Skip to main content

Stål Bjørkly

Followers

66

Following

20

Co-authors

17

Mentions

7

Public Views

I'm a professor in clinical psychology in Molde University College and research consultant in Oslo University Hospital. One main task is to do clinical research to improve assessment and treatment of psychotic persons with violence. I have published about 150 referee-based papers/chapters.

less

Interests

Uploads

Papers by Stål Bjørkly

Bandura’s Self-Efficacy Model Used to Explore Participants’ Experiences of Health, Lifestyle, and Work After Attending a Vocational Rehabilitation Program with Lifestyle Intervention – A Focus Group Study

Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare

Purpose: We aimed to use the self-efficacy model to examine the participants' experience, attitud... more Purpose: We aimed to use the self-efficacy model to examine the participants' experience, attitudes, and viewpoints regarding the association between work, health and lifestyle factors that influence work participation after completing a new one-year multidisciplinary vocational rehabilitation (VR) programme with a lifestyle intervention for people on or at risk of sick leave due to obesity or obesity-related problems. Materials and Methods: This case study was based on focus group (FG) interviews with 11 previous participants. The interviews were conducted 2 to 4 years after they completed the program, between August and September 2019. The analysis followed Braun and Clarke's six-phase reflexive thematic analysis (RTA) approach. Results: The main theme "Work participation enhances quality of life" was prominent and related to mastery experience. Four sub-themes directly and indirectly affect work participation. The first sub-theme is "My attitude to life", influenced by mastery experiences. Next, "Body size matters", related to physiological and affective states. "Good physical capacity profit in everyday life" is associated to physiological and affective states, and the last "Support from the surroundings" influenced by vicarious experience and Verbal Persuasion. Conclusion: This study's main finding highlights how participants value work participation as a meaningful activity that positively influences their work self-efficacy. Future VR programs should pay attention to interventions focusing on the workplace, cognitive approaches to develop skills for coping strategies, lifestyle change purposing BMI reduction, physical activity, and support from the surroundings. Clinical Trials: Technical information about the study on Clinical Trials NCT03286374.

Supplemental Material, Hoy_et_al_2012_risk_of_bias_prevalence - Mandatory Reporting of Intimate Partner Violence: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review

This tool is designed to assess the risk of bias in population-based prevalence studies. Please r... more This tool is designed to assess the risk of bias in population-based prevalence studies. Please read the additional notes for each item when initially using the tool. Note: If there is insufficient information in the article to permit a judgement for a particular item, please answer No (HIGH RISK) for that particular item. Risk of bias item Criteria for answers (please circle one option) Additional notes and examples

Intimate partner homicide

Routledge eBooks, Mar 17, 2021

IPV Characteristics, Childhood Violence, and Adversities as Risk Factors for Being Victimized in Multiple IPV Relationships

Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Jun 26, 2020

Empirical knowledge regarding risk factors for intimate partner violence (IPV) from multiple part... more Empirical knowledge regarding risk factors for intimate partner violence (IPV) from multiple partners (MP) is scarce and sought by clinicians and many women themselves for the prevention of future intimate partner violence relationships (IPVRs). Quantitative data were obtained through a structured interview with a stratified sample of help-seeking women (N = 154) with no (n = 48, 0IPVR), one (n = 55, 1IPVR), or multiple (n = 51, 2IPVR) IPVRs. This study investigated the association between (a) childhood family violence, (b) other childhood adversities, (c) victimization and perpetration of IPV in the last (index) relationship, and (d) controlling sociodemographic and contextual variables, and the following dependent variables: (a) women with 1IPVR and 2IPVR compared with 0IPVR and (b) women with 1IPVR compared with 2IPVR. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that, compared with nonvictimized women, IPV victimized women were nearly three times more likely to report childhood sexual abuse. They also reported a higher frequency of peer victimization and a higher likelihood of

A Prospective Biopsychosocial Repeated Measures Study of Stress and Dropout from Substance Addiction Treatment

Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation, Jul 1, 2023

This prospective, repeated-measures observational study tested biopsychosocial variables as risk ... more This prospective, repeated-measures observational study tested biopsychosocial variables as risk factors for dropping out of inpatient substance addiction treatment. Substance use disorder (SUD) is viewed as a chronic relapsing disease caused by an interaction between biological, psychological, and social factors. However, there is a lack of prospective studies that combine biopsychosocial variables when assessing dropout. The aims of this study were to investigate whether there was 1) An association between biopsychosocial factors and dropping out of inpatient substance addiction treatment, 2) An interaction with SUD diagnosis and cortisol, and 3) Different dropout rates between short-term and long-term institutions. Materials and Methods: Patients (n = 173) were recruited from two inpatient treatment centers in Norway between 2018 and 2021. The following biopsychosocial variables were measured at four timepoints: ward atmosphere (Ward Atmosphere Scale, WAS), psychological distress (Hopkins Symptom Checklist 10, HSCL-10), motivation (M-scale of the Circumstances, Motivation, Readiness, and Suitability questionnaire), and concentration of salivary cortisol (CORT-nmol/L). Cortisol levels were measured for two consecutive days at each timepoint and calculated by two cortisol indices, daytime cortisol slope (DCS) and area under the curve with respect to the ground (AUC G). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to find an association between dropout rates and the biopsychosocial variables. Results: The results suggest a lower dropout odds for patients with high motivation (OR = 0.76, p = 0.022) and patients admitted to short-term treatment (OR = 0.06, p = 0.005). An interaction with stimulant SUD and DCS (OR = 13.74, p = 0.024) also revealed higher dropout odds. No statistical significance was found for psychological distress, WAS, and cortisol AUC G. Conclusion: The results support monitoring motivation during treatment and further investigating biopsychosocial variables when assessing dropout risk together with SUD diagnosis.

Long term outcomes and causal modelling of compulsory inpatient and outpatient mental health care using Norwegian registry data: Protocol for a controversies in psychiatry research project

International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, Jul 8, 2023

Soccer players' perceptions of their coping strategies: a screening evaluation before and after a sport psychology service delivery

International Journal of Sport Psychology, Jan 15, 2007

Scale for the Prediction of Aggression and Dangerousness in Psychotic Patients, an Introduction

Psychological Reports, Dec 1, 1993

The Report Form for Aggressive Episodes (REFA) in the treatment of violent psychotic patients

Springer eBooks, 2001

Precise measurement of aggression is fundamental. The deficiencies of standard hospital report ro... more Precise measurement of aggression is fundamental. The deficiencies of standard hospital report routines, such as ward communication books, incident reports and hospital charts for the reporting of aggressive incidents have repeatedly been emphasized1,2. Thus, the need for valid, reliable instruments capable of quantifying the nature and frequency of aggressive behaviour is clear. It is proposed here that these instruments should meet pertinent clinical and research requirements such as: 1) accurate operational criteria for the definition of aggression, 2) adequate emphasis on assessing situational variables, and 3) being easy to use and in the interest of nurses.

Nurses are better equipped for evidence-based practice following postgraduate study

Sykepleien Nett, 2018

Background: Norwegian health authorities expect the health service to be evidence-based. In order... more Background: Norwegian health authorities expect the health service to be evidence-based. In order to meet this expectation, Molde University College established a postgraduate study programme in EBP in 2009. Objective: To examine whether postgraduate study in EBP helped nurses to change their attitudes and behaviour in relation to EBP. Method: A cross-sectional study with a pretest-posttest design. Nurses (n = 62) answered the Norwegian versions of the Evidence-Based Practice Beliefs Scale and Evidence-Based Practice Implementation Scale at the start (n = 56) and end (n = 55) of a postgraduate study programme in EBP. Results: The response rate was 90.3 at pretesting and 88.7 at posttesting. The distribution of responses to both scales showed good internal consistency. That is, the nurses did not use the scales in a random or unreliable way. The change between pretest and posttest was statistically signi cant for 5 of 16 items in the EBP Beliefs Scale and for 10 of 18 items in the EBP Implementation Scale. Conclusion: The results indicate that postgraduate study strengthened nurses' positive attitude towards EBP. In conclusion, the nurses reported increased activity in connection with the rst four steps in EBP. However, it was beyond the scope of this investigation to assess whether this change actually resulted in more and improved evidence-based practice.

Transcultural adaptation and assessment of psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Scale for the Evaluation of Staff-Patient Interactions in Progress Notes

PLOS ONE, Mar 28, 2023

Purpose To adapt the Scale for the Evaluation of Staff Patient Interactions in Progress Notes to ... more Purpose To adapt the Scale for the Evaluation of Staff Patient Interactions in Progress Notes to Spanish and to test the psychometric properties. Design and methods The study was conducted in two phases: (1) Adaptation of the instrument to Spanish following the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing. (2) Psychometric study in a sample of mental health nurses. Findings The Cronbach’s alpha values were 0.97 for the total scale and 0.83 to 0.81 for each dimension. The inter-rater reliability values were between 0.94 and 0.97. Practice implications The scale is a reliable tool for assessing nurses’ clinical notes in relation to the quality of nurse-patient interactions.

Protective Factors Against Psychological Distress Among Inpatients in Substance Use Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Study

Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment

Several studies have found co-occurrence between substance abuse and mental health problems, as w... more Several studies have found co-occurrence between substance abuse and mental health problems, as well as an association between treatment retention and psychological distress. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of possible protective factors with psychological distress. The present study tested physical activity, self-esteem and sense of coherence, and psychological distress level among inpatients in substance use treatment. The study design was cross-sectional and multicenter. Patients (N = 167) were recruited in 2018 from 10 Norwegian inpatient facilities. They self-reported on 3 validated measurement instruments: Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Antonovsky’s Sense of Coherence Scale, and frequency of physical activity. The Hopkins Symptom Checklist-10 was used as an outcome variable of psychological distress. The associations were investigated with multiple linear and logistic regression methods. The results suggested that high self-esteem and sense of coherence ...

Factor structure and internal consistency of the parent patient activation measure (P-PAM) in parents of children with ADHD in Norwegian paediatric mental health

BMC Psychiatry

Background This study aimed to explore the internal consistency and factor validity of the 13-ite... more Background This study aimed to explore the internal consistency and factor validity of the 13-item self-report questionnaire Parent-Patient Activation Measure (P-PAM) in a sample of parents of children with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 239 parents were recruited from four outpatient clinics of the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services and completed the P-PAM along with demographic variables. The factor structure of the P-PAM was examined through exploratory factor analysis, and internal consistency was estimated with the use of both Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega. A confirmatory factor analysis was used to estimate and test individual parameters. Results The fit indices suggest an acceptable two-factor model of P-PAM and show high internal consistency and reliability for both factors, indicating that the scale measures two concepts. Conclusions Our findings provide evidence for an acceptable factor structure and a high re...

Terapeutisk relasjon – en hjørnestein i miljøterapi – hva viser sykepleierapportene?

Nordisk sygeplejeforskning

Is There an Association Between Salivary Cortisol and Dropping Out of Inpatient Substance Addiction Treatments? A Prospective Repeated Measures Study

Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment

Several studies have found an association between salivary cortisol levels and dropping out of in... more Several studies have found an association between salivary cortisol levels and dropping out of inpatient substance addiction treatment programs. The results are mixed due to variations in the study design and the lack of standardized routines for cortisol assessment. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there was (1) an association between salivary cortisol levels and dropping out from inpatient substance addiction treatments; (2) higher predictive validity for dropout in one of the cortisol indexes: Area Under the Curve with respect to ground (AUCG) or Daily Cortisol Slope (DCS); (3) an interaction effect with time for each cortisol index; and (4) different dropout rates for sex and patients in short-term versus long-term treatment programs. This was a prospective, repeated-measures observational study. Patients (n = 173) were recruited from 2 inpatient facilities in the central region of Norway between 2018 and 2021. Salivary cortisol was measured 4 times during the tr...

Changes to body mass index, work self-efficacy, health-related quality of life, and work participation in people with obesity after vocational rehabilitation: a prospective observational study

BMC Public Health, 2021

Background People on or at risk of sick leave from work due to obesity or obesity-related problem... more Background People on or at risk of sick leave from work due to obesity or obesity-related problems participated in a new vocational rehabilitation (VR). The study aimed to examine the outcome changes in the participants’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL), body mass index (BMI), return to work self-efficacy (RTWSE), work ability scale (WAS) and degree of work participation (DWP) after their participation in the 12-month VR programme. The secondary aim was to examine associations between the outcome changes and HRQoL at 12-month follow-up, measured with the HRQoL 15D instrument (15D). Methods This prospective observational study included 95 participants. The one-year multidisciplinary VR programme with an integrated work and lifestyle intervention included 4 weeks of inpatient stay followed-up by 5 meetings. A paired sample t-test was used to examine changes in HRQoL, BMI, RTWSE, WAS, and DWP between baseline and the 12-month follow-up. Multiple linear regression analyses explore...

Lifestyle and Work-Related Factors Associated with Work Ability and Work Participation for People with Obesity: A Prospective Observational Study After Vocational Rehabilitation

Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 2021

Purpose: We aimed to investigate which changes in the explanatory factors that were associated wi... more Purpose: We aimed to investigate which changes in the explanatory factors that were associated with positive change in the work ability score (WAS) and degree of work participation (DWP) for participants in a new 1-year vocational rehabilitation (VR) program for people on or at risk of sick leave due to obesity or obesity-related problems. Patients and Methods: This prospective observational study included 95 participants with a body mass index (BMI) above 30 kg/m 2. The 1-year multidisciplinary VR program with an integrated work and lifestyle intervention included 4 weeks of inpatient stay followed-up by five meetings. Differences between baseline and 12-month follow-up data were analyzed for the change in explanatory variables WAS, DWP, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), BMI, and return-to-work self-efficacy (RTWSE). The primary outcome was measured by multiple linear regression for predicting WAS and DWP. Results: We found significant changes in WAS (1.51, 95% CI: 0.83 to 2.20, p<0.001), DWP (18.69, 95% CI: 8.35 to 29.02, p<0.001), HRQoL (2.57, 95% CI: 1.35 to 3.79, p<0.001), BMI (−2.33, 95% CI: −3.10 to −1.56, p<0.001), and in RTWSE (15.89, 95% CI: 4.07 to 27.71, p = 0.009). Regression analysis yielded a strong association between WAS at 12month follow-up with an increase in HRQoL (β=0.27, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.38, p<0.001) and WAS baseline (β=0.49, 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.71, p<0.001). Further, regression analysis demonstrated a strong association between DWP at 12-month follow-up with return-to-work expectancy (RTWEXP) (β=−10.62, 95% CI: −15.25 to −6.03, p<0.001). Conclusion: The results indicate positive changes in WAS, DWP, HRQoL, BMI, and RTWSE from baseline to 12-month follow-up. For people with BMI above 30 kg/m 2 , changes in HRQoL are important for an increase in WAS, and a high RTWEXP is essential to achieve work participation. Future studies examining VR programs with lifestyle interventions for people with obesity are recommended.

Assessment of the Quality of Life in Parents of Children With ADHD: Validation of the Multicultural Quality of Life Index in Norwegian Pediatric Mental Health Settings

Frontiers in Psychology, 2021

Background: The brief generic Multicultural Quality of Life Index (MQLI) is a culturally informed... more Background: The brief generic Multicultural Quality of Life Index (MQLI) is a culturally informed self-report 10-item questionnaire used to measure health-related quality of life (QoL). QoL is an important outcome measure in guiding healthcare and is held as a substantial parameter to evaluate the effectiveness of healthcare. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children might negatively influence the parents’ QoL. Having a validated questionnaire to measure QoL for this population will therefore be a vital first step in guiding healthcare for parents of children with ADHD. We aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Norwegian version of the MQLI in a sample of parents of children with ADHD.Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 128 parents of children with ADHD were recruited from four outpatient clinics within the Child and Adolescents Mental Health Services (CAMHS) in Norway. They completed the MQLI along with an alternative well-being scale, the Five-item...

The quality and quantity of staff-patient interactions as recorded by staff. A registry study of nursing documentation in two inpatient mental health wards

BMC Psychiatry, 2019

Background: Therapeutic staff-patient interaction is fundamental in psychiatric care. It is recog... more Background: Therapeutic staff-patient interaction is fundamental in psychiatric care. It is recognized as a key to healing in and of itself, or a premise to enhance psychiatric treatment adherence. Still, little is known about how these interactions are recorded in nursing documentation. The purpose of the study was to assess the quality and quantity of staff-patient interactions as recorded in progress notes in nursing documentation. Methods: The study has an observational registry study design. A random sample of 3858 excerpts was selected from progress notes in 90 patient journals on an acute psychiatric unit and an open inpatient district psychiatric centre (DPC) in Norway. The Scale for the Evaluation of Staff-Patient Interactions in progress notes (SESPI) was used to assess the progress note excerpts. It is developed to assess the quality and quantity in excerpt descriptions of staff-patient interactions in terms of empathic attunement. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the total sample and for each ward separately. Ordinal and multinomial logistic regression were used to estimate control for shift type, staff education level, and type of hospital ward. Results: Only 7.6% of the total number of excerpts (N = 3858) described staff-patient interactions sufficiently to analyze them in terms of attunement. Compared to the DPC, the acute ward reported more staff-patient interactions. The evening excerpts reported more successful types of attunement than those from the night shifts. Education level did not contribute significantly to our models. Conclusion: These findings present a unique insight into the quality and quantity of mental health nursing documentation regarding staff-patient interactions. Therapeutic interactions where staff tried to attune to the patients were rarely described. However, this is the first study measuring nursing documentation with the SESPI, and more studies are required to validate the scale and our findings. One potential clinical implication of this research is the development of a scale that personnel in psychiatric wards can have for evaluation of the quality of their reporting practice with emphasis on staff-patient interactions. By regular use this may help keeping up emphasis on emphatic attunement in milieu treatment contexts.

Gender Differences in the Predictive Validity of a Violence Risk Screening Tool: A Prospective Study in an Acute Psychiatric Ward

International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 2016

ABSTRACT In this one-year prospective, naturalistic study in an acute psychiatric facility, we ex... more ABSTRACT In this one-year prospective, naturalistic study in an acute psychiatric facility, we explored gender differences between 230 men and 284 women regarding the predictive validity of the Violence risk screening-10 (V-RISK-10). Hospital staff recorded violent incidents during hospital stays (range 1–176 days; median: 5.5 days) resulting in 50 men (22%) and 30 women (11%) being recorded for violence. The predictive validity was significant for both genders, with ROC-AUCs of .79 for males and .80 for females. Scoring at cut-off or beyond indicated a two-fold increased risk of becoming violent for men and a three-fold risk for women. A lower score indicated a five-fold decrease in risk for both genders. Estimates of explained variance for the prediction model were higher for men. Findings indicate gender differences for risk factors of violence and highlight the need of further research on this issue.

Bandura’s Self-Efficacy Model Used to Explore Participants’ Experiences of Health, Lifestyle, and Work After Attending a Vocational Rehabilitation Program with Lifestyle Intervention – A Focus Group Study

Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare

Purpose: We aimed to use the self-efficacy model to examine the participants' experience, attitud... more Purpose: We aimed to use the self-efficacy model to examine the participants' experience, attitudes, and viewpoints regarding the association between work, health and lifestyle factors that influence work participation after completing a new one-year multidisciplinary vocational rehabilitation (VR) programme with a lifestyle intervention for people on or at risk of sick leave due to obesity or obesity-related problems. Materials and Methods: This case study was based on focus group (FG) interviews with 11 previous participants. The interviews were conducted 2 to 4 years after they completed the program, between August and September 2019. The analysis followed Braun and Clarke's six-phase reflexive thematic analysis (RTA) approach. Results: The main theme "Work participation enhances quality of life" was prominent and related to mastery experience. Four sub-themes directly and indirectly affect work participation. The first sub-theme is "My attitude to life", influenced by mastery experiences. Next, "Body size matters", related to physiological and affective states. "Good physical capacity profit in everyday life" is associated to physiological and affective states, and the last "Support from the surroundings" influenced by vicarious experience and Verbal Persuasion. Conclusion: This study's main finding highlights how participants value work participation as a meaningful activity that positively influences their work self-efficacy. Future VR programs should pay attention to interventions focusing on the workplace, cognitive approaches to develop skills for coping strategies, lifestyle change purposing BMI reduction, physical activity, and support from the surroundings. Clinical Trials: Technical information about the study on Clinical Trials NCT03286374.

Supplemental Material, Hoy_et_al_2012_risk_of_bias_prevalence - Mandatory Reporting of Intimate Partner Violence: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review

This tool is designed to assess the risk of bias in population-based prevalence studies. Please r... more This tool is designed to assess the risk of bias in population-based prevalence studies. Please read the additional notes for each item when initially using the tool. Note: If there is insufficient information in the article to permit a judgement for a particular item, please answer No (HIGH RISK) for that particular item. Risk of bias item Criteria for answers (please circle one option) Additional notes and examples

Intimate partner homicide

Routledge eBooks, Mar 17, 2021

IPV Characteristics, Childhood Violence, and Adversities as Risk Factors for Being Victimized in Multiple IPV Relationships

Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Jun 26, 2020

Empirical knowledge regarding risk factors for intimate partner violence (IPV) from multiple part... more Empirical knowledge regarding risk factors for intimate partner violence (IPV) from multiple partners (MP) is scarce and sought by clinicians and many women themselves for the prevention of future intimate partner violence relationships (IPVRs). Quantitative data were obtained through a structured interview with a stratified sample of help-seeking women (N = 154) with no (n = 48, 0IPVR), one (n = 55, 1IPVR), or multiple (n = 51, 2IPVR) IPVRs. This study investigated the association between (a) childhood family violence, (b) other childhood adversities, (c) victimization and perpetration of IPV in the last (index) relationship, and (d) controlling sociodemographic and contextual variables, and the following dependent variables: (a) women with 1IPVR and 2IPVR compared with 0IPVR and (b) women with 1IPVR compared with 2IPVR. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that, compared with nonvictimized women, IPV victimized women were nearly three times more likely to report childhood sexual abuse. They also reported a higher frequency of peer victimization and a higher likelihood of

A Prospective Biopsychosocial Repeated Measures Study of Stress and Dropout from Substance Addiction Treatment

Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation, Jul 1, 2023

This prospective, repeated-measures observational study tested biopsychosocial variables as risk ... more This prospective, repeated-measures observational study tested biopsychosocial variables as risk factors for dropping out of inpatient substance addiction treatment. Substance use disorder (SUD) is viewed as a chronic relapsing disease caused by an interaction between biological, psychological, and social factors. However, there is a lack of prospective studies that combine biopsychosocial variables when assessing dropout. The aims of this study were to investigate whether there was 1) An association between biopsychosocial factors and dropping out of inpatient substance addiction treatment, 2) An interaction with SUD diagnosis and cortisol, and 3) Different dropout rates between short-term and long-term institutions. Materials and Methods: Patients (n = 173) were recruited from two inpatient treatment centers in Norway between 2018 and 2021. The following biopsychosocial variables were measured at four timepoints: ward atmosphere (Ward Atmosphere Scale, WAS), psychological distress (Hopkins Symptom Checklist 10, HSCL-10), motivation (M-scale of the Circumstances, Motivation, Readiness, and Suitability questionnaire), and concentration of salivary cortisol (CORT-nmol/L). Cortisol levels were measured for two consecutive days at each timepoint and calculated by two cortisol indices, daytime cortisol slope (DCS) and area under the curve with respect to the ground (AUC G). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to find an association between dropout rates and the biopsychosocial variables. Results: The results suggest a lower dropout odds for patients with high motivation (OR = 0.76, p = 0.022) and patients admitted to short-term treatment (OR = 0.06, p = 0.005). An interaction with stimulant SUD and DCS (OR = 13.74, p = 0.024) also revealed higher dropout odds. No statistical significance was found for psychological distress, WAS, and cortisol AUC G. Conclusion: The results support monitoring motivation during treatment and further investigating biopsychosocial variables when assessing dropout risk together with SUD diagnosis.

Long term outcomes and causal modelling of compulsory inpatient and outpatient mental health care using Norwegian registry data: Protocol for a controversies in psychiatry research project

International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, Jul 8, 2023

Soccer players' perceptions of their coping strategies: a screening evaluation before and after a sport psychology service delivery

International Journal of Sport Psychology, Jan 15, 2007

Scale for the Prediction of Aggression and Dangerousness in Psychotic Patients, an Introduction

Psychological Reports, Dec 1, 1993

The Report Form for Aggressive Episodes (REFA) in the treatment of violent psychotic patients

Springer eBooks, 2001

Precise measurement of aggression is fundamental. The deficiencies of standard hospital report ro... more Precise measurement of aggression is fundamental. The deficiencies of standard hospital report routines, such as ward communication books, incident reports and hospital charts for the reporting of aggressive incidents have repeatedly been emphasized1,2. Thus, the need for valid, reliable instruments capable of quantifying the nature and frequency of aggressive behaviour is clear. It is proposed here that these instruments should meet pertinent clinical and research requirements such as: 1) accurate operational criteria for the definition of aggression, 2) adequate emphasis on assessing situational variables, and 3) being easy to use and in the interest of nurses.

Nurses are better equipped for evidence-based practice following postgraduate study

Sykepleien Nett, 2018

Background: Norwegian health authorities expect the health service to be evidence-based. In order... more Background: Norwegian health authorities expect the health service to be evidence-based. In order to meet this expectation, Molde University College established a postgraduate study programme in EBP in 2009. Objective: To examine whether postgraduate study in EBP helped nurses to change their attitudes and behaviour in relation to EBP. Method: A cross-sectional study with a pretest-posttest design. Nurses (n = 62) answered the Norwegian versions of the Evidence-Based Practice Beliefs Scale and Evidence-Based Practice Implementation Scale at the start (n = 56) and end (n = 55) of a postgraduate study programme in EBP. Results: The response rate was 90.3 at pretesting and 88.7 at posttesting. The distribution of responses to both scales showed good internal consistency. That is, the nurses did not use the scales in a random or unreliable way. The change between pretest and posttest was statistically signi cant for 5 of 16 items in the EBP Beliefs Scale and for 10 of 18 items in the EBP Implementation Scale. Conclusion: The results indicate that postgraduate study strengthened nurses' positive attitude towards EBP. In conclusion, the nurses reported increased activity in connection with the rst four steps in EBP. However, it was beyond the scope of this investigation to assess whether this change actually resulted in more and improved evidence-based practice.

Transcultural adaptation and assessment of psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Scale for the Evaluation of Staff-Patient Interactions in Progress Notes

PLOS ONE, Mar 28, 2023

Purpose To adapt the Scale for the Evaluation of Staff Patient Interactions in Progress Notes to ... more Purpose To adapt the Scale for the Evaluation of Staff Patient Interactions in Progress Notes to Spanish and to test the psychometric properties. Design and methods The study was conducted in two phases: (1) Adaptation of the instrument to Spanish following the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing. (2) Psychometric study in a sample of mental health nurses. Findings The Cronbach’s alpha values were 0.97 for the total scale and 0.83 to 0.81 for each dimension. The inter-rater reliability values were between 0.94 and 0.97. Practice implications The scale is a reliable tool for assessing nurses’ clinical notes in relation to the quality of nurse-patient interactions.

Protective Factors Against Psychological Distress Among Inpatients in Substance Use Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Study

Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment

Several studies have found co-occurrence between substance abuse and mental health problems, as w... more Several studies have found co-occurrence between substance abuse and mental health problems, as well as an association between treatment retention and psychological distress. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of possible protective factors with psychological distress. The present study tested physical activity, self-esteem and sense of coherence, and psychological distress level among inpatients in substance use treatment. The study design was cross-sectional and multicenter. Patients (N = 167) were recruited in 2018 from 10 Norwegian inpatient facilities. They self-reported on 3 validated measurement instruments: Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Antonovsky’s Sense of Coherence Scale, and frequency of physical activity. The Hopkins Symptom Checklist-10 was used as an outcome variable of psychological distress. The associations were investigated with multiple linear and logistic regression methods. The results suggested that high self-esteem and sense of coherence ...

Factor structure and internal consistency of the parent patient activation measure (P-PAM) in parents of children with ADHD in Norwegian paediatric mental health

BMC Psychiatry

Background This study aimed to explore the internal consistency and factor validity of the 13-ite... more Background This study aimed to explore the internal consistency and factor validity of the 13-item self-report questionnaire Parent-Patient Activation Measure (P-PAM) in a sample of parents of children with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 239 parents were recruited from four outpatient clinics of the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services and completed the P-PAM along with demographic variables. The factor structure of the P-PAM was examined through exploratory factor analysis, and internal consistency was estimated with the use of both Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega. A confirmatory factor analysis was used to estimate and test individual parameters. Results The fit indices suggest an acceptable two-factor model of P-PAM and show high internal consistency and reliability for both factors, indicating that the scale measures two concepts. Conclusions Our findings provide evidence for an acceptable factor structure and a high re...

Terapeutisk relasjon – en hjørnestein i miljøterapi – hva viser sykepleierapportene?

Nordisk sygeplejeforskning

Is There an Association Between Salivary Cortisol and Dropping Out of Inpatient Substance Addiction Treatments? A Prospective Repeated Measures Study

Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment

Several studies have found an association between salivary cortisol levels and dropping out of in... more Several studies have found an association between salivary cortisol levels and dropping out of inpatient substance addiction treatment programs. The results are mixed due to variations in the study design and the lack of standardized routines for cortisol assessment. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there was (1) an association between salivary cortisol levels and dropping out from inpatient substance addiction treatments; (2) higher predictive validity for dropout in one of the cortisol indexes: Area Under the Curve with respect to ground (AUCG) or Daily Cortisol Slope (DCS); (3) an interaction effect with time for each cortisol index; and (4) different dropout rates for sex and patients in short-term versus long-term treatment programs. This was a prospective, repeated-measures observational study. Patients (n = 173) were recruited from 2 inpatient facilities in the central region of Norway between 2018 and 2021. Salivary cortisol was measured 4 times during the tr...

Changes to body mass index, work self-efficacy, health-related quality of life, and work participation in people with obesity after vocational rehabilitation: a prospective observational study

BMC Public Health, 2021

Background People on or at risk of sick leave from work due to obesity or obesity-related problem... more Background People on or at risk of sick leave from work due to obesity or obesity-related problems participated in a new vocational rehabilitation (VR). The study aimed to examine the outcome changes in the participants’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL), body mass index (BMI), return to work self-efficacy (RTWSE), work ability scale (WAS) and degree of work participation (DWP) after their participation in the 12-month VR programme. The secondary aim was to examine associations between the outcome changes and HRQoL at 12-month follow-up, measured with the HRQoL 15D instrument (15D). Methods This prospective observational study included 95 participants. The one-year multidisciplinary VR programme with an integrated work and lifestyle intervention included 4 weeks of inpatient stay followed-up by 5 meetings. A paired sample t-test was used to examine changes in HRQoL, BMI, RTWSE, WAS, and DWP between baseline and the 12-month follow-up. Multiple linear regression analyses explore...

Lifestyle and Work-Related Factors Associated with Work Ability and Work Participation for People with Obesity: A Prospective Observational Study After Vocational Rehabilitation

Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 2021

Purpose: We aimed to investigate which changes in the explanatory factors that were associated wi... more Purpose: We aimed to investigate which changes in the explanatory factors that were associated with positive change in the work ability score (WAS) and degree of work participation (DWP) for participants in a new 1-year vocational rehabilitation (VR) program for people on or at risk of sick leave due to obesity or obesity-related problems. Patients and Methods: This prospective observational study included 95 participants with a body mass index (BMI) above 30 kg/m 2. The 1-year multidisciplinary VR program with an integrated work and lifestyle intervention included 4 weeks of inpatient stay followed-up by five meetings. Differences between baseline and 12-month follow-up data were analyzed for the change in explanatory variables WAS, DWP, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), BMI, and return-to-work self-efficacy (RTWSE). The primary outcome was measured by multiple linear regression for predicting WAS and DWP. Results: We found significant changes in WAS (1.51, 95% CI: 0.83 to 2.20, p<0.001), DWP (18.69, 95% CI: 8.35 to 29.02, p<0.001), HRQoL (2.57, 95% CI: 1.35 to 3.79, p<0.001), BMI (−2.33, 95% CI: −3.10 to −1.56, p<0.001), and in RTWSE (15.89, 95% CI: 4.07 to 27.71, p = 0.009). Regression analysis yielded a strong association between WAS at 12month follow-up with an increase in HRQoL (β=0.27, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.38, p<0.001) and WAS baseline (β=0.49, 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.71, p<0.001). Further, regression analysis demonstrated a strong association between DWP at 12-month follow-up with return-to-work expectancy (RTWEXP) (β=−10.62, 95% CI: −15.25 to −6.03, p<0.001). Conclusion: The results indicate positive changes in WAS, DWP, HRQoL, BMI, and RTWSE from baseline to 12-month follow-up. For people with BMI above 30 kg/m 2 , changes in HRQoL are important for an increase in WAS, and a high RTWEXP is essential to achieve work participation. Future studies examining VR programs with lifestyle interventions for people with obesity are recommended.

Assessment of the Quality of Life in Parents of Children With ADHD: Validation of the Multicultural Quality of Life Index in Norwegian Pediatric Mental Health Settings

Frontiers in Psychology, 2021

Background: The brief generic Multicultural Quality of Life Index (MQLI) is a culturally informed... more Background: The brief generic Multicultural Quality of Life Index (MQLI) is a culturally informed self-report 10-item questionnaire used to measure health-related quality of life (QoL). QoL is an important outcome measure in guiding healthcare and is held as a substantial parameter to evaluate the effectiveness of healthcare. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children might negatively influence the parents’ QoL. Having a validated questionnaire to measure QoL for this population will therefore be a vital first step in guiding healthcare for parents of children with ADHD. We aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Norwegian version of the MQLI in a sample of parents of children with ADHD.Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 128 parents of children with ADHD were recruited from four outpatient clinics within the Child and Adolescents Mental Health Services (CAMHS) in Norway. They completed the MQLI along with an alternative well-being scale, the Five-item...

The quality and quantity of staff-patient interactions as recorded by staff. A registry study of nursing documentation in two inpatient mental health wards

BMC Psychiatry, 2019

Background: Therapeutic staff-patient interaction is fundamental in psychiatric care. It is recog... more Background: Therapeutic staff-patient interaction is fundamental in psychiatric care. It is recognized as a key to healing in and of itself, or a premise to enhance psychiatric treatment adherence. Still, little is known about how these interactions are recorded in nursing documentation. The purpose of the study was to assess the quality and quantity of staff-patient interactions as recorded in progress notes in nursing documentation. Methods: The study has an observational registry study design. A random sample of 3858 excerpts was selected from progress notes in 90 patient journals on an acute psychiatric unit and an open inpatient district psychiatric centre (DPC) in Norway. The Scale for the Evaluation of Staff-Patient Interactions in progress notes (SESPI) was used to assess the progress note excerpts. It is developed to assess the quality and quantity in excerpt descriptions of staff-patient interactions in terms of empathic attunement. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the total sample and for each ward separately. Ordinal and multinomial logistic regression were used to estimate control for shift type, staff education level, and type of hospital ward. Results: Only 7.6% of the total number of excerpts (N = 3858) described staff-patient interactions sufficiently to analyze them in terms of attunement. Compared to the DPC, the acute ward reported more staff-patient interactions. The evening excerpts reported more successful types of attunement than those from the night shifts. Education level did not contribute significantly to our models. Conclusion: These findings present a unique insight into the quality and quantity of mental health nursing documentation regarding staff-patient interactions. Therapeutic interactions where staff tried to attune to the patients were rarely described. However, this is the first study measuring nursing documentation with the SESPI, and more studies are required to validate the scale and our findings. One potential clinical implication of this research is the development of a scale that personnel in psychiatric wards can have for evaluation of the quality of their reporting practice with emphasis on staff-patient interactions. By regular use this may help keeping up emphasis on emphatic attunement in milieu treatment contexts.

Gender Differences in the Predictive Validity of a Violence Risk Screening Tool: A Prospective Study in an Acute Psychiatric Ward

International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 2016

ABSTRACT In this one-year prospective, naturalistic study in an acute psychiatric facility, we ex... more ABSTRACT In this one-year prospective, naturalistic study in an acute psychiatric facility, we explored gender differences between 230 men and 284 women regarding the predictive validity of the Violence risk screening-10 (V-RISK-10). Hospital staff recorded violent incidents during hospital stays (range 1–176 days; median: 5.5 days) resulting in 50 men (22%) and 30 women (11%) being recorded for violence. The predictive validity was significant for both genders, with ROC-AUCs of .79 for males and .80 for females. Scoring at cut-off or beyond indicated a two-fold increased risk of becoming violent for men and a three-fold risk for women. A lower score indicated a five-fold decrease in risk for both genders. Estimates of explained variance for the prediction model were higher for men. Findings indicate gender differences for risk factors of violence and highlight the need of further research on this issue.

HiMolde-forskere avviser kontroversielt IQ-forslag: - Uintelligent løsning

by Kjetil Haugen and Stål Bjørkly

Panorama, 2018

Tre HiMolde-forskere-én fra hver av høgskolens avdelinger-skyter i en artikkel i Norsk filosofisk... more