Papers by Xoaquin Moreira Tome
(MBG). CSIC. Apdo. 28. 36080-PONTEVEDRA (España). * Primeira-autoria partilhada. Resumo A doença ... more (MBG). CSIC. Apdo. 28. 36080-PONTEVEDRA (España). * Primeira-autoria partilhada. Resumo A doença da murchidão do pinheiro é uma doença grave que afecta florestas de coníferas com uma elevada taxa de mortalidade, sendo causada pelo nemátode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Dado que este organismo foi recentemente introduzido na Europa, é importante determinar o grau de susceptibilidade de espécies florestais autóctones ao nemátode. Neste trabalho optimizou-se um teste de susceptibilidade para utilização num grande número de amostras. O teste baseia-se na capacidade de nemátodes virulentos atravessarem secções de 5 cm de ramos jovens, com cerca de 2 cm de diâmetro. O processo de optimização passou pela forja de recipientes de dimensões adequadas, criação de um modo de sustentar os ramos em posição vertical, optimização do volume de água onde a base do ramo fica mergulhada e criação de um modo de evitar a desidratação do topo do ramo após inoculação. O crescimento dos nemátodes em laboratório também passou por um scale-up para obtenção de nemátodes em grande quantidade, passando do crescimento em tubos de ensaio para sacos. O teste foi optimizado usando ramos de Pinus pinaster, mas pode ser adaptado a outras espécies. Palavras-chave: NMP, Doença da murchidão do pinheiro, Virulência do NMP Resumen La seca súbita del pino es una grave enfermedad que origina una elevada tasa de mortalidad en las masas de coníferas debido al ataque por el nemátodo de la madera del pino Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Dado que este organismo fue recientemente introducido en Europa, es importante determinar el grado de susceptibilidad de las especies forestales autóctonas al mismo. En este trabajo hemos optimizado un test in vitro de susceptibilidad al nemátodo para ser empleado con un gran número de muestras vegeta-21
Particularidades del ciclo de vida de las coníferas Amplia distribución que abarca suelos y clima... more Particularidades del ciclo de vida de las coníferas Amplia distribución que abarca suelos y climas muy variados y variables El reparto de recursos entre las funciones vitales Reproducción Crecimiento Agua Luz Nutrientes NPK Defensa La mejor combinación óptima para cada circunstancia ambiental. Los recursos son limitados Pero los repartos implican conflictos Cada función aporta diferentes beneficios y presenta diferentes costes
Ecology Letters, 2014
There is increasing evidence that geographic and climatic clines drive the patterns of plant defe... more There is increasing evidence that geographic and climatic clines drive the patterns of plant defence allocation and defensive strategies. We quantified early growth rate and both constitutive and inducible chemical defences of 18 Pinaceae species in a common greenhouse environment and assessed their defensive allocation with respect to each species' range across climatic gradients spanning 31 o latitude and 2300 m elevation. Constitutive defences traded-off with induced defences, and these defensive strategies were associated with growth rate such that slow-growing species invested more in constitutive defence, whereas fast-growing species invested more in inducible defence. The position of each pine species along this trade-off axis was in turn associated with geography; moving poleward and to higher elevations, growth rate and inducible defences decreased, while constitutive defence increased. These geographic patterns in plant defence were most strongly associated with variation in temperature. Climatic and geographical clines thus act as drivers of defence profiles by mediating the constraints imposed by trade-offs, and this dynamic underlays global patterns of defence allocation.
American journal of botany, 2015
Background/Question/Methods Ant-aphid interactions provide a well-studied and canonical example o... more Background/Question/Methods Ant-aphid interactions provide a well-studied and canonical example of protection mutualisms. There is growing evidence for how these interactions can be influenced by the plants upon which they occur. In turn, plant effects on ant-aphid interactions may feed back to determine levels of herbivory and plant performance. Accordingly, understanding plant influences over ant-aphid interactions is central to predicting under what circumstances ant-tending aphids are beneficial or costly to plants. I will review the results of experiments from several plant systems (Asclepias syriaca, Baccharis salicifolia, Epilobium angustifolium, Valeriana edulis) that investigate the influence of plant genetics on ant-aphid interactions at three hierarchical scales: First, the influence of plant sex in dioecious species, thus investigating the effects of variation in sex determination genes alone. Second, the influence of intraspecific plant genetic variation, thus investiga...
Trees
Key message Migration ability of the PWN through wood branch tissues of adult Maritime pine trees... more Key message Migration ability of the PWN through wood branch tissues of adult Maritime pine trees significantly differed among Iberian provenances and this variation was related to differences in anatomical and chemical defensive traits. Abstract The pinewood nematode or pine wilt nematode (PWN; Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is one of the most dangerous threats to European coniferous forests, especially for the susceptible Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster), a valuable forest resource in South Western Europe. The PWN is vectored by beetles of the genus Monochamus (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) and once inoculated in healthy branches, it quickly migrates downward to the main trunk through the resin canal system. Therefore, the anatomy of the resin canal system may modulate its migration and proliferation rates. Using material from nine Maritime pine Iberian provenances established in a common garden trial, we investigated whether these provenances differed in their (1) resin canal anatomy, (2)...
Journal of Biogeography, 2014
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Papers by Xoaquin Moreira Tome