This page displays results from searches for redshift-independent
(metric) distances for individual objects. These distances have been
extracted from the published literature and are based on a variety of
distance indicators such as Cepheids, RR Lyrae stars, supernovae,
etc. These distances are distinct from and independent of expansion
rate distances as calculated and displayed in NED's "Basic Data"; the
latter depend on a selected value of the Hubble constant, modified by
a variety of cosmological and/or local flow model parameters.
No attempt has been made to place these distances on a consistent zero
point; they are distances as published. For the "Individually
Referenced Moduli and Distances" the values are grouped by method and
within each group they are sorted by increasing distance modulus. The
metric distances complied here were gathered from the literature for NED
by the amateur astronomer Ian Steer, working independently from his base
in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
The top section of this page displays a Summary Statistics table
of NED's distances for the object. The first column gives
the mean distance modulus with the standard deviation of the mean,
and the minimum and maximum distance moduli, all in magnitudes.
The second column of the summary table gives the same information
in megaparsecs. The means and standard deviations are calculated
by NED from the available distances; no values are rejected.
The "Individually Referenced Moduli and Distances" table has the following
columns:
| |
| m-M | Distance modulus in magnitudes. |
| err(m-M) | Error in the distance modulus, if given, also in
magnitudes. |
| D(Mpc) | Distance in megaparsecs. |
| Method | Method used to determine the distance (see below).
|
| RefCode | Reference Code for the article in which the
distance is derived. |
| Notes | Notes and qualifiers, usually self-explanatory
(see below). |
| SN Name | If the distance depends on one of the SNe methods,
the supernova name is listed here. |
| Redshift | Redshift of the object or host galaxy, if used to
convert a luminoity distance modulus to metric
distance, e.g. for Type Ia SNe. |
| H0 | Adopted Hubble parameter in km/sec/Mpc, if
not H = 70. |
| Adopted LMC modulus | Adopted LMC distance modulus if not
(m-M) = 18.50. |
| |
| BL LAC M | BL Lac absolute magnitudes | |
| Blue SG | Blue supergiants | |
| BS | Brightest star luminosities |
| Brightest Stars | Brightest star luminosities |
| BWC stars | Baade-Wesselink Method (Cepheids) | |
| C stars | Carbon stars | |
| Cepheid | Period-luminosity (Leavitt Law) relation for Cepheid variables |
| CMD | Color-magnitude diagrams | |
| Delta Scuti | Delta Scuti stars (high amplitude) | |
| Dwarf Cepheids | Dwarf Cepheids | |
| EB | Eclipsing binaries |
| FP | Fundamental plane |
| GB | Giant branch fitting | |
| GC radii | Globular cluster radii | |
| GCFP | Globular cluster fundamental plane | |
| GCLF | Globular cluster luminosity function |
| GCSBF | Globular cluster surface brightness fluctuations | |
| GCD | Globular cluster dynamics | |
| HII Regions | HII region diameters |
| Horizontal Branch | Horizontal branch absolute magnitude | |
| M Stars | M stars | |
| Masers | Masers |
| Mira/LPV | Miras and long-period variables | |
| Novae | Novae | |
| PAGB stars | Post-asymptotic giant branch stars | |
| PM | Proper motions |
| PNLF | Planetary nebula luminosity function |
| Red Clump | Red clump |
| RR Lyrae | RR Lyrae variable stars |
| RSV | RSV stars | |
| SBF | Surface brightness fluctuations (I-band) |
| SDF | Sub-dwarf fitting | |
| SNIa | Type Ia supernovae |
| SNII opt | Type II supernovae (optical) |
| SNII rad | Type II supernovae (radio) |
| Sosies | "Look-alike" galaxies |
| TRGB | Tip of the red giant branch (I-band luminosity function cutoff) |
| Tully-Fisher | Tully-Fisher relation |
| WDCS | White dwarf cooling sequence | |
| |
| A82 | Aaronson et al. 1982 data | |
| AC | Anomalous Cepheid | |
| ALLFRAME | Analysis software | |
| B | Blue (0.44 microns) magnitude | |
| BW | Baade-Wesselink corrected | |
| CF | Courteau-Faber et al 1993 (1993ApJ...412L..51C) data | |
| C-stars | Carbon stars | |
| cor | corrected | |
| cte | Charge-transfer-effect corrected | |
| DAPHOT | Analysis software | |
| Edat | Elliptical galaxy data | |
| EPM | Expanding photosphere (Baade-Wesselink) method | |
| EROS | Experience de Researches d'Objects Sombres | |
| Feast99 | Feast et al. 1999 PL relation | |
| FM | Fundamental Mode | |
| FO | First Overtone | |
| GC | Globular Cluster | |
| GCLF | Globular Cluster Luminosity Function | |
| g | Green | |
| H | H-band (1.65 microns) magnitude | |
| HIPP | Hipparcos | |
| HMCL | Han-Mould et al. 1992 (1992ApJ...396..453H) cluster data | |
| HSTKP | Hubble Space Telescope Key Project | |
| I | I-band (0.85 microns) magnitude | |
| inv | Inverse Tully-Fisher relation | |
| ISB | Infrared surface brightness | |
| J | J-band (1.25 microns) magnitude | |
| K | K-band (2.2 microns) magnitude | |
| KN04 LMC | Kanbur and Ngeow 2004 (2004MNRAS.350..962K) PL relation | |
| KN06 LMC | Kanbur and Ngeow 2006 (2006MNRAS.369..705K) PL relation | |
| KP | Hubble Space Telescope Key Project | |
| Ks | K_s-band (2.17 microns) magnitude | |
| LMC | Large Magellanic Cloud | |
| LMC K03 | Kanbur et al. 2003 (2003A&A...411..361K) LMC PL relation | |
| LMC STS02 | Sandage and Tammann et al. 2002 PL relation | |
| LMC W01 | Willick and Batra 2001 (2001ApJ...548..564W) PL relation | |
| LPV | Long-period variable | |
| MAT | Mathewson et al. 1992 (1992ApJS...81..413M) data | |
| MF91 | Madore and Freedman 1991 (1991PASP..103..933M) PL relation | |
| Mk III | Mark III Catalog | |
| MLCS2k2 | MLCS2k2 SNIa light curve fitter (see Jha et al 2007ApJ...659..122J) | |
| MLCS17 | MLCS2k2 SNIa light curve fitter with RV = 1.7 (see Jha et al 2007ApJ...659..122J) | |
| MLCS31 | MLCS2k2 SNIa light curve fitter with RV = 3.1 (see Jha et al 2007ApJ...659..122J) | |
| MW | Milky Way | |
| MW FSG03 | Milky Way Fouque et al. 2003 PL relation | |
| MW GFG98 | Milky Way Gieren et al. 1998 (1998ApJ...496...17G) PL relation | |
| MW GFG | Milky Way Gieren et al. 2002 PL relation | |
| MW HIPP | Milky Way Hipparcos PL relation | |
| MW P02 | Milky Way Paturel et al. 2002 (2002A&A...389...19P) PL relation | |
| MW STS03 | Milky Way Sandage and Tammann et al. 2003 PL relation | |
| NK04 MW | Milky Way Ngeow and Kanbur 2004 (2004MNRAS.349.1130N) PL relation | |
| OGLE | Optical Gravitational Lens Experiment | |
| Parallax | Parallax-based, Lutz-Kelker bias-corrected PL relation | |
| PC | Period-color relation | |
| PL | Period-luminosity relation | |
| PLC | Period-luminosity-color relation | |
| PNe | Planetary nebulae | |
| PSF | Point-spread function | |
| R | R-band (0.65 microns) magnitude | |
| r | r-band (0.65 microns) magnitude | |
| RRL | RR Lyrae variable star | |
| RSGV | Red supergiant variable star | |
| SALT | SALT SNIa light curve fitter (see Guy et al 2005A&A...443..781G) | |
| SALT2 | SALT2 SNIa light curve fitter (see Guy et al 2007A&A...466...11G) | |
| SBF | Surface brightness fluctuations | |
| SN | Supernova | |
| SNLS | Supernova Legacy Survey | |
| STR04 | Sandage et al. 2004 (2004A&A...424...43S) Milky Way PL relation | |
| STR04 | Sandage et al. 2004 (2004A&A...424...43S) LMC PL relation | |
| TD-Tully-Fisher | Hubble Type-dependent Tully-Fisher method | |
| TOM | turnover magnitude | |
| TR02 LMC | Tammann and Reindl 2002 LMC PL relation | |
| U | U-band (0.36 microns) magnitude | |
| U99 | Udalski 1999 LMC PL relation | |
| V | V-band (0.55 microns) magnitude | |
| W | Wesenheit corrected | |
| W91CL | Willick 1991, cluster data | |
| W91PP | Willick 1991, Perseus-Pisces data | |
| Z | metallicity corrected | |
| ZP | zero point | |
| z | redshift | |