally, if the short-circuiting sides of the microstrip antenna by electrolytic platin~ or the like, then the antenna of the present invention could easily be fabri-lS cated through use of a conventional printed-board manu-facturing step.
Claims (4)
- What we claim is:
l. A microstrip antenna of two-frequency separate-feeding type for circularly polarized waves in which four radiation conductors are disposed on a dielectric plate mounted on a conducting ground plane and each radiation conductor has its marginal portion partly short-circuited via a short-circuiting conductor to the conducting ground plane and is supplied at its feeding point with power via feeder passing through the conducting ground plane and the dielectric plate, and in which the four radiation conductors are composed of two pairs of radiation conductors of different sizes adjusted so that two desired frequencies can simultaneously be used for transmission and for reception, respectively, the conductors of each pair being arranged to generate a circularly polarized wave. - 2. A microstrip antenna of two-frequency separate-feeding type according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the four radiation conductors is provided with short-circuiting means whereby a portion of the radiation conductor adjacent other portion thereof short-circuited by the short-circuiting conductor is short-circuited to the conducting ground plane at a position different from that of the short-circuiting conductor.
- 3. A microstrip antenna of two-frequency separate-feeding type according to claim 2, characterized in that the shorcircuiting means is one or more short-circuiting pins.
- 4. A microstrip antenna of two-frequency separate-feeding type according to claim 2, characterized in that the short-circuiting means is provided by soldering or electrolytic plating in a plurality of through holes extending through the radiation conductors and the conducting ground plane.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP30725889A JPH03166803A (en) | 1989-11-27 | 1989-11-27 | Microstrip antenna for separately feeding two-frequency circular polarized wave |
| JP307258/89 | 1989-11-27 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2030886A1 CA2030886A1 (en) | 1991-05-28 |
| CA2030886C true CA2030886C (en) | 1998-04-14 |
Family
ID=17966941
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2030886 Expired - Fee Related CA2030886C (en) | 1989-11-27 | 1990-11-26 | Microstrip antenna of two-frequency separate-feeding type for circularly polarized waves |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH03166803A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2030886C (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2238665B (en) |
Families Citing this family (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4135828A1 (en) * | 1991-10-30 | 1993-05-06 | Deutsche Forschungsanstalt Fuer Luft- Und Raumfahrt E.V., 5300 Bonn, De | ANTENNA ARRANGEMENT |
| JP3192252B2 (en) * | 1992-12-08 | 2001-07-23 | 電気興業株式会社 | Microwave power distribution circuit |
| JPH08510622A (en) * | 1994-03-08 | 1996-11-05 | セテルコ セルラー テレフォーン カンパニー アー／エス | Handy transmitter / receiver |
| CA2164669C (en) | 1994-12-28 | 2000-01-18 | Martin Victor Schneider | Multi-branch miniature patch antenna having polarization and share diversity |
| JPH11239020A (en) * | 1997-04-18 | 1999-08-31 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | Circular polarizing antenna and radio device using same |
| US6314275B1 (en) | 1997-08-19 | 2001-11-06 | Telit Mobile Terminals, S.P.A. | Hand-held transmitting and/or receiving apparatus |
| JP3252786B2 (en) * | 1998-02-24 | 2002-02-04 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Antenna device and wireless device using the same |
| GB2385467B (en) * | 2002-02-19 | 2005-09-14 | Harada Ind | Integrated vehicular antenna system with selectable feedline positioning |
| JP2003332840A (en) * | 2002-05-13 | 2003-11-21 | Toshiba Corp | Antenna device and radio equipment the same |
| DE10231961B3 (en) * | 2002-07-15 | 2004-02-12 | Kathrein-Werke Kg | Low-profile dual or multi-band antenna, especially for motor vehicles |
| JP4070645B2 (en) * | 2003-03-20 | 2008-04-02 | クラリオン株式会社 | Planar antenna |
| EP1622221A1 (en) * | 2004-02-11 | 2006-02-01 | Sony Deutschland GmbH | Circular polarised array antenna |
| EP1564843A1 (en) * | 2004-02-11 | 2005-08-17 | Sony International (Europe) GmbH | Circular polarised array antenna |
| JP2005278220A (en) * | 2005-05-20 | 2005-10-06 | Fec Inc | Antenna element for mobile communication terminal |
| JP4662070B2 (en) * | 2006-11-30 | 2011-03-30 | 日本無線株式会社 | Dual frequency double orthogonal polarization waveguide slot array antenna and double orthogonal polarization communication system |
| JP2009088625A (en) * | 2007-09-27 | 2009-04-23 | Dx Antenna Co Ltd | Antenna |
| EP2159878A1 (en) * | 2008-08-28 | 2010-03-03 | ERA Technology Limited | Stacked patch antenna array |
| US20110128201A1 (en) * | 2009-11-30 | 2011-06-02 | Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute | Circularly polarized antenna in wireless communication system and method for manufacturing the same |
| JP2014027417A (en) * | 2012-07-25 | 2014-02-06 | Denso Wave Inc | Antenna |
| JP6083142B2 (en) * | 2012-07-25 | 2017-02-22 | 株式会社デンソーウェーブ | Antenna device |
| CN103975485B (en) | 2013-12-02 | 2015-11-25 | 广东通宇通讯股份有限公司 | Antenna for base station feeding network |
| JP2016226056A (en) * | 2016-10-04 | 2016-12-28 | 株式会社デンソーウェーブ | Antenna device |
| JP6787041B2 (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2020-11-18 | 株式会社デンソーウェーブ | antenna |
| JP7118556B2 (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2022-08-16 | アルパイン株式会社 | antenna device |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2198290B (en) * | 1986-11-29 | 1990-05-09 | Stc Plc | Dual band circularly polarised antenna with hemispherical coverage |
| GB2229319B (en) * | 1989-01-20 | 1993-10-20 | Antenna Products Ltd | Antenna |
-
1989
- 1989-11-27 JP JP30725889A patent/JPH03166803A/en active Pending
-
1990
- 1990-11-26 CA CA 2030886 patent/CA2030886C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-11-26 GB GB9025672A patent/GB2238665B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2030886A1 (en) | 1991-05-28 |
| GB2238665A (en) | 1991-06-05 |
| GB9025672D0 (en) | 1991-01-09 |
| GB2238665B (en) | 1993-12-22 |
| JPH03166803A (en) | 1991-07-18 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |