With the growth of the research enterprise, and its increasing emphasis on laboratory research an... more With the growth of the research enterprise, and its increasing emphasis on laboratory research and the molecular basis of medicine, the education process has changed from an apprentice-based approach to one with intensive classroom learning and an unfortunate reduction in hands-on practice. Further, any clinical experience has become highly supervised, with learners being allowed very little responsibility for patient care and, consequently, not having the opportunity to develop the experience and skill needed to practice autonomously. Medical, nursing, and other healthcare students graduate without the confi dence or practical knowledge that would allow them to be independent practicing professionals. Simulated clinical experience has been proposed as a solution to the urgent need to provide early and frequent clinical experience to healthcare learners. While no simulation can entirely replace actual clinical practice, there is much that can be taught about procedures, process, critical thinking, and decision making in an environment that supports practice and refl ection, without the pressure of clinical responsibility. In this chapter, we review this new direction in education, and present examples of the many ways in which simulation will enrich the learning process in healthcare.
Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per res... more Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number.
As an alternative to available computer-based clinical simulations that mimic patient encounters,... more As an alternative to available computer-based clinical simulations that mimic patient encounters, we developed a clinical case simulation that more closely resembles the patient record. Our system, implemented in a Macintosh program called Short Rounds, features rapid and customized case authoring by editing a structured text file, a dynamic user interface that presents a case-specific screen layout, and a pedagogical model that is suitable for teaching third-year medical students. We believe this approach allows faculty members to create multimedia case simulations in shorter periods of time than in available clinical simulations.
Background: Teleteaching of endoscopy has been limited by the exorbitant cost and time inherent i... more Background: Teleteaching of endoscopy has been limited by the exorbitant cost and time inherent in highquality digital endoscopy video transmission. The Digital Video Transport System (DVTS) transmitted over advanced networks, such as Internet2 and the Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN), provides a unique infrastructure for sharing uncompressed digital videos of endoscopy. This may allow high-quality, real-time, international training of diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy techniques at a low cost. Objective: To test the proof of concept of long-distance teaching through live, interactive, high-resolution video transmission by using advanced networks and the DVTS. We used teleteaching of image-enhanced endoscopy techniques as a model.
... Distributed parallel computation in layered neural networks: some models of the visual system... more ... Distributed parallel computation in layered neural networks: some models of the visual system. Author: Parvati Dev, Publication: · Doctoral Dissertation, ... top of page ABSTRACT. An abstract is not available. top of page AUTHORS. Parvati Dev No contact information provided yet. ...
A biologically safe, noninvasive method for visualizing bone and soft tissue relationships has be... more A biologically safe, noninvasive method for visualizing bone and soft tissue relationships has been developed recently. Termed the ultrasonic transmission imaging system, its advantages include visualization of soft tissues in real time while motion is underway. The image can be correlated to standard x-ray films, but since no ionizing radiation is involved, repeated risk-free visualization of extremities for either diagnostic assessment or biomechanical studies is permitted. Resolution of 1 mm and a depth of field of 8 mm are adequate for visualization of neurovascular bundles, tendons, ligaments, bones, and joints. The image can be digitized and stored for later analysis on computer graphic systems. Pilot studies have correlated the ultrasonic anatomy of normal and abnormal living and cadaver hands with known anatomic structures. The benefits to biomechanical analysis include the ability to visualize and accurately measure in a noninvasive manner the in vivo changes of position of tendons and other structures during movement. These initial efforts indicate the growing diagnostic and analytic capabilities of this instrument.
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, May 1, 1999
T he clinical encounter-an interactive and highly visual process-begins as the physician enters t... more T he clinical encounter-an interactive and highly visual process-begins as the physician enters the door and analyzes the patient's appearance, facial appearance, and posture. Even before entering the examination room, the physician reads the patient folder, which may include x-ray images or reports of earlier imaging procedures. She may order tests, including a variety of radiographic procedures, photographs of skin lesions, or biopsies, which are photographed under a microscope. If the patient needs surgery, both preoperative and postoperative surgical photographs may be acquired. These and other images form an essential component of the learning process in medical education. Beginning with Introduction to Human Anatomy, students examine images and drawings of dissections as they work with human cadavers to learn the structure of the human body. Through histological images, photographed through the microscope at different magnifications and highlighted with a variety of tissue stains, they learn the microscopic structure of tissues. As they study the many causes of infectious diseases, they examine bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi under the microscope. They examine vast libraries of pathology images, studying cancerous tissue, benign growths, and organs damaged by trauma. They learn to examine the human body through many different imaging modalities that let them peer into the living human: x-rays, computed tomography scans, magnetic resonance images, and images created by radiation from isotopes that bind to different tissues. This special issue presents a few of the many ways in which medical teaching today uses imaging and imaging research. Understanding the structure of the human body underlies much of medical education. Three of the articles address issues in understanding and teaching anatomy and neuroanatomy. Brinkley, Rosse, and others have worked extensively on developing computer models of organs and representing these organs in relationship to each other. For teaching, they have annotated their models and provided interactive access to their collection over the Web. In this issue, they present a knowledge representation infrastructure that will become essential as large collections of anatomy models develop. Senger, on the other hand, focuses on the problem of extracting the outlines of anatomical structures from a stack of cross-sectional images. His immersive approach
Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Oct 1, 1992
Page 1. VISUALIZATION TOOLS FOR BIOENGINEERING EDUCATION Sally L. Wood* Electrical Engineering De... more Page 1. VISUALIZATION TOOLS FOR BIOENGINEERING EDUCATION Sally L. Wood* Electrical Engineering Dept. Santa Clara University Santa Clara, California, 95053, USA Abstract - New visualization tools for bioenginer ...
We propose and have implemented a program, called "Real Problems", for the authoring of simulated... more We propose and have implemented a program, called "Real Problems", for the authoring of simulated patient encounters. This program uses a layered database approach to separate the unchanging sections of the program from the more patient-specific sections, so as to increase the speed of authoring. The user's interest is maintained through the use of graphics, sound and extensive feedback.
With the growth of the research enterprise, and its increasing emphasis on laboratory research an... more With the growth of the research enterprise, and its increasing emphasis on laboratory research and the molecular basis of medicine, the education process has changed from an apprentice-based approach to one with intensive classroom learning and an unfortunate reduction in hands-on practice. Further, any clinical experience has become highly supervised, with learners being allowed very little responsibility for patient care and, consequently, not having the opportunity to develop the experience and skill needed to practice autonomously. Medical, nursing, and other healthcare students graduate without the confi dence or practical knowledge that would allow them to be independent practicing professionals. Simulated clinical experience has been proposed as a solution to the urgent need to provide early and frequent clinical experience to healthcare learners. While no simulation can entirely replace actual clinical practice, there is much that can be taught about procedures, process, critical thinking, and decision making in an environment that supports practice and refl ection, without the pressure of clinical responsibility. In this chapter, we review this new direction in education, and present examples of the many ways in which simulation will enrich the learning process in healthcare.
Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per res... more Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number.
As an alternative to available computer-based clinical simulations that mimic patient encounters,... more As an alternative to available computer-based clinical simulations that mimic patient encounters, we developed a clinical case simulation that more closely resembles the patient record. Our system, implemented in a Macintosh program called Short Rounds, features rapid and customized case authoring by editing a structured text file, a dynamic user interface that presents a case-specific screen layout, and a pedagogical model that is suitable for teaching third-year medical students. We believe this approach allows faculty members to create multimedia case simulations in shorter periods of time than in available clinical simulations.
Background: Teleteaching of endoscopy has been limited by the exorbitant cost and time inherent i... more Background: Teleteaching of endoscopy has been limited by the exorbitant cost and time inherent in highquality digital endoscopy video transmission. The Digital Video Transport System (DVTS) transmitted over advanced networks, such as Internet2 and the Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN), provides a unique infrastructure for sharing uncompressed digital videos of endoscopy. This may allow high-quality, real-time, international training of diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy techniques at a low cost. Objective: To test the proof of concept of long-distance teaching through live, interactive, high-resolution video transmission by using advanced networks and the DVTS. We used teleteaching of image-enhanced endoscopy techniques as a model.
... Distributed parallel computation in layered neural networks: some models of the visual system... more ... Distributed parallel computation in layered neural networks: some models of the visual system. Author: Parvati Dev, Publication: · Doctoral Dissertation, ... top of page ABSTRACT. An abstract is not available. top of page AUTHORS. Parvati Dev No contact information provided yet. ...
A biologically safe, noninvasive method for visualizing bone and soft tissue relationships has be... more A biologically safe, noninvasive method for visualizing bone and soft tissue relationships has been developed recently. Termed the ultrasonic transmission imaging system, its advantages include visualization of soft tissues in real time while motion is underway. The image can be correlated to standard x-ray films, but since no ionizing radiation is involved, repeated risk-free visualization of extremities for either diagnostic assessment or biomechanical studies is permitted. Resolution of 1 mm and a depth of field of 8 mm are adequate for visualization of neurovascular bundles, tendons, ligaments, bones, and joints. The image can be digitized and stored for later analysis on computer graphic systems. Pilot studies have correlated the ultrasonic anatomy of normal and abnormal living and cadaver hands with known anatomic structures. The benefits to biomechanical analysis include the ability to visualize and accurately measure in a noninvasive manner the in vivo changes of position of tendons and other structures during movement. These initial efforts indicate the growing diagnostic and analytic capabilities of this instrument.
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, May 1, 1999
T he clinical encounter-an interactive and highly visual process-begins as the physician enters t... more T he clinical encounter-an interactive and highly visual process-begins as the physician enters the door and analyzes the patient's appearance, facial appearance, and posture. Even before entering the examination room, the physician reads the patient folder, which may include x-ray images or reports of earlier imaging procedures. She may order tests, including a variety of radiographic procedures, photographs of skin lesions, or biopsies, which are photographed under a microscope. If the patient needs surgery, both preoperative and postoperative surgical photographs may be acquired. These and other images form an essential component of the learning process in medical education. Beginning with Introduction to Human Anatomy, students examine images and drawings of dissections as they work with human cadavers to learn the structure of the human body. Through histological images, photographed through the microscope at different magnifications and highlighted with a variety of tissue stains, they learn the microscopic structure of tissues. As they study the many causes of infectious diseases, they examine bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi under the microscope. They examine vast libraries of pathology images, studying cancerous tissue, benign growths, and organs damaged by trauma. They learn to examine the human body through many different imaging modalities that let them peer into the living human: x-rays, computed tomography scans, magnetic resonance images, and images created by radiation from isotopes that bind to different tissues. This special issue presents a few of the many ways in which medical teaching today uses imaging and imaging research. Understanding the structure of the human body underlies much of medical education. Three of the articles address issues in understanding and teaching anatomy and neuroanatomy. Brinkley, Rosse, and others have worked extensively on developing computer models of organs and representing these organs in relationship to each other. For teaching, they have annotated their models and provided interactive access to their collection over the Web. In this issue, they present a knowledge representation infrastructure that will become essential as large collections of anatomy models develop. Senger, on the other hand, focuses on the problem of extracting the outlines of anatomical structures from a stack of cross-sectional images. His immersive approach
Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Oct 1, 1992
Page 1. VISUALIZATION TOOLS FOR BIOENGINEERING EDUCATION Sally L. Wood* Electrical Engineering De... more Page 1. VISUALIZATION TOOLS FOR BIOENGINEERING EDUCATION Sally L. Wood* Electrical Engineering Dept. Santa Clara University Santa Clara, California, 95053, USA Abstract - New visualization tools for bioenginer ...
We propose and have implemented a program, called "Real Problems", for the authoring of simulated... more We propose and have implemented a program, called "Real Problems", for the authoring of simulated patient encounters. This program uses a layered database approach to separate the unchanging sections of the program from the more patient-specific sections, so as to increase the speed of authoring. The user's interest is maintained through the use of graphics, sound and extensive feedback.
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