This chapter gives the conditions for achieving power production using nuclear fusion reactions. ... more This chapter gives the conditions for achieving power production using nuclear fusion reactions. The two basic schemes for plasma confinement, inertial and magnetic, are briefly considered and the present technical solutions are outlined. The physical and chemical processes taking place between the hot plasma and the containing vessel wall are discussed in more detail. At the end of the chapter, the present status of research and the planned future development plans are summarized.
In the Materials Science Department of IPP processes of the plasma surface interaction in fusion ... more In the Materials Science Department of IPP processes of the plasma surface interaction in fusion devices are investigated. In this article, experiments in the device MAJESTIX are reported. This de- vice is devoted to the investigation of microscopic processes relevant to the interaction of hydrogen, hydrocarbon radicals, and ions with carbon surfaces. These processes are of particular importance in plasma surface interaction in fusion devices. Im Bereich Materialforschung des IPP werden Materialien entwickelt und untersucht, die dem Plasma zugewandt sind und den entsprechenden Belastungen aus dem Plasma standhalten müssen. Hierzu ist die genaue Erforschung der Plasma-Wand-Wechselwirkung notwendig, die über die auftretenden Be- lastungen und das Verhalten der Werkstoffe Aufschluss geben soll. Mithilfe dieser Kenntnisse können dann möglichst robuste Materialien für die plasmabelasteten Komponenten entwickelt und getestet werden. Für Komponenten, deren Oberfläche hohen Wärmelasten ausg...
The integral energy influx from the plasma to the substrate was determined for amorphous hydrogen... more The integral energy influx from the plasma to the substrate was determined for amorphous hydrogenated carbon (aC:H) film deposition by magnetron sputtering and in an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) discharge. The measurements, for which a thermal probe was designed, are ...
This chapter gives the conditions for achieving power production using nuclear fusion reactions. ... more This chapter gives the conditions for achieving power production using nuclear fusion reactions. The two basic schemes for plasma confinement, inertial and magnetic, are briefly considered and the present technical solutions are outlined. The physical and chemical processes taking place between the hot plasma and the containing vessel wall are discussed in more detail. At the end of the chapter, the present status of research and the planned future development plans are summarized.
Amorphous carbon-deuterium (a-C:D) films on beryllium substrates were vacuum annealed while the c... more Amorphous carbon-deuterium (a-C:D) films on beryllium substrates were vacuum annealed while the composition versus depth was followed using Rutherford backscattering, elastic recoil detection and Auger electron spectroscopy. The a-C:D film reacts with the Be substrate to form stoichiometric beryllium carbide, Be2C. The reaction begins at the interface and progresses through the film around 500°C until the entire film has reacted. D is absent from the reacted portion of the film but is still present in the unreacted carbon. The a-C:D films are removed from the Be without forming carbide by heating in oxygen at 400°C. Ion beam analysis was also used to study the oxidation of Be at temperatures up to 680°C. Through sequential exposures to different isotopes of oxygen it was shown that oxidation occurs by permeation of Be from the metal/oxide interface to the outer surface.
Erosion of carbon and tungsten in the divertor of ASDEX Upgrade was investigated by surface analy... more Erosion of carbon and tungsten in the divertor of ASDEX Upgrade was investigated by surface analysis of target tile probes. The probes were exposed in the divertor using a manipulator system. Erosion of carbon was measured by graphite probes covered with a 150 nm layer of ~3C isotope to distinguish from the intrinsic carbon content. Tungsten erosion was measured by similar probes with 1-20 nm tungsten markers evaporated on the surface. From the measured erosion, sputtering yields were determined using plasma parameters at the target plates obtained from flush mounted Langmuir probes.
Page 1. Pyrolysis and laser ablation of plasma-polymerized fluorocarbon films: Effects of gold pa... more Page 1. Pyrolysis and laser ablation of plasma-polymerized fluorocarbon films: Effects of gold particles William FL Creasy and Jeffrey A. Zimmerman IBM Corporation, Dept. T67, P. 0. Box 8003, Endicott, New York 13760 Wolfgang ...
Erosion of carbon and tungsten in the divertor of ASDEX Upgrade was investigated by surface analy... more Erosion of carbon and tungsten in the divertor of ASDEX Upgrade was investigated by surface analysis of target tile probes. The probes were exposed in the divertor using a manipulator system. Erosion of carbon was measured by graphite probes covered with a 150 nm layer of 13C isotope to distinguish from the intrinsic carbon content. Tungsten erosion was measured by
This chapter gives the conditions for achieving power production using nuclear fusion reactions. ... more This chapter gives the conditions for achieving power production using nuclear fusion reactions. The two basic schemes for plasma confinement, inertial and magnetic, are briefly considered and the present technical solutions are outlined. The physical and chemical processes taking place between the hot plasma and the containing vessel wall are discussed in more detail. At the end of the chapter, the present status of research and the planned future development plans are summarized.
In the Materials Science Department of IPP processes of the plasma surface interaction in fusion ... more In the Materials Science Department of IPP processes of the plasma surface interaction in fusion devices are investigated. In this article, experiments in the device MAJESTIX are reported. This de- vice is devoted to the investigation of microscopic processes relevant to the interaction of hydrogen, hydrocarbon radicals, and ions with carbon surfaces. These processes are of particular importance in plasma surface interaction in fusion devices. Im Bereich Materialforschung des IPP werden Materialien entwickelt und untersucht, die dem Plasma zugewandt sind und den entsprechenden Belastungen aus dem Plasma standhalten müssen. Hierzu ist die genaue Erforschung der Plasma-Wand-Wechselwirkung notwendig, die über die auftretenden Be- lastungen und das Verhalten der Werkstoffe Aufschluss geben soll. Mithilfe dieser Kenntnisse können dann möglichst robuste Materialien für die plasmabelasteten Komponenten entwickelt und getestet werden. Für Komponenten, deren Oberfläche hohen Wärmelasten ausg...
The integral energy influx from the plasma to the substrate was determined for amorphous hydrogen... more The integral energy influx from the plasma to the substrate was determined for amorphous hydrogenated carbon (aC:H) film deposition by magnetron sputtering and in an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) discharge. The measurements, for which a thermal probe was designed, are ...
This chapter gives the conditions for achieving power production using nuclear fusion reactions. ... more This chapter gives the conditions for achieving power production using nuclear fusion reactions. The two basic schemes for plasma confinement, inertial and magnetic, are briefly considered and the present technical solutions are outlined. The physical and chemical processes taking place between the hot plasma and the containing vessel wall are discussed in more detail. At the end of the chapter, the present status of research and the planned future development plans are summarized.
Amorphous carbon-deuterium (a-C:D) films on beryllium substrates were vacuum annealed while the c... more Amorphous carbon-deuterium (a-C:D) films on beryllium substrates were vacuum annealed while the composition versus depth was followed using Rutherford backscattering, elastic recoil detection and Auger electron spectroscopy. The a-C:D film reacts with the Be substrate to form stoichiometric beryllium carbide, Be2C. The reaction begins at the interface and progresses through the film around 500°C until the entire film has reacted. D is absent from the reacted portion of the film but is still present in the unreacted carbon. The a-C:D films are removed from the Be without forming carbide by heating in oxygen at 400°C. Ion beam analysis was also used to study the oxidation of Be at temperatures up to 680°C. Through sequential exposures to different isotopes of oxygen it was shown that oxidation occurs by permeation of Be from the metal/oxide interface to the outer surface.
Erosion of carbon and tungsten in the divertor of ASDEX Upgrade was investigated by surface analy... more Erosion of carbon and tungsten in the divertor of ASDEX Upgrade was investigated by surface analysis of target tile probes. The probes were exposed in the divertor using a manipulator system. Erosion of carbon was measured by graphite probes covered with a 150 nm layer of ~3C isotope to distinguish from the intrinsic carbon content. Tungsten erosion was measured by similar probes with 1-20 nm tungsten markers evaporated on the surface. From the measured erosion, sputtering yields were determined using plasma parameters at the target plates obtained from flush mounted Langmuir probes.
Page 1. Pyrolysis and laser ablation of plasma-polymerized fluorocarbon films: Effects of gold pa... more Page 1. Pyrolysis and laser ablation of plasma-polymerized fluorocarbon films: Effects of gold particles William FL Creasy and Jeffrey A. Zimmerman IBM Corporation, Dept. T67, P. 0. Box 8003, Endicott, New York 13760 Wolfgang ...
Erosion of carbon and tungsten in the divertor of ASDEX Upgrade was investigated by surface analy... more Erosion of carbon and tungsten in the divertor of ASDEX Upgrade was investigated by surface analysis of target tile probes. The probes were exposed in the divertor using a manipulator system. Erosion of carbon was measured by graphite probes covered with a 150 nm layer of 13C isotope to distinguish from the intrinsic carbon content. Tungsten erosion was measured by
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