Ficus deltoidea Jack (Moraceae) is a medicinal plant that widely used in several Southeast Asia c... more Ficus deltoidea Jack (Moraceae) is a medicinal plant that widely used in several Southeast Asia countries most commonly in Malaysia and Indonesia. There are seven varieties of F. deltoidea Jack in Peninsular Malaysia namely; var. deltoidea, var. bilobata Corner, var. angustifolia (Miq.) Corner, var. intermedia Corner, var. kunstleri (King) Corner, var. motleyana (Miq.) Corner and var. trengganuensis Corner. Methanolic leaf extracts of seven varieties of Ficus deltoidea Jack; namely var. deltiodea, var. angustifolia, var. intermedia, var. bilobata, var. trengganuensis, var. kunstleri and var. motlyeana that were collected from various locations in the the Malay Peninsula and Sarawak, Borneo were screened for in-vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by measuring scavenging activities of DPPH. Extract from var. intermedia showed the strongest antioxidant activity which enable to inhibit the 50% scavenging activity of DPPH at ...
Ficus deltoidea is originated from Peninsular Malaysia and classified into seven varieties. Some ... more Ficus deltoidea is originated from Peninsular Malaysia and classified into seven varieties. Some of varieties shared similar characteristics and some of the collections (accessions) showed intermediate characteristics. In Ficus deltoidea varieties, not only var. bilobata had lobed leaves, other varieties such as var. kunstleri and var. trengganuensis also have emarginated and lobed leaves. Studying monophyly of F. deltoidea var. bilobata based on molecular and morphological data will give more information to taxonomist and farmers. Previous study was about morphology data alone. In this study, a phylogenetic relationships between F. deltoidea var. bilobata, var. trengganuensis, var. kunstleri and one outgroup which is var. motleyana were examined by using cladistic analysis, based on morphological data with the support of molecular data. Three primer regions which are ITS, ETS and G3pdh were used to obtain molecular data and 27 characteristics were observed for morphological data. V...
Ficus deltoidea (Moraceae) products are commercially available as tea or coffee preparation and a... more Ficus deltoidea (Moraceae) products are commercially available as tea or coffee preparation and are gaining increasing popularity in Malaysia. These products are usually formulated from several varieties and accurate plant identification becomes undeniably important for quality control purposes. Interestingly, classifications of F. deltoidea species based on morphological characteristic remain debatable. This paper reports preliminary findings in our attempt to establish analytical method to distinguish the varieties using metabolomics platforms. Seven varieties of F. deltoidea which are var. intermedia, var. motleyana, var. kunstleri, var. deltoidea, var. terenganuensis, var. angustifolia and var. bilobata were analyzed using HPLC-DAD-TOF-MS and 600MHz NMR. Samples collected at several location. High land – var. Intermedia (Cameron Highland). Low land – var. motleyana, kunstleri, deltoidea, terengganuensis, angustifolia and bilobata from Setiu, Kuala Terengganu and Batu Pahat. ...
arringtonia racemosa, was a medicinal plants that widely used in traditional practice to treat va... more arringtonia racemosa, was a medicinal plants that widely used in traditional practice to treat various ailments and even its young leaf were eaten raw. Due to its healing properties, the tree was intensively harvested without replacement planting effort and in vitro technique can be one of the ways to propagate them in the field. The purpose of this study was thus to develop a standardized basic protocol to induce a high frequency of callus induction. The effects of 2,4-Di-chlorophenoxy-acetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-furfuryl aminopurine (kinetin) on callus induction percentage (CI%) of B. racemosa leaf and endosperm explants in Murashige and Skoog medium, Lloyd and McCown medium, Murashige and Skoog (Modified) medium were evaluated. The following three basal media were added: 30 g L-1 of sucrose, 2.5 g L-1 phytagel and combination of (2,4-D) with kinetin in various concentrations (0.5,1.0,1.5 and 2.0 mg L-1). The highest CI% was shown by B. racemosa endosperms culture, with 100% callusi...
Chlorhexidine (CHX) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are among ingredients used in contact lens disin... more Chlorhexidine (CHX) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are among ingredients used in contact lens disinfecting solution, and had been used for eye treatment due to microbial infection. However, both chemicals have been reported to cause inflammation to the cornea and the symptoms that are related such as eye irritation and ulcers of the cornea. In this study, the cytotoxic potential of CHX and H2O2 were evaluated through the establishment of dose response and 50 % inhibition concentration (IC50) values on human corneal epithelial cell (HCEC) line by MTT colorimetric assays, while cytotoxicity and genotoxicity approach were investigated by light and fluorescence microscopy.The effects of CHX and H2O2 at the genomic level on the HCEC were observed and quantified by using alkaline comet assay. An observation under light microscopy showed the untreated HCE cells with intact and prominent nucleus while CHX- treated HCEC showed dark precipitates accumulated in the cell’s cytoplasms. The HCEC tr...
Dioscorea hispida is a source of food and also has important medicinal values. However, there are... more Dioscorea hispida is a source of food and also has important medicinal values. However, there are difficulties in identifying and recognizing D. hispida based on morphological characteristics. D. hispida collected from Besut District in the state of Terengganu, Malaysia, were subjected to PCR amplification with ITS1 and ITS2 (universal primers) but no amplified product was obtained. Therefore, a new set of primers was designed based on a specific signature sequence for Dioscorea spp. in the ITS region named as Dios_003 (5'-AAA CGG CTA CCA CAT CCA AG-3') and Dios_004 (5'-AGA CAA ATC GCT CCA CCA AC-3'). A specific band of 900 bp was detected for all accession numbers of D. hispida. Sequencing of the amplified ITS region was carried out and alignment of the sequences demonstrated that the ITS region amplified was identical in all the D. hispida accessions and was highly conserved among other Dioscorea spp. that were analyzed, i.e. D. japonica, D. alata, D. elephantipes,...
The aim of this study was to develop a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) detecti... more The aim of this study was to develop a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) detection method based on the melting temperature analysis profiling of S. aureus clinical isolates from three different hospitals in Malaysia. Simplex and duplex real-time PCR assay was used for the simultaneous detection of nuc (species-specific) and mecA (methicillin-resistance) genes in a single SYBR Green I real-time PCR tube assay. Evaluations were based on the melting temperature (T m ) analysis of the amplicons using 23 S. aureus clinical isolates including three ATCC S. aureus standard strains. Real-time PCR amplification products with melting peaks at 78.39 ± 0.4°C and 74.41 ± 0.6°C were detected for nuc and mecA genes, respectively. Each real-time PCR assay was completed within two hours. This rapid genotypic method is useful for the detection of resistant determinant (mecA) and identification of S. aureus (nuc) clinical isolates, thus benefiting patient therapy in hospitals.
The aims of this study were to validate the primers developed for molecular-based detection and i... more The aims of this study were to validate the primers developed for molecular-based detection and identification of Malaysian clinical isolates of methicilin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) using in-silico Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR SYBR with Green I. Rapid molecular diagnostic and risk assessment of the MRSA is possible by real-time PCR SYBR Green I. However, validation of such primers for real-life samples is expensive and time consuming. Hence, development and verification of real-time PCR primers by in-silico PCR can be the first step in the selection of the most appropriate primers. Three species-specific markers were chosen targeting coa (staphylocoagulase), nuc (thermonuclease) and mecA (methicillin-resistance) and were specifically verified against 35 selected S. aureus strains by using in-silico PCR. For the actual laboratory verification, all of the three genes were detected with a single specific melting curve peak (Tm at 76.16 ± 0.8 °C, 78.50 ± 0.4 °C and 74.41 ± 0.6 °C for a coa, nuc and mecA respectively) in 32 bacterial strains including ATCC reference strains. Thus, there is no disagreement between both in-silico PCR and realtime PCR verification and validation of the primers designed for the detection and identification of MRSA in this study. The potential of using a bioinformatics approach (in-silico PCR) before selecting primer pairs for a given study may enable researchers to accept or reject the potential primer pairs for downstream experimental (in vitro) PCR without wasting any chemicals as well as related cost.
Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, 2013
Goniothalamin, a natural compound extracted from Goniothalamus sp. belonging to the Annonacae fam... more Goniothalamin, a natural compound extracted from Goniothalamus sp. belonging to the Annonacae family, possesses anticancer properties towards several tumor cell lines. This study focused on apoptosis induction by goniothalamin (GTN) in the Hela cervical cancer cell line. Cell growth inhibition was measured by MTT assay and the IC50 value of goniothalamin was 3.2 ± 0.72 μg/ml. Morphological changes and biochemical processes associated with apoptosis were evident on phase contrast microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. DNA fragmentation, DNA damage, caspase-9 activation and a large increase in the sub-G1 and S cell cycle phases confirmed the occurrence of apoptosis in a time-dependent manner. It could be concluded that goniothalamin show a promising cytotoxicity effect against cervical cancer cells (Hela) and the cell death mode induced by goniothalamin was apoptosis.
The medicinal plant of Barringtonia racemosa (lecythidaceae family) has been used widely in tradi... more The medicinal plant of Barringtonia racemosa (lecythidaceae family) has been used widely in traditional medicine for anti-inflammation and anticancer in Malaysia. The present investigation was carried out to study of the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of fully expanded leaf extracts of B. racemosa. Antioxidant activity was measured by using FTC, TBA and DPPH free radical scavenging methods and Griess assay
A pair of PCR primers for the rapid detection of bile salt hydrolase (bsh) gene from Bifidobacter... more A pair of PCR primers for the rapid detection of bile salt hydrolase (bsh) gene from Bifidobacterium longum BB536 has been synthesised and have revealed the bsh gene of approx 970 bp in Bifidobacterium longum BB 536 but not in other species of bacteria tested. The bsh gene was cloned and sequenced showing a high similarity to bsh gene previously
A panel of six monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the nucleocapsid (NP) protein of Newcastle di... more A panel of six monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the nucleocapsid (NP) protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was produced by immunization of Balb/c mice with purified recombinant NP protein. Western Blot analysis showed that all the mAbs recognized linearized NP epitopes. Three different NP antigenic sites were identified using deleted truncated NP mutants purified from Escherichia coli. One of the
The Journal of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, 2002
Eight selective nitrogen-sulfur donor ligands have been synthesized from the condensation of S-me... more Eight selective nitrogen-sulfur donor ligands have been synthesized from the condensation of S-methyldithiocarbazate (SMDTC) with aldehydes and ketones with a view to evaluating their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, and also to correlate the biological properties with the structure of the ligands. The compounds were all characterized by elemental analyses and other physicochemical techniques. SMDTC and the Schiff bases were screened for antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. SMDTC showed very large inhibition zones (24-44 mm) against bacteria and fungi with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 390-25,000 and 1562-6250 microg ml(-1), against different bacteria and fungi, respectively. Streptomycin and nystatin were used as the internal standards against bacteria and fungi, respectively. SMDTC along with its Schiff bases with pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde, acetylacetone and 2,3-butanedione were strongly antifungal and the MIC values were comparable to nystatin. Most of the Schiff bases were strongly cytotoxic. In particular, those with pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde and 2,3-butanedione have CD(50) values of 5.5, 1.9-2.0 microg ml(-1), respectively, against leukemic cells, while against colon cancer cells, the values were 3.7 and 2.0 microg ml(-1), respectively. The glyoxal Schiff base was strongly active only against leukemic cell with CD(50) value of 4.0 microg ml(-1). The present findings have been compared with standard drugs.
Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus based on PCR (ERIC-PCR) was used to generate DNA ... more Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus based on PCR (ERIC-PCR) was used to generate DNA fingerprints for bifidobacteria and other probiotic bacteria. Two primers (ERIC 1R and ERIC 2) used in ERIC-PCR revealed that all of the probiotic bacteria tested possess enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequences with the PCR products ranging from 250 bp to 5000 bp. The bacterial strains can be differentiated by comparing fingerprint patterns. The dendrogram of the fingerprints revealed that most of the bifidobacterial wild type strains fell into one cluster at similarity level of approximately 79%.
Two new garcinia acid derivatives, 2-(butoxycarbonylmethyl)-3-butoxycarbonyl-2-hydroxy-3-propanol... more Two new garcinia acid derivatives, 2-(butoxycarbonylmethyl)-3-butoxycarbonyl-2-hydroxy-3-propanolide and 1Ј,1Љ-dibutyl methyl hydroxycitrate, were isolated from the fruits of Garcinia atroviridis guided by TLC bioautography against the fungus Cladosporium herbarum. The structures of these compounds were established by spectral analysis. The former compound represents a unique -lactone structure and the latter compound is most likely an artefact of garcinia acid (= hydroxycitric acid). Both compounds showed selective antifungal activity comparable to that of cycloheximide (MID: 0.5 µg/spot) only against C. herbarum at the MIDs of 0.4 and 0.8 µg/spot but were inactive against bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli), other fungi (Alternaria sp., Fusarium moniliforme and Aspergillus ochraceous) including the yeast Candida albicans.
The leaf and bark oils of Cinnamomum aureofulvum Gamb. were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The leaf oi... more The leaf and bark oils of Cinnamomum aureofulvum Gamb. were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The leaf oil was made up predominantly of benzyl benzoate (43.4%), benzyl alcohol (8.1%) and linalool (7.3%), whereas the bark oil contained cinnamaldehyde (46.6%), linalool (14.6%) and eugenol (5.0%) as the major components. The oils were screened for antibacterial activity against two Gram positive bacteria
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is one of the most economically important avian virus which affects... more Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is one of the most economically important avian virus which affects the poultry industry worldwide. Although NDV is being very actively studied in Malaysia, there are still no studies on its potential as an anticancer agent, a new approach to treating cancer known as virotherapy. Currently, a collaborative research is being undertaken between Universiti Putra Malaysia
Ficus deltoidea Jack (Moraceae) is a medicinal plant that widely used in several Southeast Asia c... more Ficus deltoidea Jack (Moraceae) is a medicinal plant that widely used in several Southeast Asia countries most commonly in Malaysia and Indonesia. There are seven varieties of F. deltoidea Jack in Peninsular Malaysia namely; var. deltoidea, var. bilobata Corner, var. angustifolia (Miq.) Corner, var. intermedia Corner, var. kunstleri (King) Corner, var. motleyana (Miq.) Corner and var. trengganuensis Corner. Methanolic leaf extracts of seven varieties of Ficus deltoidea Jack; namely var. deltiodea, var. angustifolia, var. intermedia, var. bilobata, var. trengganuensis, var. kunstleri and var. motlyeana that were collected from various locations in the the Malay Peninsula and Sarawak, Borneo were screened for in-vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by measuring scavenging activities of DPPH. Extract from var. intermedia showed the strongest antioxidant activity which enable to inhibit the 50% scavenging activity of DPPH at ...
Ficus deltoidea is originated from Peninsular Malaysia and classified into seven varieties. Some ... more Ficus deltoidea is originated from Peninsular Malaysia and classified into seven varieties. Some of varieties shared similar characteristics and some of the collections (accessions) showed intermediate characteristics. In Ficus deltoidea varieties, not only var. bilobata had lobed leaves, other varieties such as var. kunstleri and var. trengganuensis also have emarginated and lobed leaves. Studying monophyly of F. deltoidea var. bilobata based on molecular and morphological data will give more information to taxonomist and farmers. Previous study was about morphology data alone. In this study, a phylogenetic relationships between F. deltoidea var. bilobata, var. trengganuensis, var. kunstleri and one outgroup which is var. motleyana were examined by using cladistic analysis, based on morphological data with the support of molecular data. Three primer regions which are ITS, ETS and G3pdh were used to obtain molecular data and 27 characteristics were observed for morphological data. V...
Ficus deltoidea (Moraceae) products are commercially available as tea or coffee preparation and a... more Ficus deltoidea (Moraceae) products are commercially available as tea or coffee preparation and are gaining increasing popularity in Malaysia. These products are usually formulated from several varieties and accurate plant identification becomes undeniably important for quality control purposes. Interestingly, classifications of F. deltoidea species based on morphological characteristic remain debatable. This paper reports preliminary findings in our attempt to establish analytical method to distinguish the varieties using metabolomics platforms. Seven varieties of F. deltoidea which are var. intermedia, var. motleyana, var. kunstleri, var. deltoidea, var. terenganuensis, var. angustifolia and var. bilobata were analyzed using HPLC-DAD-TOF-MS and 600MHz NMR. Samples collected at several location. High land – var. Intermedia (Cameron Highland). Low land – var. motleyana, kunstleri, deltoidea, terengganuensis, angustifolia and bilobata from Setiu, Kuala Terengganu and Batu Pahat. ...
arringtonia racemosa, was a medicinal plants that widely used in traditional practice to treat va... more arringtonia racemosa, was a medicinal plants that widely used in traditional practice to treat various ailments and even its young leaf were eaten raw. Due to its healing properties, the tree was intensively harvested without replacement planting effort and in vitro technique can be one of the ways to propagate them in the field. The purpose of this study was thus to develop a standardized basic protocol to induce a high frequency of callus induction. The effects of 2,4-Di-chlorophenoxy-acetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-furfuryl aminopurine (kinetin) on callus induction percentage (CI%) of B. racemosa leaf and endosperm explants in Murashige and Skoog medium, Lloyd and McCown medium, Murashige and Skoog (Modified) medium were evaluated. The following three basal media were added: 30 g L-1 of sucrose, 2.5 g L-1 phytagel and combination of (2,4-D) with kinetin in various concentrations (0.5,1.0,1.5 and 2.0 mg L-1). The highest CI% was shown by B. racemosa endosperms culture, with 100% callusi...
Chlorhexidine (CHX) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are among ingredients used in contact lens disin... more Chlorhexidine (CHX) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are among ingredients used in contact lens disinfecting solution, and had been used for eye treatment due to microbial infection. However, both chemicals have been reported to cause inflammation to the cornea and the symptoms that are related such as eye irritation and ulcers of the cornea. In this study, the cytotoxic potential of CHX and H2O2 were evaluated through the establishment of dose response and 50 % inhibition concentration (IC50) values on human corneal epithelial cell (HCEC) line by MTT colorimetric assays, while cytotoxicity and genotoxicity approach were investigated by light and fluorescence microscopy.The effects of CHX and H2O2 at the genomic level on the HCEC were observed and quantified by using alkaline comet assay. An observation under light microscopy showed the untreated HCE cells with intact and prominent nucleus while CHX- treated HCEC showed dark precipitates accumulated in the cell’s cytoplasms. The HCEC tr...
Dioscorea hispida is a source of food and also has important medicinal values. However, there are... more Dioscorea hispida is a source of food and also has important medicinal values. However, there are difficulties in identifying and recognizing D. hispida based on morphological characteristics. D. hispida collected from Besut District in the state of Terengganu, Malaysia, were subjected to PCR amplification with ITS1 and ITS2 (universal primers) but no amplified product was obtained. Therefore, a new set of primers was designed based on a specific signature sequence for Dioscorea spp. in the ITS region named as Dios_003 (5'-AAA CGG CTA CCA CAT CCA AG-3') and Dios_004 (5'-AGA CAA ATC GCT CCA CCA AC-3'). A specific band of 900 bp was detected for all accession numbers of D. hispida. Sequencing of the amplified ITS region was carried out and alignment of the sequences demonstrated that the ITS region amplified was identical in all the D. hispida accessions and was highly conserved among other Dioscorea spp. that were analyzed, i.e. D. japonica, D. alata, D. elephantipes,...
The aim of this study was to develop a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) detecti... more The aim of this study was to develop a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) detection method based on the melting temperature analysis profiling of S. aureus clinical isolates from three different hospitals in Malaysia. Simplex and duplex real-time PCR assay was used for the simultaneous detection of nuc (species-specific) and mecA (methicillin-resistance) genes in a single SYBR Green I real-time PCR tube assay. Evaluations were based on the melting temperature (T m ) analysis of the amplicons using 23 S. aureus clinical isolates including three ATCC S. aureus standard strains. Real-time PCR amplification products with melting peaks at 78.39 ± 0.4°C and 74.41 ± 0.6°C were detected for nuc and mecA genes, respectively. Each real-time PCR assay was completed within two hours. This rapid genotypic method is useful for the detection of resistant determinant (mecA) and identification of S. aureus (nuc) clinical isolates, thus benefiting patient therapy in hospitals.
The aims of this study were to validate the primers developed for molecular-based detection and i... more The aims of this study were to validate the primers developed for molecular-based detection and identification of Malaysian clinical isolates of methicilin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) using in-silico Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR SYBR with Green I. Rapid molecular diagnostic and risk assessment of the MRSA is possible by real-time PCR SYBR Green I. However, validation of such primers for real-life samples is expensive and time consuming. Hence, development and verification of real-time PCR primers by in-silico PCR can be the first step in the selection of the most appropriate primers. Three species-specific markers were chosen targeting coa (staphylocoagulase), nuc (thermonuclease) and mecA (methicillin-resistance) and were specifically verified against 35 selected S. aureus strains by using in-silico PCR. For the actual laboratory verification, all of the three genes were detected with a single specific melting curve peak (Tm at 76.16 ± 0.8 °C, 78.50 ± 0.4 °C and 74.41 ± 0.6 °C for a coa, nuc and mecA respectively) in 32 bacterial strains including ATCC reference strains. Thus, there is no disagreement between both in-silico PCR and realtime PCR verification and validation of the primers designed for the detection and identification of MRSA in this study. The potential of using a bioinformatics approach (in-silico PCR) before selecting primer pairs for a given study may enable researchers to accept or reject the potential primer pairs for downstream experimental (in vitro) PCR without wasting any chemicals as well as related cost.
Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, 2013
Goniothalamin, a natural compound extracted from Goniothalamus sp. belonging to the Annonacae fam... more Goniothalamin, a natural compound extracted from Goniothalamus sp. belonging to the Annonacae family, possesses anticancer properties towards several tumor cell lines. This study focused on apoptosis induction by goniothalamin (GTN) in the Hela cervical cancer cell line. Cell growth inhibition was measured by MTT assay and the IC50 value of goniothalamin was 3.2 ± 0.72 μg/ml. Morphological changes and biochemical processes associated with apoptosis were evident on phase contrast microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. DNA fragmentation, DNA damage, caspase-9 activation and a large increase in the sub-G1 and S cell cycle phases confirmed the occurrence of apoptosis in a time-dependent manner. It could be concluded that goniothalamin show a promising cytotoxicity effect against cervical cancer cells (Hela) and the cell death mode induced by goniothalamin was apoptosis.
The medicinal plant of Barringtonia racemosa (lecythidaceae family) has been used widely in tradi... more The medicinal plant of Barringtonia racemosa (lecythidaceae family) has been used widely in traditional medicine for anti-inflammation and anticancer in Malaysia. The present investigation was carried out to study of the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of fully expanded leaf extracts of B. racemosa. Antioxidant activity was measured by using FTC, TBA and DPPH free radical scavenging methods and Griess assay
A pair of PCR primers for the rapid detection of bile salt hydrolase (bsh) gene from Bifidobacter... more A pair of PCR primers for the rapid detection of bile salt hydrolase (bsh) gene from Bifidobacterium longum BB536 has been synthesised and have revealed the bsh gene of approx 970 bp in Bifidobacterium longum BB 536 but not in other species of bacteria tested. The bsh gene was cloned and sequenced showing a high similarity to bsh gene previously
A panel of six monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the nucleocapsid (NP) protein of Newcastle di... more A panel of six monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the nucleocapsid (NP) protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was produced by immunization of Balb/c mice with purified recombinant NP protein. Western Blot analysis showed that all the mAbs recognized linearized NP epitopes. Three different NP antigenic sites were identified using deleted truncated NP mutants purified from Escherichia coli. One of the
The Journal of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, 2002
Eight selective nitrogen-sulfur donor ligands have been synthesized from the condensation of S-me... more Eight selective nitrogen-sulfur donor ligands have been synthesized from the condensation of S-methyldithiocarbazate (SMDTC) with aldehydes and ketones with a view to evaluating their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, and also to correlate the biological properties with the structure of the ligands. The compounds were all characterized by elemental analyses and other physicochemical techniques. SMDTC and the Schiff bases were screened for antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. SMDTC showed very large inhibition zones (24-44 mm) against bacteria and fungi with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 390-25,000 and 1562-6250 microg ml(-1), against different bacteria and fungi, respectively. Streptomycin and nystatin were used as the internal standards against bacteria and fungi, respectively. SMDTC along with its Schiff bases with pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde, acetylacetone and 2,3-butanedione were strongly antifungal and the MIC values were comparable to nystatin. Most of the Schiff bases were strongly cytotoxic. In particular, those with pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde and 2,3-butanedione have CD(50) values of 5.5, 1.9-2.0 microg ml(-1), respectively, against leukemic cells, while against colon cancer cells, the values were 3.7 and 2.0 microg ml(-1), respectively. The glyoxal Schiff base was strongly active only against leukemic cell with CD(50) value of 4.0 microg ml(-1). The present findings have been compared with standard drugs.
Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus based on PCR (ERIC-PCR) was used to generate DNA ... more Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus based on PCR (ERIC-PCR) was used to generate DNA fingerprints for bifidobacteria and other probiotic bacteria. Two primers (ERIC 1R and ERIC 2) used in ERIC-PCR revealed that all of the probiotic bacteria tested possess enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequences with the PCR products ranging from 250 bp to 5000 bp. The bacterial strains can be differentiated by comparing fingerprint patterns. The dendrogram of the fingerprints revealed that most of the bifidobacterial wild type strains fell into one cluster at similarity level of approximately 79%.
Two new garcinia acid derivatives, 2-(butoxycarbonylmethyl)-3-butoxycarbonyl-2-hydroxy-3-propanol... more Two new garcinia acid derivatives, 2-(butoxycarbonylmethyl)-3-butoxycarbonyl-2-hydroxy-3-propanolide and 1Ј,1Љ-dibutyl methyl hydroxycitrate, were isolated from the fruits of Garcinia atroviridis guided by TLC bioautography against the fungus Cladosporium herbarum. The structures of these compounds were established by spectral analysis. The former compound represents a unique -lactone structure and the latter compound is most likely an artefact of garcinia acid (= hydroxycitric acid). Both compounds showed selective antifungal activity comparable to that of cycloheximide (MID: 0.5 µg/spot) only against C. herbarum at the MIDs of 0.4 and 0.8 µg/spot but were inactive against bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli), other fungi (Alternaria sp., Fusarium moniliforme and Aspergillus ochraceous) including the yeast Candida albicans.
The leaf and bark oils of Cinnamomum aureofulvum Gamb. were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The leaf oi... more The leaf and bark oils of Cinnamomum aureofulvum Gamb. were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The leaf oil was made up predominantly of benzyl benzoate (43.4%), benzyl alcohol (8.1%) and linalool (7.3%), whereas the bark oil contained cinnamaldehyde (46.6%), linalool (14.6%) and eugenol (5.0%) as the major components. The oils were screened for antibacterial activity against two Gram positive bacteria
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is one of the most economically important avian virus which affects... more Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is one of the most economically important avian virus which affects the poultry industry worldwide. Although NDV is being very actively studied in Malaysia, there are still no studies on its potential as an anticancer agent, a new approach to treating cancer known as virotherapy. Currently, a collaborative research is being undertaken between Universiti Putra Malaysia
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