Papers by Vijayakumar Palled
International journal of research in agronomy, Apr 1, 2024
Drones have revolutionized modern agriculture by offering precision and efficiency in pesticide s... more Drones have revolutionized modern agriculture by offering precision and efficiency in pesticide spraying. This study evaluates the performance of a hexacopter drone for pesticide application and aims to determine the optimal combination of operational parameters to maximize swath width. The independent parameters include type of nozzle (flat fan nozzle, hollow cone nozzle and spinning disc nozzle), forward speed (2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 m s-1) and height of spray (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 m) while swath width is the performance evaluation criterion. The experiments were conducted using Taguchi L-25 orthogonal experimental design, the study identifies a combination of a forward speed of 6 m/s, a height of spray at 3 m, and a spinning disc nozzle as optimal, resulting in a swath width of 7.19 m. These findings emphasize the importance of selecting appropriate operational parameters for effective pesticide application.
Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Jun 11, 2013
JOURNAL OF ECO-FRIENDLY AGRICULTURE
Globally, most popularised issue is burning of crop residues which has an adverse effect on the e... more Globally, most popularised issue is burning of crop residues which has an adverse effect on the environment and human health. According to the estimates of Sardar Patel Renewable Energy Research Institute (2004), about 72 Mt crop residues are burnt on-farm. Apart from burning, the crop residues have several uses viz., soil mulching, manure, power generation, animal feed etc. Hence, straw mulching in paddy stubble field was studied based on the effect of straw moisture on mulching parameters viz., length of chopped material, cutting efficiency and uniformity of spreading. The moisture content of paddy was taken at intervals after harvesting of crop i.e., 20, 30 and 40 days after harvest. The straw moisture content at these intervals are found to be 15, 19 and 24 percent respectively. The length of chopped material increased linearly with straw moisture content and varied from 15 to 24 cm. There is a decreasing trend of cutting efficiency with increase in straw moisture content and va...
Ecology, Environment and Conservation
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) popularly known as “Jowar”, a cereal grain found in tropical and sub... more Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) popularly known as “Jowar”, a cereal grain found in tropical and subtropical climate. India ranks fifth in total sorghum production with 4.7 million tonnes (USDA, 2020). Sorghum is grown in India in an area about 4.82 m ha with production of 4.78 m tonnes and productivity of 989 kg/ ha.In Karnataka, it is grown in 0.94 m ha with a production of 0.98 million tonnes and productivity of 945 kg/ha (INDIASTAT, 2020). A designed and fabricated laboratory test-rig of a pendulum impact tester was used to conduct the experiment in the Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering, Raichur. The experiment was conducted to determine the engineering properties of sorghum stalk. The independent variables viz., two types of blades (smooth edge and serrated blade), four levels different stalk diameters (12, 16, 20, 24 mm) and three levels of blade cutting velocity (4.40, 6.30, 7.40 m/s) were selected. Results showed that the ma...
Ecology, Environment and Conservation
Investigation on thermal gasification of different biomass materials viz., Pigeon pea stalk (Caja... more Investigation on thermal gasification of different biomass materials viz., Pigeon pea stalk (Cajanus cajan),Cotton stalk (Gossypium hirsutum) and Vilaytee babool (Prosopis juliflora) in a downdraft gasifier (1 Kw capacity) was conducted to study the effect of air velocity, type and particle size of biomass. The influenceof three different particle sizes viz. 25-50, 50-75, 75-100 mm, at three different air velocities viz., 2.4, 7.4 and12.4 m s-1 on biomass consumption rate, gas flow rate and gasification yield was investigated. With theincrease in particle size, the reduction in biomass consumption rate was observed, whereas the increase inair velocity increased the biomass consumption rate. Similar trend was observed in gas flow rate andgasification yield respectively. Under the experiment conditions, the biomass consumption rate, gas flowrate and gasification yield of selected biomass material varied in the range of 3.80 to 7.76 kg h-1, 6.13 to 14.40Nm3 h-1 and 1.40 to 2.30 Nm3 kg-...
The system of education was well-organized. It was suited to the needs of the society education w... more The system of education was well-organized. It was suited to the needs of the society education was considered as the greatest gift in ancient India. It was aimed at the development of personality of an individual to his maximum extent. Education helped in the realization of spiritual & moral values, besides preparing for worldly pursuits. It was freely available to all those who wanted the relations between teachers and the pupils were based on love and affection. They were very cordial & intimate. The present paper highlights on Introduction, Significance of the study, title of the problem, operarational definitions of the term used,, objectives and hypothesis of the study, Methodology, The present research papers carried out on to known the how job satisfaction,and teaching aptitutued influences on attitutude towards teaching profession among primary scholl teachers of Bellagum district. The reveals that out of these three relationships i.e job satisfaction and teaching aptitude ...
Energies
The major challenges in sustainable and profitable agriculture are developing high-yielding crop ... more The major challenges in sustainable and profitable agriculture are developing high-yielding crop varieties and reducing crop losses. Presently, there are significant crop losses due to weed/bird/insect/animal attacks. Among the various renewable energy sources, solar energy is utilized for different agricultural operations, especially in plant protection applications. Solar photovoltaic (PV) devices present a positive approach to sustainable crop production by reducing crop loss in various ways. This might result in the extensive use of PV devices in the near future. PV-based plant protection equipment/devices are primarily utilized in protecting crops from birds, weeds, or insects. Solar-powered plant protection equipment such as light traps, bird scarers, sprayers, weeders, and fencing are gaining interest due to their lower operational costs, simple design, no fuel requirements, and zero carbon emissions. Most of these PV devices require 12 V rechargeable batteries with different...
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, RAICHUR, May 30, 2013
Environment and Ecology, 2013
2016 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2020
The physical properties of seeds are essential for the design of equipment for handling and plant... more The physical properties of seeds are essential for the design of equipment for handling and planting the kernels in precise manner. A study was conducted to investigate physical properties of chickpea seeds at different levels of moisture content 16.41-25.65% (d.b.). The average value of length, width and thickness varied from 8.27-9.39 mm, 6.16-7.02mm and 5.59-6.62mm respectively. Geometric mean diameter and sphericity varied 6.57-7.58 mm and 79.55– 80.77 percent, respectively. Average value of bulk density and true density varied from 722.02 to 689.05 kgm-3 and 875.09 to 850.51 kgm-3 respectively. The angle of repose ranged between 22.34 to 25.52°. The roundness of chickpea ranged between 0.77 to 0.80, seed weight 230.81 to 248.11 respectively.
Ecology, Environment and Conservation, 2022
The present study aimed at investigating the potential of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as a viable alk... more The present study aimed at investigating the potential of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as a viable alkaline reagent for lignocellulosic pre treatment considering its various benefits of pre treatment. Prosopis juliflora was pre treated with different NaOH concentrations of 1â3 % for varying treatment times of 15-60 min at temperatures of 100, 120 and 140 °C in an autoclave. Maximum lignin reductions at different temperatures were all obtained at the combinations of highest NaOH concentrations and longest treatment times, which indicated a close relationship between pre treatment severity and lignin reduction. The highest carbohydrate retention of 65.09 per cent was observed in the sample pre treated at 120 °C with 2% NaOH and 60 min. Three pre treatment conditions were selected for subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis with Cellic CTec2® enzyme complex for fermentable sugar production along with untreated biomass as control to study the soaking effect. The biomass pretreated with 2.0 % Na...
An ORP demonstration was carried out in selected villages of Raichur district to evaluate and dem... more An ORP demonstration was carried out in selected villages of Raichur district to evaluate and demonstrate the technical soundness of improved cookstoves of Udairaj model for adoption by the rural women. The performance of the improved cookstoves was evaluated in terms of thermal efficiency and power output rating. Also, to analyse the adoption behaviour, the attributes such as relative advantag e and compatibility were considered for the study. The re sults indicated that, the thermal efficiency of dou ble pot improved cookstove of Udairaj model varied from 24 - 26 per cent as compared to that of 10 - 12 per ce nt for traditional chulha, while the power output rating of these chulhas was 1.42 and 0.98 kW, respectively. After installation of these cookstoves in identifie d households, it was observed that the improved coo kstoves scored high relative advantage and compatibility as compared to the traditional chulhas. The relative advantage and compatibility of Udairaj model cookstove...
International Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 2012
Lignocellulose-to-ethanol conversion is a promising technology to supplement starch based ethanol... more Lignocellulose-to-ethanol conversion is a promising technology to supplement starch based ethanol production. Prosopis juliflora, a problematic weed has been recently suggested as one of the alternative lignocellulosic biomass materials for cellulosic ethanol production. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) pretreatment performed at 100, 120 and 140 °C in an autoclave at 15 psi, with combination of residence times (15, 30, and 60 min) and NaOH concentrations (1, 2 and 3%) indicated that almost 51% of solids were dissolved at 140 °C after 60 min pretreatment with 3% NaOH concentration. The corresponding maximum lignin reductions of 48.39, 67.01 and 74.79% were obtained at 100, 120 and 140 °C respectively for 1 h, 3.0% NaOH concentrations. Hydrolysis was carried out with CTec2® Cellulase enzyme at different loading levels (0, 15 and 30%) and the results showed that the maximum rate of saccharification (26.07 mg/g/h) was attained at 12 h for sample pretreated at 120 °C, 60 min, 2% NaOH loaded with ...
This paper reveals the scope for utilization of biodiesel blends with petrol diesel in agricultur... more This paper reveals the scope for utilization of biodiesel blends with petrol diesel in agricultural tractor for tillage operations for addressing the problem of fu el crisis. The blends were prepared on volume basis in proportions of 20:80, 40:60, 60:40 and designated as B20, B40, B60 respectively and their physico-chemical propert ies were determined/measured and compared with petro-diesel (B0). The performance of agricultural tractor in te rms of specific draft, drawbar power, fuel consumption and fuel efficiency were assessed following the RNAM test codes and the exhaust emission of the tractor was also an alysed using exhaust gas analyzer at three selected forward speeds viz., 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 km h-1 during tillage operations. The results revealed that the specific draft and drawbar power of tractor were not affected by the blends bu t significantly affected by forward speed. However, the fuel consumption and fuel efficiency were affected signi ficantly by both the blends and fo...
Rotary weeding blade is one of the important component for a tractor operated rotary weeder and n... more Rotary weeding blade is one of the important component for a tractor operated rotary weeder and need to be designed in such a way that they have enough strength in order to avoid the unbalancing force on the rotary weeder. The application of computer aided design (CAD) for structural analysis of rotary weeding blades on the basis of finite element method was carried out using ANSYS-software for three types of weeding blades viz., L, C and J-type. The different types of weeding blades are geometrically constrained with preparation of solid model and the simulation is done with actual field performance rating parameters along with boundary conditions. Prediction of stress distributions among the blades is important for the designers and manufacturers in order to minimize the errors and breakdowns. The analysis showed that, the maximum and minimum principal stresses were found to be 439.35 and 9.09 MPa respectively with a total deformation of 3.05 mm for L-type blade. Whereas for C-typ...
One unit of solar tunnel dryer of 18 m X 3.75 m size was commissioned at farmer’s field in Kotnek... more One unit of solar tunnel dryer of 18 m X 3.75 m size was commissioned at farmer’s field in Kotnekal village of Raichur district of northern Karnataka and evaluated its performance for chilly drying. A maximum temperature of 58.5 °C was recorded at 14:00 hours inside the solar tunnel dryer during drying process which was 41.02 per cent higher than the maximum ambient temperature (34.5 °C) at the same time. On an average, a total drying time of 50 drying hours (6 – 7 sunny days) were required for solar tunnel dryer to reduce the moisture content of chilly from initial value of 76 per cent (w.b.) to a final moisture content of 9 per cent (w.b.) while the open sun drying required on an average 105 drying hours (13 – 14 sunny days) to obtain same level of moisture content which resulted in a net saving in drying time of 52.38 per cent for solar tunnel dryer over open sun drying.
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Papers by Vijayakumar Palled