Chad L Hewitt

Murdoch University, Harry Butler Institute, Faculty Member

Lincoln University NZ, Office of the Vice Chancellor, Faculty Member

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Phone: 021904120
Address: Lincoln University, Office of the Vice Chancellor, PO Box 85084 Ellesmere Junction Road, Lincoln, Canterbury 7647, NEW ZEALAND

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Papers by Chad L Hewitt

Does non‐native diversity mirror Earth's biodiversity?

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Oct 27, 2023

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial ... more

Epistemology of ignorance: the contribution of philosophy to the science-policy interface of marine biosecurity

Frontiers in Marine Science, Aug 16, 2023

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Emerging advances in biosecurity to underpin human, animal, plant, and ecosystem health

iScience

Offshore Decommissioning Horizon Scan: Research Priorities to Support Decision-Making Activities for Oil and Gas Infrastructure

SSRN Electronic Journal

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A new Progressive Management Pathway for improving seaweed biosecurity

Nature Communications

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Influence of offshore oil and gas structures on seascape ecological connectivity

Global Change Biology, 2022

Offshore platforms, subsea pipelines, wells and related fixed structures supporting the oil and g... more Offshore platforms, subsea pipelines, wells and related fixed structures supporting the oil and gas (O&G) industry are prevalent in oceans across the globe, with many approaching the end of their operational life and requiring decommissioning. Although structures can possess high ecological diversity and productivity, information on how they interact with broader ecological processes remains unclear. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on the role of O&G infrastructure in maintaining, altering or enhancing ecological connectivity with natural marine habitats. There is a paucity of studies on the subject with only 33 papers specifically targeting connectivity and O&G structures, although other studies provide important related information. Evidence for O&G structures facilitating vertical and horizontal seascape connectivity exists for larvae and mobile adult invertebrates, fish and megafauna; including threatened and commercially important species. The degree to which the...

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Diversity and patterns of marine non‐native species in the archipelagos of Macaronesia

Diversity and Distributions, 2022

AimsThe present study is the first attempt to grasp the scale and richness of marine biological i... more AimsThe present study is the first attempt to grasp the scale and richness of marine biological invasions in Macaronesia. We pioneered a comprehensive non‐native species (NNS), inventory in the region to determine their diversity patterns and native distribution origins. NNS were defined here as the result of both introductions and range expansions. We also used statistical modelling to examine relationships among NNS richness, anthropogenic activities, demographic and geographical variables across Macaronesia.LocationMacaronesia.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted for marine NNS records in Macaronesia, registering the first record's location and year from 1884 to 2020. We used univariate and multivariate analyses to evaluate differences and similarities in community composition. By applying a Generalized Linear Model (GLM), we tested hypotheses regarding NNS richness as a function of anthropogenic activities, demographic and geographical variables.ResultsA to...

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RE : There is more to Nature’s Contributions to People than Ecosystem Services – A response to de Groot et al

Science, 2018

We share many of the views of de Groot et al. on the relevance of ecosystem services (ES) and the... more We share many of the views of de Groot et al. on the relevance of ecosystem services (ES) and the constructive role they have played in highlighting the importance of nature to people. Here we aim to further clarify how the concept of Nature’s Contribution to People (NCP) contributes to science and policy.It was not the aim of our article to review the literature on ecosystem services (ES). The point of our article was to explain the concept of NCP not to review the extensive ES literature. We are in full agreement that the influence of ES has been long and rich, from its first mention in the peer-reviewed literature (1) to the present. As explicitly stated in our articles (2, 3) and further clarified in our figure S1, the IPBES approach owes much to the influence of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) (4). The NCP framing has a number of elements that were present in the MA, as well as new elements.Ecosystem services are a subset of NCP, but there is more to NCP than ES. Beyon...

Assessing nature's contributions to people

Science (New York, N.Y.), Jan 19, 2018

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Defining the Spatial Extent of New Zealand's Coastal Zone

Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science

Introduced macroalgae – growing problems

ABSTRACT

Mapping the Australian ballast water uptake and deballasting contingency zones

Development and evaluation of a PCR-based test for detection of Asterias (Echinodermata : Asteroidea) larvae in Australian plankton samples from ballast water

Marine and Freshwater Research, 2003

The northern Pacific seastar, Asterias amurensis, spread to Tasmania in the 1980s from its native... more The northern Pacific seastar, Asterias amurensis, spread to Tasmania in the 1980s from its native range in the North Pacific. The seastar has subsequently established in Port Phillip Bay on mainland Australia. Transportation of larvae in ballast water is one vector for these introductions and is likely to contribute to additional range expansion of this species. Larval identification methods are critical to assess risks of further transport to uninvaded ecosystems; however, morphological identification of larval asteroids is impractical and unreliable. Therefore, we have developed a sensitive PCR-based method that specifically detects Asterias DNA. The method works on isolated seastar larva, mixed plankton and ballast water samples. Trials using uninfected ballast water samples spiked with known numbers of A. amurensis larvae indicate that the technique can detect single larva in 200 mg of plankton. The test also detects other Asterias species; therefore, discrimination between seastars within the genus Asterias was accomplished using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Currently, this method is being used to facilitate research on ballast water transport, distribution and the ecology of A. amurensis larvae. The general approach can be expanded to provide a rapid and cost-effective approach for detecting a suite of marine species in ballast water and environmental samples.

Latitudinal Patterns of Biological Invasions in Marine Ecosystems: A Polar Perspective

Smithsonian at the poles : contributions to International Polar Year science, 2009

Toward Understanding Patterns of Coastal Marine Invasions: A Prospectus

Invasive Aquatic Species of Europe. Distribution, Impacts and Management, 2002

Understanding invasion patterns and processes depends greatly upon empirical measures. Although o... more Understanding invasion patterns and processes depends greatly upon empirical measures. Although observation and theory have resulted in a conceptual framework for invasion ecology, the empirical data needed to rigorously test many key hypotheses and develop robust predictions lag far behind. This gap is especially conspicuous for marine systems, existing both in the quality and quantity of descriptive data. At the present time, most analyses that evaluate patterns of invasion or test specific hypotheses derive data from the ...

Risk Assessment of Marine Biological Invasions

Invasive Aquatic Species of Europe. Distribution, Impacts and Management, 2002

Risk Assessment of Marine Biological Invasions.

Marine Biosecurity Issues in the World Oceans: Global Activities and Australian Directions

Ocean Yearbook Online, 2003

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Invasion success: does size really matter?

Ecology Letters, 2002

The recent paper by Roy et al. (2001) presents a compelling relationship between range limit shif... more The recent paper by Roy et al. (2001) presents a compelling relationship between range limit shifts, climatic fluctuations, and body size for marine bivalves in the fossil record. However, their extension of body size as a correlate for contemporary marine bivalve introductions is problematic and requires further scrutiny. Unlike their analysis of the fossil assemblage, the approach used for contemporary invasions does not adequately control for dispersal mechanism (vector) or source region. First, their analysis included mariculture species, intentionally introduced because of their large size, creating a vector‐specific bias. Second, successful invaders from multiple source regions (Northern Hemisphere) were compared with potential invaders from a single source region (north‐eastern Pacific), leaving both source and vector as uncontrolled variables. We present an analysis of body size for bivalve introductions from a single vector and source region, indicating no correlation betwe...

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A hydrozoan, Zanclella bryozoophila n.gen., n.sp. (Zancleidae), symbiotic with a bryozoan, with a discussion of the Zancleoidea

Canadian Journal of Zoology, 1992

A new genus and species of hydroid, Zanclella bryozoophila, symbiotic with bryozoans is described... more A new genus and species of hydroid, Zanclella bryozoophila, symbiotic with bryozoans is described. The colony is polymorphic and highly integrated with its bryozoan host. The gastrozooids have one or, rarely, two tentacles; dactylozooids are without tentacles. The medusa stage is reduced to liberable eumedusoids produced on the hydrorhiza, and has exumbrellar nematocyst chambers. The cnidome of both stages consists of stenoteles and macrobasic euryteles. General morphology and cnidome structure place this newly described form in the Zancleidae. A new genus is recognized on the basis of polymorphism of the hydroid and reduction of the medusa stage. The association with the bryozoan is described as commensal. Hydranths appear to feed on particles gathered by ciliary action of the bryozoan lophophore, and the hydrorhiza is surrounded by the bryozoan skeleton. The advantage of this relationship to the bryozoan is believed to be protection, effected by the nematocysts of the hydroid.

Improving biosecurity: a necessity for aquaculture sustainability

Farming the waters for people and food. Proceedings of the Global Conference on Aquaculture, 2010

The implementation of biosecurity measures is vital to the future development of aquaculture, if ... more The implementation of biosecurity measures is vital to the future development of aquaculture, if the culture of aquatic species is to make it possible to feed the global human population by 2030. Biosecurity includes control of the spread of aquatic plant and animal diseases and invasive pests, and the production of products that are safe to eat. For controls on diseases and invasive pests, it is necessary to implement programmes that involve all regional countries. Lessons from measures implemented in Asia need to be expanded/ ...

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Does non‐native diversity mirror Earth's biodiversity?

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Oct 27, 2023

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial ... more