如何才能看懂莎士比亚的Sonnet十四行诗?
这是一篇致敬之作,我用自认为最简单清晰的语言来说一说莎士比亚的十四行诗。就以下面这首为例。
注:这篇主要是说一说十四行诗的形式上的东西,具体的语句啊讲解啊分析啊不是这篇的重点。
莎士比亚的十四行诗
这首的form是十分典型的莎士比亚的十四行诗,也就是iambic pentameter五步抑扬格。
莎士比亚的十四行诗
先说说什么是iamb抑扬。由轻/短音音节unstressed/short syllable+重/长音音节stressed/long syllable组成的音步foot,这样的一个音步就叫抑扬格。
双音节disyllables的音步里,除了有抑扬格外,还有扬扬spondee、抑抑pyrrhus、扬抑torchee
举例:
Iamb抑扬: except
Spondee扬扬: heartbreak
Pyrrhus抑抑: in the
Torchee扬抑: Peter
诗的行就是line,当一行里有五个音步的时候就叫五音步pentameter
monometer 单音步
dimeter 双音步
trimeter 三音步
tetrameter 四音步
hexameter 六音步
举个例子示意一行诗里的五步抑扬格
莎士比亚的十四行诗
通常扬/长用/,抑/短用x,再举一行吧
莎士比亚的十四行诗
结尾的最后两行是rhymed couplet押韵对偶句。Couplet对偶句是两行韵rhyme和步meter都一样的诗组成的。
举个押韵对偶句的例子:
Thus have I had thee as a dream doth flatter
In sleep a king, but waking no such matter
(from Sonnet 87)
莎士比亚十四行诗的尾韵是ABABCDCD EFEF GG
ShalI compare thee to a summer's day? A
Thou art more lovely and more temperate: B
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, A
And summer's lease hath all too short a date: B
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, C
And often is his gold complexion dimm'd; D
And every fair from fair sometime declines, C
By chance, or nature's changing course, untrimm'd; D
But thy eternal summer shall not fade E
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st; F
Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade, E
When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st; F
So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, G
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. G
Sonnet 18 by David Tennant
莎士比亚
PS:源自微信公众号:inthezone
PSS:原标题:Sonnet 十四行诗
PSSS:转载请注明出处
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